Knowledge (XXG)

2007 Venezuelan constitutional referendum

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Department Undersecretary said, "We felt that this referendum would make Chávez president for life, and that’s not ever a welcome development. In a country that wants to be a democracy, the people spoke, and the people spoke for democracy and against unlimited power." A leader of the student movement,
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press release, the general Latin American response was praise for the "democratic maturity" evidenced by the Venezuelan people. Brazil's Foreign Affairs Minister, Celso Amorin, said "The president accepted the result in a very calm and elegant manner." President Felipe Calderón of Mexico said Chávez
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Polls from November saw very close results. In mid-November, a Hinterlaces poll found that 51% of decided voters supported the change, while Mecanálisis said 64% of decided voters would vote against reform. A poll by Keller & Asociados concluded defeat for the proposal with 45% "No" to 31% "Yes"
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Some of Chávez's supporters expressed concerns and disagreement with his proposals to change the constitution. Many voters abstained in the vote, rather than cast a "No" vote against Chávez. The student movement played a crucial role in consolidating this position and in organizing numerous rallies.
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hailed the defeat as a victory for democracy. Bush said, "The Venezuelan people rejected one-man rule. They voted for democracy." A National Security Council spokesman said, "We congratulate the people of Venezuela on their vote and their continued desire to live in freedom and democracy". A State
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to the United States if violence resulted from the referendum and declared at his campaign's closing that "whoever voted 'Yes' was voting for Hugo Chávez, but whoever voted 'No' was voting for George W. Bush". The U.S. has responded by calling the allegations "ridiculous" and "a fake". Independent
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The final proposal included 69 constitutional amendments to be voted on in two blocks: 33 that were originally proposed by President Chávez plus another 13 articles introduced by the National Assembly (Proposal A) and 23 more reform articles proposed by the National Assembly (Proposal B). Proposed
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Venezuela's constitutional procedures require three debates before the National Assembly, to reform the constitution. The first debate was successfully held on 21 August 2007 and gave initial approval to the general purpose of the reform. During the second successful vote on 11 September 2007, the
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or a constituent assembly to ask for changes; reform should be approved by a national referendum. The 1999 constitution was promoted by Chávez and adopted by popular referendum. The proposed constitutional reforms were needed, according to Chávez, to complete the transition to a socialist republic
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Watch out, US lovers, celebrate. You have no dignity anyhow. Where could you have it? I recommend you to administer your victory wisely, because we will launch a renewed offensive for the great constitutional reform. ... You have a second offensive left for the constitutional reform. I cannot say
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described Chávez as a "great democrat". A response characterized by Mercosur as "blunt" came from Cuban Foreign Affairs minister Felipe Perez Roque: "those who have organized plots to destabilize Venezuela, to abolish its democratically elected government and even attempt a coup against President
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In conceding defeat, Chávez insisted that he would "continue in the battle to build socialism". Although two days later Chavez called "victoria de mierda" (shitty victory) to the results, further saying that "but already you are covering it (the victory) in shit". Chávez conceded defeat by saying
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resulted in gunfire and several injuries; footage was caught on tape. In late November 2007, just days before the referendum, tens of thousands marched in Caracas for both the "Yes" and "No" votes. An opposition politician estimated the crowd marching for the "No" vote at 160,000. Protests were
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CANVAS, originally known in Serbia as Otpor (loosely translated as "Resistance"), excels at bridging the gaps between disparate factions, mobilizing popular support, coordinating protest actions and hitting authoritarian governments where it most hurts. It shines at carrying out the sort of
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The proposal was narrowly defeated, 51 to 49 percent, in the first major electoral defeat for Chávez in the nine years of his presidency. Chávez conceded defeat, saying, "I congratulate my adversaries for this victory", and "for now, we could not do it."
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had shown " ... enormous valor to admit such results". Spain's Foreign Affairs minister, Miguel Ángel Moratinos, said that "free expression of people's sovereignty has been accepted by all sides including those who had promoted the referendum".
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party, which said that the National Assembly had infringed the Constitution. The third vote on 25 October 2007 approved the proposal, enlarged from 33 articles to 69. Final parliamentary approval for the referendum was given on 2 November 2007.
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They say Chávez was blown away. Yes, but I moved not even a millimeter. Yes, I was blown away, but I am weaker not even a millimeter. Be worried, empire; be worried, unpatriotic oligarchy. Strike as many times as you want. But, beware! Do not
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and it is also contrary to human nature and the Christian view of society, because it grants the state absolute control over the people it governs". Other leaders and former Chávez supporters who distanced themselves from the proposal were
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called the results of the referendum an "exemplary development" on the part of the Venezuelan government and people, saying that democracy in the Americas "passed a difficult test and emerged stronger, showing clearly its consolidation."
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Chávez backers were likely to vote "No"; it was the first Datanalisis survey to project a loss, contrasted with earlier surveys that showed a win for Chávez "amid low turnout and despite widespread skepticism of his proposal".
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and six other cities over the proposed constitutional changes. "Tens of thousands" of "Yes" voters marched in Caracas after the referendum had finally been approved on 2 November. A 7 November riot at the
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and opposition from former allies helped fuel the defeat, but the referendum results and the 44% abstention rate suggest that support had also waned among Chávez's traditional base of Venezuela's poor.
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The day after the referendum, financial markets were buoyed by Chávez's defeat; Venezuelan bonds rose and the stock index in Caracas surged 4% following a year-to-date 24% decline.
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votes; about 65% of eligible people planned to vote. A late-November poll by Datanalisis of 1,854 likely voters indicated 49% were opposed, with 39% in favor. Reportedly, some
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by modifying the laws regarding the armed forces. He also described the opposition's victory as "full of shit" and his defeat as "full of courage, valor and dignity".
4110: 2541:'s $ 500,000 Milton Friedman Liberty Prize in 2008 for his "pivotal role in organizing and voicing opposition to the erosion of human and civil rights" in Venezuela. 761:; detractors said he was using the reforms to become a dictator. The proposal was hailed by government supporters as "the start of a new era towards socialism", but 5066: 4743: 731: 680: 391: 3548: 5251: 4167: 3630: 3217: 2794: 5389: 4145: 905:, expressed his concern by describing the reform as "nothing less than an attempt to establish a socialist state in Venezuela ... is contrary to the beliefs of 4722: 4717: 4707: 4702: 548: 543: 2511:
media responses included special reports that highlighted Chávez's first electoral setback in nine years and his ethical acceptance of defeat. According to a
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analysts doubt the authenticity of the document, noting both the lack of an original document in English and that "the timing of its release is strange."
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Venezuela's state television network broadcast coverage prior to the referendum of a memo written in Spanish, claiming it evidenced a plan by the
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the possibility of bringing the proposal back in "the same form, transformed or simplified" in a future referendum and the creation of the
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prohibit large land estates, while "allowing the state to provisionally occupy property slated for expropriation before a court has ruled",
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activities at which the Venezuelan opposition fails miserably, and it has now contributed to Chavez's first real defeat.
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Chávez said on 5 December that he intended to launch a second attempt to change the Constitution. According to
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Chávez are active and we hope that they quit and let the Venezuelan people build their future in peace".
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to destabilize Chávez —an allegation referred to as Operation Pliers. Chávez threatened to cut off
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reduce the maximum working week from 44 to 36 hours and reduce the workday from eight to six hours,
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National Assembly added amendments to the original Chávez reform proposal, again angering the
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reorganize the country's administrative districts and allow the president to control elected
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The referendum was narrowly defeated, giving Chávez the first and only election loss of his
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and supporters claimed the changes were needed to initiate the transformation into a
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expressed hope that the result of the vote would end the "media war" in Venezuela.
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country; opponents claimed the reforms would undermine democracy in the country.
5639: 5622: 5295: 5089: 4038: 2947:(Press release) (in Spanish). Gobierno Bolivariano de Venezuela. 2 November 2007 926: 788: 2505:, a popular opposition mayor, said "Venezuela won today, democracy won today". 5584: 3954:"Emerging Markets Report: Venezuelan bonds rally after Chavez referendum loss" 901:, former Minister of Defense and one of the four founding members of Chávez's 4009:"Presidente Chávez: "Vendrá una nueva ofensiva" para reformar la Carta Magna" 5229: 4178: 938: 866: 208: 192: 2611:, who had been blamed by many Chávez supporters for the failed referendum. 2592:
During a press conference with the military high command, he expressed on
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and mayors by an unelected "popular power" dependent on the presidency,
3429:"Bolivarian students are marching to Chávez's government headquarters" 3579:"Última encuesta de Keller & Asociados da ganadora opción del NO" 2795:"Reforma de la constitución de la República Bolivariana de Venezuela" 3722:"Chávez califica de 'victoria de mierda' el triunfo de la oposición" 2899:"Chavez gets constitutional reform backing from Venezuelan Congress" 2887:"Constitutional Reform Project is approved in its second discussion" 2886: 887:, contributed to the movement and provided training for students in 2771:. Maldives Independent News Media. 18 November 2007. Archived from 1092: 971: 963: 937: 884: 848: 2769:"Understanding constitutional reform in Venezuela (a background)" 5617: 5079: 892: 748:
proposed an amendment to 33 articles of Venezuela's 350-article
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allow the president to declare an unlimited state of emergency,
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Venezuelans Reject Chavez's Plans for Constitution (Update1).
3022:"Defeat for Hugo Chávez: The wind goes out of the revolution" 3697:(Press release). MercoPress. 4 December 2007. Archived from 3695:"Praise for Venezuela but Chavez promises 'we will prevail'" 2889:, Mathaba.net, 12 September 2007. Retrieved 4 December 2007. 3581:(in Spanish). Globovision. 23 November 2007. Archived from 4037:(in Spanish). Globovisión. 5 December 2007. Archived from 5085:
Community of Latin American and Caribbean States (CELAC)
3891:"Insulza congratulates Venezuelan government and people" 3769:[Venezuela Says 'No' to Chavez's Constitution]. 3048:"Gay rights were part of rejected Venezuelan referendum" 2603:
A month after the referendum was defeated, Chávez named
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largely peaceful, and only one death has been reported.
3921:"RSF hopes referendum to stop "media war" in Venezuela" 2489:), echoing the phrase he used after the failure of the 824:
increase the presidential term from six to seven years,
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BBC News, 1 December 2007. Retrieved 3 December 2007
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29 November rally by the supporters of the "No" vote
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prohibit foreign funding for political associations.
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Centre for Applied Nonviolent Action and Strategies
122: 63: 3605:"Poll says Chavez loses Venezuela referendum lead" 2668:"Tension, Then Surprise, Chavez Loses Reform Vote" 794:expand social security benefits to workers in the 3767:"Venezuela dice 'no' a la Constitución de Chávez" 3188:"One person killed in demonstration in Venezuela" 2964: 2962: 2583:Responding to George W. Bush's remarks, he said: 833:allow public funding for political associations. 3755:, 3 December 2007. Accessed on 3 December 2007 3671:, 3 December 2007. Accessed on 3 December 2007 3659:Poder electoral ofreció primer boletin oficial. 2735:"Venezuela Vote Sets Roadblocks on Chávez Path" 2585: 2576: 4094:"Chavez Opposition Swells Ahead of Referendum" 3689: 3687: 3685: 3683: 3681: 3679: 3677: 2728: 2726: 2637:"Venezuela Hands Narrow Defeat to Chávez Plan" 5245: 4810: 4161: 3549:"Outcome of Venezuela's Referendum Uncertain" 2945:"AN presenta al CNE pregunta para referéndum" 725: 8: 3531: 3529: 2689: 2687: 2685: 2661: 2659: 2657: 2491:February 1992 Venezuelan coup d'état attempt 18: 5618:Bolivarian Alliance for the Americas (ALBA) 5080:Bolivarian Alliance for the Americas (ALBA) 3973: 3971: 3724:[Foreign media on the referendum]. 3631:"Half in Venezuela Reject New Constitution" 3607:. B92.net. 24 November 2007. Archived from 3249: 3247: 3245: 3243: 3156: 3154: 3137:"100,000 march against Hugo Chavez reforms" 2630: 2628: 2626: 2624: 5316:United Socialist Party of Venezuela (PSUV) 5252: 5238: 5230: 4817: 4803: 4795: 4168: 4154: 4146: 3403:"Venezuela Students Spur Protest Movement" 893:RCTV broadcast license expiration protests 853:Chávez supporters hang a pro reform poster 732: 718: 230: 5390:2010 Colombia–Venezuela diplomatic crisis 3799:"Bush administration hails Chavez defeat" 3792: 3790: 3788: 3282:"Chavez revolution takes hit in election" 3218:"Un muerto y 6 heridos durante protestas" 19:2007 Venezuelan constitutional referendum 5358:2006 Chávez speech at the United Nations 5119:Chavismo: The Plague of the 21st Century 3952:Lesova, Polya Lesova (3 December 2007). 3106:"Gunfire erupts at Venezuela university" 2470: 1100: 979: 191:A constitutional referendum was held in 182: 3256:"In Chávez Territory, Signs of Dissent" 3079:"Thousands Rally for Chavez's Proposal" 2830: 2828: 2826: 2620: 883:(CANVAS), created by former members of 233: 5450:2010 Venezuelan parliamentary election 4991:2010 Venezuelan parliamentary election 4971:2005 Venezuelan parliamentary election 4961:Venezuelan general strike of 2002–2003 4184:Elections and referendums in Venezuela 2802:National Electoral Council (Venezuela) 2501:, said, "Tonight, Venezuela has won". 2499:2006 Venezuelan presidential candidate 1078: 976:People wait in line to vote in Caracas 17: 4129:Gould, Jens Erik (29 November 2007). 4109:Gould, Jens Erik (29 November 2007). 4060:Jack Daniel, Frank (3 January 2008). 3342:"Venezuela: The Marigold Revolution?" 2528:The U.S. administration of President 903:Revolutionary Bolivarian Movement-200 7: 5578:National Center for Foreign Commerce 3720:García, James L. (6 December 2007). 3370:"Venezuela: A New Player in the Mix" 3135:Strange, Hannah (30 November 2007). 2970:"A glance at Venezuela's referendum" 4925:United Socialist Party of Venezuela 3797:Bachelet, Pablo (3 December 2007). 2996:"US hails Chavez referendum defeat" 2919:"Venezuela assembly passes reforms" 2666:Kofman, Jeffrey (3 December 2007). 821:lower the voting age from 18 to 16, 3555:. 19 November 2007. Archived from 3536:Chavez urges reform for Venezuela. 3491:"Ex-wife damns Hugo Chavez 'coup'" 3437:. 21 November 2007. Archived from 3254:Romero, Simon (30 November 2007). 3224:. 27 November 2007. Archived from 3194:. 26 November 2007. Archived from 3162:"Students stage anti-Chavez rally" 3112:. Associated Press. Archived from 3104:Sierra, Sandra (8 November 2007). 3081:. Associated Press. Archived from 2862:"Venezuela lawmakers back reforms" 2699:"Why Venezuelans Turned on Chavez" 14: 5321:Detention of Maria Lourdes Afiuni 5139:Hugo Chávez's cult of personality 4935:Constitutional referendum of 2009 4930:Constitutional referendum of 2007 4092:Forero, Juan (30 November 2007). 3985:. 5 December 2007. Archived from 3929:. 3 December 2007. Archived from 3897:. 3 December 2007. Archived from 3837:. 3 December 2007. Archived from 3829:"Foreign media on the referendum" 3748:Matthew Walter and Helen Murphy. 3318:. 23 October 2007. Archived from 2836:"Q&A: Venezuela's referendum" 2733:Romero, Simon (4 December 2007). 2635:Romero, Simon (3 December 2007). 5306:Assassination of Danilo Anderson 5213: 5212: 4886: 4881: 4177: 3489:Orozco, Jose (2 December 2007). 3401:Nunez, Elizabeth (4 June 2007). 3280:Kraul, Chris (4 December 2007). 692: 243: 25: 3465:"Why I Parted Ways With Chávez" 3077:James, Ian (21 November 2007). 2697:, Jens Erik (3 December 2007). 2546:Organization of American States 968:Preparations for the referendum 872:Central University of Venezuela 5445:2009 constitutional referendum 5440:2007 constitutional referendum 5126:El ocaso del socialismo mágico 4011:. YVKE Caracas. Archived from 3765:Peregil, F (3 December 2007). 2480:headline: "Venezuela said no". 754:National Assembly of Venezuela 1: 5590:Socialism of the 21st century 5375:2008 Andean diplomatic crisis 5052:Socialism of the 21st century 4940:Presidential election of 2012 4920:Presidential election of 2006 4868:Presidential election of 1998 5595:Venezuelan communal councils 5363:South American Energy Summit 5183:Venezuela Information Office 5173:The Silence and the Scorpion 5057:Venezuelan communal councils 4111:"Venezuela's Fateful Choice" 836:ban discrimination based on 744:On 15 August 2007 President 5430:2005 parliamentary election 5413:2000 trade union referendum 5156:Public image of Hugo Chávez 625:Ministry of Foreign Affairs 424:Supreme Tribunal of Justice 220:University student protests 5753: 5732:Constitutional referendums 5722:Constitutions of Venezuela 5455:2012 presidential election 5435:2006 presidential election 3669:National Electoral Council 2607:to replace vice-president 2461:National Electoral Council 1052: 1023: 5640:Con mis hijos no te metas 5191: 4966:Recall referendum of 2004 4879: 4832: 3553:Angus Reid Global Monitor 2579:that we did not make it." 2555:Reporters without Borders 2402: 2347: 2292: 2237: 2182: 2127: 2072: 2017: 1962: 1907: 1852: 1797: 1742: 1687: 1632: 1577: 1522: 1467: 1412: 1357: 1302: 1247: 1192: 1137: 1112: 1109: 1106: 1044: 1004: 999: 996: 991: 988: 985: 982: 166: 158: 153: 145: 141: 137: 127: 107: 99: 94: 86: 82: 78: 68: 39: 23: 5717:Referendums in Venezuela 5656:2002–2003 general strike 5341:2013 Uribana prison riot 4915:General election of 2000 3664:19 February 2009 at the 2594:Venezolana de Televisión 801:end the autonomy of the 5651:Plaza Altamira military 5331:Death of Franklin Brito 4873:Death and state funeral 4285:Parliamentary elections 2487:("por ahora no pudimos" 2485:"for now, we couldn't" 681:Chávez's foreign policy 280:Constitutions of States 187:President Chávez voting 5418:2004 recall referendum 5385:Los Maniceros massacre 5369:¿Por qué no te callas? 5281:Cabinet of Hugo Chávez 5151:¿Por qué no te callas? 4905:Cabinet of Hugo Chávez 4838:President of Venezuela 4596:Constituent Assemblies 4192:Presidential elections 3409:. The Associated Press 2590: 2581: 2481: 1098: 977: 969: 943: 854: 646:Diplomatic missions of 195:on 2 December 2007 to 188: 5737:Bolivarian Revolution 5558:Bolivarian Revolution 5408:2000 general election 5353:Rodrigo Granda affair 5113:Bolivarian propaganda 5027:Bolivarian Revolution 4846:Early life and career 3773:(in Spanish). Caracas 3730:(in Spanish). Caracas 2474: 1096: 975: 967: 941: 852: 236:Politics of Venezuela 186: 5646:Coup attempt of 2002 5348:Daktari Ranch affair 4956:Coup attempt of 2002 4863:Coup attempt of 1992 3803:The Kansas City Star 699:Venezuela portal 405:since 5 January 2021 216:nine-year presidency 5727:Reform in Venezuela 5486:Bolivarian missions 5022:Bolivarian missions 4556:Municipal elections 4015:on 13 December 2007 3933:on 22 December 2007 3841:on 17 December 2007 3611:on 25 November 2007 3559:on 15 December 2007 3463:(1 December 2007). 3407:The Washington Post 3292:on 13 December 2007 3228:on 30 November 2007 3198:on 21 December 2007 3116:on 10 November 2007 3085:on 24 November 2007 3058:on 13 December 2007 2811:on 16 February 2008 2775:on 23 November 2007 2598:Bolivarian militias 2574:newspaper, he said: 2550:José Miguel Insulza 2522:Argentine President 1103: 916:Marisabel Rodríguez 199:69 articles of the 20: 5481:Bolivarian Circles 5380:Operation Emmanuel 5017:Bolivarian Circles 4493:Regional elections 4115:The New York Times 4041:on 7 December 2007 3871:on 4 November 2008 3809:on 6 December 2007 3701:on 6 December 2007 3637:on 2 December 2007 3585:on 2 December 2007 3522:. 4 February 2011. 3520:The New York Times 3469:The New York Times 3260:The New York Times 3168:. 30 November 2007 2982:Also available at 2842:. 30 November 2007 2739:The New York Times 2711:on 5 December 2007 2641:The New York Times 2548:Secretary-General 2537:, was awarded the 2482: 1101: 1099: 978: 970: 944: 857:In November 2007, 855: 838:sexual orientation 780:changes included: 757:and implement his 319:Capital punishment 189: 5707:2007 in Venezuela 5694: 5693: 5613:Bank of the South 5464:Domestic policies 5286:Plan Bolívar 2000 5227: 5226: 5075:Bank of the South 5047:Plan Bolívar 2000 4910:1999 Constitution 4792: 4791: 3378:. 3 December 2007 3286:Los Angeles Times 3028:. 6 December 2007 3002:. 3 December 2007 2925:. 2 November 2007 2670:. ABC Global News 2457: 2456: 1102:Results by state 1086: 1085: 742: 741: 668:Visa requirements 618:Foreign relations 500:Recent elections 496:Political parties 437:Federal divisions 386:National Assembly 201:1999 Constitution 181: 180: 177: 176: 171: 170: 118: 117: 112: 111: 54: 53: 5744: 5712:2007 referendums 5336:Yare prison riot 5254: 5247: 5240: 5231: 5216: 5215: 5204:Nicolás Maduro → 5197:← Rafael Caldera 5178:Venezuelanalysis 5133:El pueblo soy yo 4949:Political events 4890: 4885: 4819: 4812: 4805: 4796: 4182: 4181: 4170: 4163: 4156: 4147: 4142: 4140: 4138: 4125: 4123: 4121: 4105: 4103: 4101: 4079: 4078: 4076: 4074: 4057: 4051: 4050: 4048: 4046: 4031: 4025: 4024: 4022: 4020: 4005: 3999: 3998: 3996: 3994: 3975: 3966: 3965: 3963: 3961: 3949: 3943: 3942: 3940: 3938: 3917: 3911: 3910: 3908: 3906: 3887: 3881: 3880: 3878: 3876: 3867:. Archived from 3857: 3851: 3850: 3848: 3846: 3825: 3819: 3818: 3816: 3814: 3805:. Archived from 3794: 3783: 3782: 3780: 3778: 3762: 3756: 3746: 3740: 3739: 3737: 3735: 3717: 3711: 3710: 3708: 3706: 3691: 3672: 3657: 3653: 3647: 3646: 3644: 3642: 3627: 3621: 3620: 3618: 3616: 3601: 3595: 3594: 3592: 3590: 3575: 3569: 3568: 3566: 3564: 3545: 3539: 3533: 3524: 3523: 3512: 3506: 3505: 3503: 3501: 3495:The Sunday Times 3486: 3480: 3479: 3477: 3475: 3457: 3451: 3450: 3448: 3446: 3425: 3419: 3418: 3416: 3414: 3398: 3392: 3391: 3385: 3383: 3366: 3360: 3359: 3357: 3355: 3350:. 5 October 2007 3338: 3332: 3331: 3329: 3327: 3308: 3302: 3301: 3299: 3297: 3288:. Archived from 3277: 3271: 3270: 3268: 3266: 3251: 3238: 3237: 3235: 3233: 3214: 3208: 3207: 3205: 3203: 3184: 3178: 3177: 3175: 3173: 3158: 3149: 3148: 3146: 3144: 3132: 3126: 3125: 3123: 3121: 3101: 3095: 3094: 3092: 3090: 3074: 3068: 3067: 3065: 3063: 3054:. Archived from 3044: 3038: 3037: 3035: 3033: 3018: 3012: 3011: 3009: 3007: 2992: 2986: 2981: 2979: 2977: 2966: 2957: 2956: 2954: 2952: 2941: 2935: 2934: 2932: 2930: 2915: 2909: 2904:11 July 2012 at 2896: 2890: 2884: 2878: 2877: 2875: 2873: 2868:. 22 August 2007 2858: 2852: 2851: 2849: 2847: 2832: 2821: 2820: 2818: 2816: 2810: 2804:. Archived from 2799: 2791: 2785: 2784: 2782: 2780: 2765: 2750: 2749: 2747: 2745: 2730: 2721: 2720: 2718: 2716: 2707:. Archived from 2691: 2680: 2679: 2677: 2675: 2663: 2652: 2651: 2649: 2647: 2632: 2605:Ramón Carrizales 1633:Distrito Capital 1104: 1097:Results by state 1089:Results by state 980: 796:informal economy 759:socialist agenda 734: 727: 720: 697: 696: 695: 398: 247: 231: 135: 134: 129: 128: 123:Block B articles 76: 75: 70: 69: 64:Block A articles 59: 58: 41: 40: 35: 34: 30: 29: 28: 21: 5752: 5751: 5747: 5746: 5745: 5743: 5742: 5741: 5697: 5696: 5695: 5690: 5627: 5599: 5573:Economic policy 5541:Vuelta al Campo 5459: 5394: 5267: 5258: 5228: 5223: 5187: 5094: 5061: 5042:Economic policy 5000:Domestic policy 4995: 4944: 4891: 4877: 4858:Military career 4841: 4828: 4823: 4793: 4788: 4727: 4591: 4550: 4487: 4279: 4186: 4176: 4174: 4136: 4134: 4128: 4119: 4117: 4108: 4099: 4097: 4091: 4088: 4083: 4082: 4072: 4070: 4059: 4058: 4054: 4044: 4042: 4033: 4032: 4028: 4018: 4016: 4007: 4006: 4002: 3992: 3990: 3977: 3976: 3969: 3959: 3957: 3951: 3950: 3946: 3936: 3934: 3919: 3918: 3914: 3904: 3902: 3889: 3888: 3884: 3874: 3872: 3859: 3858: 3854: 3844: 3842: 3827: 3826: 3822: 3812: 3810: 3796: 3795: 3786: 3776: 3774: 3764: 3763: 3759: 3747: 3743: 3733: 3731: 3719: 3718: 3714: 3704: 3702: 3693: 3692: 3675: 3666:Wayback Machine 3655: 3654: 3650: 3640: 3638: 3629: 3628: 3624: 3614: 3612: 3603: 3602: 3598: 3588: 3586: 3577: 3576: 3572: 3562: 3560: 3547: 3546: 3542: 3534: 3527: 3514: 3513: 3509: 3499: 3497: 3488: 3487: 3483: 3473: 3471: 3459: 3458: 3454: 3444: 3442: 3427: 3426: 3422: 3412: 3410: 3400: 3399: 3395: 3381: 3379: 3368: 3367: 3363: 3353: 3351: 3340: 3339: 3335: 3325: 3323: 3310: 3309: 3305: 3295: 3293: 3279: 3278: 3274: 3264: 3262: 3253: 3252: 3241: 3231: 3229: 3216: 3215: 3211: 3201: 3199: 3186: 3185: 3181: 3171: 3169: 3160: 3159: 3152: 3142: 3140: 3134: 3133: 3129: 3119: 3117: 3103: 3102: 3098: 3088: 3086: 3076: 3075: 3071: 3061: 3059: 3046: 3045: 3041: 3031: 3029: 3020: 3019: 3015: 3005: 3003: 2994: 2993: 2989: 2975: 2973: 2968: 2967: 2960: 2950: 2948: 2943: 2942: 2938: 2928: 2926: 2917: 2916: 2912: 2897: 2893: 2885: 2881: 2871: 2869: 2860: 2859: 2855: 2845: 2843: 2834: 2833: 2824: 2814: 2812: 2808: 2797: 2793: 2792: 2788: 2778: 2776: 2767: 2766: 2753: 2743: 2741: 2732: 2731: 2724: 2714: 2712: 2693: 2692: 2683: 2673: 2671: 2665: 2664: 2655: 2645: 2643: 2634: 2633: 2622: 2617: 2609:Jorge Rodríguez 2566: 2518:Néstor Kirchner 2469: 2464: 1091: 1001: 993: 958: 936: 847: 813:state governors 738: 709: 705:Other countries 693: 691: 686: 685: 677: 658:Nationality law 654: 642: 631:Felix Plasencia 620: 610: 609: 604: 587: 570: 553: 536: 525:Parliamentary: 519: 491: 481: 480: 439: 429: 428: 419: 411: 410: 403:Jorge Rodríguez 396:Dinorah Figuera 390: 381: 373: 372: 361:Delcy Rodríguez 334: 326: 325: 268: 267: 238: 229: 173: 172: 164: 151: 114: 113: 105: 92: 57: 56: 55: 47:2 December 2007 33: 32: 31: 26: 24: 12: 11: 5: 5750: 5748: 5740: 5739: 5734: 5729: 5724: 5719: 5714: 5709: 5699: 5698: 5692: 5691: 5689: 5688: 5687: 5686: 5685: 5684: 5679: 5671: 5666: 5658: 5653: 5648: 5643: 5635: 5633: 5629: 5628: 5626: 5625: 5620: 5615: 5609: 5607: 5605:Foreign policy 5601: 5600: 5598: 5597: 5592: 5587: 5582: 5581: 5580: 5570: 5565: 5560: 5555: 5554: 5553: 5548: 5543: 5538: 5533: 5528: 5523: 5518: 5513: 5508: 5503: 5498: 5493: 5483: 5478: 5473: 5467: 5465: 5461: 5460: 5458: 5457: 5452: 5447: 5442: 5437: 5432: 5427: 5426: 5425: 5415: 5410: 5404: 5402: 5396: 5395: 5393: 5392: 5387: 5382: 5377: 5372: 5365: 5360: 5355: 5350: 5344: 5343: 5338: 5333: 5328: 5323: 5318: 5313: 5308: 5303: 5298: 5293: 5291:Vargas tragedy 5288: 5283: 5277: 5275: 5269: 5268: 5259: 5257: 5256: 5249: 5242: 5234: 5225: 5224: 5222: 5221: 5208: 5207: 5200: 5192: 5189: 5188: 5186: 5185: 5180: 5175: 5170: 5165: 5162:¿¡Revolución!? 5158: 5153: 5148: 5141: 5136: 5129: 5122: 5115: 5110: 5107:Aló Presidente 5102: 5100: 5096: 5095: 5093: 5092: 5087: 5082: 5077: 5071: 5069: 5067:Foreign policy 5063: 5062: 5060: 5059: 5054: 5049: 5044: 5039: 5034: 5029: 5024: 5019: 5014: 5009: 5003: 5001: 4997: 4996: 4994: 4993: 4988: 4987: 4986: 4981: 4975:2007 protests 4973: 4968: 4963: 4958: 4952: 4950: 4946: 4945: 4943: 4942: 4937: 4932: 4927: 4922: 4917: 4912: 4907: 4901: 4899: 4893: 4892: 4880: 4878: 4876: 4875: 4870: 4865: 4860: 4855: 4849: 4847: 4843: 4842: 4833: 4830: 4829: 4824: 4822: 4821: 4814: 4807: 4799: 4790: 4789: 4787: 4786: 4781: 4776: 4771: 4766: 4761: 4756: 4751: 4746: 4741: 4735: 4733: 4729: 4728: 4726: 4725: 4720: 4715: 4710: 4705: 4700: 4695: 4690: 4685: 4680: 4675: 4670: 4665: 4660: 4655: 4650: 4645: 4640: 4635: 4630: 4625: 4620: 4615: 4610: 4605: 4599: 4597: 4593: 4592: 4590: 4589: 4584: 4579: 4574: 4569: 4566: 4560: 4558: 4552: 4551: 4549: 4548: 4543: 4538: 4533: 4528: 4523: 4518: 4513: 4508: 4503: 4497: 4495: 4489: 4488: 4486: 4485: 4480: 4475: 4470: 4465: 4460: 4455: 4450: 4445: 4440: 4435: 4430: 4425: 4420: 4415: 4410: 4405: 4400: 4395: 4390: 4385: 4380: 4375: 4370: 4365: 4360: 4355: 4350: 4345: 4340: 4335: 4330: 4325: 4320: 4315: 4310: 4305: 4300: 4295: 4289: 4287: 4281: 4280: 4278: 4277: 4272: 4267: 4262: 4257: 4252: 4247: 4242: 4237: 4232: 4227: 4222: 4217: 4212: 4207: 4202: 4196: 4194: 4188: 4187: 4175: 4173: 4172: 4165: 4158: 4150: 4144: 4143: 4126: 4106: 4087: 4086:External links 4084: 4081: 4080: 4052: 4026: 4000: 3989:on 25 May 2011 3967: 3944: 3912: 3901:on 25 May 2011 3882: 3865:Cato Institute 3852: 3820: 3784: 3757: 3741: 3712: 3673: 3648: 3622: 3596: 3570: 3540: 3525: 3507: 3481: 3452: 3441:on 25 May 2011 3420: 3393: 3361: 3333: 3322:on 18 May 2011 3303: 3272: 3239: 3220:(in Spanish). 3209: 3179: 3150: 3139:. Times Online 3127: 3096: 3069: 3039: 3013: 2987: 2958: 2936: 2910: 2891: 2879: 2853: 2822: 2800:(in Spanish). 2786: 2751: 2722: 2681: 2653: 2619: 2618: 2616: 2613: 2565: 2562: 2539:Cato Institute 2535:Yon Goicoechea 2530:George W. Bush 2509:Latin American 2503:Leopoldo López 2495:Manuel Rosales 2468: 2465: 2458: 2455: 2454: 2449: 2444: 2439: 2434: 2429: 2423: 2422: 2419: 2416: 2413: 2410: 2407: 2404: 2400: 2399: 2396: 2393: 2390: 2387: 2384: 2380: 2379: 2374: 2369: 2364: 2359: 2354: 2349: 2345: 2344: 2341: 2338: 2335: 2332: 2329: 2325: 2324: 2319: 2314: 2309: 2304: 2299: 2294: 2290: 2289: 2286: 2283: 2280: 2277: 2274: 2270: 2269: 2264: 2259: 2254: 2249: 2244: 2239: 2235: 2234: 2229: 2224: 2219: 2214: 2209: 2203: 2202: 2199: 2196: 2193: 2190: 2187: 2184: 2180: 2179: 2176: 2173: 2170: 2167: 2164: 2160: 2159: 2154: 2149: 2144: 2139: 2134: 2129: 2125: 2124: 2121: 2118: 2115: 2112: 2109: 2105: 2104: 2099: 2094: 2089: 2084: 2079: 2074: 2070: 2069: 2064: 2059: 2054: 2049: 2044: 2038: 2037: 2034: 2031: 2028: 2025: 2022: 2019: 2015: 2014: 2011: 2008: 2005: 2002: 1999: 1995: 1994: 1989: 1984: 1979: 1974: 1969: 1964: 1960: 1959: 1954: 1949: 1944: 1939: 1934: 1928: 1927: 1924: 1921: 1918: 1915: 1912: 1909: 1905: 1904: 1899: 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President 190: 46: 15: 5623:Petrocaribe 5496:Guaicaipuro 5423:Tascón List 5301:Tascón List 5296:Decree 1011 5265:Hugo Chávez 5090:Petrocaribe 4840:(1999–2013) 4826:Hugo Chávez 4732:Referendums 3461:Raúl Baduel 2477:El Nacional 1113:Proposal B 927:oil exports 899:Raúl Baduel 789:term limits 746:Hugo Chávez 673:Visa policy 576:Municipal: 380:Legislature 314:Nationality 292:LGBT rights 205:Hugo Chávez 5701:Categories 5682:Referendum 5632:Opposition 5585:Snitch Law 5568:Colectivos 5491:Florentino 5261:Presidency 5037:Colectivos 4984:Referendum 4897:Presidency 4853:Early life 4749:1999 (Dec) 4744:1999 (Apr) 4137:1 December 4120:1 December 4100:1 December 4073:22 January 4045:5 December 4019:5 December 3993:5 December 3960:5 December 3937:4 December 3905:5 December 3875:1 November 3845:4 December 3813:4 December 3777:7 December 3705:5 December 3641:3 December 3615:3 December 3589:1 December 3563:1 December 3500:3 December 3474:3 December 3445:8 December 3413:8 December 3326:5 December 3296:5 December 3265:1 December 3232:6 December 3202:6 December 3172:3 December 3143:1 December 3120:3 December 3089:4 December 3062:6 December 3032:6 December 3006:4 December 2976:4 December 2951:4 December 2929:1 December 2872:1 December 2846:4 December 2815:4 December 2779:4 December 2744:5 December 2715:5 December 2674:3 December 2646:3 December 2615:References 2073:Portuguesa 1193:Anzoátegui 1110:Proposal A 1045:16,109,664 1000:Registered 629:Minister: 559:Regional: 5660:Protests 5506:Identidad 5400:Elections 3753:Bloomberg 2564:Aftermath 2467:Reactions 1071:9,044,960 1062:4,539,707 1056:4,360,014 1042:9,045,275 1033:4,521,494 1027:4,404,626 867:Venezuela 861:arose in 489:Elections 454:Governors 418:Judiciary 392:President 339:President 333:Executive 209:socialist 193:Venezuela 5563:Chavismo 5531:Robinson 5218:Category 5032:Chavismo 3727:El Mundo 3662:Archived 3375:Stratfor 3347:Stratfor 3166:BBC News 3052:PinkNews 3000:BBC News 2984:CBS News 2923:BBC News 2902:Archived 2866:BBC News 2840:BBC News 2588:provoke! 2513:Mercosur 2459:Source: 2238:Trujillo 1468:Carabobo 1138:Amazonas 1079:Source: 1053:Option B 1024:Option A 1005:Turnout 992:Invalid/ 989:Against 949:moderate 889:Belgrade 845:Campaign 784:abolish 663:Passport 304:Abortion 227:Proposal 5516:Miranda 5501:Habitat 5311:teleSUR 5168:teleSUR 4067:Reuters 3771:El País 3382:3 March 3354:3 March 2447:626,850 2432:624,790 2418:467,958 2409:472,462 2348:Yaracuy 2262:138,935 2247:139,657 2227:227,379 2212:227,156 2198:168,024 2189:169,171 2183:Táchira 2175:120,472 2166:120,214 2152:124,818 2137:125,494 2120:100,013 2097:168,025 2082:169,499 2010:116,894 2001:116,532 1987:159,079 1972:160,096 1963:Monagas 1952:544,717 1937:542,799 1923:416,797 1914:422,811 1908:Miranda 1897:160,681 1882:160,657 1868:132,355 1859:132,979 1842:298,658 1827:296,603 1813:281,262 1804:284,726 1767:131,586 1752:132,490 1743:Guárico 1732:135,983 1720:135,337 1709:134,710 1697:136,038 1677:435,627 1662:432,251 1648:388,757 1639:392,489 1523:Cojedes 1512:412,337 1497:411,622 1483:363,825 1474:367,532 1460:182,414 1451:181,929 1437:200,843 1422:202,767 1413:Bolívar 1382:117,440 1367:118,198 1358:Barinas 1350:290,095 1341:288,897 1327:321,586 1312:324,745 1237:247,124 1222:246,657 1208:205,048 1199:206,826 1068:145,239 1039:119,155 1002:voters 983:Option 956:Results 863:Caracas 773:Podemos 764:Podemos 444:Regions 368:Cabinet 163:  159:Against 150:  104:  100:Against 91:  5551:Zamora 5511:Mercal 5273:Tenure 3734:21 May 2421:42.74 2398:47.92 2395:89,074 2386:88,647 2372:96,778 2357:97,736 2343:44.34 2340:53,830 2331:53,465 2317:67,555 2302:68,629 2293:Vargas 2288:38.01 2285:85,215 2276:85,011 2201:42.49 2178:49.11 2123:37.31 2111:99,207 2062:88,862 2047:88,799 2036:43.74 2033:69,106 2024:69,495 2013:42.35 1926:43.30 1871:45.16 1853:Mérida 1816:48.50 1793:41.87 1790:94,796 1781:94,539 1712:49.76 1688:Falcón 1651:47.15 1628:39.28 1625:18,308 1616:18,251 1602:28,299 1587:28,505 1573:39.35 1570:42,012 1561:41,914 1547:64,736 1532:65,210 1486:46.87 1463:47.59 1408:44.31 1405:93,468 1396:93,166 1353:47.42 1303:Aragua 1298:39.00 1295:45,022 1286:44,936 1272:70,392 1257:70,761 1211:45.34 1188:42.05 1185:12,501 1176:10,971 1162:17,222 1147:21,076 1127:Option 1118:Option 1074:56.15 1048:56.05 1016:Votes 1010:Votes 997:Total 994:blank 449:States 309:Labour 167:51.01% 154:48.99% 108:50.65% 95:49.35% 5673:2007 5536:Sucre 5526:Ribas 5099:Image 4133:. NPR 4096:. NPR 2809:(PDF) 2798:(PDF) 2695:Gould 2463:(CNE) 2452:57.25 2437:56.94 2412:43.05 2403:Zulia 2389:47.56 2377:52.07 2362:52.43 2334:43.79 2322:55.65 2307:56.21 2279:37.83 2267:61.98 2252:62.16 2232:57.50 2217:57.31 2192:42.68 2169:48.92 2157:50.88 2142:51.07 2128:Sucre 2114:36.92 2102:62.68 2087:63.08 2067:56.25 2052:56.09 2027:43.90 2004:42.12 1992:57.64 1977:57.87 1957:56.65 1942:56.21 1917:43.78 1902:54.83 1887:54.71 1862:45.28 1847:51.50 1832:51.02 1807:48.97 1784:41.64 1772:58.12 1757:58.35 1737:50.23 1723:49.87 1702:50.12 1682:52.84 1667:52.41 1642:47.58 1619:39.03 1607:60.71 1592:60.96 1564:39.12 1552:60.64 1537:60.87 1517:53.12 1502:52.82 1477:47.17 1454:47.29 1442:52.40 1427:52.70 1399:44.07 1387:55.68 1372:55.92 1344:47.07 1332:52.57 1317:52.92 1289:38.83 1277:60.99 1262:61.16 1248:Apure 1242:54.65 1227:54.39 1202:45.60 1179:34.23 1167:57.94 1152:65.76 1130:Votes 1121:Votes 1107:State 1065:51.01 1059:48.99 1036:50.65 1030:49.35 885:Otpor 197:amend 5677:RCTV 5669:2004 5664:2002 5521:Piar 4979:RCTV 4835:45th 4784:2023 4779:2020 4774:2017 4769:2009 4764:2007 4759:2004 4754:2000 4739:1957 4723:2017 4718:1999 4713:1961 4708:1952 4703:1946 4698:1936 4693:1931 4688:1928 4683:1925 4678:1922 4673:1914 4668:1909 4663:1904 4658:1901 4653:1893 4648:1891 4643:1881 4638:1874 4633:1864 4628:1858 4623:1857 4618:1830 4613:1821 4608:1819 4603:1811 4587:2021 4582:2018 4577:2017 4572:2013 4564:1948 4546:2021 4541:2017 4536:2012 4531:2008 4526:2004 4521:2000 4516:1998 4511:1995 4506:1992 4501:1989 4483:2025 4478:2020 4473:2015 4468:2010 4463:2005 4458:2000 4453:1998 4448:1993 4443:1988 4438:1983 4433:1978 4428:1973 4423:1968 4418:1963 4413:1958 4408:1947 4403:1941 4398:1936 4393:1931 4388:1929 4383:1922 4378:1898 4373:1894 4368:1890 4363:1888 4358:1882 4353:1877 4348:1873 4343:1863 4338:1859 4333:1856 4328:1853 4323:1850 4318:1847 4313:1844 4308:1841 4303:1838 4298:1835 4293:1832 4275:2024 4270:2018 4265:2013 4260:2012 4255:2006 4250:2000 4245:1998 4240:1993 4235:1988 4230:1983 4225:1978 4220:1973 4215:1968 4210:1963 4205:1958 4200:1947 4139:2007 4122:2007 4102:2007 4075:2008 4047:2007 4021:2007 3995:2007 3962:2007 3939:2007 3907:2007 3877:2008 3847:2007 3815:2007 3779:2007 3736:2008 3707:2007 3643:2007 3617:2007 3591:2007 3565:2007 3502:2007 3476:2007 3447:2007 3415:2007 3384:2024 3356:2024 3328:2007 3298:2007 3267:2007 3234:2007 3204:2007 3174:2007 3145:2007 3122:2007 3091:2007 3064:2007 3034:2007 3008:2007 2978:2007 2953:2007 2931:2007 2874:2007 2848:2007 2817:2007 2781:2007 2746:2007 2717:2007 2704:Time 2676:2007 2648:2007 2544:The 2497:, a 1798:Lara 986:For 879:The 635:list 600:2017 595:2009 583:2018 578:2017 566:2021 561:2017 549:2017 544:1999 532:2020 527:2015 514:2024 508:2018 343:list 5263:of 4568:... 2415:Yes 2406:Yes 2367:Yes 2352:Yes 2312:Yes 2297:Yes 2257:Yes 2242:Yes 2195:Yes 2186:Yes 2147:Yes 2132:Yes 2092:Yes 2077:Yes 2030:Yes 2021:Yes 1982:Yes 1967:Yes 1920:Yes 1911:Yes 1865:Yes 1856:Yes 1810:Yes 1801:Yes 1762:Yes 1747:Yes 1706:Yes 1692:Yes 1645:Yes 1636:Yes 1597:Yes 1582:Yes 1542:Yes 1527:Yes 1480:Yes 1471:Yes 1432:Yes 1417:Yes 1377:Yes 1362:Yes 1322:Yes 1307:Yes 1267:Yes 1252:Yes 1205:Yes 1196:Yes 1157:Yes 1142:Yes 923:CIA 299:Law 264:Law 218:. 146:For 87:For 5703:: 4113:. 4064:. 3981:. 3970:^ 3923:. 3893:. 3863:. 3831:. 3801:. 3787:^ 3676:^ 3551:. 3528:^ 3518:. 3493:. 3467:. 3431:. 3405:. 3386:. 3372:. 3344:. 3314:. 3284:. 3258:. 3242:^ 3190:. 3164:. 3153:^ 3108:. 3050:. 3024:. 2998:. 2961:^ 2921:. 2864:. 2838:. 2825:^ 2754:^ 2737:. 2725:^ 2701:. 2684:^ 2656:^ 2639:. 2623:^ 2520:, 2493:. 2442:No 2427:No 2392:No 2383:No 2337:No 2328:No 2282:No 2273:No 2222:No 2207:No 2172:No 2163:No 2117:No 2108:No 2057:No 2042:No 2007:No 1998:No 1947:No 1932:No 1892:No 1877:No 1837:No 1822:No 1787:No 1778:No 1727:No 1717:No 1672:No 1657:No 1622:No 1613:No 1567:No 1558:No 1507:No 1492:No 1457:No 1448:No 1402:No 1393:No 1347:No 1338:No 1292:No 1283:No 1232:No 1217:No 1182:No 1173:No 1133:% 1019:% 1013:% 865:, 648:/ 394:: 345:) 5253:e 5246:t 5239:v 4818:e 4811:t 4804:v 4169:e 4162:t 4155:v 4141:. 4124:. 4104:. 4077:. 4049:. 4023:. 3997:. 3964:. 3941:. 3909:. 3879:. 3849:. 3817:. 3781:. 3738:. 3709:. 3645:. 3619:. 3593:. 3567:. 3504:. 3478:. 3449:. 3417:. 3358:. 3330:. 3300:. 3269:. 3236:. 3206:. 3176:. 3147:. 3124:. 3093:. 3066:. 3036:. 3010:. 2980:. 2955:. 2933:. 2876:. 2850:. 2819:. 2783:. 2748:. 2719:. 2678:. 2650:. 1124:% 840:. 798:, 733:e 726:t 719:v 637:) 633:( 341:(

Index


Venezuela
amend
1999 Constitution
Hugo Chávez
socialist
nine-year presidency
University student protests
Politics of Venezuela

Constitution
Constitutions of States
Human rights
LGBT rights
Law
Abortion
Labour
Nationality
Capital punishment
President
list
Nicolás Maduro
Vice President
Delcy Rodríguez
Cabinet
National Assembly
President
Dinorah Figuera
Jorge Rodríguez
Supreme Tribunal of Justice

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