2018 British Columbia electoral reform referendum

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was also considerably higher for Liberal party voters (94% vs. 85% for NDP voters). Another group that voted in the majority for proportional representation were young people ages 18 to 35. However, turnout rates in the exit poll sample were lower for this cohort (65% for youth aged 18–24a and 73% for ages 25–34, compared to a high of 92% for those aged 65 and above). Multivariate regression analysis of results by riding identified more detailed results by age and political stance: young Liberals strongly opted for the status quo along with their peers, and young Greens voted strongly for proportional representation; however, among NDP supporters, there was a split, with young people voting more strongly for proportional representation than older groups.

1008:

back to the first-past-the-post electoral system. On October 2, 2018, the government introduced legislation to enact the requirement for this second referendum into law. If a change from the first-past-the-post system had been adopted in 2018, the bill would have required a second referendum on electoral reform to occur within 13 months of the second provincial general election held under the chosen proportional representation voting system (no later than November 30, 2026). As voters decided to keep the existing first-past-the-post system, this second referendum will not take place.

798:(STV) approach would be used in multi-member districts but left that as a possibility. The hybrid approach taken by rural–urban proportional reflects lessons learned from previous attempts to pass electoral reform. Also worth noting is that a rural–urban dichotomy of a sort has been tried in Canada before. From the 1920s to the 1950s, the provinces of Alberta and Manitoba used a hybrid rural–urban system where STV was used in large cities Calgary, Edmonton and Winnipeg) and the 30: 787: 396:, in which voters were asked whether the province should adopt the recommendation of the Assembly to replace the first-past-the-post electoral system with BC-STV, or maintain the current system. While 57.7% of the electorate voted in favour of BC-STV, including a majority of voters in 77 of 79 ridings, its support failed to reach the 60% threshold set by the government and it was not adopted. 660:. The first seat in every district is awarded to the candidate who receives the most votes, similar to first-past-the-post voting. The second seat is awarded to one of the remaining district candidates so that proportionality is achieved across the region, using a calculation that aims to award parties their seats in the districts where they had their strongest performances. 810:

candidates running for the same party. Voters can rank long-shot independent candidates or candidates from unpopular parties first without fear of wasting their vote because votes for badly performing candidates are transferred to another candidate during counting, based on the voter's next preference, until all of the seats have been won.

380:, in which the BC New Democratic Party won reelection as a majority government with 39.5% of the vote and 39 seats, despite gaining a 3% smaller share of the popular vote than the Liberals at 41.8%, which translated into 33 Liberal seats. In December 2004, the Assembly released its report recommending that the province adopt 352:, then it reestablished the previous mix of "at-large" (block voting) and first-past-the-post voting. FPTP was brought into use across the province in 1991, after the last "at-large" (multi-member) voting districts were abolished due to a Supreme Court of Canada ruling that found them unconstitutional. 1621:

An exit poll conducted by ResearchCo provided information on why people voted the way they did. The poll showed that many of those who voted "No" shared democratic values associated with support for proportional representation. According to the poll, majorities of British Columbians polled endorsed:

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Per the Electoral Reform Referendum 2018 Regulation, STV rules were in effect to find the winner in Question 2 (although the question was moot as no electoral reform would take place as per the result of Question 1). Thus, when no system won a majority of first preferences, a second round of counting

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On November 23, 2018, due to a postal strike, Elections BC extended the voting period mailing deadline by a week – from November 30, 2018, to December 7, 2018. The deadline to register to vote remained midnight on November 23, 2018. Voters who were sent a voting package but did not receive it, or who

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Voters were asked two questions in the referendum. The first revolved around what electoral system should be used to determine election results: the existing first-past-the-post system or a proportional representation system. The second question explored what type of proportional voting system should

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On June 28, 2018, the Independent Contractors and Business Association (ICBA)—a lobby group for the construction industry— filed a lawsuit seeking an injunction to stop the referendum, or alternatively, to strike down the campaign financing rules governing the referendum. The lawsuit contains various

511:

conducted a public consultation entitled "How We Vote". On May 30, 2018, he released the report on the consultation and recommendations concerning how the referendum process should be conducted. Cabinet accepted the recommendations shortly thereafter, in early June. Later in June, Vote PR BC launched

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campaigned on the promise that it would be the last federal election under the first-past-the-post electoral system. The party's platform stated that a Liberal government would form an all-party Parliamentary committee, and introduce legislation within 18 months enacting electoral reform. On December

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The ResearchCo exit poll indicated that people voted very much along partisan lines. Supporters of the BC Liberals and Conservatives voted for the status quo (87% and 84% respectively), while NDP and Green Party supporters favoured proportional representation (62% and 65% respectively). The turnout

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If a form of proportional representation had been adopted, the government had also committed to holding a further confirming referendum after two general elections. Voters in that future referendum would have had the option of maintaining the form of proportional representation adopted or switching

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would have determined the number and location of new electoral districts. A legislative committee would have been tasked with determining whether the number of members of the Legislative Assembly should increase, and if so by how many (to a maximum of an additional eight). Some other aspects of how

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However, the rural–urban option put forward in the BC referendum differed significantly from the rural–urban majoritarian system used in Alberta and Manitoba. What was put forward, instead, was the use of different models altogether in rural and urban areas: mixed-member proportional representation

343:

Over its history, BC modified its electoral system at least 15 times without a referendum. These reforms usually changed the number of seats or districts, but there have been changes to the voting system used as well. From the start, BC used a mixed system of block voting and FPTP, then it used the

818:

The official campaign began July 1, 2018. Groups had until July 6 to apply to Elections BC to be named the official proponent or opponent groups and receive $ 500,000 in public funding. On July 12, Elections BC announced that Vote PR BC would be the official proponent group and No BC Proportional

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Of the three options put forward by the government, this version of rural–urban was the only one allowing voters to rank individual candidates in order of preference using STV in urban and semi-urban areas. Under STV, all candidates must compete with one another for enough votes to win, including

767:

To ensure a high level of proportionality overall, RUP also allows for a limited number of regional top-up seats. An advantage of this approach, compared to MMP, is that it requires fewer top-up seats to achieve proportionality. Under Fair Vote Canada's RUP, no more than 10 to 15 percent of seats

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advising that in his view both questions were simple and clear enough for voters to understand. He also made recommendations for small changes to the questions. On June 22, 2018, the government released the regulations governing the referendum. The regulations adopted the changes to the question

853:

In early November, Horgan announced that he had cast his ballot for proportional representation, and that his first choice was MMP. Vote PR BC, the official proponent group, flew Andrew Coyne to Vancouver to give a talk endorsing PR, where Coyne announced he supported Rural–Urban Proportional.

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Elections BC mailed a referendum information card to every household in the province between September 10 and 28, and a voter's guide between October 15 and 26. Voters received their referendum voting package in the mail between October 22 and November 2. In early September, the members of the

763:

in 2016 as part of an effort to design a made-in-Canada voting system adapted to Canada's geography of wide open spaces. Fair Vote Canada's RUP is based on multi-member districts of variable size, featuring more seats per district in urban areas and fewer seats in rural areas, including some

551:

On July 24, ICBA filed an application seeking an interim injunction to halt campaign financing rules and prevent ballots from being counted. The application was heard by Justice Gropper on August 7. In her decision handed down several weeks later, she dismissed the application calling ICBA's

282:. 61.3 percent of voters supported maintaining the first-past-the-post voting system rather than switching to a proportional representation voting system, which was supported by 38.7 percent of voters. This was British Columbia's third referendum on electoral reform, following ones in 683:), the intent behind DMP was to gain broader acceptance by retaining salient features of first-past-the-post voting. These features include a one-vote ballot, relatively small districts (compared with STV), and a single tier of local representatives (in contrast to MMP). 1424:

was required for Question 2. RUP had the fewest first preferences, so it was eliminated and its votes were transferred to the second preferences marked on the ballots. In the second count, the mixed-member proportional voting system had the most support on Question 2.

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called the lawsuit an attempt to stop people from having a choice in their electoral system, and said ICBA does not want "ordinary people to have a stronger voice in the elections and I think they're desperate to hang on to the status quo". The

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agreement. The agreement included a section on PR, in which the parties agreed to put the issue to a referendum and that both parties would actively campaign for PR in the referendum. On June 22, 2017, the Liberal government tabled its

3265: 2500: 603:

Question 2: If British Columbia adopts a proportional representation voting system, which of the following voting systems do you prefer? (Rank in order of preference. You may choose to support one, two or all three of the systems.)

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allegations about the referendum "rhetoric", "conjecture" and "exaggeration". In mid-September, the ICBA announced that they would be seeking leave to appeal Justice Gropper's ruling on the interim injunction. That same month, the

444:

released its report recommending Canada hold a referendum to adopt a proportional representation voting system for federal elections. Several months later, the government announced that it was no longer pursuing electoral reform.

806:(MMP) in rural areas and STV in urban and semi-urban areas. This would allow rural areas to retain single-member districts using the MMP approach, while allowing for multi-member districts using STV in the rest of the province. 703:, and one for a political party. Seats in the legislature are filled firstly by candidates in local ridings, and secondly, by party candidates based on the percentage of nationwide or region-wide votes that each party received. 998:

The government had plans for the required next steps had proportional representation passed. However, as it did not pass, the government did not implement any of these. Had a proportional system been adopted, the independent

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on May 12, 2009. It was the most recent referendum on electoral reform that has been held in British Columbia. As in 2005, voters in 2009 were asked to provide their opinions on the BC-STV electoral system proposed by the

837:

launched the NDP's referendum campaign in early September, saying "Proportional representation means exactly what it says. Whatever proportion, or share, of the vote a party wins, they get that many seats in government."

819:

Representation Society would be the official opponent group. Other individuals, groups and political parties were permitted to register as referendum advertisers with Elections BC but were not eligible for public funds.

2439: 4393: 3123: 2296: 2677: 3900: 4711: 3024: 2859: 4230: 3090: 3454: 441: 336:). This is the way city councillors are elected in BC to this day: a voter gets as many votes as there are seats to be filled in the riding. Outside the multi-seat districts, seats were filled through 4571:"Hi Doug – Yes, completed voting packages received by Elections BC by mail or in person at a Referendum Service Office or Service BC Centre by 4:30 p.m. on December 7, 2018 were accepted for counting" 301:(PR) system; and second, what type of proportional voting system should be used if PR were chosen. In the second question, voters were asked to rank three proportional representation voting systems: 2359: 2039: 3176: 3639: 1866: 409: 369: 4482: 2780: 2329: 4263: 912: 553: 4008: 4958: 2507: 790:

Simplified example of an STV ranked ballot used in an urban or semi-urban area under rural–urban proportional. A ranked ballot lets voters rank individual candidates in order of preference.

3255: 2472: 768:

would need to be set aside as top-up seats to achieve a high level of proportionality, because the results from existing multi-member districts would already be relatively proportional.

4166: 519: 2260: 5622: 2991: 2958: 332:

BC has a long history of changing its electoral system. For BC's first election in 1871, the majority of ridings were elected using an "at large" system (multi-seat districts using

4197: 3498: 2579: 1336:

The existing first-past-the-post voting system received a majority of votes with 61.30% (845,235) of the valid votes for Question 1. As a result, no electoral reform was approved.

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The referendum asked voters to rank three proportional representation voting systems in order of preference. Voters ranked one, two, or all three systems. The three systems were:

4893: 4074: 723: 719: 676: 3703: 2710: 5265: 3298: 862:

In late September, Andrew Wilkinson challenged John Horgan to a debate concerning the referendum, a challenge which Horgan accepted. The debate took place on November 8 at 7:00

4135: 4360: 2429: 2170: 2070: 4383: 416:. British Columbians were asked which electoral system should be used to elect legislators: the existing first-past-the-post electoral system or the proposed BC-STV system. 5145:

Elections BC announced the results Thursday, saying 61.3 per cent of ballots had been cast in favour of the status quo, while proportional representation got 38.7 per cent.

3113: 5627: 5132: 5099: 3209: 3057: 3670: 5637: 5632: 400: 389: 287: 283: 4416:"Tomorrow noted political commentator @ACoyne joins us for a lively discussion on Pro Rep. Are you planning on taking part? RSVP here to attend: #PR4BC #ProRep #BCPoli" 2286: 5308: 5303: 2667: 2644: 1000: 2392: 3334: 2546: 5708: 4701: 4678: 4294: 3890: 2849: 2101: 1328:

A total of 1,391,423 ballots were considered. There were 1,378,753 valid votes for Question 1, and 831,760 valid votes for Question 2. 2,461 ballots were rejected.

320:(NDP) during the 2017 election. Their platform promised a referendum and that the government would actively campaign for electoral reform. Results were released by 219: 3014: 548:, in order to allow the government time to respond. Following the hearing, ICBA's lawyer, Peter Gall, told reporters ICBA would be seeking an interim injunction. 4220: 2820: 1812: 1841: 5057: 3532: 3080: 2892: 4992: 4515: 3975: 3608: 3432: 2230: 5173: 5157: 3736: 3392: 755: 640: 585: 310: 5176:." Mario Canseco and Researchco, December 21, 2018. Retrieved June 26, 2023. Percentages calculated from Table 1, using data for respondents who had voted. 3565: 2746: 1910: 1645:

When presented with a number of potential reasons for having voted "No", respondents identified a range of reasons, including the following top responses:

3867: 2002: 5642: 5274: 4423: 2351: 2035: 990:

pm on December 7, 2018, but which had not been physically transferred to Elections BC's counting centre, would be accepted and counted as valid ballots.

4645: 4446: 3462: 3369: 477:, adopting the opposition parties' policy to hold a third referendum on electoral reform. On June 29, 2017, the BC Liberal government was defeated in a 3166: 5566: 5561: 5556: 5551: 5546: 5541: 3631: 4472: 2772: 2319: 1780: 1704: 5698: 5298: 5293: 5258: 4253: 2355: 978:

need a replacement voting package, could request a replacement package up to December 7. All ballots must have been received by Elections BC by 4:30

827: 711: 680: 634: 581: 413: 306: 461:

campaigned for PR and included the policy in their election platforms. On May 29, 2017, approximately three weeks after the election resulted in a

5693: 3998: 577: 482: 302: 4951: 2462: 2134: 4771: 3569: 5688: 5524: 5518: 5513: 5508: 5503: 5498: 5493: 5488: 5483: 5478: 5473: 5468: 5463: 5458: 5453: 5448: 5443: 5438: 5433: 5428: 5423: 5418: 5413: 5408: 5403: 5398: 5393: 5388: 5383: 5378: 5373: 5368: 5363: 5358: 5353: 5348: 5343: 5338: 5333: 5328: 5323: 5318: 5313: 4544: 454: 404: 393: 377: 361: 349: 5659: 5617: 3939: 493: 419:

The adoption of BC-STV in the 2009 referendum was defeated, with 60.9% voting against the reform and 39.09% of voters supporting the change.

317: 5703: 1870: 538: 505: 4929: 2948: 2253: 986:, Elections BC clarified that ballots received by Elections BC's Referendum Service Offices or Service BC Centres up to and including 4:30 2981: 2569: 1427:

Question 2: If British Columbia adopts a proportional representation voting system, which of the following voting systems do you prefer?

5602: 5582: 5251: 4612: 4189: 4096: 4030: 3488: 926: 907: 672: 275: 5607: 4327: 1943: 4882: 4824:"One year later: British Columbians mixed on NDP's performance, but support its housing affordability policies - Angus Reid Institute" 4064: 2700: 1149:

Question: "Based on how you feel right now, if you were to receive a voting package, which way would you vote on the first question?"

5199: 3693: 5678: 3288: 3152: 1745: 5587: 5186: 5018: 4860: 4352: 4127: 2062: 2609: 2160: 1976: 1283:

Percentage breakdown shows preference among decided voters; 54% of people polled report being undecided on which system to choose.

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Dual-member proportional is an electoral system designed to produce proportional election results across a region by electing two

5612: 5597: 5592: 3770: 3238: 847: 734: 564: 5124: 5088: 3807: 882:

Official campaign organizations included the official proponent and opponent groups along with referendum advertising sponsors.

4158: 3662: 3199: 3047: 730: 458: 5288: 4794:"Site C: By margin of two-to-one, BC residents say province made the right call to finish dam project – Angus Reid Institute" 628: 545: 462: 428: 365: 257: 2632: 667:

mathematics student named Sean Graham. The system was intended as a possible replacement for first-past-the-post voting in

4764:"British Columbians call on new provincial government to deliver electoral reform, energy projects – Angus Reid Institute" 2382: 764:

single-member districts in the most sparsely populated areas, hence the rural–urban distinction incorporated in the name.

671:. Whereas campaigns to adopt MMP representation or the single transferable vote had recently been defeated in a number of 563:

The appeal of Justice Gropper's judgement concerning the interim injunction was heard on November 2. Justice Fitch of the

3324: 2536: 2093: 4853:"Proportional Representation: BC residents split three ways over whether to change voting system – Angus Reid Institute" 4668: 4286: 293:

Voters were asked two questions: first, what electoral system should be used to determine election results—the existing

2809: 831: 298: 4741: 1838: 1809: 5049: 4827: 4984: 4504: 3598: 3520: 2882: 337: 4801: 3963: 3834: 3726: 3424: 2220: 544:

On July 17, 2018, ICBA's court application for an early trial date was dismissed by Justice Miriam Gropper of the

5683: 3399: 5220: 3554: 2733: 2197: 1903: 795: 742: 707: 385: 4415: 3857: 3357: 4635: 3858:"Minister 'disappointed' as electoral reform committee recommends referendum on proportional representation" 3458: 3148: 850:

voted in favour of job action. The strike resulted in Elections BC extending the voting deadline by a week.

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to investigate electoral reform, hold consultations, and prepare a report recommending whether a different

3234: 2922: 2324: 692: 518:

reviewed the referendum questions in June. On June 18, Chief Electoral Officer Anton Boegman wrote to the

333: 1773: 1697: 771:

In its scorecard of proportional voting systems, Fair Voting BC gave RUP its highest ranking. During the

3118: 2672: 1307:

RUP has large lead in interior BC. MMP and RUP tied on Vancouver Island. MMP leading in Metro Vancouver.

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be used if PR is chosen. This involved voters ranking three proportional representation voting systems:

478: 469: 345: 5225: 1023:

Question: "Based on what you know, please indicate which of these two broad options you prefer for BC"

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MLAs being elected from different parties in close proportion to how voters in each region voted (57%)

4574: 2123: 1147:

Multiple choice question allowing undecideds and opt-outs (options 3–5 will not be present on ballot)

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the new system would have worked would have also needed to be determined by a legislative committee.

776: 772: 715: 4763: 4702:"Legislation proposed for a confirming referendum if B.C. voters choose proportional representation" 4540: 3558: 592:

Question 1: Which system should British Columbia use for provincial elections? (Vote for only one.)

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should be adopted. The commitment was driven in part by the anomalous provincial election result in

2414: 668: 465: 294: 2501:"How We Vote 2018 Electoral Reform Referendum: Report and Recommendations of the Attorney General" 1877: 842:, BC Liberal leader, opposed the referendum and a change to a proportional representation system. 532:

complaints about the process, the referendum, and the systems on the ballot. In response, NDP MLA

5015:"Proportional Representation: BC residents split three ways over whether to change voting system" 4060: 3945: 3895: 3251: 3019: 2854: 2845: 2434: 2291: 2254:"2017 Confidence and Supply Agreement between the BC Green Caucus and the BC New Democrat Caucus" 2036:

Strengthening Democracy in Canada: Principles, Process and Public Engagement for Electoral Reform

931: 700: 657: 557: 488:

then invited the NDP to form a minority government with Green support. On November 30, 2017, the

5243: 4921: 1936: 3935: 2007: 1751: 1741: 1658:

The three options listed on the second question were confusing and not clearly explained (50%)

4104: 4038: 1325:

announced that 61.3% of ballots were cast to maintain the first-past-the-post voting system.

4600: 3927: 3795: 3758: 3361: 3114:"Judge quashes attempt to halt mailing of ballots for B.C.'s referendum on electoral reform" 839: 760: 373: 279: 267: 4669:"B.C. Government to legislate a second referendum on electoral reform if new system passes" 4319: 3727:"Why New Zealand's former prime minister believes proportional representation works better" 3599:"The electoral game: What would Ontario results look like under a different voting system?" 1629:

a party not holding majority power only if its candidates won a majority of the votes (70%)

830:, held town halls about electoral reform in cities across the province in July and August. 4985:"Too Close To Call: Exclusive poll: The referendum on electoral reform in BC is a toss-up" 4734:"Snap Election? Snap out of it, say majority of British Columbians – Angus Reid Institute" 3891:"BC's proportional representation voting system options include two that are lesser known" 2773:"Elections BC Just Blew a Giant Hole in the Big Money Campaign Attacking Electoral Reform" 823: 523:

proposed by the Chief Electoral Officer, and set down other rules governing the campaign.

512:

their campaign for proportional representation, canvassing in cities across the province.

4447:"Andrew Coyne: Which electoral system for B.C.? Any option is better than the status quo" 2320:"B.C. Throne Speech: Clark's Liberals Promise Electoral Reform Referendum, Sales Tax Cut" 5014: 1673:

that the referendum was "rushed” and missing a process of "broad public consultations".

1652:

The details of the three options on the second question were not fully fleshed out (52%)

4852: 4570: 2668:"Campaign to change B.C. voting system hits the streets, with Ontario election in mind" 1638:

voters being able to choose among different candidates from their preferred party (58%)

485: 432: 3081:"Judge refuses to stop B.C.'s referendum on proportional representation voting system" 2605: 1968: 5672: 4225: 3762: 3085: 3052: 2953: 2883:"B.C. lays out rules for fall referendum on changing the way politicians are elected" 2705: 2574: 2467: 533: 474: 271: 3799: 4608: 4566: 4384:"John Horgan: I voted for mixed-member proportional in electoral reform referendum" 4258: 3971: 3528: 3493: 3484: 3260: 2741: 2606:"Premier's statement on recommendations for proportional representation referendum" 1834: 1805: 1769: 1693: 1626:

being able to vote for one’s choice without worrying about splitting the vote (75%)

1322: 786: 515: 321: 3949: 3167:"ICBA seeking appeal on proportional representation referendum injunction request" 726:

on the issue during the 2019 provincial election and narrowly voted against MMP.

4673: 4640: 4003: 3204: 3171: 2887: 2640: 871: 834: 3999:"British Columbians will vote on our electoral system — Here are the 4 options" 1339:

Question 1: Which system should British Columbia use for provincial elections?

2850:"Electoral reform vote in B.C. includes $ 500,000 each for pro and con groups" 696: 653: 567:

dismissed the appeal, finding that there was no merit to the ICBA's argument.

4353:"Voting period for electoral reform referendum extended due to postal strike" 3924:

Elections in Australia, Ireland, and Malta under the Single Transferable Vote

1755: 541:

defended the legislation in court. The official campaign began July 1, 2018.

5160:." Mario Canseco and Researchco, December 21, 2018. Retrieved June 26, 2023. 3325:"Know your voting systems: three types of electoral reform on B.C.'s ballot" 3256:"Top B.C. court rejects group's attempt to stop electoral reform referendum" 2986: 1871:"Making Every Vote Count: The Case for Electoral Reform in British Columbia" 508: 3632:"P.E.I. plebiscite results favour mixed member proportional representation" 3015:"B.C. referendum campaign launches as groups file petition to stop process" 2463:"B.C. New Democrats invite public electoral reform vote; Liberals cry foul" 492:

was passed into law. It required the referendum to be held and authorized

4823: 4733: 4477: 4388: 4069: 3862: 3731: 3698: 3603: 3365: 3329: 3293: 2541: 2430:"B.C. NDP, Greens flex partnership with swath of new policy achievements" 2387: 2225: 2165: 867: 258:

Voting results for the 2018 Referendum on Electoral Reform - Elections BC

4473:"B.C. premier, opposition leader to face off in electoral reform debate" 4706: 4586: 4221:"Horgan selling positives of electoral change, but there are negatives" 3931: 2982:"ICBA, Union seek injunction on proportional representation referendum" 2161:"B.C. parties leave door open to electoral reform without a referendum" 983: 948: 5215: 4793: 4065:"Yes and No groups selected before B.C.'s electoral reform referendum" 3830: 3393:"Recommendations in Response to the White Paper on Democratic Renewal" 3200:"BCGEU joins legal fight over proportional representation referendum" 775:

2016 consultation on electoral reform at the federal level, both the

381: 2003:"B.C. electoral reform referendum includes two-part ballot question" 822:

The NDP and Green Party campaigned for proportional representation.

2193: 4254:"B.C. Liberals declare all-out war on proportional representation" 3289:"B.C. to choose between 4 systems for electoral reform referendum" 2063:"Trudeau abandons electoral reform, breaking key campaign promise" 982:

pm on December 7. In response to a question from a constituent on

785: 79:

Which system should British Columbia use for provincial elections?

3391:

PEI Special Committee on Democratic Renewal (November 27, 2015).

3358:

Dual-Member Mixed Proportional: A New Electoral System for Canada

2949:"Injunction sought to halt B.C. proportional representation vote" 1738:

The politics of voting : reforming Canada's electoral system

1632:

the voting system not disadvantaging independent candidates (70%)

2570:"New Zealand gives B.C. a lesson on proportional representation" 442:

House of Commons of Canada Special Committee on Electoral Reform

5247: 3455:

Canadian House of Commons Special Committee on Electoral Reform

2383:"NDP Leader John Horgan to be next premier of British Columbia" 5189:." Réal Lavergne. Jan. 18, 2019. Retrieved June 26, 2023. 4883:"National release tables – Angus Reid Survey September 9 2017" 2914: 5237: 4636:"B.C. cabinet confirms format of electoral reform referendum" 2701:"Canvassers take case for B.C. electoral reform to commuters" 710:

to be adopted for federal elections. In 2007, Ontario held a

675:(such as the 2005 and 2009 British Columbia referendums, the 2810:"Electoral Reform Referendum 2018 Regulation, Reg. 313/2018" 2537:"Eby Unveils Proposed Electoral Reform Referendum Questions" 1635:

a preference for almost all votes helping elect an MLA (64%)

733:

and Germany, and in the United Kingdom for elections to the

226: 2221:"B.C. Green Party agrees to support NDP in the legislature" 5174:

Confusion Influenced Referendum Voters in British Columbia

5158:

Confusion Influenced Referendum Voters in British Columbia

5089:"2018 Referendum on Electoral Reform – Provincial Results" 2034:

Special Committee on Electoral Reform (December 1, 2016).

5125:"B.C. votes to keep first-past-the-post electoral system" 5083: 5081: 5079: 5077: 5075: 4128:"Green Party MLA holding forum on Electoral Reform in PG" 2633:"B.C. cabinet approves multiple-choice voting referendum" 3048:"B.C. electoral system referendum foes lose first round" 913:

British Columbia Government and Service Employees' Union

554:

British Columbia Government and Service Employees' Union

5231: 5202:." Max Cameron. Oct. 14, 2020. Retrieved June 26, 2023. 4847: 4845: 1867:

British Columbia Citizens' Assembly on Electoral Reform

410:

British Columbia Citizen's Assembly on Electoral Reform

316:

The referendum fulfilled an election commitment by the

5044: 5042: 5040: 5038: 5036: 939:

Fraser Valley East Against Proportional Representation

3856:

Wherry, Aaron; Tasker, John Paul (December 1, 2016).

1937:"Statement of Votes – Referendum on Electoral Reform" 1904:"Statement of Votes – Referendum on Electoral Reform" 1661:

Smaller parties could hold the balance of power (49%)

942:

Green Party Political Association of British Columbia

399:

Following the 2005 referendum, British Columbia held

4916: 4914: 4287:"Voter registration push begins for B.C. referendum" 2921:. Independent Contractors and Business Association. 714:

to adopt the system, which failed to pass. In 2016,

5575: 5534: 5281: 4952:"BC Electoral Reform Vote Intention Release Tables" 3694:"Much-amended P.E.I. referendum legislation passes" 2734:"Letter to the Speaker of the Legislative Assembly" 2599: 2597: 894:

Opponent: No BC Proportional Representation Society

794:Fair Vote Canada's RUP did not specify whether the 96: 84: 5200:B.C.’s snap election reflects our electoral system 4159:"Green MLA Furstenau visits Nelson-Creston riding" 3597:Ouellet, Valérie; Dubinsky, Zach (June 16, 2018). 741:and Wales (where the system is referred to as the 412:to ensure more proportional representation in the 348:(in both single- and multi-seat districts) in the 2819:. Government of British Columbia. June 22, 2018. 2608:(Press release). Government of British Columbia. 1996: 1994: 1774:"Electoral History of British Columbia 1871–1986" 1698:"Electoral History of British Columbia 1871–1986" 1655:Fringe or extremist parties could win seats (51%) 695:in which voters get two votes: one to decide the 50:October 22 – December 7, 2018 22:2018 British Columbia electoral reform referendum 3592: 3590: 3566:Minister of Public Works and Government Services 3489:"Editorial: We endorse DMP option in plebiscite" 2506:. Government of British Columbia. Archived from 1876:. Government of British Columbia. Archived from 729:A form of MMP is used for national elections in 274:between October 22 and December 7, 2018, in the 4190:"Simons and Green MLAs discuss PR, cooperation" 2942: 2940: 2094:"Trudeau abandons promise for electoral reform" 3922:Bowler, Shaun; Grofman, Bernard, eds. (2000). 3790: 3788: 1649:MLAs might be appointed from party lists (52%) 1358:The current First Past the Post voting system 16:Referendum on British Columbia's voting system 5275:Elections and referendums in British Columbia 5259: 2804: 2802: 2800: 2798: 2494: 2492: 2490: 2029: 2027: 2025: 1161:The current first past the post voting system 595:The current First Past the Post voting system 8: 4922:"Mainstreet Research – BC UltraPoll Release" 4347: 4345: 3559:"Voting Counts: Electoral Reform for Canada" 1369:A proportional representation voting system 1164:A proportional representation voting system 1037:A new system of proportional representation 783:recommended Canada adopt either RUP or MMP. 403:on electoral reform in conjunction with the 21: 5168: 5166: 1688: 1686: 1170:Would not vote on this particular question 802:was used in single-member rural districts. 598:A proportional representation voting system 5266: 5252: 5244: 4314: 4312: 3318: 3316: 1861: 1859: 1740:. Toronto: Emond Montgomery Publications. 1173:Would ignore the voting package altogether 669:Canadian national and provincial elections 3663:"P.E.I. voters split on electoral reform" 2530: 2528: 1731: 1729: 1727: 1725: 620:Proportional voting systems on the ballot 504:Between November 2017 and February 2018, 224:Question 1 results by electoral district 2356:Legislative Assembly of British Columbia 2194:"Change You Can Count On: Platform 2017" 1429: 1341: 1238: 1151: 1025: 582:mixed-member proportional representation 307:mixed-member proportional representation 102: 5021:from the original on September 29, 2018 4932:from the original on September 10, 2020 4863:from the original on September 30, 2018 4830:from the original on September 29, 2018 4297:from the original on September 11, 2018 3212:from the original on September 29, 2018 3179:from the original on September 13, 2018 1682: 1040:The current first-past-the-post system 756:rural–urban proportional representation 586:rural–urban proportional representation 578:dual-member proportional representation 560:by the court, siding against the ICBA. 311:rural–urban proportional representation 303:dual-member proportional representation 5709:Electoral reform referendums in Canada 5135:from the original on December 21, 2018 5105:from the original on December 21, 2018 5060:from the original on December 20, 2018 4995:from the original on November 16, 2018 4547:from the original on February 24, 2021 4505:"2018 Referendum Advertising Sponsors" 4426:from the original on November 11, 2018 4363:from the original on November 23, 2018 4330:from the original on September 8, 2018 4266:from the original on September 8, 2018 4233:from the original on September 7, 2018 4200:from the original on September 8, 2018 4169:from the original on September 8, 2018 4138:from the original on September 8, 2018 3642:from the original on November 29, 2016 3198:Macdonald, Gord (September 28, 2018). 2862:from the original on November 11, 2018 2604:Office of the Premier (June 7, 2018). 1916:from the original on February 20, 2018 886:Official proponent and opponent groups 468:, the NDP and Green caucuses signed a 20: 5660:List of British Columbia by-elections 4964:from the original on October 23, 2018 4899:from the original on October 23, 2018 4804:from the original on October 23, 2018 4774:from the original on October 23, 2018 4744:from the original on October 23, 2018 4521:from the original on December 8, 2018 4485:from the original on October 30, 2018 4396:from the original on November 4, 2018 3829:Fair Voting BC (September 25, 2016). 3575:from the original on October 20, 2017 3372:from the original on December 4, 2020 3268:from the original on November 3, 2018 2428:Hunter, Justine (November 30, 2017). 2104:from the original on February 9, 2017 2073:from the original on February 5, 2017 920:British Columbia New Democratic Party 318:British Columbia New Democratic Party 7: 5221:Elections BC Referendum 2018 website 4714:from the original on October 4, 2018 4681:from the original on October 2, 2018 4667:Zussman, Richard (October 2, 2018). 4615:from the original on August 25, 2018 4601:"What happens after the referendum?" 4285:Fletcher, Tom (September 10, 2018). 4219:Palmer, Vaughn (September 7, 2018). 3978:from the original on August 21, 2018 3535:from the original on August 21, 2018 3435:from the original on August 21, 2018 3126:from the original on August 29, 2018 3093:from the original on August 29, 2018 2461:Meissner, Dirk (November 23, 2017). 2415:Electoral Reform Referendum 2018 Act 2299:from the original on August 13, 2017 706:In 2004, MMP was recommended by the 677:2005 Prince Edward Island referendum 490:Electoral Reform Referendum 2018 Act 3870:from the original on April 12, 2018 3673:from the original on April 24, 2019 3630:Bradley, Susan (November 8, 2016). 2442:from the original on April 18, 2018 1949:from the original on April 23, 2018 927:Communist Party of British Columbia 908:British Columbia Conservative Party 520:Speaker of the Legislative Assembly 4648:from the original on June 12, 2018 4514:. Elections BC. December 8, 2018. 4445:Coyne, Andrew (October 30, 2018). 4077:from the original on July 13, 2018 4011:from the original on June 15, 2018 3903:from the original on June 21, 2018 3810:from the original on July 24, 2018 3773:from the original on July 24, 2018 3739:from the original on June 30, 2018 3706:from the original on June 13, 2018 3611:from the original on June 18, 2018 3501:from the original on June 18, 2018 3465:from the original on June 18, 2018 3165:Yuzda, Liza (September 13, 2018). 3060:from the original on July 18, 2018 2961:from the original on June 29, 2018 2925:from the original on June 29, 2018 2895:from the original on June 23, 2018 2826:from the original on June 23, 2018 2783:from the original on June 20, 2018 2752:from the original on June 19, 2018 2713:from the original on June 12, 2018 2680:from the original on June 12, 2018 2647:from the original on June 12, 2018 2612:from the original on June 12, 2018 2549:from the original on June 12, 2018 2475:from the original on June 12, 2018 2395:from the original on June 30, 2017 2362:from the original on June 12, 2018 2332:from the original on June 12, 2018 2287:"The road ahead for B.C. politics" 2266:from the original on July 12, 2017 2200:from the original on June 12, 2018 2092:Smith, Joanna (February 1, 2017). 2042:from the original on April 8, 2017 1979:from the original on June 21, 2018 1844:from the original on June 26, 2018 1815:from the original on June 26, 2018 1786:from the original on June 13, 2011 1710:from the original on June 13, 2011 1617:Exit poll and statistical analysis 1001:BC Electoral Boundaries Commission 14: 4634:Zussman, Richard (June 7, 2018). 4188:Eckford, Sean (August 24, 2018). 3997:Zussman, Richard (May 30, 2018). 3837:from the original on July 4, 2018 3521:"Mixed Member Proportional (MMP)" 3337:from the original on June 3, 2018 3301:from the original on June 4, 2018 3079:Fraser, Keith (August 28, 2018). 3027:from the original on July 4, 2018 2994:from the original on July 1, 2018 2582:from the original on June 9, 2018 2233:from the original on June 5, 2018 2173:from the original on June 4, 2018 2140:from the original on May 10, 2017 1260: 1176: 1043: 923:Committee for Voting Equity in BC 392:was held in conjunction with the 388:(STV) system. On May 17, 2005, a 242: Proportional Representation 5216:How We Vote Consultation website 5187:BC Referendum Regression Results 5050:"2018 Referendum Voting Results" 3964:"Rural–Urban Proportional (RUP)" 3926:. University of Michigan Press. 3889:Dhillon, Sunny (June 17, 2018). 3725:Humphrey, Matt (June 25, 2018). 3425:"Dual Member Proportional (DMP)" 3323:McElroy, Justin (June 2, 2018). 3287:McElroy, Justin (May 30, 2018). 2980:Kretzel, Lasia (June 29, 2018). 2771:Press Progress (June 19, 2018). 2732:Boegman, Anton (June 18, 2018). 2666:Grauer, Perrin (June 10, 2018). 2535:MacLeod, Andrew (May 30, 2018). 2318:Meissner, Dirk (June 23, 2017). 2219:McElroy, Justin (May 29, 2017). 2038:(Report). Parliament of Canada. 1463:Mixed-Member Proportional (MMP) 1021:Referendum-style binary question 848:Canadian Union of Postal Workers 565:British Columbia Court of Appeal 539:Ministry of the Attorney General 423:Intervening federal developments 218: 28: 5699:Referendums in British Columbia 3661:Smith, Katie (April 23, 2019). 3112:Ball, David (August 28, 2018). 3013:Bains, Camille (July 1, 2018). 2881:Little, Simon (June 22, 2018). 2285:Hipolito, Chad (May 31, 2018). 2159:Omand, Geordon (May 18, 2017). 2001:Meissner, Dirk (May 30, 2018). 1503:Rural–Urban Proportional (RUP) 1483:Dual-Member Proportional (DMP) 956:Rural–Urban Proportional for BC 904:Asian Environmental Association 899:Referendum advertising sponsors 878:Official campaign organizations 691:Mixed-member proportional is a 610:Mixed-member proportional (MMP) 500:Consultation and implementation 414:provincial Legislative Assembly 384:, a BC-specific variant of the 5694:November 2018 events in Canada 4103:. Elections BC. Archived from 4037:. Elections BC. Archived from 3356:Graham, Sean (April 4, 2016). 3241:(British Columbia, Canada) 3155:(British Columbia, Canada) 3046:Mulgrew, Ian (July 18, 2018). 2947:Mulgrew, Ian (June 29, 2018). 2699:Ryan, Denise (June 10, 2018). 2631:Fletcher, Tom (June 7, 2018). 2568:Eagland, Nick (June 4, 2018). 2252:BC NDP Caucus (May 30, 2017). 917:British Columbia Liberal Party 777:New Democratic Party of Canada 749:Rural–urban proportional (RUP) 718:(PEI) voted to adopt MMP in a 663:DMP was invented in 2013 by a 648:Dual-member proportional (DMP) 613:Rural–urban proportional (RUP) 607:Dual-member proportional (DMP) 546:British Columbia Supreme Court 1: 5689:October 2018 events in Canada 4700:CHEK News (October 2, 2018). 4471:CBC News (October 30, 2018). 4382:CBC News (November 1, 2018). 4126:Slack, Jeff (July 19, 2018). 1935:Elections BC (May 12, 2009). 1902:Elections BC (May 17, 2005). 953:No Pro Rep Fraser Valley East 496:to make various regulations. 4252:Smyth, Mike (June 3, 2018). 968:YES or NO, Rural Urban First 571:Ballot structure and details 5704:Multiple-choice referendums 3763:"Mixed Member Proportional" 2499:Eby, David (May 30, 2018). 1975:. Liberal Party of Canada. 1839:"Electoral History of B.C." 1810:"Electoral History of B.C." 299:proportional representation 121:proportional representation 5725: 5234:– Official proponent group 3800:"Rural–Urban Proportional" 3692:CBC News (June 12, 2018). 1770:Elections British Columbia 1694:Elections British Columbia 1669:Max Cameron argued in the 449:Origin of third referendum 338:first-past-the-post voting 5656: 5240:– Official opponent group 4157:Staff (August 21, 2018). 4097:"2018 Referendum Funding" 4031:"2018 Referendum Funding" 3459:"Meeting No. 33 Evidence" 1600:Total ballots considered 1550: 1519:Total continuing ballots 1514: 1437: 1434: 1396: 1248:Mixed-Member Proportional 687:Mixed-member proportional 635:Mixed-member proportional 346:alternative voting system 254: 234: First Past the Post 217: 208: 193:Registered voters/turnout 113: 110: 101: 77: 42: 26: 5679:2018 in British Columbia 3555:Law Commission of Canada 2352:"Speech from the Throne" 1254:Dual Member Proportional 1251:Rural–Urban Proportional 866:pm. It was broadcast on 796:single transferable vote 743:Additional Member System 708:Law Commission of Canada 656:in each of the region's 641:Rural–urban proportional 629:Dual-member proportional 455:2017 provincial election 386:single transferable vote 362:2001 provincial election 350:1952 provincial election 5226:Official voting results 3231:ICBA v British Columbia 3145:ICBA v British Columbia 2637:The Chilliwack Progress 2192:BC Green Party (2017). 973:Voting period extension 945:KnowB4UVote.com Society 681:2007 Ontario referendum 457:, both the NDP and the 437:Liberal Party of Canada 368:committed to appoint a 164:Invalid or blank votes 5017:. September 28, 2018. 4859:. September 27, 2018. 4770:. September 25, 2017. 4320:"Referendum Resources" 3669:. Charlottetown, PEI. 3457:(September 29, 2016). 2325:Huffington Post Canada 2100:. The Canadian Press. 1736:Pilon, Dennis (2007). 1321:On December 20, 2018, 791: 720:non-binding referendum 699:for their single-seat 693:mixed electoral system 334:plurality block voting 324:on December 20, 2018. 5131:. December 20, 2018. 5098:. December 20, 2018. 5056:. December 20, 2018. 4569:(December 14, 2018). 4543:. December 12, 2016. 4359:. November 23, 2018. 1167:Undecided / Not sure 1034:Last date of polling 994:Post-referendum plans 891:Proponent: Vote PR BC 789: 781:Green Party of Canada 773:Canadian government's 712:provincial referendum 665:University of Alberta 470:supply and confidence 429:2015 federal election 394:2005 general election 4928:. November 8, 2018. 4857:Angus Reid Institute 4800:. January 11, 2018. 4798:Angus Reid Institute 4768:Angus Reid Institute 4738:Angus Reid Institute 4422:. October 24, 2018. 4132:My Prince George Now 3487:(October 29, 2016). 3366:10.7939/r3-qppp-b676 3254:(November 2, 2018). 1779:. pp. 231–232. 1245:Last date of polling 1158:Last date of polling 759:(RUP) was coined by 735:devolved parliaments 716:Prince Edward Island 356:Previous referendums 5535:Municipal elections 5228:– from Elections BC 2673:StarMetro Vancouver 1343: 1291:Mainstreet Research 1117:September 17, 2018 1069:September 26, 2017 1027: 936:Fair Vote Canada BC 483:Lieutenant Governor 466:minority government 405:provincial election 401:a second referendum 297:(FPTP) system or a 295:first-past-the-post 136:First Past the Post 90:First Past the Post 23: 4061:The Canadian Press 3950:10.3998/mpub.16507 3932:10.3998/mpub.16507 3896:The Globe and Mail 3833:. Fair Voting BC. 3405:on August 22, 2016 3252:The Canadian Press 3119:The Star Vancouver 3020:The Globe and Mail 2855:The Globe and Mail 2846:The Canadian Press 2513:on August 31, 2018 2435:The Globe and Mail 2418:, SBC 2017, c. 22 2292:The Globe and Mail 2067:The Globe and Mail 1969:"Electoral reform" 1555:Total valid votes 1539:Exhausted ballots 1380:Total valid votes 1342: 1270:September 28, 2018 1186:September 18, 2018 1085:December 31, 2017 1026: 932:Dogwood Initiative 792: 724:another referendum 673:Canadian provinces 370:Citizens' Assembly 5666: 5665: 5282:General elections 4989:Too Close To Call 4740:. June 17, 2017. 4063:(July 12, 2018). 3941:978-0-472-11159-6 2848:(June 22, 2018). 2381:McElroy, Justin. 2358:. June 22, 2017. 2008:The National Post 1869:(December 2004). 1614: 1613: 1585:Rejected ballots 1416: 1415: 1401:Rejected ballots 1314: 1313: 1232: 1231: 1211:November 6, 2018 1145: 1144: 1133:November 8, 2018 558:intervenor status 276:Canadian province 264: 263: 248: 247: 204: 203: 68: 67: 5716: 5684:2018 referendums 5268: 5261: 5254: 5245: 5203: 5196: 5190: 5183: 5177: 5170: 5161: 5154: 5148: 5147: 5142: 5140: 5121: 5115: 5114: 5112: 5110: 5104: 5093: 5085: 5070: 5069: 5067: 5065: 5046: 5031: 5030: 5028: 5026: 5011: 5005: 5004: 5002: 5000: 4983:Breguet, Bryan. 4980: 4974: 4973: 4971: 4969: 4963: 4956: 4948: 4942: 4941: 4939: 4937: 4918: 4909: 4908: 4906: 4904: 4898: 4887: 4879: 4873: 4872: 4870: 4868: 4849: 4840: 4839: 4837: 4835: 4820: 4814: 4813: 4811: 4809: 4790: 4784: 4783: 4781: 4779: 4760: 4754: 4753: 4751: 4749: 4730: 4724: 4723: 4721: 4719: 4697: 4691: 4690: 4688: 4686: 4664: 4658: 4657: 4655: 4653: 4631: 4625: 4624: 4622: 4620: 4597: 4591: 4590: 4584: 4582: 4563: 4557: 4556: 4554: 4552: 4537: 4531: 4530: 4528: 4526: 4520: 4509: 4501: 4495: 4494: 4492: 4490: 4468: 4462: 4461: 4459: 4457: 4442: 4436: 4435: 4433: 4431: 4412: 4406: 4405: 4403: 4401: 4379: 4373: 4372: 4370: 4368: 4349: 4340: 4339: 4337: 4335: 4326:. Elections BC. 4316: 4307: 4306: 4304: 4302: 4282: 4276: 4275: 4273: 4271: 4249: 4243: 4242: 4240: 4238: 4216: 4210: 4209: 4207: 4205: 4185: 4179: 4178: 4176: 4174: 4154: 4148: 4147: 4145: 4143: 4123: 4117: 4116: 4114: 4112: 4107:on June 27, 2018 4093: 4087: 4086: 4084: 4082: 4057: 4051: 4050: 4048: 4046: 4041:on June 27, 2018 4027: 4021: 4020: 4018: 4016: 3994: 3988: 3987: 3985: 3983: 3960: 3954: 3953: 3919: 3913: 3912: 3910: 3908: 3886: 3880: 3879: 3877: 3875: 3853: 3847: 3846: 3844: 3842: 3826: 3820: 3819: 3817: 3815: 3804:Fair Vote Canada 3796:Fair Vote Canada 3792: 3783: 3782: 3780: 3778: 3767:Fair Vote Canada 3759:Fair Vote Canada 3755: 3749: 3748: 3746: 3744: 3722: 3716: 3715: 3713: 3711: 3689: 3683: 3682: 3680: 3678: 3658: 3652: 3651: 3649: 3647: 3627: 3621: 3620: 3618: 3616: 3594: 3585: 3584: 3582: 3580: 3574: 3563: 3551: 3545: 3544: 3542: 3540: 3517: 3511: 3510: 3508: 3506: 3481: 3475: 3474: 3472: 3470: 3451: 3445: 3444: 3442: 3440: 3431:. Elections BC. 3421: 3415: 3414: 3412: 3410: 3404: 3398:. Archived from 3397: 3388: 3382: 3381: 3379: 3377: 3353: 3347: 3346: 3344: 3342: 3320: 3311: 3310: 3308: 3306: 3284: 3278: 3277: 3275: 3273: 3248: 3242: 3228: 3222: 3221: 3219: 3217: 3195: 3189: 3188: 3186: 3184: 3162: 3156: 3142: 3136: 3135: 3133: 3131: 3109: 3103: 3102: 3100: 3098: 3076: 3070: 3069: 3067: 3065: 3043: 3037: 3036: 3034: 3032: 3010: 3004: 3003: 3001: 2999: 2977: 2971: 2970: 2968: 2966: 2944: 2935: 2934: 2932: 2930: 2911: 2905: 2904: 2902: 2900: 2878: 2872: 2871: 2869: 2867: 2842: 2836: 2835: 2833: 2831: 2825: 2814: 2806: 2793: 2792: 2790: 2788: 2768: 2762: 2761: 2759: 2757: 2751: 2738: 2729: 2723: 2722: 2720: 2718: 2696: 2690: 2689: 2687: 2685: 2663: 2657: 2656: 2654: 2652: 2628: 2622: 2621: 2619: 2617: 2601: 2592: 2591: 2589: 2587: 2565: 2559: 2558: 2556: 2554: 2532: 2523: 2522: 2520: 2518: 2512: 2505: 2496: 2485: 2484: 2482: 2480: 2458: 2452: 2451: 2449: 2447: 2425: 2419: 2411: 2405: 2404: 2402: 2400: 2378: 2372: 2371: 2369: 2367: 2348: 2342: 2341: 2339: 2337: 2315: 2309: 2308: 2306: 2304: 2282: 2276: 2275: 2273: 2271: 2265: 2258: 2249: 2243: 2242: 2240: 2238: 2216: 2210: 2209: 2207: 2205: 2189: 2183: 2182: 2180: 2178: 2156: 2150: 2149: 2147: 2145: 2139: 2128: 2120: 2114: 2113: 2111: 2109: 2089: 2083: 2082: 2080: 2078: 2058: 2052: 2051: 2049: 2047: 2031: 2020: 2019: 2017: 2015: 1998: 1989: 1988: 1986: 1984: 1965: 1959: 1958: 1956: 1954: 1948: 1941: 1932: 1926: 1925: 1923: 1921: 1915: 1908: 1899: 1893: 1892: 1890: 1888: 1882: 1875: 1863: 1854: 1853: 1851: 1849: 1831: 1825: 1824: 1822: 1820: 1802: 1796: 1795: 1793: 1791: 1785: 1778: 1766: 1760: 1759: 1733: 1720: 1719: 1717: 1715: 1709: 1702: 1690: 1430: 1344: 1308: 1294:November 8, 2018 1284: 1262: 1239: 1178: 1152: 1045: 1028: 989: 981: 865: 840:Andrew Wilkinson 800:alternative vote 761:Fair Vote Canada 506:Attorney General 374:electoral system 366:BC Liberal Party 280:British Columbia 268:electoral reform 266:A referendum on 260: 241: 233: 227: 222: 213: 212: 194: 103: 73: 72: 61: 59: 55: 44: 43: 38: 37: 33: 32: 31: 24: 5724: 5723: 5719: 5718: 5717: 5715: 5714: 5713: 5669: 5668: 5667: 5662: 5652: 5571: 5530: 5277: 5272: 5212: 5207: 5206: 5197: 5193: 5184: 5180: 5171: 5164: 5155: 5151: 5138: 5136: 5123: 5122: 5118: 5108: 5106: 5102: 5091: 5087: 5086: 5073: 5063: 5061: 5048: 5047: 5034: 5024: 5022: 5013: 5012: 5008: 4998: 4996: 4982: 4981: 4977: 4967: 4965: 4961: 4954: 4950: 4949: 4945: 4935: 4933: 4920: 4919: 4912: 4902: 4900: 4896: 4885: 4881: 4880: 4876: 4866: 4864: 4851: 4850: 4843: 4833: 4831: 4826:. May 9, 2018. 4822: 4821: 4817: 4807: 4805: 4792: 4791: 4787: 4777: 4775: 4762: 4761: 4757: 4747: 4745: 4732: 4731: 4727: 4717: 4715: 4699: 4698: 4694: 4684: 4682: 4666: 4665: 4661: 4651: 4649: 4633: 4632: 4628: 4618: 4616: 4605:elections.bc.ca 4599: 4598: 4594: 4580: 4578: 4565: 4564: 4560: 4550: 4548: 4539: 4538: 4534: 4524: 4522: 4518: 4512:elections.bc.ca 4507: 4503: 4502: 4498: 4488: 4486: 4470: 4469: 4465: 4455: 4453: 4444: 4443: 4439: 4429: 4427: 4414: 4413: 4409: 4399: 4397: 4381: 4380: 4376: 4366: 4364: 4351: 4350: 4343: 4333: 4331: 4324:elections.bc.ca 4318: 4317: 4310: 4300: 4298: 4284: 4283: 4279: 4269: 4267: 4251: 4250: 4246: 4236: 4234: 4218: 4217: 4213: 4203: 4201: 4187: 4186: 4182: 4172: 4170: 4156: 4155: 4151: 4141: 4139: 4125: 4124: 4120: 4110: 4108: 4101:elections.bc.ca 4095: 4094: 4090: 4080: 4078: 4059: 4058: 4054: 4044: 4042: 4035:elections.bc.ca 4029: 4028: 4024: 4014: 4012: 3996: 3995: 3991: 3981: 3979: 3968:elections.bc.ca 3962: 3961: 3957: 3942: 3921: 3920: 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1896: 1886: 1884: 1883:on May 13, 2005 1880: 1873: 1865: 1864: 1857: 1847: 1845: 1833: 1832: 1828: 1818: 1816: 1804: 1803: 1799: 1789: 1787: 1783: 1776: 1768: 1767: 1763: 1748: 1735: 1734: 1723: 1713: 1711: 1707: 1700: 1692: 1691: 1684: 1679: 1619: 1421: 1334: 1319: 1306: 1282: 1237: 1148: 1022: 1019: 1014: 996: 987: 979: 975: 901: 888: 880: 863: 860: 824:Sonia Furstenau 816: 751: 689: 654:representatives 650: 622: 573: 529: 502: 479:confidence vote 451: 425: 358: 330: 256: 250: 249: 243: 239: 235: 231: 211: 210: 209: 192: 108: 80: 71: 70: 69: 57: 53: 51: 36: 35: 34: 29: 27: 17: 12: 11: 5: 5722: 5720: 5712: 5711: 5706: 5701: 5696: 5691: 5686: 5681: 5671: 5670: 5664: 5663: 5657: 5654: 5653: 5651: 5650: 5645: 5640: 5635: 5630: 5625: 5620: 5615: 5610: 5605: 5600: 5595: 5590: 5585: 5579: 5577: 5573: 5572: 5570: 5569: 5564: 5559: 5554: 5549: 5544: 5538: 5536: 5532: 5531: 5529: 5528: 5521: 5516: 5511: 5506: 5501: 5496: 5491: 5486: 5481: 5476: 5471: 5466: 5461: 5456: 5451: 5446: 5441: 5436: 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Laura. 2053: 2021: 1990: 1960: 1942:. p. 20. 1927: 1894: 1855: 1826: 1797: 1761: 1746: 1721: 1681: 1680: 1678: 1675: 1663: 1662: 1659: 1656: 1653: 1650: 1643: 1642: 1639: 1636: 1633: 1630: 1627: 1618: 1615: 1612: 1611: 1608: 1606: 1604: 1601: 1597: 1596: 1593: 1591: 1589: 1586: 1582: 1581: 1578: 1576: 1574: 1571: 1570:Invalid votes 1567: 1566: 1563: 1561: 1559: 1556: 1552: 1551: 1549: 1546: 1544: 1542: 1540: 1536: 1535: 1532: 1529: 1526: 1523: 1520: 1516: 1515: 1513: 1510: 1507: 1504: 1500: 1499: 1496: 1493: 1490: 1487: 1484: 1480: 1479: 1476: 1473: 1470: 1467: 1464: 1460: 1459: 1456: 1453: 1450: 1447: 1444: 1440: 1439: 1436: 1433: 1420: 1417: 1414: 1413: 1410: 1409:Total ballots 1406: 1405: 1402: 1398: 1397: 1395: 1392: 1391:Invalid votes 1388: 1387: 1384: 1381: 1377: 1376: 1373: 1370: 1366: 1365: 1362: 1359: 1355: 1354: 1351: 1348: 1333: 1330: 1318: 1315: 1312: 1311: 1309: 1304: 1301: 1298: 1295: 1292: 1288: 1287: 1285: 1280: 1277: 1274: 1271: 1268: 1264: 1263: 1258: 1255: 1252: 1249: 1246: 1243: 1236: 1233: 1230: 1229: 1227: 1224: 1221: 1218: 1215: 1212: 1209: 1208:Google Survey 1205: 1204: 1202: 1199: 1196: 1193: 1190: 1187: 1184: 1180: 1179: 1174: 1171: 1168: 1165: 1162: 1159: 1156: 1143: 1142: 1140: 1137: 1134: 1131: 1127: 1126: 1124: 1121: 1118: 1115: 1111: 1110: 1108: 1105: 1102: 1099: 1095: 1094: 1092: 1089: 1086: 1083: 1079: 1078: 1076: 1073: 1070: 1067: 1063: 1062: 1060: 1057: 1054: 1053:June 20, 2017 1051: 1047: 1046: 1041: 1038: 1035: 1032: 1018: 1015: 1013: 1010: 995: 992: 974: 971: 970: 969: 966: 963: 960: 957: 954: 951: 946: 943: 940: 937: 934: 929: 924: 921: 918: 915: 910: 905: 900: 897: 896: 895: 892: 887: 884: 879: 876: 859: 856: 815: 812: 750: 747: 697:representative 688: 685: 649: 646: 645: 644: 638: 632: 621: 618: 617: 616: 615: 614: 611: 608: 601: 600: 599: 596: 572: 569: 528: 525: 501: 498: 486:Judith Guichon 450: 447: 433:Justin Trudeau 424: 421: 357: 354: 329: 326: 272:mail-in ballot 270:took place by 262: 261: 252: 251: 246: 245: 238: 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