177:
148:
511:
for them". In summer 2023, members of the
Communist Party and PUDEMO organized further protests in memory of the 50th anniversary of King Sobhuza II's decree which banned political parties. Some protests were prevented by the mass deployment of security forces; others took place and ended in violent clashes between pro-democracy activists and police, with several people being wounded. In September, several opposition parties such as the Communist Party, PUDEMO, and EFF called for a boycott of the
278:
358:
395:" that has remained to this day, and are heavily persecuted under "anti-terrorism" laws. The prime minister is appointed by the monarch. Although protests are reportedly rare, there have been demonstrations in 2018 and 2019 over Mswati III's lavish lifestyle and alleged misuse of public funds. A series of UN-hosted discussions in 2020 displayed support for a democratic, constitutional monarchy in the country. According to
494:
International
Solidarity Forces" committed a number of attacks on police outposts, trucks, food stores, and government buildings across the country. On 10 November, about 100 minibus and bus drivers protested in Manzini for the release of four colleagues. However, the protest turned violent, with the protestors looting shops and burning a police station. The army was called in, and opened fire. Three people were injured.
196:
226:
164:
547:
By early 2024, unrest had generally ceased in
Eswatini despite very low approval rates of the current government. Opposition figures argued that there had been no political change despite the protests and occasional promises of reform by the government. Meanwhile, security forces carried out a series
510:
was murdered by gunmen at his home, provoking outrage not just in
Eswatini but also internationally. Hours before the killing, King Mswati III had held a speech at the Engabezweni royal residence, declaring that the pro-democracy activists had "started the violence first" and "more trouble was coming
485:
Over the course of 2022, smaller protests organized by pro-democracy activists and other interest groups continued. In
February, university students protested for scholarships and refund of hostels fees; security forces responded by arresting and torturing a number of student union leaders. In March,
402:
The immediate cause of the protest was when three pro-democracy MPs advocated for the introduction of a more democratic system. In addition, the death of a college student under mysterious circumstances in May led to suspicions that the police had killed him and subsequent protests at the time, which
594:
The governments of South Africa, the United States and the United
Kingdom also expressed their concern, called for peace to be restored and stated that the right to peaceful protest should be heeded. The US also deployed additional marines to its embassy in Eswatini to bolster its security. South
420:
went through a village shouting political slogans and calling for the right to a democratically chosen prime minister. They blocked roads and set tyres on fire. Police reacted to these demonstrations by deploying stun grenades and firing live bullets, leading to protesters retaliating by throwing
450:
with both the riot police and the army present on the streets. Police also set blockades across the capital and the government closed schools and bus stations. A curfew was put into place between 18:00 and 5:00 by the government to try to rout the violence, and business and schools were made to
348:
against the absolute monarchy and for democratisation began in late June 2021. Starting as a peaceful protest on 20 June, they escalated after 25 June into violence and looting over the weekend when the government took a hardline stance against the demonstrations and prohibited the delivery of
493:
In
November, a series of larger protests occurred. Unrest began when police officers entered the Prime Minister's estate to demand pay rises, while a royal relative, Chief Prince Mahloma of Zandondo, was murdered on 5 November. Two days later, a pro-democracy militant group called "Swaziland
472:
On 1 October, thousands of protesters marched to the embassy of the United States in
Mbabane to deliver a petition. Security forces dispersed the crowd with rubber bullets, teargas and live ammunition. One protester was reportedly shot in the head by police outside parliament.
465:
and
Mthandeni Dube were arrested on charges of inciting violence at the protests. In July 2024, they were convicted and sentenced to 25 and 18 years respectively in prison in what the Swaziland Solidarity Network described as "ridiculous" sentences.
436:
On the night of 28–29 June, it was speculated that King Mswati III had fled
Eswatini amidst increasing disorder. The government denied these reports. However, it was reported that his private plane had been spotted departing the country. The
486:
the Communist Party started an anti-monarchy campaign dubbed "Turn Up the Heat" including a number of rallies which were forcibly broken up by police. In April, police put down more student protests on university campuses in Mbabane and
1398:
2158:
515:. Despite this, thousands voted during the election; some observers such as the Swaziland Council of Churches argued that the high turnout was connected to voter intimidation. From this point, the protests largely ceased.
476:
On 22 October, police violently suppressed a protest of civil servants, injuring 30 nurses. In response, the Swaziland Democratic Nurses Union (SDNU) issued a statement that nurses are no longer treating police officers.
753:
1128:
587: called for the government to "avoid arbitrary use of force" and that the protests should be "a wake-up call for the King and his government to heed the legitimate calls for reform", and the regional director of
1650:
445:
said that he was in Mozambique and had instructed security forces to "brutally suppress" the protests. On 29 June 2021, the demonstrations continued with police trying to repel the protesters with gunfire and
432:
authorities, who are democratically appointed in a "devolved" system, the government stopped them from being delivered, raising controversy from the national teachers union and leading to further unrest.
2066:
822:
2006:
1307:
727:
1998:
1914:
1843:
788:
1390:
1884:
1619:
580:, announced a press conference to be held on 29 June. According to party leader Wandile Dludlu, over 250 people had been injured, some with bullets and broken bones, by government forces.
569:
stated that the protests were "war"; although he later clarified that he still wished for calm and only wished to show that the police were dedicated to restoring order, the editor of the
1462:
2189:
1185:
2150:
573:
blamed this statement, the prohibition of petitions, and a call from Housing and Urban Development Minister Prince Simelane to "fight fire with fire" for inflaming the situation.
1429:
1493:
1215:
888:
399:, trust in government institutions, including the monarchy, has significantly decreased over the past several years and citizens are seeking alternatives to authoritarian rule.
1589:
1526:
1276:
749:
1773:
1112:
1642:
668:
451:
close. Despite this, protests and looting continued on the 30th, and the police and army used deadly force against demonstrators, with internet access becoming limited.
1015:
1740:
1805:
454:
The army was officially called in on 1 July to "protect critical national infrastructure and enforce the COVID-19 regulations", according to acting Prime Minister,
1089:
921:
2127:
1558:
2036:
1975:
1945:
1710:
1043:
2088:
2058:
814:
2215:
1299:
1155:
985:
723:
527:, hundreds of trucks were stranded due to allegations of protesters targeting imports and the loss of Internet connections halting entry processing. The
1906:
1853:
698:
780:
610:, in his capacity as chairperson of the security section of SADC, dispatched a multi-national team to meet with King Mswati III. The team was led by
2298:
2288:
1329:
855:
952:
1876:
1611:
1453:
2293:
2181:
1246:
603:
577:
200:
168:
1177:
2283:
528:
1421:
2278:
2273:
181:
1485:
1207:
880:
1581:
1517:
1268:
1763:
206:
660:
1007:
242:
1680:
1367:
1732:
428:, as demonstrators "clashed" with police and stores were looted and burned. As thousands of people delivered petitions to
69:
1815:
1073:
913:
438:
384:
152:
2119:
631:
Cutting Edge outlining the events and accounts of the survivors of the massacre. The film was produced and directed by
2028:
619:
512:
1937:
1702:
1037:
563:
2096:
2211:
1113:"Analysis - Fierce protests in eSwatini grow from citizens' desire for more democracy, Afrobarometer surveys find"
531:
was requested to prevent further violence and losses by putting the trucks under their protection. On 1 July, the
469:
As of late September, high school and university students were still protesting by launching a series of strikes.
442:
2268:
2263:
2258:
596:
532:
1151:
977:
636:
690:
2253:
2248:
2243:
231:
187:
1337:
847:
588:
462:
357:
1612:"Eswatini: Authorities must investigate police shooting of a protester and stop excessive use of force"
944:
1967:
632:
566:
372:
1238:
562:, a number of government figures encouraged violence and a hard crackdown through their statements.
2151:"Former Cabinet Minister Jeff Radebe heads Ramaphosa's team to engage Mswati amid violent protests"
503:
1848:
1810:
584:
558:
392:
606:(SADC) announced they would send a group of ministers to resolve the situation. On 21 October,
1120:
1081:
376:
1553:
750:"Eswatini opposition parties, civil society meet in SA to plot strategy against King Mswati"
607:
691:"Communist Party of Swaziland calling for 'nationwide mass uprising against the regime'"
624:
548:
of arrests and manhunts for Communist Party members, forcing several to go underground.
1391:"eSwatini government denies King Mswati III has fled to SA amid pro-democracy protests"
507:
417:
424:
The protests spread and escalated into violence on 25 June in Msunduza township, near
2237:
455:
396:
403:
were supported by opposition legislators and led to a state of preexisting tension.
387:
since 1986. Political parties have been banned since 1973, under the preceding King
1907:"EFF in Mpumalanga shuts down Mananga border in solidarity with people of Eswatini"
1768:
724:"TINKHUNDLA GOVERNMENT IS USELESS : MP TIMOTHY TELLS, RESIDENTS, EFF, SWADEPA"
49:
158:
Members of parliament who are arrested for the initiative Pro Democratic movement.
2059:"Eswatini: Dozens killed, tortured, abducted as pro-democracy protests intensify"
1672:
1549:"Eswatini pro-democracy MPs sentenced to long jail terms for murder, 'terrorism'"
1359:
611:
388:
380:
361:
283:
1877:"Hundreds of trucks stranded at Oshoek Border Post to Eswatini amid protests"
1124:
1085:
1844:"'People want change but fear the guns': Fighting for democracy in Eswatini"
429:
1582:"Students walk out of classes in Eswatini's ongoing pro-democracy movement"
781:"Eswatini: Further unrest is possible nationwide at least through November"
661:"Armed forces open fire in crackdown on anti-monarchy protests in Eswatini"
591:
called the government's response a "full-frontal assault on human rights".
1300:"WATCH: Protests rock eSwatini, govt denies reports that King Mswati fled"
1548:
447:
368:
345:
225:
45:
1673:"Eswatini protests: Nurses refuse to treat police after colleagues shot"
349:
petitions. Lower-level unrest and protests continued until summer 2023.
536:
487:
425:
628:
524:
1208:"Swazi teachers accuse government of stifling voice of the nation"
881:"Tensions run high in Eswatini as pro-democracy protests continue"
614:, and included officials from South Africa, Namibia and Botswana.
356:
1454:"Anti-monarchy protests in African kingdom eSwatini turn violent"
1422:"'King Mswati III has fled to Mozambique. Swaziland is burning!'"
1269:"King Mswati alleged to have fled Eswatini amid violent protests"
1111:
Nkomo, Sibusiso; Sanny, Josephine Appiah-Nyamekye (2 July 2021).
815:"Southern Africa Bloc to Send Team to Eswatini to Discuss Unrest"
458:, who also state that this didn't mean martial law was in place.
1515:
Masuku, Lunga; Cocks, Tim (1 July 2021). MacSwan, Angus (ed.).
2182:"Sabc 1's unthinkable documentary leaves facebookers outraged"
2120:"Marines deploy team to U.S. Embassy in Eswatini amid turmoil"
2089:"S.Africa urges protection of protesters in troubled Eswatini"
848:"S.Africa, UK urge restraint after deadly unrest in Eswatini"
416:
The first protests took place on 20 June when rural youth in
1764:"Eswatini: murder of pro-democracy activist prompts outrage"
1518:"eSwatini army called in to curb looting at anti-king riots"
1074:"Africa's Last Absolute Monarchy Convulsed by Mass Protests"
1178:"eSwatini youth stage rare rural protest against monarchy"
1486:"Eswatini imposes curfew to quell pro-democracy protests"
1360:"King Maswati not fled Eswatini's violent protests - PM"
1330:"King Maswati not fled Eswatini's violent protests - PM"
914:"Eswatini: Anti-monarchy protests rock African kingdom"
1999:"Eswatini burns amid violent pro-democracy protests"
1733:"Eswatini: Army opens fire on protesters, 3 injured"
441:
claimed that he had fled to South Africa, while the
1806:"The Father, the Son and the Fight Over Their King"
1152:"Q&A: What's driving the protests in Eswatini?"
292:
259:
127:
119:
104:
Blockades and tyre-burning and harassing travellers
95:
77:
56:
40:
28:
23:
2212:"The Unthinkable: 2021, Docu review - PressReader"
2029:"Eswatini: Respect Rights While Policing Protests"
1936:Khumalo, Stanley; Zwane, Sibusiso (28 June 2021).
1516:
1452:
371:is one of the world’s few countries (and the only
1039:South Africa: Protests in the Kingdom of eSwatini
62:Authoritarian rule and suppression of opposition
659:Manzini, Staff and agencies in (29 June 2021).
1804:Eligon, John; Silva, Joao (17 February 2024).
1938:"NATCOM DENIES DECLARING WAR, CALLS FOR CALM"
65:Misuse of the country's funds by the monarchy
8:
978:"Clashes at Eswatini anti-monarchy protests"
945:"Swaziland: Africa′s last absolute monarchy"
1008:"Eswatini: Anti-government protest June 29"
808:
806:
775:
773:
771:
654:
652:
20:
2180:Hlatshwayo, Sithembile (7 October 2021).
1837:
1835:
1833:
1239:"eSwatini Parliament starts to push back"
502:Unrest continued in 2023. On 21 January,
215:Swaziland International Solidarity Forces
972:
970:
842:
840:
648:
1799:
1797:
1795:
1793:
1791:
1776:from the original on 20 September 2023
1067:
1065:
1063:
1061:
604:Southern African Development Community
201:Economic Freedom Fighters of Swaziland
110:Burning of public and private property
1641:Tsabedze, Lungile (4 November 2022).
1092:from the original on 28 December 2021
1046:from the original on 12 December 2019
875:
873:
718:
716:
539:to close in support of the protests.
7:
2218:from the original on 17 October 2021
2192:from the original on 17 October 2021
2149:Fabricius, Peter (20 October 2021).
1683:from the original on 29 October 2021
1653:from the original on 4 November 2022
1622:from the original on 11 October 2021
1592:from the original on 11 October 2021
1580:Young, Pariesa (27 September 2021).
1237:Mbuyisa, Cebelihle (19 April 2021).
908:
906:
756:from the original on 13 January 2023
617:A feature film documentary entitled
529:South African National Defence Force
239:Royal Eswatini Police Service (REPS)
1743:from the original on 19 August 2023
1713:from the original on 19 August 2023
791:from the original on 19 August 2023
578:People's United Democratic Movement
506:and leading pro-democracy activist
182:Ngwane National Liberatory Congress
169:People's United Democratic Movement
1875:Monareng, Motsebi (30 June 2021).
1842:Ismail, Sumayya (9 October 2023).
1484:Magome, Mogomotsi (29 June 2021).
576:The largest opposition party, the
16:Pro-democracy protests in Eswatini
14:
2161:from the original on 21 July 2022
2130:from the original on 11 July 2021
1997:Ebrahim, Shannon (29 June 2021).
1917:from the original on 10 July 2021
1887:from the original on 11 July 2021
1529:from the original on 10 July 2021
1496:from the original on 29 June 2021
1465:from the original on 12 July 2021
1389:Montsho, Molaole (29 June 2021).
1218:from the original on 12 July 2021
1188:from the original on 23 June 2021
1131:from the original on 21 July 2022
1018:from the original on 29 June 2021
988:from the original on 26 June 2021
943:Sandner, Philipp (14 July 2014).
891:from the original on 12 July 2021
825:from the original on 12 July 2021
701:from the original on 22 June 2021
671:from the original on 29 June 2021
310:27 (official number) - Government
2069:from the original on 9 July 2021
2039:from the original on 9 July 2021
2009:from the original on 3 July 2021
1978:from the original on 3 July 2021
1948:from the original on 3 July 2021
1762:Burke, Jason (24 January 2021).
1432:from the original on 4 July 2021
1420:le Roux, Kabous (29 June 2021).
1401:from the original on 3 July 2021
1370:from the original on 6 July 2021
1310:from the original on 9 July 2021
1279:from the original on 4 July 2021
1249:from the original on 9 July 2021
1158:from the original on 9 July 2021
924:from the original on 8 July 2021
858:from the original on 1 July 2021
730:from the original on 9 July 2021
276:
224:
194:
175:
162:
146:
2299:Human rights abuses in Eswatini
2289:September 2021 events in Africa
1703:"Eswatini (formerly Swaziland)"
1298:McCain, Nicole (29 June 2021).
955:from the original on 6 May 2015
564:National Commissioner of Police
523:In 2021, at the border city of
207:African United Democratic Party
86:End of the king's absolute rule
1557:. 15 July 2024. Archived from
1451:Masuku, Lunga (29 June 2021).
1150:Allison, Simon (1 July 2021).
243:Umbutfo Eswatini Defence Force
212:Mass Democratic Movement (MDM)
1:
2294:October 2021 events in Africa
2118:Ahmed, Zarrin (8 July 2021).
1968:"GOVERNMENT WAR CRY TO BLAME"
813:Hill, Matthew (3 July 2021).
68:Government's handling of the
33:
2284:August 2021 events in Africa
1072:Eligon, John (2 July 2021).
443:Swaziland Solidarity Network
439:Communist Party of Swaziland
153:Communist Party of Swaziland
595:Africa's ruling party, the
24:2021–2023 Eswatini protests
2315:
2279:July 2021 events in Africa
2274:June 2021 events in Africa
316:50+ (PUDEMO claim, 1 July)
599:, supported the reforms.
597:African National Congress
535:forced the checkpoint in
533:Economic Freedom Fighters
297:
269:No centralized leadership
264:
248:Pro-government protesters
132:
48:; solidarity protests in
2226:– via PressReader.
1100:– via NYTimes.com.
637:Eswatini Solidarity Fund
344:A series of protests in
519:Effects in South Africa
313:24+ (Bloomberg, 3 July)
101:Peaceful demonstrations
89:Constitutional monarchy
1643:"protests in Eswatini"
1054:– via www.dw.com
365:
188:Swazi Democratic Party
1647:Swaziland News Online
1616:Amnesty International
984:. AFP. 26 June 2021.
589:Amnesty International
463:Mduduzi Bacede Mabuza
461:On 21 July, two MPs,
360:
293:Casualties and losses
1739:. 11 November 2022.
1492:. Associated Press.
982:Daily Times Pakistan
787:. 14 November 2022.
635:in association with
353:Background and cause
1679:. 22 October 2021.
1117:The Washington Post
504:human rights lawyer
123:Protests suppressed
2033:Human Rights Watch
1811:The New York Times
1707:Human Rights Watch
1618:. 1 October 2021.
1078:The New York Times
585:Human Rights Watch
583:International NGO
559:Times of Swaziland
393:state of emergency
366:
83:Democratic reforms
556:According to the
377:absolute monarchy
342:
341:
338:
337:
255:
254:
107:Arson and looting
70:COVID-19 pandemic
2306:
2269:2023 in Eswatini
2264:2022 in Eswatini
2259:2021 in Eswatini
2228:
2227:
2225:
2223:
2208:
2202:
2201:
2199:
2197:
2177:
2171:
2170:
2168:
2166:
2146:
2140:
2139:
2137:
2135:
2115:
2109:
2108:
2106:
2104:
2095:. Archived from
2085:
2079:
2078:
2076:
2074:
2055:
2049:
2048:
2046:
2044:
2025:
2019:
2018:
2016:
2014:
1994:
1988:
1987:
1985:
1983:
1964:
1958:
1957:
1955:
1953:
1933:
1927:
1926:
1924:
1922:
1903:
1897:
1896:
1894:
1892:
1872:
1866:
1865:
1863:
1861:
1852:. Archived from
1839:
1828:
1827:
1825:
1823:
1818:on 10 March 2024
1814:. Archived from
1801:
1786:
1785:
1783:
1781:
1759:
1753:
1752:
1750:
1748:
1729:
1723:
1722:
1720:
1718:
1699:
1693:
1692:
1690:
1688:
1669:
1663:
1662:
1660:
1658:
1638:
1632:
1631:
1629:
1627:
1608:
1602:
1601:
1599:
1597:
1577:
1571:
1570:
1568:
1566:
1545:
1539:
1538:
1536:
1534:
1520:
1512:
1506:
1505:
1503:
1501:
1481:
1475:
1474:
1472:
1470:
1456:
1448:
1442:
1441:
1439:
1437:
1417:
1411:
1410:
1408:
1406:
1386:
1380:
1379:
1377:
1375:
1366:. 29 June 2021.
1356:
1350:
1349:
1347:
1345:
1336:. Archived from
1326:
1320:
1319:
1317:
1315:
1295:
1289:
1288:
1286:
1284:
1275:. 29 June 2021.
1265:
1259:
1258:
1256:
1254:
1234:
1228:
1227:
1225:
1223:
1214:. 27 June 2021.
1204:
1198:
1197:
1195:
1193:
1174:
1168:
1167:
1165:
1163:
1147:
1141:
1140:
1138:
1136:
1108:
1102:
1101:
1099:
1097:
1069:
1056:
1055:
1053:
1051:
1034:
1028:
1027:
1025:
1023:
1004:
998:
997:
995:
993:
974:
965:
964:
962:
960:
940:
934:
933:
931:
929:
910:
901:
900:
898:
896:
877:
868:
867:
865:
863:
844:
835:
834:
832:
830:
810:
801:
800:
798:
796:
777:
766:
765:
763:
761:
746:
740:
739:
737:
735:
726:. 24 June 2021.
720:
711:
710:
708:
706:
697:. 22 June 2021.
687:
681:
680:
678:
676:
656:
633:Comfort Ndzinisa
623:was released on
513:general election
383:having been the
299:
298:
281:
280:
279:
229:
228:
199:
198:
197:
180:
179:
178:
167:
166:
165:
151:
150:
149:
134:
133:
35:
21:
2314:
2313:
2309:
2308:
2307:
2305:
2304:
2303:
2234:
2233:
2232:
2231:
2221:
2219:
2210:
2209:
2205:
2195:
2193:
2186:www.times.co.sz
2179:
2178:
2174:
2164:
2162:
2148:
2147:
2143:
2133:
2131:
2117:
2116:
2112:
2102:
2100:
2087:
2086:
2082:
2072:
2070:
2065:. 2 July 2021.
2063:www.amnesty.org
2057:
2056:
2052:
2042:
2040:
2035:. 1 July 2021.
2027:
2026:
2022:
2012:
2010:
1996:
1995:
1991:
1981:
1979:
1972:www.times.co.sz
1966:
1965:
1961:
1951:
1949:
1942:www.times.co.sz
1935:
1934:
1930:
1920:
1918:
1913:. 1 July 2021.
1905:
1904:
1900:
1890:
1888:
1874:
1873:
1869:
1859:
1857:
1856:on 15 June 2024
1841:
1840:
1831:
1821:
1819:
1803:
1802:
1789:
1779:
1777:
1761:
1760:
1756:
1746:
1744:
1731:
1730:
1726:
1716:
1714:
1701:
1700:
1696:
1686:
1684:
1671:
1670:
1666:
1656:
1654:
1640:
1639:
1635:
1625:
1623:
1610:
1609:
1605:
1595:
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2238:Categories
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2196:17 October
2165:21 October
1849:Al Jazeera
1687:31 October
1657:4 November
1626:11 October
1596:11 October
1012:GardaWorld
959:19 October
885:Al Jazeera
760:13 January
643:References
430:tinkhundla
389:Sobhuza II
381:Mswati III
362:Mswati III
284:Mswati III
232:Government
1911:SABC News
1881:SABC News
1780:19 August
1747:19 August
1717:19 August
1273:SABC News
1243:New Frame
1212:SABC News
1125:0190-8286
1086:0362-4331
819:Bloomberg
795:19 August
552:Reactions
543:Aftermath
373:in Africa
190:(SWADEPA)
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2007:Archived
1976:Archived
1946:Archived
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448:tear gas
369:Eswatini
346:Eswatini
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41:Location
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2013:29 June
1982:29 June
1952:29 June
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