188:
159:
522:
for them". In summer 2023, members of the
Communist Party and PUDEMO organized further protests in memory of the 50th anniversary of King Sobhuza II's decree which banned political parties. Some protests were prevented by the mass deployment of security forces; others took place and ended in violent clashes between pro-democracy activists and police, with several people being wounded. In September, several opposition parties such as the Communist Party, PUDEMO, and EFF called for a boycott of the
289:
369:
406:" that has remained to this day, and are heavily persecuted under "anti-terrorism" laws. The prime minister is appointed by the monarch. Although protests are reportedly rare, there have been demonstrations in 2018 and 2019 over Mswati III's lavish lifestyle and alleged misuse of public funds. A series of UN-hosted discussions in 2020 displayed support for a democratic, constitutional monarchy in the country. According to
505:
International
Solidarity Forces" committed a number of attacks on police outposts, trucks, food stores, and government buildings across the country. On 10 November, about 100 minibus and bus drivers protested in Manzini for the release of four colleagues. However, the protest turned violent, with the protestors looting shops and burning a police station. The army was called in, and opened fire. Three people were injured.
207:
237:
175:
558:
By early 2024, unrest had generally ceased in
Eswatini despite very low approval rates of the current government. Opposition figures argued that there had been no political change despite the protests and occasional promises of reform by the government. Meanwhile, security forces carried out a series
521:
was murdered by gunmen at his home, provoking outrage not just in
Eswatini but also internationally. Hours before the killing, King Mswati III had held a speech at the Engabezweni royal residence, declaring that the pro-democracy activists had "started the violence first" and "more trouble was coming
496:
Over the course of 2022, smaller protests organized by pro-democracy activists and other interest groups continued. In
February, university students protested for scholarships and refund of hostels fees; security forces responded by arresting and torturing a number of student union leaders. In March,
413:
The immediate cause of the protest was when three pro-democracy MPs advocated for the introduction of a more democratic system. In addition, the death of a college student under mysterious circumstances in May led to suspicions that the police had killed him and subsequent protests at the time, which
605:
The governments of South Africa, the United States and the United
Kingdom also expressed their concern, called for peace to be restored and stated that the right to peaceful protest should be heeded. The US also deployed additional marines to its embassy in Eswatini to bolster its security. South
431:
went through a village shouting political slogans and calling for the right to a democratically chosen prime minister. They blocked roads and set tyres on fire. Police reacted to these demonstrations by deploying stun grenades and firing live bullets, leading to protesters retaliating by throwing
461:
with both the riot police and the army present on the streets. Police also set blockades across the capital and the government closed schools and bus stations. A curfew was put into place between 18:00 and 5:00 by the government to try to rout the violence, and business and schools were made to
359:
against the absolute monarchy and for democratisation began in late June 2021. Starting as a peaceful protest on 20 June, they escalated after 25 June into violence and looting over the weekend when the government took a hardline stance against the demonstrations and prohibited the delivery of
504:
In
November, a series of larger protests occurred. Unrest began when police officers entered the Prime Minister's estate to demand pay rises, while a royal relative, Chief Prince Mahloma of Zandondo, was murdered on 5 November. Two days later, a pro-democracy militant group called "Swaziland
483:
On 1 October, thousands of protesters marched to the embassy of the United States in
Mbabane to deliver a petition. Security forces dispersed the crowd with rubber bullets, teargas and live ammunition. One protester was reportedly shot in the head by police outside parliament.
476:
and
Mthandeni Dube were arrested on charges of inciting violence at the protests. In July 2024, they were convicted and sentenced to 25 and 18 years respectively in prison in what the Swaziland Solidarity Network described as "ridiculous" sentences.
447:
On the night of 28–29 June, it was speculated that King Mswati III had fled
Eswatini amidst increasing disorder. The government denied these reports. However, it was reported that his private plane had been spotted departing the country. The
497:
the Communist Party started an anti-monarchy campaign dubbed "Turn Up the Heat" including a number of rallies which were forcibly broken up by police. In April, police put down more student protests on university campuses in Mbabane and
1409:
2169:
526:. Despite this, thousands voted during the election; some observers such as the Swaziland Council of Churches argued that the high turnout was connected to voter intimidation. From this point, the protests largely ceased.
487:
On 22 October, police violently suppressed a protest of civil servants, injuring 30 nurses. In response, the Swaziland Democratic Nurses Union (SDNU) issued a statement that nurses are no longer treating police officers.
764:
1139:
598: called for the government to "avoid arbitrary use of force" and that the protests should be "a wake-up call for the King and his government to heed the legitimate calls for reform", and the regional director of
1661:
456:
said that he was in Mozambique and had instructed security forces to "brutally suppress" the protests. On 29 June 2021, the demonstrations continued with police trying to repel the protesters with gunfire and
443:
authorities, who are democratically appointed in a "devolved" system, the government stopped them from being delivered, raising controversy from the national teachers union and leading to further unrest.
2077:
833:
2017:
1318:
738:
2009:
1925:
1854:
799:
1401:
1895:
1630:
591:, announced a press conference to be held on 29 June. According to party leader Wandile Dludlu, over 250 people had been injured, some with bullets and broken bones, by government forces.
580:
stated that the protests were "war"; although he later clarified that he still wished for calm and only wished to show that the police were dedicated to restoring order, the editor of the
1473:
2200:
1196:
2161:
584:
blamed this statement, the prohibition of petitions, and a call from Housing and Urban Development Minister Prince Simelane to "fight fire with fire" for inflaming the situation.
1440:
1504:
1226:
899:
410:, trust in government institutions, including the monarchy, has significantly decreased over the past several years and citizens are seeking alternatives to authoritarian rule.
1600:
1537:
1287:
760:
1784:
1123:
1653:
679:
462:
close. Despite this, protests and looting continued on the 30th, and the police and army used deadly force against demonstrators, with internet access becoming limited.
1026:
1751:
1816:
465:
The army was officially called in on 1 July to "protect critical national infrastructure and enforce the COVID-19 regulations", according to acting Prime Minister,
1100:
932:
2138:
1569:
2047:
1986:
1956:
1721:
1054:
2099:
2069:
825:
2226:
1310:
1166:
996:
734:
538:, hundreds of trucks were stranded due to allegations of protesters targeting imports and the loss of Internet connections halting entry processing. The
1917:
1864:
709:
791:
621:, in his capacity as chairperson of the security section of SADC, dispatched a multi-national team to meet with King Mswati III. The team was led by
2309:
2299:
1340:
866:
963:
1887:
1622:
1464:
2304:
2192:
1257:
614:
588:
211:
179:
1188:
2294:
539:
1432:
2289:
2284:
192:
1496:
1218:
891:
1592:
1528:
1279:
1774:
217:
671:
1018:
253:
1691:
1378:
1743:
439:, as demonstrators "clashed" with police and stores were looted and burned. As thousands of people delivered petitions to
80:
1826:
1084:
924:
449:
395:
163:
2130:
642:
Cutting Edge outlining the events and accounts of the survivors of the massacre. The film was produced and directed by
2039:
630:
523:
1948:
1713:
1048:
574:
2107:
2222:
1124:"Analysis - Fierce protests in eSwatini grow from citizens' desire for more democracy, Afrobarometer surveys find"
542:
was requested to prevent further violence and losses by putting the trucks under their protection. On 1 July, the
480:
As of late September, high school and university students were still protesting by launching a series of strikes.
453:
2279:
2274:
2269:
607:
543:
1162:
988:
647:
701:
2264:
2259:
2254:
242:
198:
1348:
858:
599:
473:
368:
1623:"Eswatini: Authorities must investigate police shooting of a protester and stop excessive use of force"
955:
1978:
643:
577:
383:
1249:
573:, a number of government figures encouraged violence and a hard crackdown through their statements.
2162:"Former Cabinet Minister Jeff Radebe heads Ramaphosa's team to engage Mswati amid violent protests"
514:
1859:
1821:
595:
569:
403:
617:(SADC) announced they would send a group of ministers to resolve the situation. On 21 October,
1131:
1092:
387:
1564:
761:"Eswatini opposition parties, civil society meet in SA to plot strategy against King Mswati"
618:
702:"Communist Party of Swaziland calling for 'nationwide mass uprising against the regime'"
635:
559:
of arrests and manhunts for Communist Party members, forcing several to go underground.
1402:"eSwatini government denies King Mswati III has fled to SA amid pro-democracy protests"
518:
428:
435:
The protests spread and escalated into violence on 25 June in Msunduza township, near
17:
2248:
466:
407:
414:
were supported by opposition legislators and led to a state of preexisting tension.
398:
since 1986. Political parties have been banned since 1973, under the preceding King
1918:"EFF in Mpumalanga shuts down Mananga border in solidarity with people of Eswatini"
1779:
735:"TINKHUNDLA GOVERNMENT IS USELESS : MP TIMOTHY TELLS, RESIDENTS, EFF, SWADEPA"
60:
169:
Members of parliament who are arrested for the initiative Pro Democratic movement.
2070:"Eswatini: Dozens killed, tortured, abducted as pro-democracy protests intensify"
1683:
1560:"Eswatini pro-democracy MPs sentenced to long jail terms for murder, 'terrorism'"
1370:
622:
399:
391:
372:
294:
1888:"Hundreds of trucks stranded at Oshoek Border Post to Eswatini amid protests"
1135:
1096:
1855:"'People want change but fear the guns': Fighting for democracy in Eswatini"
440:
1593:"Students walk out of classes in Eswatini's ongoing pro-democracy movement"
792:"Eswatini: Further unrest is possible nationwide at least through November"
672:"Armed forces open fire in crackdown on anti-monarchy protests in Eswatini"
602:
called the government's response a "full-frontal assault on human rights".
1311:"WATCH: Protests rock eSwatini, govt denies reports that King Mswati fled"
1559:
458:
379:
356:
236:
56:
1684:"Eswatini protests: Nurses refuse to treat police after colleagues shot"
360:
petitions. Lower-level unrest and protests continued until summer 2023.
547:
498:
436:
639:
535:
1219:"Swazi teachers accuse government of stifling voice of the nation"
892:"Tensions run high in Eswatini as pro-democracy protests continue"
625:, and included officials from South Africa, Namibia and Botswana.
367:
1465:"Anti-monarchy protests in African kingdom eSwatini turn violent"
1433:"'King Mswati III has fled to Mozambique. Swaziland is burning!'"
1280:"King Mswati alleged to have fled Eswatini amid violent protests"
1122:
Nkomo, Sibusiso; Sanny, Josephine Appiah-Nyamekye (2 July 2021).
826:"Southern Africa Bloc to Send Team to Eswatini to Discuss Unrest"
469:, who also state that this didn't mean martial law was in place.
1526:
Masuku, Lunga; Cocks, Tim (1 July 2021). MacSwan, Angus (ed.).
2193:"Sabc 1's unthinkable documentary leaves facebookers outraged"
2131:"Marines deploy team to U.S. Embassy in Eswatini amid turmoil"
2100:"S.Africa urges protection of protesters in troubled Eswatini"
859:"S.Africa, UK urge restraint after deadly unrest in Eswatini"
427:
The first protests took place on 20 June when rural youth in
1775:"Eswatini: murder of pro-democracy activist prompts outrage"
1529:"eSwatini army called in to curb looting at anti-king riots"
1085:"Africa's Last Absolute Monarchy Convulsed by Mass Protests"
1189:"eSwatini youth stage rare rural protest against monarchy"
1497:"Eswatini imposes curfew to quell pro-democracy protests"
1371:"King Maswati not fled Eswatini's violent protests - PM"
1341:"King Maswati not fled Eswatini's violent protests - PM"
925:"Eswatini: Anti-monarchy protests rock African kingdom"
2010:"Eswatini burns amid violent pro-democracy protests"
1744:"Eswatini: Army opens fire on protesters, 3 injured"
452:
claimed that he had fled to South Africa, while the
1817:"The Father, the Son and the Fight Over Their King"
1163:"Q&A: What's driving the protests in Eswatini?"
303:
270:
138:
130:
115:
Blockades and tyre-burning and harassing travellers
106:
88:
67:
51:
39:
34:
2223:"The Unthinkable: 2021, Docu review - PressReader"
2040:"Eswatini: Respect Rights While Policing Protests"
1947:Khumalo, Stanley; Zwane, Sibusiso (28 June 2021).
1527:
1463:
382:is one of the world’s few countries (and the only
1050:South Africa: Protests in the Kingdom of eSwatini
73:Authoritarian rule and suppression of opposition
670:Manzini, Staff and agencies in (29 June 2021).
1815:Eligon, John; Silva, Joao (17 February 2024).
1949:"NATCOM DENIES DECLARING WAR, CALLS FOR CALM"
76:Misuse of the country's funds by the monarchy
8:
989:"Clashes at Eswatini anti-monarchy protests"
956:"Swaziland: Africa′s last absolute monarchy"
1019:"Eswatini: Anti-government protest June 29"
819:
817:
786:
784:
782:
665:
663:
31:
2191:Hlatshwayo, Sithembile (7 October 2021).
1848:
1846:
1844:
1250:"eSwatini Parliament starts to push back"
513:Unrest continued in 2023. On 21 January,
226:Swaziland International Solidarity Forces
983:
981:
853:
851:
659:
1810:
1808:
1806:
1804:
1802:
1787:from the original on 20 September 2023
1078:
1076:
1074:
1072:
615:Southern African Development Community
212:Economic Freedom Fighters of Swaziland
121:Burning of public and private property
1652:Tsabedze, Lungile (4 November 2022).
1103:from the original on 28 December 2021
1057:from the original on 12 December 2019
886:
884:
729:
727:
550:to close in support of the protests.
7:
2229:from the original on 17 October 2021
2203:from the original on 17 October 2021
2160:Fabricius, Peter (20 October 2021).
1694:from the original on 29 October 2021
1664:from the original on 4 November 2022
1633:from the original on 11 October 2021
1603:from the original on 11 October 2021
1591:Young, Pariesa (27 September 2021).
1248:Mbuyisa, Cebelihle (19 April 2021).
919:
917:
767:from the original on 13 January 2023
628:A feature film documentary entitled
540:South African National Defence Force
250:Royal Eswatini Police Service (REPS)
1754:from the original on 19 August 2023
1724:from the original on 19 August 2023
802:from the original on 19 August 2023
589:People's United Democratic Movement
517:and leading pro-democracy activist
193:Ngwane National Liberatory Congress
180:People's United Democratic Movement
1886:Monareng, Motsebi (30 June 2021).
1853:Ismail, Sumayya (9 October 2023).
1495:Magome, Mogomotsi (29 June 2021).
587:The largest opposition party, the
27:Pro-democracy protests in Eswatini
25:
2172:from the original on 21 July 2022
2141:from the original on 11 July 2021
2008:Ebrahim, Shannon (29 June 2021).
1928:from the original on 10 July 2021
1898:from the original on 11 July 2021
1540:from the original on 10 July 2021
1507:from the original on 29 June 2021
1476:from the original on 12 July 2021
1400:Montsho, Molaole (29 June 2021).
1229:from the original on 12 July 2021
1199:from the original on 23 June 2021
1142:from the original on 21 July 2022
1029:from the original on 29 June 2021
999:from the original on 26 June 2021
954:Sandner, Philipp (14 July 2014).
902:from the original on 12 July 2021
836:from the original on 12 July 2021
712:from the original on 22 June 2021
682:from the original on 29 June 2021
321:27 (official number) - Government
2080:from the original on 9 July 2021
2050:from the original on 9 July 2021
2020:from the original on 3 July 2021
1989:from the original on 3 July 2021
1959:from the original on 3 July 2021
1773:Burke, Jason (24 January 2021).
1443:from the original on 4 July 2021
1431:le Roux, Kabous (29 June 2021).
1412:from the original on 3 July 2021
1381:from the original on 6 July 2021
1321:from the original on 9 July 2021
1290:from the original on 4 July 2021
1260:from the original on 9 July 2021
1169:from the original on 9 July 2021
935:from the original on 8 July 2021
869:from the original on 1 July 2021
741:from the original on 9 July 2021
287:
235:
205:
186:
173:
157:
2310:Human rights abuses in Eswatini
2300:September 2021 events in Africa
1714:"Eswatini (formerly Swaziland)"
1309:McCain, Nicole (29 June 2021).
966:from the original on 6 May 2015
575:National Commissioner of Police
534:In 2021, at the border city of
218:African United Democratic Party
97:End of the king's absolute rule
1568:. 15 July 2024. Archived from
1462:Masuku, Lunga (29 June 2021).
1161:Allison, Simon (1 July 2021).
254:Umbutfo Eswatini Defence Force
223:Mass Democratic Movement (MDM)
1:
2305:October 2021 events in Africa
2129:Ahmed, Zarrin (8 July 2021).
1979:"GOVERNMENT WAR CRY TO BLAME"
824:Hill, Matthew (3 July 2021).
79:Government's handling of the
44:
2295:August 2021 events in Africa
1083:Eligon, John (2 July 2021).
454:Swaziland Solidarity Network
450:Communist Party of Swaziland
164:Communist Party of Swaziland
606:Africa's ruling party, the
35:2021–2023 Eswatini protests
2326:
2290:July 2021 events in Africa
2285:June 2021 events in Africa
327:50+ (PUDEMO claim, 1 July)
610:, supported the reforms.
608:African National Congress
546:forced the checkpoint in
544:Economic Freedom Fighters
308:
280:No centralized leadership
275:
259:Pro-government protesters
143:
59:; solidarity protests in
2237:– via PressReader.
1111:– via NYTimes.com.
648:Eswatini Solidarity Fund
355:A series of protests in
530:Effects in South Africa
324:24+ (Bloomberg, 3 July)
112:Peaceful demonstrations
100:Constitutional monarchy
1654:"protests in Eswatini"
1065:– via www.dw.com
376:
199:Swazi Democratic Party
18:2021 Eswatini protests
1658:Swaziland News Online
1627:Amnesty International
995:. AFP. 26 June 2021.
600:Amnesty International
474:Mduduzi Bacede Mabuza
472:On 21 July, two MPs,
371:
304:Casualties and losses
1750:. 11 November 2022.
1503:. Associated Press.
993:Daily Times Pakistan
798:. 14 November 2022.
646:in association with
364:Background and cause
1690:. 22 October 2021.
1128:The Washington Post
515:human rights lawyer
134:Protests suppressed
2044:Human Rights Watch
1822:The New York Times
1718:Human Rights Watch
1629:. 1 October 2021.
1089:The New York Times
596:Human Rights Watch
594:International NGO
570:Times of Swaziland
404:state of emergency
377:
94:Democratic reforms
567:According to the
388:absolute monarchy
353:
352:
349:
348:
266:
265:
118:Arson and looting
81:COVID-19 pandemic
16:(Redirected from
2317:
2280:2023 in Eswatini
2275:2022 in Eswatini
2270:2021 in Eswatini
2239:
2238:
2236:
2234:
2219:
2213:
2212:
2210:
2208:
2188:
2182:
2181:
2179:
2177:
2157:
2151:
2150:
2148:
2146:
2126:
2120:
2119:
2117:
2115:
2106:. Archived from
2096:
2090:
2089:
2087:
2085:
2066:
2060:
2059:
2057:
2055:
2036:
2030:
2029:
2027:
2025:
2005:
1999:
1998:
1996:
1994:
1975:
1969:
1968:
1966:
1964:
1944:
1938:
1937:
1935:
1933:
1914:
1908:
1907:
1905:
1903:
1883:
1877:
1876:
1874:
1872:
1863:. Archived from
1850:
1839:
1838:
1836:
1834:
1829:on 10 March 2024
1825:. Archived from
1812:
1797:
1796:
1794:
1792:
1770:
1764:
1763:
1761:
1759:
1740:
1734:
1733:
1731:
1729:
1710:
1704:
1703:
1701:
1699:
1680:
1674:
1673:
1671:
1669:
1649:
1643:
1642:
1640:
1638:
1619:
1613:
1612:
1610:
1608:
1588:
1582:
1581:
1579:
1577:
1556:
1550:
1549:
1547:
1545:
1531:
1523:
1517:
1516:
1514:
1512:
1492:
1486:
1485:
1483:
1481:
1467:
1459:
1453:
1452:
1450:
1448:
1428:
1422:
1421:
1419:
1417:
1397:
1391:
1390:
1388:
1386:
1377:. 29 June 2021.
1367:
1361:
1360:
1358:
1356:
1347:. Archived from
1337:
1331:
1330:
1328:
1326:
1306:
1300:
1299:
1297:
1295:
1286:. 29 June 2021.
1276:
1270:
1269:
1267:
1265:
1245:
1239:
1238:
1236:
1234:
1225:. 27 June 2021.
1215:
1209:
1208:
1206:
1204:
1185:
1179:
1178:
1176:
1174:
1158:
1152:
1151:
1149:
1147:
1119:
1113:
1112:
1110:
1108:
1080:
1067:
1066:
1064:
1062:
1045:
1039:
1038:
1036:
1034:
1015:
1009:
1008:
1006:
1004:
985:
976:
975:
973:
971:
951:
945:
944:
942:
940:
921:
912:
911:
909:
907:
888:
879:
878:
876:
874:
855:
846:
845:
843:
841:
821:
812:
811:
809:
807:
788:
777:
776:
774:
772:
757:
751:
750:
748:
746:
737:. 24 June 2021.
731:
722:
721:
719:
717:
708:. 22 June 2021.
698:
692:
691:
689:
687:
667:
644:Comfort Ndzinisa
634:was released on
524:general election
394:having been the
310:
309:
292:
291:
290:
240:
239:
210:
209:
208:
191:
190:
189:
178:
177:
176:
162:
161:
160:
145:
144:
46:
32:
21:
2325:
2324:
2320:
2319:
2318:
2316:
2315:
2314:
2245:
2244:
2243:
2242:
2232:
2230:
2221:
2220:
2216:
2206:
2204:
2197:www.times.co.sz
2190:
2189:
2185:
2175:
2173:
2159:
2158:
2154:
2144:
2142:
2128:
2127:
2123:
2113:
2111:
2098:
2097:
2093:
2083:
2081:
2076:. 2 July 2021.
2074:www.amnesty.org
2068:
2067:
2063:
2053:
2051:
2046:. 1 July 2021.
2038:
2037:
2033:
2023:
2021:
2007:
2006:
2002:
1992:
1990:
1983:www.times.co.sz
1977:
1976:
1972:
1962:
1960:
1953:www.times.co.sz
1946:
1945:
1941:
1931:
1929:
1924:. 1 July 2021.
1916:
1915:
1911:
1901:
1899:
1885:
1884:
1880:
1870:
1868:
1867:on 15 June 2024
1852:
1851:
1842:
1832:
1830:
1814:
1813:
1800:
1790:
1788:
1772:
1771:
1767:
1757:
1755:
1742:
1741:
1737:
1727:
1725:
1712:
1711:
1707:
1697:
1695:
1682:
1681:
1677:
1667:
1665:
1651:
1650:
1646:
1636:
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623:Jeff Radebe
151:Opposition:
47:summer 2023
2249:Categories
2233:17 October
2207:17 October
2176:21 October
1860:Al Jazeera
1698:31 October
1668:4 November
1637:11 October
1607:11 October
1023:GardaWorld
970:19 October
896:Al Jazeera
771:13 January
654:References
441:tinkhundla
400:Sobhuza II
392:Mswati III
373:Mswati III
295:Mswati III
243:Government
1922:SABC News
1892:SABC News
1791:19 August
1758:19 August
1728:19 August
1284:SABC News
1254:New Frame
1223:SABC News
1136:0190-8286
1097:0362-4331
830:Bloomberg
806:19 August
563:Reactions
554:Aftermath
384:in Africa
201:(SWADEPA)
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2018:Archived
1987:Archived
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1692:Archived
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765:Archived
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710:Archived
680:Archived
459:tear gas
380:Eswatini
357:Eswatini
214:(EFFSWA)
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52:Location
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1993:29 June
1963:29 June
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