82:
89:
438:
1828:
226:
1944:
22:
695:(LR) over the immigration legislation, met with LR leaders on multiple occasions both ahead of and during the joint committee stage: despite difficult talks and divisions inside the Macronist camp between left and right-leaning members, the negotiations led to a last-minute two-chapter agreement between the government and LR leadership.
660:
On 27 November 2023, the bill began its process in the
National Assembly: the Macronist-led Law Committee thoroughly amended the Senate-approved draft, stamping out or lessening the majority of the upper house's changes. On 11 December 2023, the report stage in the National Assembly began with a vote
795:
In late 2023-early 2024, news media reported that a growing number of MPs and members from Macron's coalition wanted to see a change of Prime minister in the coming weeks, in an effort to relaunch the
President's troubled second term and move on the contentious immigration debate. On 7 January 2024,
764:
Immediately after the vote, Health
Minister Aurélien Rousseau, appointed only 6 months earlier, resigned to protest against the bill's passage and the potential reform of the AME system while Higher Education Minister Sylvie Retailleau offered her resignation but she remained in the government after
644:
In the aftermath of the political crisis triggered by the pension reform, various polls pointed to a sharp decline in the executive pair's popularity while Le Pen's RN party extended its polling lead over Macron's coalition ahead of the upcoming 2024 European elections. By the time of the final vote
698:
In the first part of this informal deal, the government would agree to support major LR-endorsed changes to the bill, ditching many previous red lines and getting the final bill closer to the version passed by the Senate. In the second part of the deal, the Prime minister solemnly promised that the
768:
In the days following the legislation's adoption, both Macron and his Prime minister publicly expressed doubts about the constitutionality of some of the bill's provisions despite having endorsed it through the parliamentary process, raising questions among politicians and legal scholars. Shortly
721:
Immediately after the finalized version of the bill was made public, parliamentary RN party leader Marine Le Pen hailed an "ideological victory" and announced that her MPs would support the legislation in the
National Assembly. Le Pen's decision prompted panic and confusion inside Macron's ranks,
803:, who was the most popular minister in the outgoing cabinet. He went on to form a minority government dominated by figures coming from the centre-right and from which Abdul-Malak and Beaune, leading figures of the government revolt over the immigration bill in late December 2023, were sacked.
755:
In the evening of the 19 December 2023, both houses of
Parliament passed the immigration & asylum bill, 214–114 in the Senate and then 349–186 in the National Assembly. In the lower house, 59 Macronist MPs (almost a quarter of the centrist coalition's MPs) defied the government either by
683:
After the vote, the Prime minister convened her cabinet for a crisis meeting to seek a way forward, ultimately leading to the decision to send the bill to a conservative-dominated joint parliamentary committee rather than ditching the bill or sending it back to the Senate.
562:
In early
January 2024, in spite of earlier public statements in which she expressed her intention to carry on as Prime minister, Borne reluctantly resigned at Macron's request. Borne remained as caretaker PM until Education Minister
1115:
1061:
543:, openly threatened to resign if the bill was passed, while scores of MPs from the three Macronist parliamentary groups in the Assembly, including joint committee chair and prominent left-leaning figure inside Macron's camp
779:
Furthermore, the governing coalition appeared to be left weaker and deeply divided by the passage of the bill, with MPs questioning their political affiliation and 2 MPs eventually quitting Macron's alliance in
Parliament.
528:. The bill, whose legislative process was stalled for many months, was unexpectedly defeated in the National Assembly on 11 December, ultimately leading to Darmanin offering his resignation and Macron sending the bill to a
1025:
558:
offered her resignation to protest measures affecting foreign students but remained in post after Macron gave her reassurances. Other ministers publicly voiced their opposition to the bill but did not act further on it.
1133:
752:, tried to reassure his troops by announcing that he would not sign the bill into law, instead sending it back later to Parliament, if the legislation was approved thanks to RN votes in the National Assembly.
1241:
629:
in the autumn of that year after consulting with opposition parties. After consultations highlighted the lack of a majority for the bill's passage, the bill's introduction was again delayed to early 2023.
1810:
375:
837:
796:
MoDem party leader François Bayrou said that "changes" to the government's composition were "necessary" to "open a new period", implying a change of PM was crucial to revive Macron's presidency.
1331:
1367:
799:
The crisis ended when Macron requested Élisabeth Borne to resign as PM, which she reluctantly did on 8 January 2024. The following day, she was succeeded by 34-year-old
Education Minister
1223:
1205:
989:
210:
This article is about the
December 2023 French government crisis that brought Borne's government down. For the bigger July-August 2024 French government and political crisis, see
1403:
1187:
81:
1805:
776:
Other ministers, such as Abdul-Malak (Culture) and Beaune (Transports) continued to publicly voice their opposition to the immigration law, while remaining in government.
370:
1915:
899:
703:-funded medical care on conditions, in a separate bill. The scope of the concessions made to the right created concern for a number of Macronist MPs and party grandees.
657:
substantially toughened the bill, with the
Interior Minister's support on several occasions. The Senate passed the heavily amended bill in first reading on 14 November.
469:
360:
1097:
1926:
1295:
1079:
88:
722:
with large swathes of centrist MPs, already set off-balance by the deal struck with the conservatives, now refusing to vote along Le Pen on immigration matters.
1007:
1463:
1431:
1485:
917:
881:
1664:
1313:
311:
1792:
1569:
1151:
1748:
1529:
1169:
935:
680:
called on the President to dissolve the National Assembly while left-wing opposition parties called on the government to ditch the draft legislation.
1765:
638:
1277:
1043:
953:
706:
On 19 December, the joint committee agreed on a drastically hardened bill, with measures limiting foreigners' access to social benefits, reforming
653:
After months of gridlock, the government finally introduced back the draft legislation in the Senate in November 2023: the conservative-controlled
1797:
1116:"Projet de loi immigration : "Un accord est en bonne voie" avec Les Républicains, mais la majorité s'inquiète pour la suite du quinquennat"
1910:
1743:
645:
on the immigration bill, the RN had opened a 12-point lead over the Macronist alliance, the widest gap since Macron was first elected in 2017.
291:
39:
31:
1639:
971:
1733:
1728:
462:
486:
faced a governability and credibility crisis. It was caused mainly by the difficult passage of the 2023 immigration and asylum bill, one of
1996:
1777:
275:
1691:
1259:
669:: the motion was unexpectedly passed in a 270–265 vote, meaning the bill was defeated without further consideration in the lower house.
1676:
316:
699:
government would overhaul the controversial "State Medical Assistance" (AME) system, a mechanism allowing illegal migrants to access
1857:
1845:
1760:
540:
502:
491:
409:
397:
128:
602:: the governing coalition remained the largest bloc in the National Assembly but now fell well short of an overall majority in the
591:
became the second female head of government in French history. She then formed a new government, the fourth since the start of the
1991:
1986:
1787:
1654:
662:
599:
580:
455:
296:
1080:""Darmanin est désavoué", "le début de la fin" : les réactions de l'opposition après le rejet du projet de loi immigration"
1634:
1349:
770:
737:
among others, reportedly met in the evening of the 19 December and threatened to resign if the bill was passed later that day.
1755:
1708:
1701:
756:
abstaining (32) or voting against it (27), the largest parliamentary rebellion against a sitting government since the 1970s.
343:
1385:
1062:"Vote de la motion de rejet : 1978, 1998, 2008… avant la loi Immigration, ces autres textes qui ont connu le même sort"
863:
1586:
1522:
592:
529:
521:
284:
1815:
1242:"Loi immigration : Macron envisage de demander une deuxième délibération si la loi est adoptée grâce aux voix du RN"
990:"European elections: Jordan Bardella's list (RN) credited at 30%, far ahead of the majority, according to an Ifop survey"
380:
1550:
1026:"Le projet de loi " immigration " adopté par la commission des lois de l'Assemblée nationale, dans une version remaniée"
745:
211:
838:"Le Président de la République a nommé Mme Elisabeth BORNE, Première ministre et l'a chargée de former un Gouvernement"
672:
The vote, marking the first time a sitting government was defeated on such motion in 15 years, effectively plunged the
1696:
338:
1971:
1881:
676:
into crisis. Darmanin offered his resignation to Macron later in the evening, but Macron refused it. RN party leader
1453:
1421:
633:
In early February 2023, the immigration & asylum bill was introduced in the Senate after it was approved by the
532:. The conservative-dominated joint committee agreed on a much tougher bill which earned the surprise endorsement of
1981:
1602:
1368:"Champagne and luxury watches: the undeclared gifts from the pharmaceutical industry to the new Minister of Health"
525:
443:
1782:
1597:
700:
625:
In August 2022, Interior and Overseas Minister Gérald Darmanin announced that the government would introduce an
1966:
1947:
1850:
1515:
692:
607:
584:
513:
509:
437:
402:
567:, the most popular figure in the outgoing Borne ministry, was appointed as PM on 9 January. He then formed a
784:
619:
1976:
1134:"Loi Immigration : le gouvernement et les Républicains ont trouvé un accord sur la question des APL"
1827:
1659:
1561:
301:
787:
became embroiled in scandal over corruption allegations, raising doubts over her future in government.
571:
from which he and Macron sacked the near-entirety of ministers who had rebelled in late December 2023.
1938:
1629:
730:
714:
procedures and the implementation of a "return deposit" for foreign students coming from outside the
711:
634:
611:
551:
166:
1296:"Immigration law: Sylvie Retailleau offered her resignation, turned down by the Élysée and Matignon"
225:
1772:
1553:
1332:"Avant un probable remaniement, les ministres contestataires de l'aile gauche défendent leur place"
615:
568:
1404:"Remaniement : François Bayrou, qui plaide pour " un changement ", a un favori pour Matignon"
741:
1887:
1622:
749:
588:
505:
190:
103:
1224:"Immigration law: Macronist left-leaning ministers threaten to resign if the bill is too harsh"
1188:"Le Pen claims 'ideological victory' after French lawmakers approve contested immigration bill"
1644:
1607:
734:
555:
498:
765:
Macron and Borne gave her reassurances on the measures affecting foreign students in France.
1617:
1612:
817:
812:
726:
673:
637:: a few weeks later, the bill's passage was halted after the government narrowly survived a
483:
200:
146:
1875:
1720:
1686:
1538:
677:
666:
626:
487:
424:
350:
269:
264:
241:
153:
99:
544:
1681:
1649:
715:
333:
323:
183:
1960:
1920:
1671:
800:
598:
A month into its tenure, the Borne government lost its parliamentary majority in the
564:
533:
517:
328:
196:
1458:
1206:"Immigration law: "it's strategy", how the RN's maneuver put the majority on fire"
614:, Macron refused Borne's resignation offer and instead tasked her with forming a
654:
603:
554:
immediately resigned to protest against it. Meanwhile Higher Education Minister
1893:
1278:"French health minister quits as immigration law splits Macron's ruling party"
1152:"Immigration bill: Borne announces State Medical Assistance reform early 2024"
429:
882:"Macron urges minority government to 'hang in there' after cabinet reshuffle"
1454:"Who is Gabriel Attal, the French PM who climbed the ranks in record time?"
1098:"France to send controversial immigration bill to special joint commission"
900:"Report de la loi immigration : le gouvernement préfère " consulter ""
1426:
1314:"Macron's migration crisis deepens as PM admits bill is unconstitutional"
936:"French PM delays immigration bill due to lack of parliamentary majority"
725:
Additionally, prominent left-leaning ministers, such as Culture Minister
707:
1260:"French parliament adopts toughened immigration law backed by far right"
1044:"French parliament rejects Macron's immigration bill in surprise vote"
864:"Macron faces 5 years of gridlock after stunning parliamentary defeat"
1170:"French lawmakers strike tentative deal on toughened immigration law"
606:. In spite of calls for Borne to resign as PM and the refusal from
1713:
1507:
497:
The immigration reform bill was a draft legislation introduced in
355:
1740:
2022 votes of no confidence in the government of Élisabeth Borne
1008:"French Sénat approves immigration bill after making it harsher"
1511:
15:
972:"European elections: the RN widens the gap with the majority"
954:"Emmanuel Macron's popularity plummets as his country burns"
550:
After the bill was passed on 19 December, Health Minister
918:"What's in the French government's new immigration bill?"
1577:
Assistant General Secretary of the President (2005–2006)
1386:"Macron keeps France guessing as reshuffle rumors swirl"
744:, President Macron, advised to do so by close ally and
182:
Passage of the immigration bill thanks to support from
43:
536:, causing confusion and anger inside Macronist ranks.
1903:
1868:
1835:
1585:
1570:
Minister of Economics, Industry and Digital Affairs
173:
162:
139:
118:
110:
490:'s flagship manifesto commitments made during the
1486:"Attal government: macronism shifts to the right"
773:to appease concerns raised inside his coalition.
783:Additionally, freshly-appointed Health Minister
1422:"French Prime Minister Elisabeth Borne resigns"
547:, announced they would vote against the bill.
1927:Emmanuel Macron, les coulisses d'une victoire
1523:
1350:"Macron in crisis after immigration showdown"
463:
8:
68:
512:parties, in particular by the conservative
63:Crisis ending Élisabeth Borne's premiership
1793:2024 French protests against the far-right
1530:
1516:
1508:
618:. In early July, Borne survived the first
470:
456:
216:
67:
124:2023 French immigration & asylum bill
1766:March 2023 French votes of no confidence
740:After convening a crisis meeting at the
579:In May 2022, as it is customary after a
539:Several ministers, in a major breach of
1798:French anti-Barnier government protests
829:
769:after, Macron referred the bill to the
219:
1665:2019–2020 French pension reform strike
541:collective ministerial responsibility
516:(LR) who both hold a majority in the
7:
1778:State visit by Charles III to France
44:move details into the article's body
1692:Institut national du service public
1466:from the original on 9 January 2024
1434:from the original on 8 January 2024
1677:Christchurch Call to Action Summit
127:Poor polling figures ahead of the
69:2023–2024 French government crisis
14:
1761:2023 French pension reform unrest
1640:2017 Lebanon–Saudi Arabia dispute
129:2024 European Parliament election
1943:
1942:
1826:
1788:2024 French legislative election
508:. It was received negatively by
436:
270:Minister of Economy and Industry
224:
87:
80:
20:
1635:Presidential Council for Africa
622:tabled against her government.
581:presidential election in France
114:11 December 2023–9 January 2024
1756:2023 French pension reform law
1709:Franco-Greek defence agreement
1374:(in French). 21 December 2023.
1248:(in French). 19 December 2023.
1230:(in French). 19 December 2023.
1212:(in French). 20 December 2023.
1158:(in French). 18 December 2023.
1140:(in French). 19 December 2023.
1122:(in French). 17 December 2023.
1086:(in French). 11 December 2023.
1068:(in French). 12 December 2023.
996:(in French). 15 December 2023.
791:Resignation of Élisabeth Borne
733:or Transports deputy minister
641:over its pension reform plan.
600:June 2022 legislative election
156:to replace Borne with a new PM
1:
1725:French government reshuffles
1032:(in French). 2 December 2023.
978:(in French). 17 October 2023.
530:joint parliamentary committee
149:to ditch the immigration bill
1492:(in French). 11 January 2023
1410:(in French). 7 January 2024.
1338:(in French). 4 January 2024.
212:2024 French political crisis
133:Scandals affecting ministers
1997:Political history of France
906:(in French). 4 August 2022.
661:on a preliminary dismissal
2013:
492:2022 presidential election
209:
1936:
1824:
1783:2024 New Caledonia unrest
1545:
583:, Macron appointed a new
73:
1882:Laurence Auzière-Jourdan
1816:2023 France–China Summit
844:(in French). 16 May 2022
233:This article is part of
1992:2024 in French politics
1987:2023 in French politics
620:motion of no confidence
771:Constitutional Council
691:chief negotiator with
501:on 1 February 2023 by
482:In December 2023, the
1660:Yellow vests protests
302:Yellow vests protests
1562:Co-Prince of Andorra
785:Agnès Firmin-Le Bodo
718:among other things.
712:family reunification
639:no-confidence motion
635:Council of Ministers
1939:← François Hollande
1911:Political positions
1773:Nahel Merzouk riots
1554:President of France
1356:. 20 December 2023.
1320:. 20 December 2023.
1302:. 21 December 2023.
1284:. 20 December 2023.
1266:. 19 December 2023.
1194:. 20 December 2023.
1176:. 19 December 2023.
1104:. 12 December 2023.
1050:. 11 December 2023.
1014:. 14 November 2023.
616:minority government
612:coalition agreement
569:minority government
292:Political positions
70:
1888:Jean-Michel Macron
1462:. 9 January 2024.
1430:. 8 January 2024.
924:. 1 February 2023.
760:Government turmoil
729:, Health Minister
608:opposition parties
167:Ensemble coalition
1982:Government crises
1954:
1953:
1697:COVID-19 pandemic
1645:Paris Peace Forum
1630:Opération Chammal
1392:. 5 January 2024.
731:Aurélien Rousseau
593:Macron Presidency
556:Sylvie Retailleau
552:Aurélien Rousseau
526:National Assembly
503:Interior Minister
480:
479:
339:COVID-19 pandemic
251:
250:
208:
207:
179:Government revolt
169:MPs and ministers
61:
60:
40:length guidelines
2004:
1946:
1945:
1830:
1655:Protests against
1578:
1573:
1565:
1557:
1532:
1525:
1518:
1509:
1502:
1501:
1499:
1497:
1482:
1476:
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1303:
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1267:
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1196:
1195:
1184:
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1177:
1166:
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1130:
1124:
1123:
1112:
1106:
1105:
1094:
1088:
1087:
1076:
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1069:
1058:
1052:
1051:
1040:
1034:
1033:
1022:
1016:
1015:
1004:
998:
997:
986:
980:
979:
968:
962:
961:
960:. 28 March 2023.
950:
944:
943:
942:. 26 April 2023.
932:
926:
925:
914:
908:
907:
896:
890:
889:
878:
872:
871:
860:
854:
853:
851:
849:
834:
818:Attal government
813:Borne government
727:Rima Abdul-Malak
674:executive branch
627:immigration bill
522:balance of power
484:Borne government
472:
465:
458:
440:
381:2023 China visit
308:Pension strikes
259:Political career
247:
246:
244:
237:
236:
228:
221:
220:
217:
154:President Macron
91:
84:
71:
56:
53:
47:
38:Please read the
24:
23:
16:
2012:
2011:
2007:
2006:
2005:
2003:
2002:
2001:
1972:Élisabeth Borne
1967:Emmanuel Macron
1957:
1956:
1955:
1950:
1941:
1932:
1916:Opinion polling
1899:
1884:(step-daughter)
1876:Brigitte Macron
1864:
1831:
1822:
1721:Quirinal Treaty
1687:Normandy Format
1603:Second Philippe
1581:
1576:
1568:
1560:
1549:
1541:
1539:Emmanuel Macron
1536:
1506:
1505:
1495:
1493:
1484:
1483:
1479:
1469:
1467:
1452:
1451:
1447:
1437:
1435:
1420:
1419:
1415:
1408:Huffington Post
1402:
1401:
1397:
1384:
1383:
1379:
1366:
1365:
1361:
1348:
1347:
1343:
1336:Huffington Post
1330:
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1312:
1311:
1307:
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1271:
1258:
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1199:
1186:
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1145:
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1131:
1127:
1114:
1113:
1109:
1096:
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1078:
1077:
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1060:
1059:
1055:
1042:
1041:
1037:
1024:
1023:
1019:
1006:
1005:
1001:
988:
987:
983:
970:
969:
965:
952:
951:
947:
934:
933:
929:
916:
915:
911:
898:
897:
893:
880:
879:
875:
870:. 19 June 2022.
862:
861:
857:
847:
845:
836:
835:
831:
826:
809:
793:
762:
750:François Bayrou
701:Social Security
693:The Republicans
687:Borne, now the
678:Jordan Bardella
651:
589:Élisabeth Borne
577:
506:Gérald Darmanin
488:Emmanuel Macron
476:
441:
434:
425:Brigitte Macron
414:
387:
361:Opinion polling
351:Quirinal Treaty
288:
280:
273:
268:
243:Emmanuel Macron
242:
240:
239:
238:
234:
232:
231:
215:
195:Appointment of
191:Élisabeth Borne
189:Resignation of
106:
104:Élisabeth Borne
100:Emmanuel Macron
97:
96:
95:
94:
93:
92:
85:
64:
57:
51:
48:
37:
34:may be too long
29:This article's
25:
21:
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11:
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1723:
1718:
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1694:
1689:
1684:
1682:45th G7 summit
1679:
1674:
1669:
1668:
1667:
1662:
1652:
1650:Benalla affair
1647:
1642:
1637:
1632:
1627:
1626:
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1615:
1610:
1605:
1600:
1598:First Philippe
1591:
1589:
1583:
1582:
1580:
1579:
1574:
1566:
1564:(2017–present)
1558:
1556:(2017–present)
1546:
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1542:
1537:
1535:
1534:
1527:
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1512:
1504:
1503:
1477:
1445:
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1572:(2014–2016)
1138:Le Parisien
1120:France Info
1066:Le Parisien
655:upper house
604:lower house
514:Republicans
403:email leaks
344:Vaccination
276:Renaissance
272:(2014–2016)
1961:Categories
1587:Presidency
1496:12 January
848:31 January
824:References
665:tabled by
649:Parliament
575:Background
510:opposition
499:Parliament
430:Nemo (dog)
285:Presidency
147:government
1836:Elections
1490:Les Échos
1470:9 January
1438:8 January
1372:Mediapart
1300:Le Figaro
1282:France 24
1264:France 24
1228:Le Figaro
1210:Sud Ouest
1174:France 24
1102:France 24
1048:France 24
976:Le Figaro
940:France 24
886:France 24
842:elysee.fr
667:Green MPs
391:Elections
312:2019-2020
265:President
152:Pressure
42:and help
1948:Category
1890:(father)
1464:Archived
1432:Archived
1427:Euronews
1390:Politico
1354:Politico
1318:Politico
1192:Euractiv
1084:TF1 Info
1030:Le Monde
1012:Le Monde
994:Marianne
922:Le Monde
904:Le Monde
868:Politico
807:See also
708:Jus soli
689:de facto
520:and the
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297:Protests
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174:Outcome
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663:motion
518:Senate
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140:Motive
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119:Cause
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