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for a station in New York City proper; however, despite its heritage, there was minimal, if any, programming ever broadcast by WJX. Effective
December 1, 1921, the 360-meter wavelength was designated as the common "entertainment" broadcasting wavelength, and stations within a region had to devise timesharing agreements to allocate the hours during which they could operate. A mid-1922 agreement covering the New York City area did not even list WJX as being active. WJX continued to be included in the official government lists of stations holding licenses through early 1924, but contemporary newspapers and magazines providing station programming information do not contain any evidence that the station was actually on the air. In June 1924, WJX (along with 2XG) was officially deleted by the government.
169:, broadcast election returns that for the first time were transmitted in full audio instead of Morse code. This program featured telephoned bulletins supplied by the newspaper—which hailed the effort as "the first time the wireless telephone has been demonstrated as a practical, serviceable carrier of election news and comment"—and read over the air by "unassuming chap" Walter Schare. Also featured were Columbia recordings that included "'The Star Spangled Banner,' 'Columbia, the Gem of the Ocean,' 'Dixie,' 'America' and other airs long loved by Americans". Just before shutting down at 11:00 PM, the station incorrectly announced that Republican presidential candidate
79:
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founded the Radio
Telephone Company and began producing his own "sparkless" arc-transmitters. Between 1907 and 1910, de Forest made a number of demonstration entertainment broadcasts, and even spoke about developing news and entertainment broadcasting stations, but did not establish a regular service
245:
On
October 13, 1921, the De Forest company was issued a broadcasting station authorization in the form of a Limited Commercial license with the randomly assigned call letters WJX, operating on 360 meters (833 kilohertz) at its Sedgwick Avenue facility. This was the first broadcasting license issued
237:
The De Forest company eventually returned to the New York City airwaves on a more limited basis. In
December 1920, Vaughn De Leath made a return engagement of weekly concerts, and the next month there was a report that the De Forest laboratories were broadcasting a nightly concert between 7:30 and
217:
to take advantage of an offer by Emil J. Simon to use an antenna located atop the World's Tower building. This also brought the station's studio closer to artists in the theatrical district. However, the move had not been approved by government regulators, and the second district Radio
Inspector,
138:
would later recall: "The quality was quite good, and I used to listen to the station for hours at a time". De Forest initially used these broadcasts to advertise "the products of the De Forest Radio Co., mostly the radio parts, with all the zeal of our catalogue and price list", until comments by
126:
records from their offices at 102 West 38th Street in New York City—the phonograph company supplied records in exchange for the station "announcing the title and 'Columbia
Gramophone Company' with each playing". The debut program was aired on October 26, 1916, and it was announced that nightly
205:
worked as announcers, with
Richard Klein acting as program director. Phonograph records were now supplied by the Brunswick-Balke-Collender company, again in exchange for promotional announcements. There were also live performances, including multiple appearances by
230:, which operated as "The California Theater station", and developed an even more extensive program schedule. However, shortly thereafter, de Forest ceased involvement with radio work altogether, in order to concentrate on developing the
200:
Effective
October 1, 1919, the ban on civilian radio stations was ended, and the De Forest "Highbridge Station" soon renewed operation, once more with an experimental license and the callsign 2XG. For this revival Bob Gowen and
113:
De Forest had suspended broadcasting demonstrations in 1910, yet decided to showcase the capabilities of the new vacuum-tube transmitters by introducing a "wireless newspaper" making regular broadcasts of concerts and
238:
8:30. However, audio transmission and broadcasting experimentation by the company was now primarily conducted through experimental station 2XX, located at the home of De Forest's Chief
Engineer, Robert Gowen, in
658:
106:
for audio transmissions. The company now concentrated on developing vacuum-tube equipment, including "Oscillion" transmitter tubes. In the summer of 1915, the company received a license for an
404:, July 1915, page 3. The "2" in 2XG's call sign indicated that the station was located in the second Radio Inspection district, while the "X" signified that it held an Experimental license.
285:
118:. There were no formal government regulations restricting broadcasting at this time, so the company was free to transmit these programs over 2XG. Arrangements were made with the
2710:
308:, June 1907, pages 681-685: "the inventor believes that by using four different forms of wave as many classes of music can be sent out as desired by the different subscribers".
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and licensed to the De Forest Radio
Telephone and Telegraph Company from 1915 to 1917 and 1920 to 1924. In 1916, it became the first radio station employing a
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505:, November 6, 1912, page 5, broadcast by the Tech Wireless Club station at Carnegie Technical School in Pittsburgh), "Harvard Wireless Club Gets Returns" (
376:
which, had I but realized it, would have caused me to unceremoniously dump into the ash can all of the fine arc mechanisms which I had ever constructed..."
266:
made regular radio broadcasts, but operated an arc-transmitter. He switched to a vacuum-tube transmitter when he resumed broadcasting activities in 1921.
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541:, November 8, 1916, page 6. In his 1950 autobiography, Lee de Forest credited himself as the "chief announcer" for the election broadcast.
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De Forest, page 351: De Forest claimed that at the time he was informed that "there is no room in the ether for entertainment".
173:
had won; however, the next day it was learned that late totals from California had tilted the election in Democratic candidate
127:
transmissions of news interspersed with Columbia recordings would be sent from the Highbridge laboratory beginning November 1.
714:
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on April 6, 1917, all civilian radio stations were ordered shut down, and 2XG was silenced for the duration of the conflict.
134:
operators. An early report stated that 2XG was broadcasting on "a wave length of approximately 800 meters" (375 kilohertz).
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Initially all radio stations used spark transmitters, which could only transmit Morse code messages. In 1904,
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Some of the programming was oriented toward a more general audience. On the night of the November 7, 1916
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The Airwaves of New York: Illustrated Histories of 156 AM Stations in the Metropolitan Area, 1921-1996
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368:, 1950, page 243. De Forest noted that he had been "totally unaware of the fact that in the little
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Examples of election results sent in Morse code for the 1912 U.S. Presidential election included
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509:, November 6, 1912, page 3, broadcast by the Charlestown, Massachusetts Navy Yard station),
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525:, November 6, 1912, page 6, broadcast by the Federal Telegraph station at San Francisco).
517:, November 8, 1912, page 1, broadcast by the Navy's Mare Island, California station) and
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tube, which I was then using only as a radio detector, lay dormant the principle of
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in March, taking the 2XG transmitter with him, where he established a new station,
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invented an "arc-transmitter" capable of transmitting full audio, and in late 1906
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on a regular schedule, and, on November 7, 1916, became the first to broadcast
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210:—for these broadcasts she earned the sobriquet "The Original Radio Girl".
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177:'s favor. It was estimated that 7,000 persons received the broadcast.
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In early 1920, the 2XG transmitter was moved from the Bronx to
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The concerts continued, with listeners reported as far away at
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34:, also known as the "Highbridge Station", was an experimental
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located at the Highbridge laboratory, with the callsign 2XG.
82:
Lee de Forest broadcasting Columbia phonograph records (1916)
677:
by Bill Jaker, Frank Sulek, and Peter Kanze, 1998, page 101.
659:"U.S. Farmers to Hear Concerts by Wireless at Own Firesides"
535:"American's Returns Sent 200 Miles by Wireless Telephone"
687:"Make First Co-operative Effort to Equalize Air Usage"
143:
engineers caused him to eliminate the sales messages.
482:"Election Returns Flashed by Radio to 7,000 Amateurs"
356:, November 4, 1916, page 52. (mtr.arcade-museum.com)
86:
In 1914, de Forest established a laboratory at 1391
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366:
Father of Radio: The Autobiography of Lee de Forest
765:This area also includes the following counties in
350:"Columbia Used to Demonstrate Wireless Telephone"
618:"The Empire of the Air: The Pioneer Broadcaster"
665:, January 16, 1921, page 3. (fultonhistory.com)
730:
8:
302:"Wireless Telephony by the De Forest System"
292:, March 7, 1907, page 8. (fultonhistory.com)
2711:Defunct radio stations in the United States
150:Charles Logwood broadcasting at 2XG in 1916
46:transmitter to make news and entertainment
27:Experimental radio station in New York City
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715:
477:
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421:
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649:, January 1, 1921, page 10. (archive.org)
604:"Famous 'Radio Girl' Now Own Director",
488:, January 1917, page 650. (archive.org)
278:
255:
580:"Dance to Wireless Music 40 Miles Off"
499:"Local Wireless Men Pick Up Much News"
345:
343:
306:The American Monthly Review of Reviews
2701:Radio stations disestablished in 1924
622:Spokane (Washington) Spokesman-Review
398:"New Stations: Special Land Stations"
54:returns by spoken word instead of by
7:
693:, June 1922, page 12. (archive.org)
608:, July 29, 1923, Section D, Page 5.
511:"Election News is Sent by Wireless"
161:Wilson-Hughes presidential election
130:2XG's original audience was mostly
2696:Radio stations established in 1915
2564:List of radio stations in New York
25:
2603:with extended nighttime coverage.
551:"American's Bulletins Win Praise"
286:"Wireless 'Phone Transmits Music"
2609:Under a "Shared Time" agreement.
2686:Radio stations in New York City
2632:Audio from channel 6 TV station
2625:Defunct internet radio station.
519:"Wireless Gives Island Returns"
333:"Radio Telephone Experiments",
324:, March 5, 1910, pages 293-294.
163:, 2XG, in conjunction with the
460:by Carl Dreher, 1977, page 41.
1:
1368:by frequency & subchannel
624:, February 27, 1932, page 11.
426:"DeForest Wireless Telephone"
196:Post-World War I reactivation
182:Cape Hatteras, North Carolina
155:1916 election night broadcast
703:"Strike Out All Particulars"
586:, December 31, 1916, page 4.
458:Sarnoff: An American Success
122:record company to broadcast
2571:Mass media in New York City
570:, November 8, 1916, page 6.
557:, November 9, 1916, page 4.
486:The Electrical Experimenter
2727:
2481:New York metropolitan area
1325:Radio Maria Estados Unidos
184:. A "radio dance" held in
52:U.S. presidential election
2474:
2426:WJY (Hoboken, New Jersey)
761:
469:De Forest, pages 337-338.
318:"Grand Opera by Wireless"
448:, January 1917, page 26.
2371:Art International Radio
2325:Voice of NY Radio Korea
1302:Radio Maria Stati Uniti
709:, July 1, 1924, page 9.
643:"Sings Over Radiophone"
566:"Returns by Wireless",
442:"A Concert by Wireless"
62:Pre-World War I history
2601:Clear-channel stations
2479:Radio stations in the
1289:Chinese Radio New York
707:Radio Service Bulletin
432:, April 1917, page 72.
402:Radio Service Bulletin
354:The Music Trade Review
234:sound-on-film system.
186:Morristown, New Jersey
151:
83:
2544:Poughkeepsie-Kingston
1297:radio reading service
149:
81:
2525:Other nearby regions
595:De Forest, page 350.
413:De Forest, page 337.
337:, May 1910, page 63.
304:by Herbert T. Wade,
171:Charles Evans Hughes
120:Columbia Graphophone
108:experimental station
2662:40.8422°N 73.9273°W
2658: /
2539:Middletown-Newburgh
2496:Lower Hudson Valley
2456:WPAT-FM (1949–1951)
2451:WBBR/WPOW (1330 AM)
2431:WJY (New York City)
2335:Radio Free Brooklyn
2305:D100 Radio New York
262:From 1912 to 1917,
2691:Experimental radio
2441:WMGM-FM (100.3 FM)
2310:East Village Radio
1345:NOAA Weather Radio
755:Newark, New Jersey
745:Radio stations in
523:San Francisco Call
240:Ossining, New York
152:
98:in New York City.
84:
2706:Highbridge, Bronx
2667:40.8422; -73.9273
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2381:New Country Y-107
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555:New York American
539:New York American
220:Arthur Batcheller
166:New York American
16:(Redirected from
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104:arc-transmitters
68:Valdemar Poulsen
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88:Sedgwick Avenue
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1203:
1202:
1197:
1189:
1184:
1178:
1176:
1167:
1166:
1161:
1156:
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1146:
1141:
1136:
1131:
1126:
1121:
1116:
1111:
1106:
1101:
1096:
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1086:
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1076:
1071:
1066:
1061:
1056:
1051:
1046:
1041:
1036:
1031:
1026:
1025:
1024:
1019:
1014:
1006:
1001:
996:
995:
994:
989:
981:
976:
971:
966:
960:
958:
951:
950:
948:
947:
941:
939:
926:
925:
923:
922:
917:
912:
907:
902:
897:
892:
887:
882:
877:
872:
867:
862:
857:
852:
847:
842:
837:
832:
827:
822:
817:
812:
807:
801:
799:
792:
791:
789:
788:
783:
778:
773:
762:
759:
758:
744:
742:
741:
734:
727:
719:
712:
711:
695:
679:
667:
651:
635:
626:
610:
597:
588:
584:New York Times
572:
568:New York Times
559:
543:
527:
490:
471:
462:
450:
434:
415:
406:
390:
378:
358:
339:
326:
310:
294:
277:
275:
272:
269:
268:
254:
253:
251:
248:
197:
194:
175:Woodrow Wilson
156:
153:
116:news bulletins
75:at this time.
63:
60:
30:Radio station
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2723:
2712:
2709:
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2527:
2524:
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2517:
2514:
2512:
2511:New Brunswick
2509:
2507:
2504:
2502:
2499:
2497:
2494:
2492:
2489:
2488:
2487:
2486:New York City
2484:
2482:
2478:
2477:
2473:
2467:
2464:
2462:
2459:
2457:
2454:
2452:
2449:
2447:
2446:WNBC (660 AM)
2444:
2442:
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2434:
2432:
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2427:
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2399:
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2379:
2377:
2376:Jukebox Radio
2374:
2372:
2369:
2367:
2364:
2363:
2361:
2357:
2351:
2348:
2346:
2345:The Lot Radio
2343:
2341:
2338:
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2333:
2331:
2328:
2326:
2323:
2321:
2320:Newtown Radio
2318:
2316:
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2301:
2298:
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2133:
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2029:
2026:
2022:
2019:
2018:
2017:
2014:
2012:
2009:
2005:
2002:
2000:
1997:
1996:
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1992:
1990:
1987:
1985:
1982:
1978:
1975:
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1948:
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1911:
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1393:
1391:
1388:
1386:
1383:
1381:
1378:
1376:
1373:
1372:
1370:
1366:
1365:Digital radio
1362:
1356:
1353:
1352:
1350:
1346:
1342:
1336:
1333:
1330:
1326:
1323:
1321:
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1316:
1312:
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1307:
1303:
1300:
1298:
1295:
1292:
1290:
1287:
1285:
1281:
1280:
1278:
1276:
1275:FM subcarrier
1271:
1261:
1258:
1256:
1253:
1251:
1248:
1246:
1243:
1241:
1238:
1236:
1233:
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1135:
1132:
1130:
1127:
1125:
1122:
1120:
1117:
1115:
1112:
1110:
1107:
1105:
1102:
1100:
1097:
1095:
1092:
1090:
1087:
1085:
1082:
1080:
1077:
1075:
1072:
1070:
1067:
1065:
1062:
1060:
1057:
1055:
1052:
1050:
1047:
1045:
1042:
1040:
1037:
1035:
1032:
1030:
1027:
1023:
1020:
1018:
1015:
1013:
1010:
1009:
1007:
1005:
1002:
1000:
997:
993:
990:
988:
985:
984:
982:
980:
977:
975:
972:
970:
967:
965:
962:
961:
959:
957:
952:
946:
943:
942:
940:
938:
935:
931:
927:
921:
918:
916:
913:
911:
908:
906:
903:
901:
898:
896:
893:
891:
888:
886:
883:
881:
878:
876:
873:
871:
868:
866:
863:
861:
858:
856:
853:
851:
848:
846:
843:
841:
838:
836:
833:
831:
828:
826:
823:
821:
818:
816:
813:
811:
808:
806:
803:
802:
800:
798:
793:
787:
784:
782:
779:
777:
774:
772:
768:
764:
763:
760:
756:
752:
751:Five Boroughs
748:
747:New York City
740:
735:
733:
728:
726:
721:
720:
717:
708:
704:
699:
696:
692:
688:
683:
680:
676:
671:
668:
664:
663:New York Call
660:
655:
652:
648:
647:The Billboard
644:
639:
636:
630:
627:
623:
619:
614:
611:
607:
606:Boston Herald
601:
598:
592:
589:
585:
581:
576:
573:
569:
563:
560:
556:
552:
547:
544:
540:
536:
531:
528:
524:
520:
516:
512:
508:
504:
500:
494:
491:
487:
483:
478:
476:
472:
466:
463:
459:
454:
451:
447:
443:
438:
435:
431:
427:
422:
420:
416:
410:
407:
403:
399:
394:
391:
387:
382:
379:
375:
371:
367:
362:
359:
355:
351:
346:
344:
340:
336:
330:
327:
323:
319:
314:
311:
307:
303:
298:
295:
291:
287:
282:
279:
273:
265:
259:
256:
249:
247:
243:
241:
235:
233:
229:
225:
224:San Francisco
221:
216:
211:
209:
204:
195:
193:
191:
187:
183:
178:
176:
172:
168:
167:
162:
154:
148:
144:
142:
137:
133:
132:amateur radio
128:
125:
121:
117:
111:
109:
105:
101:
97:
93:
89:
80:
76:
73:
72:Lee de Forest
69:
61:
59:
57:
53:
49:
45:
41:
40:New York City
37:
36:radio station
33:
19:
2643:
2386:W2XEA/KE2XCC
2365:
2300:8-Ball Radio
956:FM frequency
797:AM frequency
706:
698:
690:
682:
674:
670:
662:
654:
646:
638:
629:
621:
613:
605:
600:
591:
583:
575:
567:
562:
554:
546:
538:
530:
522:
514:
506:
502:
493:
485:
465:
457:
453:
445:
437:
429:
409:
401:
393:
385:
381:
373:
365:
361:
353:
334:
329:
321:
313:
305:
297:
289:
281:
258:
244:
236:
212:
199:
179:
164:
158:
129:
112:
85:
65:
31:
29:
2665: /
2615:Station is
2581:TV stations
2491:Long Island
1212:Translators
507:Boston Post
388:, page 332.
374:oscillation
203:Bill Garity
190:World War I
136:Carl Dreher
100:Vacuum-tube
44:vacuum-tube
38:located in
2680:Categories
2653:73°55′38″W
2650:40°50′32″N
2586:Newspapers
2529:Bridgeport
2506:Morristown
2396:W31NY/WFMN
2340:Soho Radio
767:New Jersey
274:References
124:phonograph
92:Highbridge
56:Morse code
48:broadcasts
1676:call sign
1348:frequency
1335:RBC Radio
1320:ICN Radio
322:Telephony
232:Phonofilm
215:Manhattan
2560:See also
2330:Pulse 87
2315:KPISS.fm
2293:Internet
1294:Gatewave
2554:Trenton
2534:Danbury
2366:2XG/WJX
2359:Defunct
2279:WYNE-LP
2257:WXNY-FM
2208:WWPR-FM
2164:WSKQ-FM
2147:WQXR-FM
2137:WQEQ-LP
2132:WPSC-FM
2105:WPAT-FM
2090:WNYZ-LD
2085:WNYU-FM
2058:WNYC-FM
2038:WNEW-FM
1967:WKCR-FM
1950:WINS-FM
1930:WHCR-FM
1903:WFME-FM
1864:WFAN-FM
1854:WEPN-FM
1844:WDMB-LP
1827:WCBS-FM
1822:WBQE-LP
1665:107.5-1
1660:106.7-2
1655:106.7-1
1650:105.9-2
1645:105.9-1
1640:105.1-3
1635:105.1-2
1630:105.1-1
1625:104.3-2
1620:104.3-1
1615:103.5-3
1610:103.5-2
1605:103.5-1
1600:102.7-1
1595:101.9-3
1590:101.9-2
1585:101.9-1
1580:101.1-3
1575:101.1-2
1570:101.1-1
1565:100.3-1
1329:Spanish
1306:Italian
1200:WQEQ-LP
1195:WDMB-LP
1012:WHCR-FM
992:WNYU-FM
786:Passaic
90:in the
2617:silent
2516:Sussex
1734:WA2XMN
1729:W300EI
1724:W284BW
1719:W276AQ
1714:W272DX
1709:W268BY
1704:W252CS
1699:W248CG
1694:W236CH
1689:W220EJ
1560:99.1-3
1555:99.1-2
1550:99.1-1
1545:97.9-1
1540:97.1-1
1535:96.7-3
1530:96.7-2
1525:96.7-1
1520:96.3-4
1515:96.3-3
1510:96.3-2
1505:96.3-1
1500:95.5-4
1495:95.5-3
1490:95.5-2
1485:95.5-1
1480:94.7-3
1475:94.7-2
1470:94.7-1
1465:93.9-3
1460:93.9-2
1455:93.9-1
1450:93.1-1
1445:92.3-3
1440:92.3-2
1435:92.3-1
1430:90.7-2
1425:90.7-1
1420:89.9-3
1415:89.9-2
1410:89.9-1
1405:89.5-2
1400:89.5-1
1395:89.1-3
1390:89.1-2
1385:89.1-1
1380:88.3-2
1375:88.3-1
1355:162.55
1191:105.5
781:Hudson
771:Bergen
753:) and
370:audion
2595:Notes
2391:W2XMN
1684:KWO35
1260:107.9
1255:104.7
1250:103.1
1245:102.3
1240:101.5
1187:102.3
1164:107.5
1159:106.7
1154:105.9
1149:105.1
1144:104.3
1139:103.9
1134:103.5
1129:102.7
1124:101.9
1119:101.1
1114:100.3
1008:90.3
983:89.1
776:Essex
749:(the
386:Ibid.
250:Notes
96:Bronx
2466:WWDX
2461:WRNY
2436:WLWL
2416:WGYN
2411:WEVD
2350:WBAR
2284:WZRC
2240:WXBK
2235:WWRV
2230:WWRU
2225:WWRL
2203:WVOX
2198:WVNJ
2186:WVBN
2174:WSOU
2169:WSNR
2159:WSIA
2142:WQHT
2110:WPLJ
2100:WPAT
2080:WNYM
2075:WNYE
2053:WNYC
2048:WNVU
2043:WNSW
2033:WMSC
2028:WMCA
2016:WLTW
2011:WLIB
1994:WKTU
1989:WKRB
1984:WKDM
1945:WINS
1940:WHTZ
1935:WHSQ
1925:WGHT
1913:WFUV
1908:WFMU
1898:WFME
1881:WFDU
1859:WFAN
1849:WEPN
1817:WBLS
1805:WBGO
1800:WBBR
1795:WBAI
1778:WAWZ
1766:WAXQ
1749:WARW
1744:WADO
1739:WABC
1273:Via
1235:98.3
1230:97.5
1225:95.1
1220:91.9
1182:95.9
1174:LPFM
1109:99.5
1104:99.1
1099:98.7
1094:97.9
1089:97.1
1084:96.7
1079:96.3
1074:95.5
1069:94.7
1064:93.9
1059:93.5
1054:93.1
1049:92.7
1044:92.3
1039:91.5
1034:91.1
1029:90.7
1022:WMSC
1017:WKRB
1004:89.9
999:89.5
987:WFDU
979:88.9
974:88.7
969:88.3
964:87.7
945:42.8
930:Apex
920:1660
915:1600
910:1560
905:1500
900:1480
895:1460
890:1430
885:1380
880:1330
875:1280
870:1190
865:1160
860:1130
855:1050
850:1010
2629:5.
2623:4.
2613:3.
2607:2.
2598:1.
2406:WDY
2401:WDT
2272:HD4
2267:HD3
2262:HD2
2250:HD3
2245:HD2
2218:HD3
2213:HD2
2191:HD2
2179:HD2
2152:HD2
2125:HD4
2120:HD3
2115:HD2
2095:WOR
2068:HD3
2063:HD2
2021:HD2
2004:HD3
1999:HD2
1977:HD3
1972:HD2
1960:HD3
1955:HD2
1918:HD2
1891:HD3
1886:HD2
1874:HD3
1869:HD2
1837:HD3
1832:HD2
1810:HD2
1788:HD3
1783:HD2
1771:HD2
1759:HD3
1754:HD2
1674:By
1315:kHz
1313:92
1284:kHz
1282:67
954:By
934:VHF
845:970
840:930
835:880
830:820
825:770
820:710
815:660
810:620
805:570
795:By
446:QST
430:QST
228:6XC
32:2XG
18:2XG
2682::
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242:.
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