579:. The first objective for 140 Bde was a line clear of High Wood (the Switch Line), the second was the Starfish Line on the forward slope, after which 1/6th Londons would pass through to take the Flers Line. The leading waves were engaged in heavy fighting and the brigade got to the Starfish Line, after which 1/6th pressed on. The battalion suffered badly from enfilade machine-gun fire from the direction of High Wood (which had still not been cleared), when 'whole waves of men were mown down in line'. Although a few men reached the Flers Line it could not be held, and the remaining two officers and 100 men (including 50 who came up from the transport lines) consolidated a position known as the Cough Drop, a group of German trenches in a valley west of Flers, though their position was unknown to headquarters. The following day a follow-up attack linked up with the 1/6th holding out in the Cough Drop, and at dawn on 18 September the battalion contributed to a mixed force that succeeded in occupying the Flers Line. The 1/6th was relieved in the Cough Drop on the morning of 20 September. The regiment received the battle honour
734:. For six weeks the village had been attacked by British, Australian and New Zealand troops, and it was fully in their hands by 17 May. The 2/6th Londons entered the ruined village the following day and their task was to capture Bovis Trench beyond the village. A and B Companies made the attack behind a barrage, the other two companies protecting the flanks. But the attackers could not recognise the shelled-out trench that was their objective, so they went 200 yards beyond it and then tried to dig in. Having lost direction, a gap had opened between them and C Company on the left flank, into which enemy parties infiltrated. The attackers had already suffered badly from the German defensive barrage, and now the battalion was reduced to small parties, which were forced back by a German counter-attack. This failure cost the newly arrived battalion roughly half its strength in officers and men. It was unable to make a major effort for several months, although it did support an attack on the Hindenburg Line north of Bullecourt by
411:, for annual training on Sunday 2 August 1914 when news reached them of the mobilisation of the Continental Powers. The battalion immediately entrained for London and the men returned to their homes, whence they were summoned the following day (3 August) to Farringdon Road in anticipation of the official mobilisation orders, which were issued on 4 August. Within a day or so the battalion was at full strength, having been joined by about 200 recruits from the KRRC Cadets. Like the other London TF units, a sufficiently high proportion of the CLR volunteered for foreign service to make the battalion eligible to be sent overseas. The men who did not so volunteer, or were unfit, were constituted as a second battalion to which the flood of new recruits were directed. This was named the 2/6th Londons, the service battalion becoming the 1/6th Londons. Later a reserve battalion, named 3/6th Londons, was organised to train and supply drafts to the other battalions serving overseas.
1500:. The brigade's advance parties reached the vital road and rail bridges at Nijmegen on 20 September while the fighting for them was still going on. The brigade's columns following up were twice attacked from the air and on 22 September their approach to Nijmegen was halted by German tanks and infantry covering the roads. 123 LAA Regiment took up emergency positions and engaged these ground targets at close range. The enemy were beaten off but the AA units suffered significant casualties. At Nijmegen, 123 LAA Rgt provided the close protection element of a major AA deployment to defend the bridges. German aircraft swarmed over the bridges, which were also shelled and mortared. On 26 September there were 16 separate raids trying to knock out the bridges by fast low-level bombing, employing the new
666:. The defences were rudimentary, and the Germans attacked the following day. At first the attacks fell on the neighbouring battalions on both flanks, but the 1/6th's fire on these attacks attracted a frontal attack, which penetrated between the 1/6th and the 1/15th Londons to the right. The position on the ridge was now enfiladed and casualties mounted under repeated attacks, including ground attack aircraft. The position was restored by a counter-attack led by the commanding officer and including all available men at Battalion HQ. The battalion's casualties on this day were heavy, amounting to 13 officers and 369 other ranks, many of whom were captured as their positions were rolled up.
1725:
806:
651:
Chateau was still uncaptured, the supporting tanks bogged, and the surroundings being covered by enemy fire, the battalion had to improvise. Company
Sergeant-Major C. Bitten of B Company climbed onto the chateau ruins and threw grenades and bricks at the enemy machine-gun teams, who scattered, allowing the battalion to occupy the position. While battalion HQ was set up in the chateau ruins, the battalion advanced behind a barrage to take the outbuildings and German reserve line. Two officers and 30 other ranks were killed in the attack, and 81 all ranks wounded – a comparatively low number for the period.
1251:
1772:
498:
639:
555:
1/6th Bn was stationed. The
Germans began their attack at 19.45, taking most of the front line, and at 22.00 the 1/6th was ordered to make a counter-attack to restore the position. The battalion made some progress, but its flanks were 'in the air'. At 02.00 on 22 May it attacked again, but once again the flanking units were held up. However, the Germans had achieved their object (to destroy the British mine shafts under the ridge) and withdrew on the flanks, so that the positions recaptured by the 1/6th became the new British front line for months to come.
1764:
1710:
890:
750:. Its task was to leap-frog through the 2/8th and 2/5th Bns making the initial attacks, and then turn right to attack the German lines in flank with the support of tanks. All the objectives were quickly taken, together with numerous prisoners, and with relatively few casualties mainly from the German defensive barrage. As the battalion consolidated its gains, messages sent by dog and carrier-pigeon brought down supporting artillery fire on any German troops seen attempting to form up for counter-attacks.
564:
592:. Next day the battalion seized the old mill west of Eaucourt l'Abbaye. From here the battalion observed the enemy digging a new trench on the Butte, and 140 Bde was ordered to attack it and go on to take the mound. Because of its losses, 1/6th was not involved in the unsuccessful attacks over the next two days, but it suffered badly from retaliatory shellfire. It was relieved on the night of 9/10 October. This action won the regiment the battle honour
1815:
66:
83:
988:
490:
1560:. The huge concentration of troops and equipment in the 48 hours before D-Day (24 March) required proportionally large AA forces, and 123 LAA Rgt was one of five HAA and eight LAA regiments that were secretly moved up, dug in and concealed, with their vehicles sent back to the rear. 123 LAA Regiment was positioned to protect
1794:
On the N pillar of the nave doorway is a crude wooden cross, originally erected on the battlefield at Loos to mark the mass grave of 87 officers and men of the battalion who fell there on 25 September 1915. The cross was made by
Riflemen Luce and Garnsey and stood throughout the war until replaced by
857:
When the unit returned to action in
October, it was pursuing at about 10 miles a day, skirmishing with rearguards and raiding parties, and suffering occasional gas attacks. On 27 October the battalion reached Rongy, where it began to practise in the moat of the chateau for an assault crossing of the
629:
to seal off the area attacked. The attack went in at 17.00, led by the second-in-command of 1/6th sounding a hunting horn, and met almost no hostile fire. A record number of prisoners were taken, dugouts, emplacements and a mine shaft were destroyed, and considerable intelligence gained. After about
554:
On the night of 20/21 May, 140 Bde relieved another formation for a further tour of duty on Vimy Ridge, but the following day (while the supporting artillery were being changed over and could not offer support) the front line was heavily bombarded, as was the support line in 'Zouave Valley' in which
849:
Ridge with three tanks in support. Again there was confusion, but the 6th
Londons collected some disorientated US troops and together they took the objective. The battle was a resounding success, but the battalion suffered casualties of 12 officers and 308 other ranks over the two days. Despite the
844:
on 8 August 1918, the 6th Bn having the objective of taking Malard Wood and its adjacent quarry. Rather than attack frontally, the plan was to envelop the wood, but the morning mist made direction-keeping difficult and the wood was taken by a mix of different battalions, including the supports. The
357:
in
December 1899, 36 NCOs and other ranks were selected from volunteers of the 2nd London RVC to serve with the City Imperial Volunteers in South Africa. A further 25 were selected for No 1 Special Service Company of the KRRC, while others volunteered for the Regulars, for the Imperial Yeomanry, or
1142:
In June 1939 a partial mobilisation of TA units was begun in a process known as 'couverture', whereby each AA unit did a month's tour of duty in rotation to man selected AA and searchlight positions. On 24 August, ahead of the declaration of war, AA Command was fully mobilised at its war stations.
702:
Initially, 2/6th Bn's role was to provide reinforcements for 1/6th Bn, and it sent large drafts to the senior battalion in
February (just before 1/6th went overseas), August and September 1915 (after the Battle of Loos). After that, the practice stopped as the 58th Division was itself prepared for
669:
On 2 January 1918, Lt-Col W.F. Mildren, who had been commanding officer of the 1/6th since August 1915, was promoted to command 141 Bde in 47th
Division, and he was not replaced. In February 1918 a number of British infantry battalions were disbanded because of a manpower crisis. 1/6th Londons was
785:
opened on 25 March the battalion was south of the River Oise and was not attacked, but most of 58th
Division north of the river was driven back. The battalion fell back on 26 March, leaving a fighting patrol in the forest, and set up posts to guard the crossings over the Oise and St Quentin Canal
650:
on 7 June. 140 Brigade attacked south of the Ypres–Comines Canal with the White
Chateau and adjacent outbuildings and trenches as its objective. 1/6th left its trenches at 05.30, two hours after Zero Hour, to pass through and complete the assault on the final objectives. Finding that the White
297:
and pioneer of Temperance Clubs in the army. Like the Printers', this unit was recruited mainly from London artisans, but had suffered financial difficulties. When Cruikshank was forced to retire due to his great age, he was replaced as commanding officer by Lt-Col Cuthbert Vickers, a wealthy
979:
swept away the Home/Overseas Service distinction, all TF soldiers became liable for drafting overseas if medically fit, and the provisional battalions became numbered battalions of their parent regiments on 1 January 1917. 101st Provisional Battalion absorbed 103rd Provisional Bn and became
575:. The battalion practised on positions marked out by flags, and adopted identification stripes on their arms: A Company blue, B Co green, C Co red and D Co yellow. On 15 September, 47th Division attacked High Wood to cover the left flank of the tank-led attack of the adjacent divisions on
794:, through which 5th Army was retreating. The battalion was resting in the town when the German bombardment fell early on 4 April and moved out later in the day to support Australian troops attempting to hold a gap in the line. Advancing by section rushes, the 6th Londons and
682:
The 2/6th Battalion formed at Farringdon Road on 21 August 1914 after the 1/6th Bn marched away. The regimental staff were overwhelmed with recruits, 1100 being attested immediately. In October 1914 the London TF Association rented a large country house, Mount Felix at
1748:. The right-hand (southern) bronze figure flanking this memorial depicts an infantryman representative of the various London infantry units. In the 1920s the CLR held an annual ceremony in September (about the anniversary of Loos), which began with a church parade at
821:, most of them temporarily blinded, who had to be led away in single file to the dressing stations. The reduced battalion was not directly engaged when the reassembled 58th Division helped to beat off the next phase of the German Spring Offensive on 24–26 April (the
1120:, with units manning their emergency positions within 24 hours, testing the plans that 1st AA Division had developed. The emergency lasted three weeks, and they were stood down on 13 October. In February 1939 the existing AA defences came under the control of a new
525:
in front of the second line was a more serious obstacle, there was no natural cover, and the battalion suffered many casualties here. However, the objectives were taken by 08.00, after which the battalion consolidated its position and beat off counter-attacks.
281:. Among the first officers to be commissioned were George A. Spottiswoode and William Spottiswoode. In 1872 the 2nd City of London absorbed the 48th Middlesex RVC, known as 'Havelock's Temperance Volunteers'. This unit had been founded by the cartoonist and
1631:(AA) (designated 99 AA Bde from 1948). In 1949, 566 was redesignated a Light Anti-Aircraft/Searchlight regiment. However, the two regiments merged the following year as 566 (City of London Rifles) Regiment, first as an HAA unit, reverting to LAA in 1954.
1039:, once again in 168th (2nd London) Brigade of 56th (1st London) Division. However, enlistment of the regiment's traditional artisan recruits was poor, in part because the Government planned to use the TA to maintain civil order during strikes. In the
550:
Ridge. On 30 April the 1/6th Bn suffered over 80 casualties when the Germans exploded a mine under their line. However, the CLR successfully occupied and fortified the resulting crater, which was named 'Mildren Crater' after their commanding officer.
1810:
One of these items of silverware, the Mildren Trophy, depicting a soldier of 1914–18, was presented by the CLR's honorary colonel for the annual competition for companies in the attack. It is in the collection of the Queen's Royal Surrey Regiment.
1570:
did virtually nothing on D-Day itself, but began raids the following night, when 123 LAA Rgt fired barrages against scattered dive-bombing attacks. With searchlight assistance, three-gun sections of the regiment also spotted and destroyed 31
329:, the 2nd London RVC was designated the 10th Volunteer Battalion of the King's Royal Rifle Corps (KRRC), but continued to use its previous title, and apparently added the unofficial subtitle 'City of London Rifles'. The battalion built a new
854:, after which it took part in what was becoming a war of movement against German rearguards. When the battalion was taken out of the line, total casualties between 8 August and 11 September amounted to 28 officers and 638 other ranks.
761:
village, A Company of 2/6th made a diversionary attack in conjunction with 2/8th Londons. Although the company took its objective, 2/8th was stopped by impassable mud. The battalion spent the rest of the year providing labour for the
42:
1353:
That summer the field force AA units were shuffled as they went for battle training or to other brigades, and additional LAA units arrived to defend the Norfolk coast. On 11 June 123rd LAA Regiment moved to Grimsditch Camp near
1822:
59–61 Farringdon Road was rebuilt after the 1915 air raid. It bears a commemorative plaque and today it is called the 'Zeppelin Building'. The side entrance to the 6th Londons' HQ behind (No 57a) is labelled 'the Drill Hall'.
1575:
floated downriver against the engineers' bridging operation. Attacks continued on 25/26 September, the third night of the operation, and another 36 mines were destroyed. By 28 March the air attacks on the bridges dwindled as
1806:, the vessel that took the 1/6th Londons to France in 1915. The bell was presented to the regiment when the ship was scrapped, and in the interwar years it stood with the regimental silver in the HQ at Farringdon Rd.
1516:
single-engined fighter-bombers. Even after the end of the Market Garden operation, attacks on the bridges at Nijmegen and elsewhere continued. Attacks could come from up to 20 Fw 190s at a time, or smaller groups of
928:
to reveal the white chalk beneath, making it visible from a long distance. The Maltese Cross badge and initials 'CLR' have been preserved, as have a number of badges subsequently cut by other regiments in the camp.
1791:
In the NW corner of the church is the large regimental memorial of wooden panels commemorating the men of the CLR who fell in WWI and WWII, surrounding the Boer War memorial, together with a book of remembrance.
940:, and finally to Blackdown in April 1917, where it remained for the rest of the war training replacements and convalescents for service on the Western Front. The only excursion from Blackdown was a week spent in
4025:
4015:
1108:
These locations allowed the battalion to cover the southern side of London against air attack in the event of war. Despite its transfer to the RE, the battalion retained the CLR cap badge and KRRC affiliation.
3915:
3910:
862:. In the event, the German infantry retreated before the crossing on 8 November, and the battalion crossed by a plank bridge with no opposition except steady shellfire that caused few casualties. When the
790:, 58th Division came under French command. Since the Germans did not cross the river, 6th Battalion reoccupied the Coucy Forest until it was relieved by French troops on 1 April. It was then moved to
1760:
to the Royal Exchange to place a wreath at the London Troops Memorial, after which it marched back to the drill hall at Farringdon Road to place a second wreath at the regimental war memorial there.
1646:, becoming 'P' and 'S' (City of London Rifles) Batteries in the combined regiment. In 1961 a further reorganisation saw 565 Regiment converted to infantry and merged with 5th and 6th Battalions The
1035:(TA) in 1921). The London Regiment no longer existed (since 7 July 1916 the CLR had been affiliated to the KRRC), so its battalions were designated as regiments in their own right, the CLR becoming
4091:
2794:
1008:
Heinrich Mathy attacked London, and two of his bombs hit Messrs Frank Stadelman's warehouse at 59–61 Farringdon Road. Falling masonry from the building did considerable damage to the 6th Londons'
3955:
674:). Other drafts were sent to the 1/15th and 1/18th Londons in 47th Division. The remaining men of the 1/6th were sent to join remnants of nine other battalions to form 6th Entrenching Battalion.
2928:
2854:
1444:
in the airborne bridgehead received heavy German air and ground attacks during the early weeks of the invasion, and 123 LAA Rgt's two batteries lost five guns, six vehicles and 30 casualties.
4096:
3894:
4086:
621:
and 2nd Australian Tunnelling Company, a total of 20 officers and 640 other ranks. Dummy raids, mines and bombardments on neighbouring sections of the line were used to deceive the enemy. A
4005:
817:
After being relieved from the line, the battalion was sleeping in the open on the night of 16/17 April when it was subjected to gas shelling. A large number of casualties were caused by
654:
The 1/6th Bn spent the summer of 1917 holding the line in the Ypres Salient, taking part in the usual small actions and trench raids, and during the autumn it was in the Oppy sector.
534:
1/6th Battalion was withdrawn from the Loos sector on 30 September, and after a period of line-holding, it was sent in mid-November for rest and training with new equipment such as
427:, Sussex, where it was trained in field operations. By 5 November, a number of individual London TF battalions had already been sent overseas and the 1/6th was transferred to the
1767:
The crude cross that marked the mass grave of members of the City of London Rifles killed at the Battle of Loos, 1915, now in the church of St Sepulchre-without-Newgate, London
609:, and the 1/6th Bn absorbed a large draft of reinforcements. Training continued between spells spent holding the line. On 20 February 1917 the 1/6th carried out a large-scale
1635:
4065:
4060:
4020:
4101:
981:
4055:
3940:
3925:
3920:
964:
956:
386:(C Coy), The South Metropolitan Gas Co (D Coy), Harmsworth (E Coy), Associated Newspapers (F Coy) and Eyre & Spottiswoode (G Coy). The battalion formed part of
1592:
bombers, as well as low-level attacks by Fw 190s, but the combination of AA defence and Allied fighters defeated every Luftwaffe attempt to disrupt the crossings.
1584:
was crossed on 9–11 April, and 123 LAA Rgt moved up from the Rhine to take over defence of the bridge sites. There were some brisk actions here against Me 262 and
955:
In June 1915 the 'Home Service-only' and unfit men of the TF were formed into Provisional units for home defence. The men of the 6th Londons joined those from the
909:
where the stands, outbuildings and stables were used as billets and the Royal Box became the Sergeants' Mess. As winter approached, the 3/6th moved to billets in
1346:
on Yarmouth and Lowestoft. The defences of these towns were reinforced by moving detachments of 123rd LAA Rgt from guarding RAF stations and equipping them with
773:), 2/6th Bn absorbed many of its officers and men, and henceforth was simply designated the 6th Bn (the 3/6th having been redesignated 6th Reserve Bn in 1916).
255:(RVC), founded on 16 May 1860, was one of many RVCs raised as a result of an invasion scare the previous year. Based in Little New Street and recruiting in the
4000:
3980:
1409:
1220:
1165:
1132:
1063:
1599:
on 4 May 1945, all AA units were ordered to suspend action, and stood down completely on 12 May. 100 AA Brigade was them employed as occupation troops in
3469:
2801:
1192:
1113:
3970:
3158:
4030:
2935:
2861:
1733:
1714:
3885:
3307:
972:
1408:
Although 100 AA Bde was scheduled to go to Normandy once Overlord was launched, 405 and 409 LAA Btys of 123 LAA Rgt were sent on ahead to bolster
829:
3319:
1647:
1639:
1062:
In 1935 the increasing need for anti-aircraft (AA) defence, particularly for London, was addressed by converting 47th (2nd London) Division into
714:
before embarkation for the Western Front. The battalion disembarked at Le Havre on 25 January 1917 and went into quiet sections of the line near
1433:
781:
During February and March the battalion occupied positions in Coucy Forest where both sides occupied no more than a line of outposts. When the
467:
1544:, 123 LAA Rgt was deployed there to provide the close protection element of the AA defences, and remained until it was relieved by US forces.
3776:
3686:
3670:
1596:
1156:
On mobilisation, 31st Searchlight Bn went to its war stations covering London and the Thames. In 1940, the battalion moved with 27 AA Bde to
863:
1724:
1945:
1651:
1212:
1851:
822:
3067:
1211:
light anti-aircraft (LAA) guns and organised into four batteries: 405, 408, 409 and 410. On 3 October 1942, 410 LAA Bty transferred to
1052:
791:
625:
barrage on the German front line cut the wire in front of the attack and kept the defenders in their dugouts, while field guns laid a
474:. During April the battalion began to take responsibility for holding its own section of the line, and suffered its first casualties.
828:
After rest and reorganisation, the 6th Bn spent the next few months in reserve or holding the line. During July it introduced the US
3756:
3741:
3726:
3704:
3655:
3640:
3625:
3610:
3592:
3573:
3542:
2959:
1032:
3276:
2673:
805:
1359:
17:
1624:
1216:
3898:
3265:
3254:
1250:
670:
among those selected for disbandment: eight officers and 198 other ranks were sent to the 2/6th Battalion in the 58th Division (
581:
576:
122:
3965:
1771:
1236:
1208:
944:
in July 1918 during a miners' strike in the South Wales coalfield; there were no incidents and the strike was quickly settled.
497:
209:
1795:
a permanent memorial when the bodies were reburied in Maroc British Cemetery. This cross was previously in St James's Church,
746:
On 20 September 1917 the 2/6th Bn (codenamed 'UNBOLT') took part in 58th Division's successful attack at St Julien during the
1837:
747:
687:, to accommodate the battalion and provide training facilities. The 2/6th Bn was assigned to the 2/2nd London Brigade (later
3172:
2123:
3829:
3404:
1019:
awarded for bravery in inland Britain, for rescuing members of his section from a burning house during a Zeppelin raid on
337:
contributed to the building costs, and the battalion raised much of the rest by holding an assault-at-arms display at the
86:
1235:
was the former 39 AA Bde in AA Command and was in the process of converting into a field force component. It came under
4050:
4035:
3819:
3112:
Order of Battle of Non-Field Force Units in the United Kingdom, Part 27: AA Command, 1 October 1942, TNA file WO 212/82.
1784:
1397:
1390:
735:
692:
688:
471:
459:
432:
240:
175:
1701:
The RA and RE do not receive battle honours, so none were awarded to the regiment for its service during World War II.
638:
787:
444:
378:, the 2nd London RVC became the 6th (City of London) Battalion, the London Regiment and formally adopted the title of
167:
3103:
Order of Battle of Non-Field Force Units in the United Kingdom, Part 27: AA Command, 14 May 1942, TNA file WO 212/81.
311:
1826:
The 6th Londons' is one of the chalk badges that has been preserved on Fovant Down, where they are visible from the
509:
on 25 September 1915. This was a carefully rehearsed attack following four days of bombardment and the release of a
3975:
3950:
3287:
1628:
1561:
1529:
1493:
1009:
933:
798:
turned back the enemy advance, and dug in overnight in front of the town. It was the high-water mark of the German
795:
428:
387:
330:
319:
132:
3878:
3990:
2988:
1604:
1525:
in the river. This carried on until 100 AA Bde was relieved of its fighting garrison commitments on 10 November.
1429:
976:
874:
647:
588:
After eight days' rest the depleted 1/6th returned to the front line on 4 October, opposite a mound known as the
3137:
1833:
A detachment of the CLR attended the unveiling of the 47th Division's memorial cross at High Wood in the 1920s.
1763:
1452:
100 AA Bde and the rest of 123 LAA Rgt had arrived by the end of August 1944. On 30 August the brigade left the
889:
663:
3473:
1709:
3985:
3871:
3353:
1749:
1615:
When the Territorial Army reformed on 1 January 1947, two regiments were formed at Stonecot Hill in Sutton:
1497:
1437:
1096:
841:
782:
303:
298:
shipowner. Vickers went on to command the combined unit, whose headquarters was established at Cooks Court,
897:
The 3/6th Battalion formed at Farringdon Rd in March 1915 some 1300 strong. Its early training was held in
4040:
1737:
1718:
758:
391:
268:
766:
consolidating the positions won during the Ypres offensive. It finally left the Salient in January 1918.
267:, it was known as the 'Printers’ Battalion', drawing volunteers mainly from the nearby printing works of
1191:
where it provided the basis for a new 555 S/L Bty formed on 13 February 1941. This battery later joined
1128:
1121:
906:
902:
866:
came into effect on 11 November, the battalion was route marching in pursuit and meeting no opposition.
594:
342:
272:
232:
112:
1239:
but retained its existing AA Command responsibilities and took over various vulnerable points (VPs) in
1066:
and reorganising a number of London Territorial infantry battalions into searchlight battalions of the
1059:. Only in the late 1920s did recruiting to the battalion recover from these socially divisive actions.
3323:
932:
The 3/6th Bn was redesignated 6th Reserve Bn London Regiment on 8 April 1916, and was assigned to the
563:
481:(15–25 May), but was heavily shelled for several days while holding the line adjacent to the attacks.
3930:
1753:
1509:
1505:
1501:
1374:
1347:
960:
924:
While quartered on Salisbury Plain, the men of the 3/6th cut their regimental badge into the turf of
731:
662:
On 29 November 1917 the 47th Division took over defence of Bourlon Ridge, captured during the recent
589:
435:
to bring it up to full strength in order to proceed to France as a formation. The battalion moved to
3995:
3648:
The "Cast Iron Sixth": A History of the Sixth Battalion London Regiment (The City of London Rifles)
3603:
History of the Royal Regiment of Artillery: The Years of Defeat: Europe and North Africa, 1939–1941
2028:
1779:, presented to the City of London Rifles, now in the church of St Sepulchre-without-Newgate, London
1533:
1040:
718:
to familiarise it with trench warfare. In March it advanced to follow the German retirement to the
626:
572:
518:
478:
282:
3551:
History of the Second World War, United Kingdom Military Series: The Defence of the United Kingdom
3945:
3548:
1378:
1366:
1328:
1043:
a Defence Force was formed, and many serving members of the CLR enlisted for three months as the
439:
to join its new brigade, and field training continued until 16 March 1915, when it entrained for
3863:
1172:. On 1 August 1940, in common with the other RE AA battalions, the CLR were transferred to the
4010:
3772:
3752:
3737:
3722:
3700:
3682:
3666:
3651:
3636:
3621:
3606:
3588:
3569:
3538:
3435:
2528:
1667:
1553:
1537:
1513:
1340:
1056:
799:
371:
286:
192:
699:, later at Crowborough. In May and June 1915 the whole division concentrated in East Anglia.
1728:
The City of London Rifles war memorial in the church of St Sepulchre-without-Newgate, London
1365:
On 2 January 1944, 123rd LAA Rgt temporarily rejoined 103 AA Bde, which was at that time in
1184:
898:
851:
684:
510:
326:
1814:
3960:
3598:
2677:
2127:
1577:
1244:
1215:. At first the 123rd was an unbrigaded independent regiment, then in early 1943 it joined
1173:
1161:
1067:
1048:
987:
763:
719:
711:
618:
375:
358:
the South African Police. As a result, the Battalion was awarded its first battle honour:
260:
163:
82:
3415:
3384:
3373:
1991:
936:(later Brigade). It left Fovant at the end of 1916 and moved to nearby Hurdcott Camp, to
382:. Individual companies continued to be associated with particular employers, for example
3854:
2670:
1634:
When AA Command was disbanded in 1955, 566 LAA Regt merged with two other Surrey units,
542:. It returned to the line in mid-December, and carried out regular tours of duty around
521:–Béthune Road. The battalion reached the German front line with few casualties, but the
4045:
3650:, London: Old Comrades' Association, 1935//Uckfield: Naval & Military Press, 2002,
1757:
1741:
1441:
1386:
1343:
1322:
1232:
1188:
1136:
1075:
1016:
941:
754:
610:
506:
420:
338:
334:
290:
264:
236:
138:
71:
881:. By August, most of the men had been demobilised, and the cadre returned to England.
219:, originally raised as the 'Printers' Battalion'. It saw a great deal of action as an
4080:
1589:
1396:
It landed in Normandy in June 1944 and served in the air defence role throughout the
1302:
1117:
925:
914:
622:
606:
539:
522:
294:
3581:
History of the Second World War, United Kingdom Military Series: Victory in the West
3562:
History of the Second World War, United Kingdom Military Series: Victory in the West
730:
The battalion's first offensive operation was on 20 May 1917, when it joined in the
489:
3557:
1745:
1564:' launching and later bridging sites from the air and from water-borne attack. The
1489:
1425:
937:
859:
696:
299:
256:
228:
216:
1116:(later Brigade). The TA's AA units were mobilised on 23 September 1938 during the
738:
of 58th Division on 15 June. 58th Division was then withdrawn into a quiet area.
703:
overseas service, and the duty of providing reinforcements fell on the 3/6th Bn.
571:
In late July 1916 the 1/6th marched south to begin training to enter the ongoing
2120:
1847:
The following officers served as Honorary Colonel of the City of London Rifles:
1464:, three weeks later. The journey included brief deployments, without action, at
1461:
1417:
1382:
1279:
1240:
870:
818:
707:
440:
424:
307:
224:
1031:
The CLR was reformed on 7 February 1920 when the TF was reconstituted (renamed
3721:, London: Amalgamated Press, 1922/Uckfield: Naval & Military Press, 2002,
2529:'Entrenching Battalions', The National Archives (TNA), Kew, file WO 95/5494/1.
1783:
The regimental memorial, along with other CLR relics, is now in the church of
1572:
1421:
1413:
1308:
1285:
1157:
1102:
1020:
991:
Memorial plaque on the 'Zeppelin Building', 59–61 Farringdon Road, London EC1.
706:
In July 1916, 58th Division left its coastal defence role and concentrated at
695:
in August 1915. The Brigade concentrated in Sussex in November 1914, first at
513:. The 1/6th Bn's objective was the German trench system running from a mining
463:
408:
354:
277:
1756:(the newspaper industry's church). The regiment would then march through the
1607:. 123 LAA Regiment was placed in suspended animation in February–March 1946.
1385:, but was relieved on 20 March and went to No. 16 H&LAA Practice Camp at
3446:
1566:
1355:
1293:
1169:
878:
535:
514:
171:
3749:
History of the Royal Regiment of Artillery: Anti-Aircraft Artillery 1914–55
3587:, London: HM Stationery Office, 1968/Uckfield: Naval & Military, 2004,
3568:, London: HM Stationery Office, 1962/Uckfield: Naval & Military, 2004,
921:
on Salisbury Plain, where there was a large purpose-built training centre.
3794:
3665:, London: Samson Books, 1978/Uckfield: Naval & Military Press, 2001,
2659:
1827:
1457:
1001:
910:
846:
451:
220:
212:
108:
3789:
3697:
The Territorial Artillery 1908–1988 (Their Lineage, Uniforms and Badges)
501:
British infantry advancing through a gas cloud at Loos 25 September 1915
3824:
3762:
Titles and Designations of Formations and Units of the Territorial Army
1796:
1600:
1522:
1480:, followed by 12 days of movement across the Netherlands to the rivers
1477:
1473:
1370:
1316:
1264:
1260:
543:
436:
383:
310:
uniform with red facings of the 48th Middlesex (similar to the Regular
3809:
3605:, Woolwich: Royal Artillery Institution, 1988/London: Brasseys, 1996,
2191:
477:
The 1/6th Bn was not involved in 47th Division's first attack, at the
41:
3457:
1585:
1518:
1465:
1270:
1079:
918:
614:
1802:
Also in the church, hanging from a wooden tripod, is the bell of SS
869:
The 6th Londons settled into winter quarters in the Belgian town of
3830:
Land Forces of Britain, the Empire and Commonwealth (Regiments.org)
1015:
On 31 March 1916, Sgt J.C. "Charlie" May of 2/6th Bn won the first
845:
following day the battalion was ordered the continue the attack on
1813:
1770:
1762:
1723:
1708:
1581:
1557:
1541:
1481:
1469:
1453:
1249:
986:
888:
804:
715:
637:
562:
496:
488:
315:
18:
31st (City of London Rifles) Searchlight Regiment, Royal Artillery
3535:
Riflemen Form: A study of the Rifle Volunteer Movement 1859–1908
1857:
Brig-Gen W.F. Mildren, CB, CMG, DSO, TD (appointed 20 July 1920)
1838:
A photograph of the restored 47th Division memorial at High Wood
1662:
The regiment was awarded the following battle honours (those in
1205:
123 (City of London Rifles) Light Anti-Aircraft Regiment RA (TA)
547:
470:. The 1/6th Londons were teamed with the 1st Bn KRRC and 2nd Bn
3867:
3849:
3128:
103 AA Bde War Diary May–December 1943, TNA file WO 166/11252.
1732:
The regiment is one of those whose titles are inscribed on the
947:
The 3rd (Reserve) Battalion was disbanded on 18 November 1918.
3804:
3185:
Ellis, Vol I, Appendix IV, p 522; Vol II, Appendix IV, p. 370.
2715:
Army Council Instruction 2364 of December 1916 (Appendix 204).
630:
an hour, the raiders retired to their own lines as dusk fell.
505:
The first full-scale attack carried out by the CLR was at the
1187:
of experienced officers and men to 231st S/L Training Rgt at
786:
until the bridges could be blown. Separated from the rest of
3839:
1203:
In February 1942, the regiment changed role again, becoming
1072:
31st (City of London Rifles) Anti-Aircraft Battalion RE (TA)
450:
During the night of 17/18 March the 1/6th Londons sailed to
3844:
3814:
2706:
Army Council Instruction 221 of January 1916 (Appendix 18).
1818:
The 'Zeppelin Building', 59–61 Farringdon Road, London EC1.
2660:
6th City of London Regiment Badge at Fovant Badges Society
1247:
airfields. 123rd LAA Regiment was distributed as follows:
1023:. Coincidentally, the raider was once again Mathy in L13.
567:
The 47th Division's attack at High Wood, 15 September 1916
3266:
638–677 Regiments RA at British Army units from 1945 on.
1698:, Epehy, Pursuit to Mons, France and Flanders 1915–1918.
1580:
advanced deeper into Germany beyond the Rhine. The River
1178:
31st (City of London Rifles) Searchlight Regiment RA (TA)
850:
losses, the 6th Bn attacked again on 27 and 28 August at
3834:
3255:
564–591 Regiments RA at British Army units from 1945 on.
1621:
674 Heavy Anti-Aircraft Regiment (City of London Rifles)
1617:
566 Light Anti-Aircraft Regiment (City of London Rifles)
3751:, London: Royal Artillery Institution/Brassey's, 1994,
1160:, where they provided the searchlight defences for the
3799:
239:, and later as an anti-aircraft artillery regiment in
3521:
Army Council Instructions Issued During December 1916
2489:
2487:
333:
at 57a Farringdon Road in 1887–8. The City of London
4092:
Military units and formations disestablished in 1961
3515:
Army Council Instructions Issued During January 1916
458:. The 2nd London Division, soon afterwards numbered
271:; later two companies were provided by Harmsworth's
151:
Havelock's Temperance Battalion (48th Middlesex RVC)
3719:
The History of the 47th (London) Division 1914–1919
3681:. Uckfield, East Sussex: Naval and Military Press.
1037:
6th City of London Regiment (City of London Rifles)
691:) in the 2/1st London Division, which was numbered
407:The battalion had just arrived in camp at Cowgate,
186:
181:
159:
145:
128:
118:
104:
92:
77:
59:
51:
34:
1393:that month in preparation for Operation Overlord.
466:to be instructed in trench warfare by the Regular
325:From 1 July 1881, as part of the extension of the
4087:Military units and formations established in 1860
3238:
3236:
613:involving all four rifle companies with attached
27:British volunteer military unit from 1860 to 1961
3148:103 AA Bde War Diary 1944, TNA file WO 171/1090.
3090:
3088:
3086:
3084:
2929:"6 AA Division 1939 at British Military History"
2855:"5 AA Division 1940 at British Military History"
1872:
1870:
1654:, when the City of London Rifles lineage ended.
982:30th (City of London) Battalion, London Regiment
3734:The German Air Raids on Great Britain 1914–1918
3635:, Vol II, Wakefield: Microform Academic, 1984,
3020:
3018:
3016:
3014:
2501:
2499:
1919:
1917:
1915:
1913:
1911:
3620:, Vol I, Wakefield: Microform Academic, 1984,
3040:
3038:
3036:
3034:
3032:
3030:
1909:
1907:
1905:
1903:
1901:
1899:
1897:
1895:
1893:
1891:
917:. Then in January 1916 the battalion moved to
769:When 1/6th Bn was disbanded in February 1918 (
419:In mid-August the battalion went into camp at
374:(TF) was organised in 1908 as a result of the
4097:Battalions of the London Regiment (1908–1938)
3879:
3679:Orders of Battle: Second World War, 1939–1945
3633:Lineage Book of British Land Forces 1660–1978
3618:Lineage Book of British Land Forces 1660–1978
1666:indicate the honours chosen to appear on the
1131:grew in size, 27 AA Bde transferred to a new
1045:6th Battalion London Regiment (Defence Force)
345:Cadet Corps was affiliated to the battalion.
235:role, first as a searchlight regiment in the
8:
3203:Routledge, pp. 314, 324–5, Table LI, p. 330.
2261:
2259:
893:The CLR and other badges preserved at Fovant
155:Halls and Balls Light Infantry (6th Londons)
2795:"1 AA Division at British Military History"
2015:
2013:
2011:
1978:
1976:
1941:
1939:
1937:
1935:
1933:
1931:
1929:
1051:and later Victoria Park. Again, during the
3886:
3872:
3864:
2833:
2831:
2515:
2513:
2511:
2231:
2229:
2201:
2199:
2116:
2114:
2112:
1957:
1955:
1953:
1412:in its task of providing AA cover for the
642:The 47th Division at Messines, 7 June 1917
3511:, London: George Philip & Sons, 1941.
3221:Routledge, pp. 354–62, Table LVI, p. 365.
3124:
3122:
3120:
3118:
3054:
3052:
3050:
2655:
2653:
2161:
2159:
2157:
2155:
1734:City and County of London Troops Memorial
1715:City and County of London Troops Memorial
1619:, with continuity from 123 LAA Regt, and
1456:and began a 320-mile march that ended at
1369:defending the build-up of troops (mainly
1070:(RE). The CLR was one of these, becoming
3712:Historical Record of the London Regiment
2187:
2185:
2183:
2181:
2179:
2177:
2175:
2173:
2171:
2153:
2151:
2149:
2147:
2145:
2143:
2141:
2139:
2137:
2135:
1528:In March 1945, 100 AA Brigade supported
1336:May saw a number of daylight attacks by
1114:27th (Home Counties) Anti-Aircraft Group
253:2nd City of London Rifle Volunteer Corps
4102:Military units and formations in London
3277:67–106 AA Bdes at British Army 1945 on.
2849:
2847:
2845:
2843:
1866:
1688:Passchendaele, Cambrai 1917, St Quentin
1623:as a new unit. 566 LAA Regiment was in
1092:325 AA Company at Stonecot Hill, Sutton
1089:324 AA Company at Stonecot Hill, Sutton
1086:HQ at Stonecot Hill, Sutton (from 1938)
3845:UK National Inventory of War Memorials
3764:, London: War Office, 7 November 1927.
3736:, London, 1927/Stroud: Nonsuch, 2007,
3250:
3248:
3194:Routledge, p. 313; Table XLIX, p. 319.
2789:
2787:
1684:Le Transloy, Messines 1917, Ypres 1917
1644:565th Light Anti-Aircraft Regiment, RA
1552:The regiment's next major task was in
46:Cap badge of the City of London Rifles
31:
3553:, London: HM Stationery Office, 1957.
3523:, London: HM Stationery Office, 1916.
3517:, London: HM Stationery Office, 1916.
2005:Beckett, pp. 61, 95 and Appendix VII.
605:The 47th Division transferred to the
7:
3699:, Nottingham: Sherwood Press, 1992,
1648:Queen's Royal Regiment (West Surrey)
517:known as the Double Crassier to the
149:Printers' Battalion (2nd London RVC)
3320:"Timeline at Queen's Royal Surreys"
2837:Watson & Rinaldi, pp. 108, 112.
1101:327 AA Company at Hackbridge Park,
1055:in 1926, the TA was used to form a
840:The 58th Division took part in the
823:Second Battle of Villers-Bretonneux
318:and cocks' feathers plume with the
3800:Commonwealth War Graves Commission
3537:, Aldershot: Ogilby Trusts, 1982,
3509:Regimental Badges and Service Caps
1597:German surrender at Lüneburg Heath
1074:on 15 December 1935 and moving to
1000:On the night of 8 September 1915,
289:and named after Major-General Sir
25:
3820:Orders of Battle at Patriot Files
3771:, Barnsley: Pen and Sword, 2010,
2121:London Regt at Regimental Warpath
1752:(near Farringdon Road), later at
1652:The Queen's Royal Surrey Regiment
1508:aircraft as well as conventional
306:on Fleet Street). It adopted the
1885:Beckett, p. 70 and Appendix VII.
1787:, not far from Farringdon Road:
1254:Bofors gun and crew, summer 1944
1199:123 Light Anti-Aircraft Regiment
813:, now in the IMperial War Museum
546:and then from March 1916 on the
81:
64:
40:
3790:British Army units from 1945 on
3530:, London: Seeley Service, 1963.
3458:47 Division at Long, Long Trail
3308:4th Bn Queen's at Regiments.org
2671:TF Training Bdes at Warpath.org
2192:London Regt at Long, Long Trail
1740:, with architectural design by
1095:326 AA Company at Dorset Road,
809:John Singer Sargent's painting
3405:Maroc British Cemetery at CWGC
3288:AGRAs at British Army 1945 on.
1556:, the assault crossing of the
1540:. Once VIII Corps had secured
1358:and came under the command of
1112:The battalion was assigned to
873:. In April 1919 it joined the
748:Battle of the Menin Road Ridge
1:
3058:Farndale, Annex M, pp. 338–9.
3008:Routledge, Table LXV, p. 396.
1694:, Albert 1918, Bapaume 1918,
1381:). The regiment was based at
153:Cast Iron Sixth (6th Londons)
3769:Tracing the Rifle Volunteers
2970:Routledge, Table LX, p. 378.
1946:6th Londons at Regiments.org
1854:, VC, KG, KP, OM (1888–1914)
1785:St Sepulchre-without-Newgate
1686:, Menin Road. Polygon Wood,
1373:) and landing craft for the
693:58th (2/1st London) Division
689:174th (2/2nd London) Brigade
472:South Staffordshire Regiment
460:47th (1/2nd London) Division
3835:The Royal Artillery 1939–45
2960:AA Command at Patriot Files
2043:Money Barnes, Appendix III.
1298:A & B Trps at Lowestoft
1207:, equipped with 40 mm
969:101st Provisional Battalion
905:, moving in August 1915 to
646:The 1/6th took part in the
423:and a month later moved to
168:Western Front (World War I)
4118:
3810:The Fusilier Museum London
3242:Frederick, pp. 1022, 1030.
2999:Farndale, Annex D, p. 258.
2029:Cuthbert Vickers probate,
1852:Field Marshal Earl Roberts
1629:Army Group Royal Artillery
1627:and 674 HAA Rgt was in 99
1398:North West Europe Campaign
1135:tasked with defending the
1064:1st Anti-Aircraft Division
1057:Civil Constabulary Reserve
462:, went into the line near
133:Farringdon Road drill hall
3906:
3857:The Territorial Army 1947
3695:Norman E. H. Litchfield,
3663:British Regiments 1914–18
3159:"123 LAA Rgt at RA 39–45"
2979:Routledge, pp. 65–6, 371.
2676:November 4, 2013, at the
2126:February 1, 2010, at the
1605:British Army of the Rhine
1492:following the advance of
977:Military Service Act 1916
875:British Army of the Rhine
39:
3795:British Military History
3599:Gen. Sir Martin Farndale
3094:Frederick, pp. 806, 839.
3024:Frederick, pp. 858, 864.
2557:Godfrey, pp. 50, 109–15.
2235:Becke, Pt 2a, pp. 69–75.
2205:Becke, Pt 2a, pp. 141–7.
1754:St Bride's, Fleet Street
1595:With the signing of the
1420:Beachheads, the port of
1183:The regiment supplied a
934:1st London Reserve Group
312:King's Royal Rifle Corps
3677:Joslen, H. F. (2003) .
3298:Litchfield, Appendix 5.
3138:Collier Appendix XXXIX.
2770:Titles and Designations
2519:Becke, Pt 2b, pp. 9–15.
1498:Operation Market Garden
1389:. It officially joined
1152:31 Searchlight Regiment
830:132nd Infantry Regiment
783:German spring offensive
493:The Battle of Loos 1915
304:Royal Courts of Justice
269:Eyre & Spottiswoode
3747:Brig N. W. Routledge,
3566:The Battle of Normandy
3528:The Soldiers of London
2481:Godfrey, pp. 177, 232.
2319:Maude, pp. 26–31.
2088:Frederick, pp. 149–50.
1819:
1780:
1768:
1738:Royal Exchange, London
1729:
1721:
1719:Royal Exchange, London
1674:South Africa 1900–1902
1650:to form 3rd Battalion
1255:
1041:miners' strike of 1921
992:
894:
814:
753:On 30 October, as the
710:for final training on
643:
568:
502:
494:
360:South Africa 1900–1902
100:Anti-Aircraft Regiment
55:16 May 1860–1 May 1961
3825:Queen's Royal Surreys
3805:Fovant Badges Society
3717:Alan H. Maude (ed.),
3710:Lt-Col H. R. Martin,
3585:The Defeat of Germany
3526:Maj R. Money Barnes,
3068:31 SL Rgt at RA 39–45
2593:Godfrey, pp. 192–202.
2548:Godfrey, pp 32–8, 47.
1993:Falling off the Wagon
1923:Frederick, pp. 243–4.
1817:
1774:
1766:
1727:
1712:
1682:, Flers-Courcelette,
1680:Loos, Somme 1916, '18
1434:6th Airborne Division
1253:
1129:Anti-Aircraft Command
1122:Anti-Aircraft Command
990:
907:Hurst Park Racecourse
892:
808:
641:
566:
500:
492:
380:City of London Rifles
343:City of London School
273:Associated Newspapers
206:City of London Rifles
35:City of London Rifles
3815:The Long, Long Trail
3732:Capt Joseph Morris,
3646:Capt E. G. Godfrey,
3436:Queens Royal Surreys
3173:"2 Army at RA 39–45"
2989:5 AA Div at RA 39–45
2941:on 23 September 2015
2918:Routledge, pp. 65–6.
2909:Routledge, pp. 62–3.
2867:on 23 September 2015
2807:on 23 September 2015
2781:Godfrey, pp. 257–61.
2620:Godfrey, pp. 219–40.
2575:Godfrey, pp. 142–51.
2566:Godfrey, pp. 118–22.
2463:Godfrey, pp. 169–73.
1750:St Andrew's, Holborn
1375:Invasion of Normandy
1348:20 mm Hispano cannon
732:Battle of Bullecourt
590:Butte de Warlencourt
314:), but replaced the
195:(48th Middlesex RVC)
98:Searchlight Regiment
3579:Major L. F. Ellis,
3533:Ian F. W. Beckett,
3364:Godfrey, pp. 261–3.
3044:Litchfield, p. 226.
2688:Godfrey, pp 206–11.
2638:Godfrey, pp. 250–6.
2629:Godfrey, pp. 241–9.
2611:Godfrey, pp. 212–6.
2602:Godfrey, pp. 202–5.
2584:Godfrey, pp. 155–7.
2493:Godfrey, pp.179–82.
2454:Godfrey, pp. 130–7.
2436:Godfrey, pp. 125–8.
2418:Godfrey, pp. 102–6.
2382:Godfrey, pp. 87-94.
2328:Godfrey, pp. 51–70.
2292:Godfrey, pp. 28–31.
2097:Godfrey, pp. 10-11.
1995:at Fusiliers Museum
1534:Operation Veritable
1472:and the entry into
1162:Royal Navy Dockyard
973:6th Provisional Bde
479:Battle of Festubert
433:2nd London Division
392:1st London Division
275:, publisher of the
3631:J.B.M. Frederick,
3616:J.B.M. Frederick,
3230:Routledge, p. 363.
3212:Routledge, p. 350.
3078:Frederick, p. 862.
2697:Frederick, p. 185.
2647:Godfrey, pp. 47–9.
2539:Godfrey, pp. 32–4.
2445:Maude, pp. 95–100.
2400:Godfrey, pp. 96–8.
2364:Godfrey, pp. 84–5.
2346:Godfrey, pp. 70–3.
2310:Godfrey, pp. 42–4.
2274:Godfrey, pp. 21–3.
2253:Maude, Appendix C.
2244:Godfrey, pp. 14–7.
2223:Godfrey, pp. 32–3.
2214:Godfrey, pp. 12–14
2052:Maude, Appendix F.
1820:
1781:
1769:
1730:
1722:
1668:Regimental Colours
1379:Operation Overlord
1367:South West England
1329:RAF Bircham Newton
1321:A & C Trps at
1256:
1231:103 AA Brigade at
1219:, transferring to
1047:, which camped on
993:
895:
815:
792:Villers-Bretonneux
788:British Fifth Army
777:Villers-Bretonneux
648:Battle of Messines
644:
569:
503:
495:
443:to embark for the
429:4th London Brigade
388:2nd London Brigade
96:Infantry Battalion
4074:
4073:
3850:WWIcemeteries.com
3777:978-1-84884-211-3
3688:978-1-84342-474-1
3671:978-1-84342-197-9
3661:Brig E.A. James,
3558:Major L. F. Ellis
3494:Godfrey, p. xiii.
3385:UKNIWM Ref 17947.
3374:UKNIWM Ref 17945.
2898:Monthly Army List
2886:Regimental Badges
2472:Maude, pp. 123–8.
2427:Maude, pp. 89–92.
2337:Maude, pp. 36–51.
2301:Maude, pp. 19–20.
2165:James, pp. 113–7.
1982:Westlake, p. 179.
1961:Westlake, p. 161.
1843:Honorary Colonels
1744:and sculpture by
1554:Operation Plunder
1538:Klever Reichswald
1341:Focke-Wulf Fw 190
1004:L13 commanded by
832:to these duties.
800:Operation Michael
664:Battle of Cambrai
617:from 520 Company
585:for this action.
582:Flers-Courcelette
372:Territorial Force
366:Territorial Force
302:(just behind the
287:George Cruikshank
241:North West Europe
231:it served in the
199:
198:
193:George Cruikshank
176:North West Europe
16:(Redirected from
4109:
3888:
3881:
3874:
3865:
3692:
3495:
3492:
3486:
3485:
3483:
3481:
3472:. Archived from
3470:"WWI Cemeteries"
3466:
3460:
3455:
3449:
3444:
3438:
3433:
3427:
3426:Godfrey, p. 260.
3424:
3418:
3416:UKNIWM Ref 17946
3413:
3407:
3402:
3396:
3393:
3387:
3382:
3376:
3371:
3365:
3362:
3356:
3354:UKNIWM Ref 11796
3351:
3345:
3342:
3336:
3335:
3333:
3331:
3322:. Archived from
3316:
3310:
3305:
3299:
3296:
3290:
3285:
3279:
3274:
3268:
3263:
3257:
3252:
3243:
3240:
3231:
3228:
3222:
3219:
3213:
3210:
3204:
3201:
3195:
3192:
3186:
3183:
3177:
3176:
3169:
3163:
3162:
3155:
3149:
3146:
3140:
3135:
3129:
3126:
3113:
3110:
3104:
3101:
3095:
3092:
3079:
3076:
3070:
3065:
3059:
3056:
3045:
3042:
3025:
3022:
3009:
3006:
3000:
2997:
2991:
2986:
2980:
2977:
2971:
2968:
2962:
2957:
2951:
2950:
2948:
2946:
2940:
2934:. Archived from
2933:
2925:
2919:
2916:
2910:
2907:
2901:
2895:
2889:
2883:
2877:
2876:
2874:
2872:
2866:
2860:. Archived from
2859:
2851:
2838:
2835:
2826:
2825:Godfrey, p. 262.
2823:
2817:
2816:
2814:
2812:
2806:
2800:. Archived from
2799:
2791:
2782:
2779:
2773:
2767:
2761:
2760:Godfrey, p. 257.
2758:
2752:
2749:
2743:
2740:
2734:
2731:
2725:
2724:Godfrey, p. 206.
2722:
2716:
2713:
2707:
2704:
2698:
2695:
2689:
2686:
2680:
2668:
2662:
2657:
2648:
2645:
2639:
2636:
2630:
2627:
2621:
2618:
2612:
2609:
2603:
2600:
2594:
2591:
2585:
2582:
2576:
2573:
2567:
2564:
2558:
2555:
2549:
2546:
2540:
2537:
2531:
2526:
2520:
2517:
2506:
2503:
2494:
2491:
2482:
2479:
2473:
2470:
2464:
2461:
2455:
2452:
2446:
2443:
2437:
2434:
2428:
2425:
2419:
2416:
2410:
2407:
2401:
2398:
2392:
2391:Maude, pp. 63–6.
2389:
2383:
2380:
2374:
2371:
2365:
2362:
2356:
2355:Maude, pp. 53–6.
2353:
2347:
2344:
2338:
2335:
2329:
2326:
2320:
2317:
2311:
2308:
2302:
2299:
2293:
2290:
2284:
2283:Maude, pp. 12–7.
2281:
2275:
2272:
2266:
2263:
2254:
2251:
2245:
2242:
2236:
2233:
2224:
2221:
2215:
2212:
2206:
2203:
2194:
2189:
2166:
2163:
2130:
2118:
2107:
2106:Martin, pp. 6–7.
2104:
2098:
2095:
2089:
2086:
2080:
2079:Godfrey, pp. 6–9
2077:
2071:
2068:
2062:
2061:Martin, pp. 4–5.
2059:
2053:
2050:
2044:
2041:
2035:
2026:
2020:
2017:
2006:
2003:
1997:
1989:
1983:
1980:
1971:
1968:
1962:
1959:
1948:
1943:
1924:
1921:
1886:
1883:
1877:
1874:
1736:in front of the
1678:Festubert 1915,
1640:598 LAA Regiment
1636:565 LAA Regiment
1432:bridges held by
1033:Territorial Army
842:Battle of Amiens
796:36th Australians
685:Walton-on-Thames
335:Livery companies
327:Cardwell Reforms
293:, a hero of the
87:Territorial Army
85:
70:
68:
67:
44:
32:
21:
4117:
4116:
4112:
4111:
4110:
4108:
4107:
4106:
4077:
4076:
4075:
4070:
3902:
3899:London Regiment
3892:
3862:
3855:Graham Watson,
3786:
3689:
3676:
3549:Basil Collier,
3503:
3498:
3493:
3489:
3479:
3477:
3468:
3467:
3463:
3456:
3452:
3447:Somme 1916 site
3445:
3441:
3434:
3430:
3425:
3421:
3414:
3410:
3403:
3399:
3395:Godfrey, p. 45.
3394:
3390:
3383:
3379:
3372:
3368:
3363:
3359:
3352:
3348:
3343:
3339:
3329:
3327:
3326:on 5 April 2018
3318:
3317:
3313:
3306:
3302:
3297:
3293:
3286:
3282:
3275:
3271:
3264:
3260:
3253:
3246:
3241:
3234:
3229:
3225:
3220:
3216:
3211:
3207:
3202:
3198:
3193:
3189:
3184:
3180:
3171:
3170:
3166:
3157:
3156:
3152:
3147:
3143:
3136:
3132:
3127:
3116:
3111:
3107:
3102:
3098:
3093:
3082:
3077:
3073:
3066:
3062:
3057:
3048:
3043:
3028:
3023:
3012:
3007:
3003:
2998:
2994:
2987:
2983:
2978:
2974:
2969:
2965:
2958:
2954:
2944:
2942:
2938:
2931:
2927:
2926:
2922:
2917:
2913:
2908:
2904:
2896:
2892:
2884:
2880:
2870:
2868:
2864:
2857:
2853:
2852:
2841:
2836:
2829:
2824:
2820:
2810:
2808:
2804:
2797:
2793:
2792:
2785:
2780:
2776:
2768:
2764:
2759:
2755:
2750:
2746:
2742:Godfrey, p. 50.
2741:
2737:
2732:
2728:
2723:
2719:
2714:
2710:
2705:
2701:
2696:
2692:
2687:
2683:
2678:Wayback Machine
2669:
2665:
2658:
2651:
2646:
2642:
2637:
2633:
2628:
2624:
2619:
2615:
2610:
2606:
2601:
2597:
2592:
2588:
2583:
2579:
2574:
2570:
2565:
2561:
2556:
2552:
2547:
2543:
2538:
2534:
2527:
2523:
2518:
2509:
2504:
2497:
2492:
2485:
2480:
2476:
2471:
2467:
2462:
2458:
2453:
2449:
2444:
2440:
2435:
2431:
2426:
2422:
2417:
2413:
2408:
2404:
2399:
2395:
2390:
2386:
2381:
2377:
2372:
2368:
2363:
2359:
2354:
2350:
2345:
2341:
2336:
2332:
2327:
2323:
2318:
2314:
2309:
2305:
2300:
2296:
2291:
2287:
2282:
2278:
2273:
2269:
2265:Godfrey, p. 18.
2264:
2257:
2252:
2248:
2243:
2239:
2234:
2227:
2222:
2218:
2213:
2209:
2204:
2197:
2190:
2169:
2164:
2133:
2128:Wayback Machine
2119:
2110:
2105:
2101:
2096:
2092:
2087:
2083:
2078:
2074:
2069:
2065:
2060:
2056:
2051:
2047:
2042:
2038:
2033:3 October 1922.
2027:
2023:
2019:Godfrey, pp1–3.
2018:
2009:
2004:
2000:
1990:
1986:
1981:
1974:
1969:
1965:
1960:
1951:
1944:
1927:
1922:
1889:
1884:
1880:
1876:Godfrey, p. 81.
1875:
1868:
1864:
1845:
1775:The bell of SS
1707:
1696:Hindenburg Line
1660:
1613:
1578:21st Army Group
1550:
1450:
1440:and the famous
1406:
1344:fighter-bombers
1275:A Trp at Cromer
1237:GHQ Home Forces
1229:
1201:
1176:(RA), becoming
1174:Royal Artillery
1166:5th AA Division
1154:
1149:
1133:6th AA Division
1068:Royal Engineers
1049:Wormwood Scrubs
1029:
1006:Kapitänleutnant
998:
953:
887:
885:3/6th Battalion
838:
779:
764:Royal Engineers
744:
728:
720:Hindenburg Line
712:Salisbury Plain
680:
678:2/6th Battalion
660:
636:
619:Royal Engineers
603:
573:Somme offensive
561:
532:
487:
417:
415:1/6th Battalion
405:
400:
376:Haldane Reforms
368:
351:
261:Farringdon Road
249:
202:
188:
174:
170:
166:
164:Second Boer War
154:
152:
150:
137:Stonecot Hill,
136:
123:London Regiment
111:
99:
97:
65:
63:
47:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4115:
4113:
4105:
4104:
4099:
4094:
4089:
4079:
4078:
4072:
4071:
4069:
4068:
4063:
4058:
4053:
4048:
4043:
4038:
4033:
4028:
4023:
4018:
4013:
4008:
4003:
3998:
3993:
3988:
3983:
3978:
3973:
3968:
3963:
3958:
3953:
3948:
3943:
3938:
3933:
3928:
3923:
3918:
3913:
3907:
3904:
3903:
3893:
3891:
3890:
3883:
3876:
3868:
3861:
3860:
3852:
3847:
3842:
3840:Somme-1916.com
3837:
3832:
3827:
3822:
3817:
3812:
3807:
3802:
3797:
3792:
3785:
3784:Online sources
3782:
3781:
3780:
3767:Ray Westlake,
3765:
3759:
3745:
3730:
3715:
3714:, 2nd Edn (nd)
3708:
3693:
3687:
3674:
3659:
3644:
3629:
3614:
3596:
3577:
3555:
3546:
3531:
3524:
3518:
3512:
3504:
3502:
3499:
3497:
3496:
3487:
3476:on 19 May 2014
3461:
3450:
3439:
3428:
3419:
3408:
3397:
3388:
3377:
3366:
3357:
3346:
3337:
3311:
3300:
3291:
3280:
3269:
3258:
3244:
3232:
3223:
3214:
3205:
3196:
3187:
3178:
3164:
3150:
3141:
3130:
3114:
3105:
3096:
3080:
3071:
3060:
3046:
3026:
3010:
3001:
2992:
2981:
2972:
2963:
2952:
2920:
2911:
2902:
2890:
2878:
2839:
2827:
2818:
2783:
2774:
2762:
2753:
2751:Morris, p. 70.
2744:
2735:
2733:Morris, p. 54.
2726:
2717:
2708:
2699:
2690:
2681:
2663:
2649:
2640:
2631:
2622:
2613:
2604:
2595:
2586:
2577:
2568:
2559:
2550:
2541:
2532:
2521:
2507:
2495:
2483:
2474:
2465:
2456:
2447:
2438:
2429:
2420:
2411:
2402:
2393:
2384:
2375:
2366:
2357:
2348:
2339:
2330:
2321:
2312:
2303:
2294:
2285:
2276:
2267:
2255:
2246:
2237:
2225:
2216:
2207:
2195:
2167:
2131:
2108:
2099:
2090:
2081:
2072:
2070:Godfrey, p. 3.
2063:
2054:
2045:
2036:
2031:London Gazette
2021:
2007:
1998:
1984:
1972:
1970:Godfrey, p. 2.
1963:
1949:
1925:
1887:
1878:
1865:
1863:
1860:
1859:
1858:
1855:
1844:
1841:
1808:
1807:
1800:
1792:
1758:City of London
1742:Sir Aston Webb
1706:
1703:
1659:
1658:Battle Honours
1656:
1612:
1609:
1549:
1548:Rhine crossing
1546:
1449:
1446:
1442:Pegasus Bridge
1405:
1402:
1387:Clacton-on-Sea
1334:
1333:
1332:
1331:
1325:
1323:RAF Coltishall
1313:
1312:
1311:
1307:Detachment at
1305:
1299:
1290:
1289:
1288:
1282:
1276:
1267:
1233:Great Yarmouth
1228:
1225:
1200:
1197:
1189:Blandford Camp
1153:
1150:
1148:
1145:
1137:Thames Estuary
1106:
1105:
1099:
1093:
1090:
1087:
1053:General Strike
1028:
1025:
1017:Military Medal
997:
996:Zeppelin raids
994:
952:
951:30th Battalion
949:
913:, training on
886:
883:
877:occupying the
837:
834:
778:
775:
755:Canadian Corps
743:
740:
727:
724:
679:
676:
659:
656:
635:
632:
602:
599:
560:
557:
540:rifle grenades
531:
528:
507:Battle of Loos
486:
483:
454:aboard the SS
421:Bisley, Surrey
416:
413:
404:
401:
399:
396:
367:
364:
350:
347:
341:. In 1905 the
339:Royal Aquarium
291:Henry Havelock
265:City of London
248:
245:
237:United Kingdom
200:
197:
196:
190:
184:
183:
179:
178:
161:
157:
156:
147:
143:
142:
130:
126:
125:
120:
116:
115:
106:
102:
101:
94:
90:
89:
79:
75:
74:
72:United Kingdom
61:
57:
56:
53:
49:
48:
45:
37:
36:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4114:
4103:
4100:
4098:
4095:
4093:
4090:
4088:
4085:
4084:
4082:
4067:
4064:
4062:
4059:
4057:
4054:
4052:
4049:
4047:
4044:
4042:
4039:
4037:
4034:
4032:
4029:
4027:
4024:
4022:
4019:
4017:
4014:
4012:
4009:
4007:
4004:
4002:
3999:
3997:
3994:
3992:
3989:
3987:
3984:
3982:
3979:
3977:
3974:
3972:
3969:
3967:
3964:
3962:
3959:
3957:
3954:
3952:
3949:
3947:
3944:
3942:
3939:
3937:
3934:
3932:
3929:
3927:
3924:
3922:
3919:
3917:
3914:
3912:
3909:
3908:
3905:
3900:
3896:
3889:
3884:
3882:
3877:
3875:
3870:
3869:
3866:
3859:
3858:
3853:
3851:
3848:
3846:
3843:
3841:
3838:
3836:
3833:
3831:
3828:
3826:
3823:
3821:
3818:
3816:
3813:
3811:
3808:
3806:
3803:
3801:
3798:
3796:
3793:
3791:
3788:
3787:
3783:
3778:
3774:
3770:
3766:
3763:
3760:
3758:
3757:1-85753-099-3
3754:
3750:
3746:
3743:
3742:1-84588-379-9
3739:
3735:
3731:
3728:
3727:1-84342-205-0
3724:
3720:
3716:
3713:
3709:
3706:
3705:0-9508205-2-0
3702:
3698:
3694:
3690:
3684:
3680:
3675:
3672:
3668:
3664:
3660:
3657:
3656:1-84342-170-4
3653:
3649:
3645:
3642:
3641:1-85117-009-X
3638:
3634:
3630:
3627:
3626:1-85117-007-3
3623:
3619:
3615:
3612:
3611:1-85753-080-2
3608:
3604:
3600:
3597:
3594:
3593:1-845740-59-9
3590:
3586:
3582:
3578:
3575:
3574:1-845740-58-0
3571:
3567:
3563:
3559:
3556:
3554:
3552:
3547:
3544:
3543:0-85936-271-X
3540:
3536:
3532:
3529:
3525:
3522:
3519:
3516:
3513:
3510:
3506:
3505:
3500:
3491:
3488:
3475:
3471:
3465:
3462:
3459:
3454:
3451:
3448:
3443:
3440:
3437:
3432:
3429:
3423:
3420:
3417:
3412:
3409:
3406:
3401:
3398:
3392:
3389:
3386:
3381:
3378:
3375:
3370:
3367:
3361:
3358:
3355:
3350:
3347:
3341:
3338:
3325:
3321:
3315:
3312:
3309:
3304:
3301:
3295:
3292:
3289:
3284:
3281:
3278:
3273:
3270:
3267:
3262:
3259:
3256:
3251:
3249:
3245:
3239:
3237:
3233:
3227:
3224:
3218:
3215:
3209:
3206:
3200:
3197:
3191:
3188:
3182:
3179:
3174:
3168:
3165:
3160:
3154:
3151:
3145:
3142:
3139:
3134:
3131:
3125:
3123:
3121:
3119:
3115:
3109:
3106:
3100:
3097:
3091:
3089:
3087:
3085:
3081:
3075:
3072:
3069:
3064:
3061:
3055:
3053:
3051:
3047:
3041:
3039:
3037:
3035:
3033:
3031:
3027:
3021:
3019:
3017:
3015:
3011:
3005:
3002:
2996:
2993:
2990:
2985:
2982:
2976:
2973:
2967:
2964:
2961:
2956:
2953:
2937:
2930:
2924:
2921:
2915:
2912:
2906:
2903:
2899:
2894:
2891:
2887:
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1213:143rd LAA Rgt
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3490:
3478:. Retrieved
3474:the original
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3324:the original
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2943:. Retrieved
2936:the original
2923:
2914:
2905:
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2885:
2881:
2869:. Retrieved
2862:the original
2821:
2809:. Retrieved
2802:the original
2777:
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2756:
2747:
2738:
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2414:
2409:Maude, 71–3.
2405:
2396:
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2001:
1992:
1987:
1966:
1881:
1846:
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1782:
1776:
1746:Alfred Drury
1731:
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1695:
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1451:
1407:
1395:
1364:
1352:
1337:
1335:
1230:
1204:
1202:
1193:81st S/L Rgt
1182:
1177:
1155:
1147:World War II
1141:
1126:
1111:
1107:
1071:
1061:
1044:
1036:
1030:
1014:
1005:
999:
968:
954:
946:
938:Newton Abbot
931:
923:
896:
868:
860:River Escaut
856:
839:
827:
816:
810:
802:offensive.
780:
770:
768:
752:
745:
729:
705:
701:
697:Burgess Hill
681:
671:
668:
661:
658:Bourlon Wood
653:
645:
604:
593:
587:
580:
570:
553:
533:
504:
476:
468:2nd Division
455:
449:
418:
406:
403:Mobilisation
390:in the TF's
379:
369:
359:
352:
324:
300:Carey Street
276:
263:area of the
257:Fleet Street
252:
250:
229:World War II
223:regiment in
217:British Army
208:(CLR) was a
205:
203:
119:Part of
29:
3901:(1908–1938)
1573:Naval mines
1521:, and from
1476:through to
1462:Netherlands
1410:80th AA Bde
1391:Second Army
1383:Bournemouth
1315:409 Bty at
1292:408 Bty at
1280:RAF Docking
1269:405 Bty at
1241:East Anglia
1227:East Anglia
1164:as part of
975:. When the
965:7th Londons
926:Fovant Down
819:Mustard gas
736:173 Brigade
708:Sutton Veny
627:box barrage
611:trench raid
595:Le Transloy
441:Southampton
425:Crowborough
398:World War I
320:Rifle busby
308:Rifle green
285:campaigner
233:air defence
225:World War I
160:Engagements
146:Nickname(s)
141:(1938–1961)
135:(1888–1935)
129:Garrison/HQ
113:Air Defence
4081:Categories
3895:Battalions
3583:, Vol II:
3501:References
3330:8 February
1836:See also:
1588:jets, and
1530:VIII Corps
1438:Bénouville
1430:Caen Canal
1422:Ouistreham
1360:100 AA Bde
1309:RAF Oulton
1286:Sheringham
1223:on 2 May.
1221:103 AA Bde
1158:Portsmouth
1103:Hackbridge
1021:Stowmarket
1010:drill hall
742:Menin Road
726:Bullecourt
536:Lewis guns
409:Eastbourne
355:Black Week
331:drill hall
283:Temperance
278:Daily Mail
189:commanders
182:Commanders
3564:, Vol I:
3344:Army List
1705:Memorials
1690:, Avre,
1625:75 AA Bde
1567:Luftwaffe
1562:XII Corps
1494:XXX Corps
1356:Salisbury
1338:Luftwaffe
1327:B Trp at
1301:C Trp at
1294:Lowestoft
1284:C Trp at
1278:B Trp at
1243:, mainly
1217:65 AA Bde
1170:The Blitz
879:Rhineland
864:Armistice
852:Maricourt
771:see above
757:captured
672:see below
559:High Wood
515:spoil tip
511:gas cloud
370:When the
227:. During
210:volunteer
172:The Blitz
2900:1935–39.
2674:Archived
2124:Archived
1828:A30 road
1458:Nijmegen
1448:Nijmegen
1424:and the
1404:Normandy
1027:Interwar
1012:behind.
1002:Zeppelin
967:to form
911:Surbiton
871:Péruwelz
847:Chipilly
634:Messines
452:Le Havre
349:Boer War
221:infantry
213:regiment
109:Infantry
3897:of the
1797:Croydon
1611:Postwar
1601:Hamburg
1536:in the
1532:during
1523:Frogmen
1519:Ju 188s
1478:Antwerp
1474:Belgium
1371:US Army
1317:Aylsham
1265:Norwich
1263:, near
1168:during
942:Newport
615:sappers
544:Hulluch
464:Béthune
437:Watford
384:Gamages
247:Origins
215:of the
187:Notable
60:Country
3775:
3755:
3740:
3725:
3703:
3685:
3669:
3654:
3639:
3624:
3609:
3591:
3572:
3541:
3507:Anon,
3480:19 May
2945:19 May
2871:19 May
2811:19 May
2772:, 1927
1692:Amiens
1603:under
1586:Ar 234
1514:Fw 190
1510:Bf 109
1506:Me 410
1502:Me 262
1488:) and
1466:Amiens
1271:Cromer
1259:HQ at
1209:Bofors
1097:Merton
1080:Surrey
1076:Sutton
919:Fovant
836:Amiens
811:Gassed
353:After
139:Sutton
78:Branch
69:
52:Active
2939:(PDF)
2932:(PDF)
2865:(PDF)
2858:(PDF)
2805:(PDF)
2798:(PDF)
1862:Notes
1642:into
1590:Ju 88
1582:Weser
1558:Rhine
1542:Venlo
1482:Meuse
1470:Arras
1454:Seine
1418:Sword
1185:cadre
716:Arras
601:Ypres
577:Flers
316:shako
4066:32nd
4061:31st
4056:30th
4051:29th
4046:28th
4041:27th
4036:26th
4031:25th
4026:24th
4021:23rd
4016:22nd
4011:21st
4006:20th
4001:19th
3996:18th
3991:17th
3986:16th
3981:15th
3976:14th
3971:13th
3966:12th
3961:11th
3956:10th
3773:ISBN
3753:ISBN
3738:ISBN
3723:ISBN
3701:ISBN
3683:ISBN
3667:ISBN
3652:ISBN
3637:ISBN
3622:ISBN
3607:ISBN
3589:ISBN
3570:ISBN
3539:ISBN
3482:2014
3332:2020
2947:2014
2873:2014
2813:2014
1713:The
1664:bold
1638:and
1512:and
1504:and
1490:Waal
1486:Maas
1468:and
1428:and
1426:Orne
1416:and
1414:Juno
963:and
901:and
548:Vimy
538:and
530:Vimy
523:wire
519:Lens
485:Loos
259:and
251:The
204:The
105:Role
93:Type
3951:9th
3946:8th
3941:7th
3936:6th
3931:5th
3926:4th
3921:3rd
3916:2nd
3911:1st
1670:):
1496:in
1245:RAF
1127:As
1078:in
971:in
961:5th
957:3rd
825:).
431:in
4083::
3601:,
3560:,
3247:^
3235:^
3117:^
3083:^
3049:^
3029:^
3013:^
2842:^
2830:^
2786:^
2652:^
2510:^
2498:^
2486:^
2258:^
2228:^
2198:^
2170:^
2134:^
2111:^
2010:^
1975:^
1952:^
1928:^
1890:^
1869:^
1830:.
1717:,
1460:,
1436:.
1400:.
1362:.
1350:.
1195:.
1180:.
1139:.
1124:.
1082::
984:.
959:,
722:.
447:.
394:.
362:.
322:.
243:.
3887:e
3880:t
3873:v
3779:.
3744:.
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3673:.
3658:.
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3545:.
3484:.
3334:.
3175:.
3161:.
2949:.
2888:.
2875:.
2815:.
1799:.
1484:(
1377:(
20:)
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