117:. The original cell line was developed through the 3T3 process, which is where the cells derive their naming nomenclature. The 3T3 process began with cultures having 3 days to propagate on a plate (the first "3"), and then a transfer (the "T") of 300,000 cells (second "3") to a new plate to restart the process. These cells will be identified as 3T3 only after they are taken through 20 to 30 passages and have established at a stable growth rate. These cells were originally used to study the properties of transformed cells and the mechanisms of
20:
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characteristics. When 3T3-L1 cells are differentiated into beige adipocytes, they fail to express any beige phenotypic signatures. The process of differentiation is constantly being re-evaluated in the adipose research sector. While a majority of
229:
can be described as the effective differentiation of preadipocytes into mature adipocytes that can then undergo lipogenesis. During this period, cells can undergo hyperplastic growth until they are differentiated. Since 3T3-L1 cells are an
153:
3T3-L1 cells, similar to their other 3T3 counterparts, are typically propagated as an adherent monolayer within a culture vessel. Basal cell culture medias for 3T3-L1 cells tends to contain a version of
Dubelcco's Modified Eagle's Medium
318:
While 3T3-L1 gene expression mimics that of a white adipocyte, some literature suggests some phenotypic 3T3-L1 characteristics can resemble that of brown adipocytes. 3T3-L1 cells, when supplemented with catecholamines, utilized
282:
process, which allows for reproducible experiments and comparison of results across studies. Additionally, the cells can be easily cultured and maintained in the laboratory, and are relatively inexpensive compared to other
84:
Aside from its usages, this cell line is widely developed and can be purchased for continuous propagation for numerous research studies. 3T3-L1 cells of the adipocyte morphology increase the synthesis and accumulation of
198:). These compounds are usually used in varying combinations and concentrations in differentiation media dependent upon the protocol utilized. 3T3-L1 cells are commonly utilized as an effective model for
242:. Aside from the synthetic differentiation itself, 3T3-L1 lineages can display low differentiation efficiency when utilizing common differentiation methods. Low differentiation efficiency can change
953:"Development of hormone receptors and hormonal responsiveness in vitro. Insulin receptors and insulin sensitivity in the preadipocyte and adipocyte forms of 3T3-L1 cells"
423:
372:
1332:
Rungsa, Prapenpuksiri; San, Htoo Tint; Sritularak, Boonchoo; BΓΆttcher, Chotima; Prompetchara, Eakachai; Chaotham, Chatchai; Likhitwitayawuid, Kittisak (2023-02-27).
45:-related diseases and dysfunctions. The 3T3-L1 Swiss subclone line has been widely utilized, since its development, due to its affinity for lipid droplet deposition
114:
37:
derived from the original 3T3 Swiss albino cell line of 1962. The 3T3 original cell line was isolated from a mouse embryo and propagated for this specific line of
270:, their differentiation efficiency and overall lipid accumulation. It is not unrelated that the inhibition of one of these processes could impact others as well.
145:-like morphology. In the early 1980s, it was discovered that these cells could be induced to differentiate into adipocytes in response to hormonal stimulation.
1277:
Park, Hee-Sook; Kim, Soon-Hee; Kim, Young Sup; Ryu, Shi Yong; Hwang, Jin-Taek; Yang, Hye Jeong; Kim, Gun-Hee; Kwon, Dae Young; Kim, Myung-Sunny (July 2009).
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3T3-L1 adipocytes. Isopanduratin A also inhibited adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes by impacting multiple targets in the adipogenic growth cycle such as
367:. While some protocols promote the process of adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cells, others reduce or inhibit the process. In 3T3-L1 adipocytes, oleanolic acid (5
352:
combinations, others have found other methods of differentiating and inducing the process of adipogenesis. Other methods can include transfection with a
89:
and acquire the signet ring appearance of adipose cells. These cells are also sensitive to lipogenic and lipolytic hormones, as well as drugs, including
109:
The 3T3-L1 cell line is a sub clone that was initially developed from a mouse embryo, from a clonal expansion of Swiss 3T3 cells. In 1962, the original
643:
Green H, Kehinde O (1975). "An established preadipose cell line and its differentiation in culture. II. Factors affecting the adipose conversion".
69:, providing an exemplar model for white adipocytes. 3T3-L1 cells can be utilized to study a number of cellular and molecular mechanisms related to
757:
886:"Conversion of 3T3 fibroblasts into adipose cells: triggering of differentiation by prostaglandin F2alpha and 1-methyl-3-isobutyl xanthine"
376:
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related experiment results and limit result interpretation. Studies suggest that differentiation efficiency can rely on factors such as
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214:, and basal energy exchanges and transformations. Although, some literature suggests that 3T3-L1 adipocytes can possess certain
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691:"Quantitative Studies of the Growth of Mouse Embryo Cells in Culture and Their Development Into Established Lines"
291:. However, one limitation of using 3T3-L1 cells is that they are derived from mice and may not fully recapitulate
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at specific levels dependent upon protocol. The DMEM provides essential nutrients, while the FBS provides vital
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174:, and the start of differentiation can be induced in 3T3-L1 cells through the addition of compounds such as a
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and thus inhibited 3T3-L1 differentiation when applied during differentiation or post-differentiation
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Sun, Tingwan; Fu, Mingui; Bookout, Angie L.; Kliewer, Steven A.; Mangelsdorf, David J. (2009-06-01).
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1232:"Berberine increases expression of GATA-2 and GATA-3 during inhibition of adipocyte differentiation"
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material, culture dish provider, culture dish type, cell confluence at the time of differentiation.
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Freshney's culture of animal cells : a manual of basic technique and specialized applications
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supplementation. While the 3T3-L1 lineage can display characteristics similar to both white and
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and require a hormonal differentiation, there has been much debate on their comparability to
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in adipocyte differentiation procedures tends to be dexamethasone and the most commonly used
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1334:"Inhibitory Effect of Isopanduratin A on Adipogenesis: A Study of Possible Mechanisms"
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1069:"3T3-L1 adipocytes display phenotypic characteristics of multiple adipocyte lineages"
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1005:"Co-treatment with dexamethasone and octanoate induces adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cells"
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Benito, Manuel; Porras, Almudena; Nebreda, Angel R.; Santos, Eugenio (1991-08-02).
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Zebisch, Katja; Voigt, Valerie; Wabitsch, Martin; Brandsch, Matthias (June 2012).
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cytidine-cytidine-adenosine-adenosine-thymidine (CCAAT) enhancer binding protein
1173:"Differentiation of 3T3-L1 Fibroblasts to Adipocytes Induced by Transfection of
1126:"Variability in 3T3-L1 adipocyte differentiation depending on cell culture dish"
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310:. These limitations can affect comparability of this particular cell lineage.
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1279:"Luteolin inhibits adipogenic differentiation by regulating PPARΞ³ activation"
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signatures similar to other adipocyte lineages aside from white adipocytes.
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Takenouchi, Takato; Takayama, Yoshiharu; Takezawa, Toshiaki (March 2004).
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540:"Protocol for effective differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells to adipocytes"
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line that it was established by George Todaro and Howard Green of the
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Poulos, Sylvia P; Dodson, Michael V; Hausman, Gary J (October 2010).
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This brown adipocyte characteristic was only enhanced with long-term
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587:"Cell line models for differentiation: preadipocytes and adipocytes"
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accumulation when applied in differentiation media to 3T3-L1 cells.
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can be described as the biochemical and physical accumulation of
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Birth
Defects Research Part A: Clinical and Molecular Teratology
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One advantage of using 3T3-L1 cells is their well-characterized
195:
155:
951:
Rubin, C.S.; Hirsch, A.; Fung, C.; Rosen, O.M. (October 1978).
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Mehra, Anisha; Macdonald, Ian; Pillay, Tahir S. (March 2007).
125:, called 3T3-L1, which demonstrated a greater propensity for
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Differentiated adipocytes in a 3T3-L1 cell line stained with
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peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor y (PPARy) agonist
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in a differentiated adipocyte. Again, the deposition of
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suppressed adipocyte differentiation and consequential
121:. In 1971, Green and Kehinde established a subline of
363:, and the normal combination with the addition of a
492:"Sublines of mouse 3T3 cells that accumulate lipid"
299:cell population, which may not fully reflect the
890:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
689:Todaro, George J.; Green, Howard (1963-05-01).
57:, but, under appropriate conditions, the cells
829:"MicroRNA let-7 Regulates 3T3-L1 Adipogenesis"
490:Green, Howard; Kehinde, Olaniyi (March 1974).
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1067:Morrison, Shona; McGee, Sean L (2015-04-18).
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418:, affected PPARy activation and suppressed
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323:to increase oxygen consumption similar to
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137:deposition. The cells were cultured in a
788:"From multipoint stem cell to adipocyte"
371:mol/L) down regulated the expression of
1230:Hu, Y.; Davies, G.E. (September 2009).
786:Lane, M. Daniel; Quang, Qi-Qun (2005).
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359:, the combination of dexamethasone and
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141:-containing medium and demonstrated a
115:New York University School of Medicine
884:Russell, T R; Ho, R (December 1976).
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16:Cell line used in biological research
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295:. Additionally, 3T3-L1 cells are a
186:. The most commonly used synthetic
1423:. You can help Knowledge (XXG) by
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746:Capes-Davis, Amanda (June 2021).
591:Experimental Biology and Medicine
194:is 1-methyl-3-isobutyl-xanthine (
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386:) during differentiation. Thus,
957:Journal of Biological Chemistry
344:experiments utilize the common
1:
1085:10.1080/21623945.2015.1040612
970:10.1016/s0021-9258(17)34541-6
1395:Cellosaurus entry for 3T3-L1
1248:10.1016/j.phymed.2009.03.002
1021:10.1016/j.cellbi.2003.11.020
657:10.1016/0092-8674(75)90087-2
508:10.1016/0092-8674(74)90126-3
274:Advantages and disadvantages
222:Adipogenesis and lipogenesis
149:Cell culture characteristics
192:phosphodiesterase inhibitor
180:phosphodiesterase inhibitor
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1009:Cell Biology International
133:and a higher affinity for
410:. Long term treatment of
202:because of their similar
119:neoplastic transformation
1142:10.1016/j.ab.2006.12.016
556:10.1016/j.ab.2012.03.005
266:relies on the number of
176:synthetic glucocorticoid
1201:10.1126/science.1857988
1130:Analytical Biochemistry
911:10.1073/pnas.73.12.4516
833:Molecular Endocrinology
695:Journal of Cell Biology
603:10.1258/ebm.2010.010063
544:Analytical Biochemistry
232:immortalized cell line
210:, lipid accumulation,
49:. 3T3-L1 cells have a
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1351:10.3390/foods12051014
348:, dexamethasone, and
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845:10.1210/me.2008-0298
707:10.1083/jcb.17.2.299
1193:1991Sci...253..565B
902:1976PNAS...73.4516R
105:Lineage development
1475:Cell biology stubs
805:10.1002/bdra.20150
463:"3T3-L1 Cell Line"
443:lipoprotein lipase
240:primary cell lines
160:fetal bovine serum
71:insulin-resistance
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1470:Rodent cell lines
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1187:(5019): 565β568.
963:(20): 7570β7578.
896:(12): 4516β4520.
759:978-1-119-51301-8
597:(10): 1185β1193.
325:brown adipocytes.
260:triacylglycerides
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252:culture dish
244:adipogenesis
238:studies and
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227:Adipogenesis
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172:adipogenesis
152:
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1344:(5): 1014.
439:adiponectin
314:Discoveries
297:homogeneous
256:Lipogenesis
248:lipogenesis
91:epinephrine
1464:Categories
1283:BioFactors
1177:Oncogenes"
768:1163959689
285:cell lines
268:adipocytes
216:phenotypic
208:morphology
204:fibroblast
164:antibiotic
143:fibroblast
131:adipocytes
55:morphology
51:fibroblast
1360:2304-8158
1303:0951-6433
1256:0944-7113
1209:0036-8075
1150:0003-2697
1093:2162-3945
1073:Adipocyte
1029:1065-6995
979:0021-9258
920:0027-8424
853:0888-8809
752:. Wiley.
715:1540-8140
611:1535-3702
564:0003-2697
516:0092-8674
412:flavonoid
398:impacted
396:Berberine
361:octanoate
337:phenotype
123:3T3 cells
82:in vitro.
67:phenotype
63:adipocyte
39:3T3 cells
35:cell line
25:Oil Red O
1378:36900533
1369:10000982
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733:13985244
673:19040294
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