210:. In Landry's original 4–3 defenses (4–3 inside and 4–3 outside), both defensive tackles were flexed. In the "flex", on a pro set right, with defensive keys showing a run to the right, the right defensive tackle would be flush on the line and was supposed to penetrate. The right defensive end and left defensive tackle were flexed two feet off the line of scrimmage, the right defensive end now head-on with the left offensive tackle (i.e. a 4–2–2–5 front instead of the more common 5–2–2–5 front). This gave the defense a "zig zag" look unlike any other of its day. The 'flex' was developed to counter option blocking by the offensive lines which had learned to move their heads up defensive linemen to either side to create holes. The running back would then patiently run to daylight. The Flex allowed two defensive linemen to read and react better to the option blocking. The other two linemen could either attack upfield or hold their single gap like the flexed linemen and wait for the ball to come to them. These concepts of shooting the gap and shoot and hold the gap are integral parts of today's more modern versions of the 4–3 which include the
250:
or head up technique in which he lines up on either the outside shoulder of the center or in the middle of his body depending on which way the strength of the play is going. The nose tackle's primary job is to stop the run and take on the double team (which is getting blocked by both the center and the weakside or pulling guard) thus freeing up the linebackers to make a play. The second defensive tackle (simply referred to as the defensive tackle, under tackle or three tech) is generally a bit quicker and faster than the nose tackle, ideally weighing close to 300 pounds (140 kg) but quick-footed enough to shoot through a gap at the snap. He plays a three technique, meaning he lines up on the outside shoulder of the strong side offensive guard. The job of a three tech is to prevent the run, keep the guard off linebackers, and rush the quarterback on pass plays.
294:
enough to pursue the running backs on runs to the outside. Ideal 4–3 defensive ends are athletic and agile and their strength is getting up the field quickly and they usually weigh between 265 and 295 pounds (120 and 134 kg). Right ends, who line up against the offensive left tackle and attack from the blind side of a right-handed quarterback, are usually the best athletes on the line, combining a 275-pound body with quickness and agility to outflank blockers who are bigger and heavier. Defensive ends generally play the 1 gap technique, though will occasionally be forced to play a 2 gap in the event of a TE pinching in to block on run plays. In most schemes, they are also responsible for keeping the quarterback from rolling out of the pocket to make big running gains.
412:
variations that result in more or less the same responsibilities): zone and man. In zone coverage, the cornerback is responsible for an area on the field. In this case, the corner must always stay downfield of whomever he is covering while still remaining in its zone. Zone is a more relaxed defensive scheme meant to provide more awareness across the defensive secondary while sacrificing tight coverage. As such, the corner in this case would be responsible for making sure nobody gets outside of him, always, or downfield of him, in cases where there is no deep safety help. In man coverage, however, the cornerback is solely responsible for the man across from him, usually the offensive player split farthest out.
416:
backs and receivers who get past the linebackers and cornerbacks. He must be a quick and smart player, capable of making tackles efficiently as well as reading the play and alerting his team of game situations. The strong safety is usually larger than the free safety and is positioned relatively close to the line of scrimmage. He is often an integral part of the run defense, but is also responsible for defending against a pass; especially against passes to the tight ends.
359:" scheme makes high demands on the MLB, requiring him to have above-average speed, and additional skills to be able to read the play and either maintain his central position to help the outside linebackers cover short passes, drop behind the linebackers in coverage and protect the zone of the field behind the outside linebackers from 11 to 20 yards out, or run up to the line of scrimmage to help assist in stopping the runs.
1406:
254:
38:
231:
331:
415:
The free safety is responsible for reading the offensive plays and covering deep passes. Depending on the defensive call, he may also provide run support. He is positioned 10 to 15 yards behind the line of scrimmage, toward the center of the field. He provides the last line of defense against running
192:
Other NFL teams came to a version of the 4–3 via a different route. Despite the success of the Browns in the single game with the Eagles, the 5–2 Eagle became more popular, and more teams began to switch to it from the older 5–3 defense. Because the 5–2 lacks a middle linebacker, it was vulnerable to
184:
came up with his umbrella defense which showed a 6–1–4 alignment before the snap but could flex (drop back) its two defensive ends into pass protection. The defense was successful, and the only two losses by the Browns in 1950 came at the hands of the Giants. While the concept belonged to Owen, the
343:
There is only one inside linebacker in the 4–3 scheme, so he is called the middle linebacker (MLB), sometimes known as the "Mike" linebacker. He must be as smart as he is athletic, acts as the "quarterback of the defense" and is often the defensive leader. The primary responsibility of the "Mike" is
249:
in this scheme. In schemes whose base set is an even 4–3, there is no nose tackle. Instead, there is a left and right defensive tackle. When teams do not have a nose tackle, the tackles line up face on the offensive guards. The nose tackle is generally slightly larger and stronger and plays a shade
205:
developed a popular variation, the "Kansas City Stack", which shifted the strong-side defensive end over the tight end, stacked the strong-side linebacker over the tackle, and shifted the weak-side tackle over center. At about the same time, the
Cleveland Browns frequently used a weak-side shift.
293:
The defensive end's primary role in the 4–3 defense is to get to the quarterback and create pressure. The 4–3 DEs are the smallest of all of the defensive lineman due to their emphasis on speed over strength. They still need to be strong enough to fight their way past offensive tackles, yet quick
411:
Coverage is simply how the defense will be protecting against the pass. The corners will generally line up 3 to 5 yards off the line of scrimmage, generally trying to "Jam" or interrupt the receiver's route within the first 5 yards. A corner will be given one of two ways to defend the pass (with
388:. The "Sam" does his fair share of blitzing; however, he also needs to play the run and take on blockers, making him a bigger linebacker on average than the weak-side linebacker. He will usually be relied upon to cover the tight end or potentially a back out of the backfield.
200:
In the original version of the 4–3, the tackles lined up over the offensive guards and the ends lined up on the outside shoulder of the offensive tackles, with the middle linebacker over the center and the other linebackers outside the ends. In the mid-1960s,
193:
passes over the middle. As a consequence, 5–2 teams experimented with pulling their middle guards back, and many teams were trying this new approach by 1954. In 1956, Landry became the first defensive coordinator to switch to the 4–3 as a base defense. As the
383:
there are two outside linebackers in the 4–3. These outside backers are known as the strong side and weak side linebackers. The strong side, or "Sam" linebacker, is so named because he typically sticks to the strong side of the defense, across from the
318:, use an alternative of the 4–3 defense, a big, strong, 280-plus-pound strong side defensive end to stop the run on their base formation, and on passing downs they kick inside at defensive tackle to insert a pass rush specialist. But players like
83:
The Giants employed a 6–1–4 basic formation when they shut out the Browns in 1950, but on many plays this became a 4–1–6 in reality, when the ball was snapped, because the ends dropped off the line to afford extraordinary coverage on
322:, an elite and undersized defensive end, play strong side linebacker on first and second downs and use their pass rushing ability on passing downs by lining up at stand up defensive end to bring pressure on the quarterback.
189:, explained and taught the defense. While the defense was a precursor to the traditional 4–3–4 of today, it was not yet evolved into what one would call a traditional 4–3 defense. That took an additional six years.
61:. It is called a "base defense" because it is the default defensive alignment used on "base downs" (1st and 2nd downs). However, defenses will readily switch to other defensive alignments (such as a
408:
The 4–3 defense generally uses four defensive backs. Two of these are safeties, and two of them are cornerbacks. A cornerback's responsibilities vary depending on the type of coverage called.
716:
392:
is a prototypical "Sam" linebacker. The weak side, or "Will" linebacker, will generally play on the weak side and has more freedom than the other LBs, often blitzing the
709:
344:
to stop the run, though he will often be asked to fall back in zone coverage in pass protection; man to man pass coverage has him assigned to the
396:
or guarding against the screen. He also has heavy coverage responsibilities, making a good number of today's Will linebackers former safeties.
197:
won the NFL Championship, this gave the 4–3 enormous exposure, and just about the whole NFL converted to the new system the following season.
1430:
118:, the defenses began to evolve along with the offensive changes, and by the later 1930s, the standard defense in the NFL and college was the
539:
1409:
702:
269:
Teams that want to use a standard 4–3 scheme often face a dilemma: there aren't enough great defensive ends to go around. Players like
1142:
1111:
1053:
134:, in the 1940s led to the almost universal adoption by 1950 of the five-man line. There were two versions popular in the NFL. The
389:
585:
368:
158:
1043:
480:
181:
90:
1355:
1285:
1182:
107:
345:
983:
194:
245:
There are two defensive tackles in the 4–3 scheme. Teams whose base front is an "over" or "under" front will have a
161:
from its inception in 1946 through its final season in 1949. In the first game of the 1950 season, NFL Commissioner
1028:
725:
1163:
852:
1375:
103:
206:
Landry developed a "flex" variation, in order to take advantage of the quickness of his Hall of Fame tackle,
1308:
1168:
760:
169:
on a
Saturday ahead of the rest of the league's scheduled Sunday games. The Browns handily won the game in
1350:
1320:
1033:
111:
1303:
1250:
1210:
1132:
827:
689:
149:
was creating problems for offenses with a five-man line and four-man secondary. Roughly concurrently,
1391:
1215:
1058:
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31:
790:
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166:
679:
1240:
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1106:
842:
832:
744:
739:
549:
311:
131:
1293:
1260:
1220:
1023:
935:
822:
476:
315:
219:
127:
54:
46:
351:
The 4–3 defense relies on having a sure tackler at the middle linebacker spot. Most notably,
1158:
1074:
963:
800:
795:
785:
684:
303:
239:
215:
176:
Defenses knew they had to find a way to stop the spread-out vertical offense of the Browns.
154:
1345:
1340:
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1315:
667:
The Best Show in
Football: The 1946–1955 Cleveland Browns – Pro Football's Greatest Dynasty
380:
146:
135:
119:
70:
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1230:
1137:
993:
810:
177:
115:
1365:
1275:
1245:
1079:
1008:
870:
837:
805:
364:
307:
274:
270:
62:
106:, teams stacked the defensive line of scrimmage with seven linemen, typically using a
1424:
815:
397:
356:
262:
564:
1360:
1048:
1018:
1013:
988:
930:
865:
775:
360:
352:
170:
142:
66:
348:
typically. The MLB is often the largest and strongest of all of the linebackers.
1205:
1200:
1190:
973:
945:
940:
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915:
860:
780:
393:
246:
123:
58:
1330:
1265:
1003:
978:
955:
920:
910:
900:
885:
880:
875:
544:
319:
284:
202:
186:
150:
138:
was an older defense that remained popular through the 1940s and early 1950s.
694:
603:
998:
968:
905:
895:
890:
625:
Total
Football II: The Official Encyclopedia of the National Football League
385:
253:
207:
162:
37:
17:
569:
230:
1225:
1195:
1116:
330:
211:
329:
252:
229:
36:
698:
623:
Carroll, Bob, Gershman, Michael, Neft, David, and Thorn, John,
457:
455:
234:
Two defensive tackles split the center in the base 4–3 defense.
114:. With the liberalization of the forward passing rules in
69:) as circumstances change. Alternatively, some teams use a
367:
were prototypical "Mike" linebackers before retirement.
173:
35–10 and showed they were a force to be reckoned with.
371:
is a prototypical "Mike" linebacker in the modern NFL.
30:"4-3" redirects here. For the TV screen standard, see
586:"Football 101: Linebacker Assignments and Alignment"
1384:
1284:
1181:
1151:
1125:
1099:
1092:
1067:
954:
851:
768:
758:
732:
490:
488:
630:Halas, George, Morgan, Gwen, and Veysey, Arthur,
53:is a defensive alignment consisting of four down
165:had the newly admitted Browns play the champion
267:
80:
153:had developed a vertical timing offense. The
710:
8:
660:The New Thinking Man's Guide to Pro Football
565:"Defensive linemen do the dirty work in 3–4"
533:
531:
529:
527:
277:come along about once per year in the draft.
1096:
765:
717:
703:
695:
32:Aspect ratio (image) § 4:3 standard
424:
662:, Simon and Schuster, 1984, Chapter 6.
604:"Football 101: Players and Positions"
400:is a prototypical "Will" linebacker.
257:The defensive ends flank the tackles.
27:American football defensive formation
7:
157:won every championship of the rival
627:, Harper Collins, 1999, Chapter 17.
334:Linebackers in the 4–3 base defense
690:1994 Arizona Cardinals 4–3 Defense
653:Cowboys Have Always Been my Heroes
25:
655:, Warner Books, 1997, Chapter 20.
641:, New York Graphic Society, 1973.
1405:
1404:
669:, Taylor Trade Publishing, 2006
685:1992 Dallas Cowboys 4–3 Defense
218:shoot and hold defense and the
185:newly acquired defensive back,
159:All-America Football Conference
1:
680:1989 Monte Kiffin 4–3 Defense
563:Smith, Michael (2004-12-15).
1431:American football formations
474:Tom Landry: an Autobiography
102:Early in the history of the
538:Tanier, Mike (2006-08-28).
1447:
726:American football strategy
639:Vince Lombardi on Football
29:
1400:
282:Mike Tanier, analyst for
449:Owen, Steve, pp. 178–179
126:and the introduction of
104:National Football League
521:Golenbock, pp. 232–240.
122:. The successes of the
335:
291:
258:
235:
100:
42:
540:"The 4–3 vs. the 3–4"
512:Lombardi, pp. 173–185
333:
302:Some teams, like the
256:
233:
40:
1392:Resting the starters
1286:Defensive formations
1183:Offensive formations
648:, David McKay, 1952.
634:, McGraw-Hill, 1979.
646:My Kind of Football
608:football.calsci.com
431:Owen, Steve, p. 177
375:Outside linebackers
167:Philadelphia Eagles
141:By the late 1940s,
95:My Kind of Football
1093:Defensive strategy
651:Golenbock, Peter,
637:Lombardi, Vince,
440:Halas, pp. 167–170
336:
312:Cincinnati Bengals
259:
236:
132:one-platoon system
43:
41:A 4–3 base defense
1418:
1417:
1177:
1176:
1088:
1087:
1034:Statue of Liberty
658:Zimmerman, Paul,
503:Golenbock, p. 233
494:Zimmerman, p. 128
462:Total Football II
339:Middle linebacker
316:Las Vegas Raiders
240:Defensive tackles
147:5–2 Eagle defense
130:, abolishing the
128:free substitution
47:American football
16:(Redirected from
1438:
1408:
1407:
1159:Icing the kicker
1097:
1075:Clock management
1029:Hook and lateral
964:Play-action pass
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719:
712:
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612:
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548:. Archived from
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304:Seattle Seahawks
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216:Seattle Seahawks
155:Cleveland Browns
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1271:Minnesota shift
1231:Single set back
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1059:Tackle-eligible
1039:Halfback option
994:Fake field goal
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811:Run-pass option
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665:Piascik, Andy,
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1080:Hail Mary pass
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632:Halas by Halas
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584:Miller, Matt.
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552:on 2009-04-15.
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308:Denver Broncos
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275:Dwight Freeney
271:Julius Peppers
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263:Defensive ends
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226:Defensive line
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97:, 1952, p. 183
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63:nickel defense
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398:Lavonte David
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357:Tampa Cover 2
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19:
1376:8-in-the-box
1298:
1133:Bump and run
1019:Fumblerooski
1014:Flea flicker
791:Buck-lateral
750:Play calling
666:
659:
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645:
638:
631:
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618:Bibliography
607:
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579:
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550:the original
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390:Anthony Barr
378:
361:Luke Kuechly
353:Monte Kiffin
350:
342:
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292:
283:
268:
244:
214:scheme, the
199:
191:
175:
171:Philadelphia
143:Greasy Neale
140:
101:
94:
82:
81:
67:dime defense
50:
44:
1251:Pistol-Flex
1211:Single-wing
1024:Hidden ball
974:Double pass
956:Trick plays
936:Stop-and-go
781:Air Coryell
745:Two-platoon
740:One-platoon
394:quarterback
381:3–4 defense
369:Fred Warner
326:Linebackers
247:nose tackle
195:1956 Giants
180:head coach
124:T formation
71:3–4 defense
59:linebackers
51:4–3 defense
18:4-3 defense
1266:Jump shift
1216:Short punt
1107:Man-to-man
1044:Hard count
1004:Fake spike
979:End-around
843:West Coast
833:Smashmouth
759:Offensive
545:NFL on Fox
481:0310529107
420:References
379:As in the
320:Von Miller
285:NFL on Fox
203:Hank Stram
187:Tom Landry
182:Steve Owen
151:Paul Brown
91:Steve Owen
57:and three
1304:Miami 4–3
1126:Coverages
999:Fake punt
823:Pro-style
404:Secondary
386:tight end
220:4–3 slide
208:Bob Lilly
163:Bert Bell
108:7-diamond
1425:Category
1410:Category
1241:Flexbone
1236:Wishbone
871:Crossing
801:Multiple
796:Hurry-up
786:Air raid
761:strategy
570:ESPN.com
346:fullback
280:—
88:—
1371:Prevent
1356:7–1–2–1
1294:2-level
1261:Wildcat
1226:Pro set
1221:Shotgun
1196:Split-T
1117:Tampa 2
1049:Pyramid
989:Spinner
984:Reverse
733:Systems
298:Variant
212:Tampa 2
110:or the
77:History
55:linemen
1366:Nickel
1246:Pistol
1138:Double
1100:Scheme
931:Sluggo
916:Screen
866:Corner
853:Routes
838:Spread
806:Option
769:Scheme
479:
314:, and
84:passes
1385:Other
1351:7–2–2
1321:3–3–5
1256:Trips
1164:Stunt
1152:Other
1068:Other
946:Wheel
941:Swing
926:Slant
861:Chair
112:7-box
65:or a
1361:Dime
1143:Zone
1112:Zone
969:Draw
921:Seam
911:Post
901:Jerk
886:Flat
881:Drag
876:Curl
776:A-11
477:ISBN
363:and
355:'s "
116:1933
49:, a
1346:6–2
1341:5–3
1336:5–2
1326:4–4
1316:3–4
1299:4–3
1169:Spy
906:Out
896:Hot
891:Fly
273:or
145:'s
136:5–3
120:6–2
45:In
1427::
1331:46
606:.
588:.
567:.
542:.
526:^
487:^
454:^
310:,
306:,
222:.
93:,
73:.
1206:A
1201:I
1191:T
718:e
711:t
704:v
610:.
592:.
573:.
288:.
34:.
20:)
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