654:
difference at long ranges, when the bullet became subsonic, and the accuracy of the intermediate cartridge at these ranges was considered inconsequential. However, further testing showed that the boat tail improved accuracy even at shorter ranges, where the bullet was still supersonic. To maintain the overall mass of the bullet, after adding the boat tail, the ogival head section of the bullet was lengthened as well, making the bullet more streamlined overall. The maximum radius was now attained at some 15.95mm from the tip and the overall length of the bullet increased to 26.8mm. To preserve the total length of the cartridge, the case sleeve was shortened to 38.7mm (and by rounding it is customarily referred to as 7.62×39.) Additionally, the new bullet had a core made of lead wrapped in low-carbon steel. The use of low-carbon (mild) steel was guided mostly by the desire to reuse some industrial equipment that was manufacturing the
889:
shifting the center of gravity rearward in comparison to the M43. This allows the projectile to destabilize nearly 17 cm (6.7 in) earlier in tissue. This causes a pair of large stretch cavities at a depth likely to cause effective wound trauma. When the temporary stretch cavity intersects with the skin at the exit area, a larger exit wound will result, which takes longer to heal. Additionally, when the stretch cavity intersects a stiff organ like the liver, it will cause damage to that organ. However, the wounding potential of M67 is mostly limited to the small permanent wound channel the bullet itself makes, especially when the bullet does not yaw (tumble).
1366:
736:. This change improved their penetration by 1.5–2 times. It is not possible to externally distinguish these bullets from the earlier, softer PS ones except by year of fabrication. At about the same time, tool steel was adopted for a normal velocity 7.62×39 bullet. Called BP, this bullet was developed in the 1980s and 1990s. It was officially adopted for Russian service in 2002 under the service name "7.62 BP", and with the GRAU designation 7N23. The BP bullet is claimed to achieve over three times the penetration of the PS bullet; it can defeat the Russian bullet-proof vest with designation
729:, followed by another section entirely made of lead. The subsonic bullet also has a larger maximum diameter of 7.94 mm compared to all other 7.62×39 bullets that peak at 7.91 mm diameter; the larger diameter of the lead-core section was intended to provide a tighter fit to the barrel by better engaging the rifling grooves. The 7.62 subsonic ammo was intended to be fired from AK-47-type rifles equipped with the PBS-1 silencer and developed a muzzle velocity of about 285–300m/s. For recognition, this ammo typically has the bullet tips painted black with a green band underneath.
774:
1327:
1351:
1000:
1378:
555:
1402:
1311:
1390:
836:, who continues to manufacture the rifle, primarily for export. Norinco developed and produced 7.62×39mm ammunition for the Type 56 rifle. The Chinese ammunition (as well as all other M43 ammunition) is currently banned from importation in the United States because U.S. federal law classifies the round as an armor-piercing handgun round. This classification is based on materials and bullet design rather than on empirical ability to penetrate armor.
759:
1414:
1339:
938:
543:
53:
2379:
686:) of the core, which accounted for about 50% of the core volume. The 7.62×39 cartridge equipped with the PS bullet finally overcame all objections of the GAU in mid-1947, when it was ordered into series production and given the index 57-N-231S. Field tests of the round and the new prototype AK-47 were carried out at the NIPSVO from December 16, 1947, to January 11, 1948.
1229:, Del-Ton Inc, and ModelOne Sales. Custom builds and conversion kits are available as well. Wide availability and low cost ammo with a wide variety of manufacturers make it a much lower cost of operation compared to other 5.56×45mm alternatives. Conversions include a new bolt, firing pin, extractor, barrel, and magazine. On December 1, 2014,
712:) case. In the early 1960s, a "lacquered" steel case was introduced, and the new cartridge was initially given the designation 57-N-231SL. In an effort to simplify terminology, sometime thereafter the 57-N-231 designation was recycled to denote all steel-core 7.62×39 Soviet ammunition, irrespective of case build.
653:
After more detailed testing results became available, starting in 1947 the cartridge was tweaked by the
Ulyanovsk Machine Building Plant to improve its accuracy and penetration. Initially, the boat tail had been omitted because the Soviet designers had assumed (incorrectly) that it would only make a
744:
At the same 1943 meeting that decided the development new cartridge, the Soviet planners decided that a whole range of new small arms should use it, including a semi-automatic carbine, a fully automatic rifle, and a light machine gun. Design contests for these new weapons began in earnest in 1944.
888:
In the 1960s, Yugoslavia experimented with new bullet designs to produce a round with a superior wounding profile, speed, and accuracy to the M43. The M67 projectile is shorter and flatter-based than the M43. This is mainly due to the removal of the mild steel insert. This has the side effect of
649:
57-N-231. This cartridge actually had a case length of 41 mm, so it is sometimes referred to as the 7.62×41. The bullet it contained was 22.8mm long and had a core made entirely of lead. This bullet has a somewhat stubbier appearance than later 7.62×39 bullets, with its maximal radius being
792:, highly tapered (usually steel) case which seats the bullet and contains the powder charge. The taper makes it very easy to feed and extract the round, since there is little contact with the chamber walls until the round is fully seated. This taper is what causes the
725:, meaning "reduced speed") and the GRAU index 57-N-231U. The subsonic bullet was considerably longer (33.62 mm) and heavier (12.5 g) than the PS bullet, and also had a different, non-layered core structure. The core of its head section was entirely made of
507:
because the production of sheet metal had issues when first initiated. This weapon is now the world's most widespread military-pattern rifle. The cartridge remained the Soviet standard until the 1970s. It was partly replaced in Soviet service by the
206:
1027:(G1 BC) of approximately 0.304 and (G7 BC) of approximately 0.152. The tip has no distinguishing colour. It can penetrate a 6 mm (0.2 in) thick St3 steel plate at 300 m (328 yd) and 6Zh85T body armour at 30 m (33 yd).
1003:
From left to right: steel core, 57-N-231 standard AK military bullet with steel core, green tipped 57-N-231P tracer, the tracer cup (open at the bottom, made from copper washed steel) and lead tip. The jackets of both bullets are copper washed
879:
They were packed in 25-round cartons. The early cartons were marked in Dutch with black text on a plain white label. The later cartons were marked in German with a colored border (a red border for Ball and a black border for Armour-Piercing).
983:
at 125% of this maximum C.I.P. pressure to certify for sale to consumers. This means that 7.62×39mm chambered arms in C.I.P. regulated countries are currently (2015) proof tested at 444.00 MPa (64,397 psi) PE piezo pressure.
827:
Chinese (Type 56) military ammunition (developed in 1956) is an M43-style cartridge with a mild steel core (MSC) and a copper-plated steel jacket. In 1956, the
Chinese developed their own 7.62×39mm assault rifle, also designated
913:(HP) variety. The SP bullets offer improved expansion. Commercial American Made 7.62×39mm Non-Corrosive Steel Case ammunition ,such as those made by and sold under the Advanced Armament Company brand name, are also available in
630:. About 314 cartridge designs were considered theoretically, before narrowing the selection down to eight models that were physically constructed and tested. Most of the development work on the new cartridge took place at
871:
on the packaging and had a black lacquered tip as per NATO standard markings). The brass cases were required to have a length between 38.36 and 38.7 mm, so the cartridge was designated the "7.62×38mm". It was loaded with
848:). As part of a ballistic study, the West German government commissioned reverse-engineered copies of the 7.62 mm M43 round. It was made for use in SKS rifles and RPD light machine guns that they had obtained from
1635:
1034:
armour-piercing bullet, introduced in 2002, has a 3.6 g (55.6 gr) sharp-pointed steel penetrator made of steel U12A and retains the soft lead plug in the nose for jacket discarding. The bullet has a black tip.
2154:
740:
at distances below 250 meters. The BP cartridge has the tip of its bullet painted black. The BP bullet itself is slightly longer (27.4 mm) compared to the PS bullet, but has the same mass of 7.9 grams.
1193:
modern sporting rifle designed for the sporting market. The lower cost and higher availability of military surplus ammunition makes this cartridge attractive for many civilian hunters, plinkers, target and
1164:
Military 7.62×39mm ammunition is purportedly tested to function well in temperatures ranging from −50 to 50 °C (−58 to 122 °F) cementing its usefulness in cold polar or hot desert conditions.
956:
for this cartridge is 240mm (1 in 9.45 in), 4 grooves, Ø lands = 7.62 millimetres (0.300 in), Ø grooves = 7.92 millimetres (0.312 in), land width = 3.81 millimetres (0.150 in) and the
863:, or "soft core") with a gilding-metal jacket. It had a plain tip and red lacquer around the primer annulus to indicate that it was standard Ball ammunition. The other was an armour piercing bullet (
715:
In the mid-1950s, Elizarov's team, now working at NII-61, developed a special subsonic bullet for the 7.62×39 cartridge. It was adopted for service in 1962, and given the army designation "7.62 US" (
701:, have speculated that the Soviets may have had access to the works of GECO and Vollmer during 1940, when Hitler allowed a large number of Soviet engineers to tour various German armament factories.
917:(FMJ) and black tip variety Commercial ammunition differs from most military ammunition in regard to bullet composition, specifically heavy use of lead instead of soft steel or tool steel.
1173:
Since approximately 1990, the 7.62×39mm cartridge has seen some use in hunting arms in the U.S. for hunting game up to the size of whitetail deer, as it is slightly less powerful than the
1574:
2234:
1310:
1365:
867:. or "iron core") with a mild steel core and a gilding-metal jacket. It had black lacquer around the primer annulus to indicate it was armour piercing. (The early rounds were marked
876:
and used non-corrosive
Sinoxid primers. The headstamp bore the metric designation (7.62×38mm) at 12 o'clock, the 2-digit year at 4 o'clock, and the contractor (NWM) at 8 o'clock.
1479:
1925:
832:. It is a variant of the Soviet-designed AK-47 (specifically Type 3 and AKM) assault rifles. Production started in 1956 at State Factory 66 but was eventually handed over to
2501:
1016:
assault rifles and AK-derived light machine guns. As per 2003 there were several variants of 7.62×39mm produced for various purposes. All use clad metal as case material.
650:
attained after only 13.01mm from its tip, and it was lacking a boat tail. After some further refinements, a pilot production series of this cartridge began in March 1944.
1377:
705:, however, argues that the Soviet M43 round was so different that it was possible to dismiss the idea that it was a copy of any German round in existence at the time.
1870:
2328:
2158:
1350:
2297:
2033:
658:
cartridge rather than by bullet fragmentation considerations. This bullet was given the acronym "7.62 PS" (76.2 ПС). The "S" initially stood for "surrogate" (
1156:
at 300 m (328 yd) means the closest 50 percent of the shot group will all be within a circle of the mentioned diameter at 300 m (328 yd).
800:, which feed from a much straighter magazine). While the bullet design has gone through a few redesigns, the cartridge itself remains largely unchanged. The
563:
1389:
1774:
635:
856:(NWM) was contracted in 1958 to make the ammunition. Specifications based on captured samples were drawn up in April 1958 and production began in 1959.
1844:
1517:
1326:
1894:
1570:
1009:
331:
319:
732:
After 1989, the regular (PS) Russian bullets started to be manufactured with a steel core with a higher carbon concentration and subjected to
2230:
2063:
2005:
1696:
1643:
1607:
1460:
1046:
round designed for fire adjustment and target designation. The bullet has a green tip and the tracer burns for 800 m (875 yd). The
578:. The Soviet planners also decided at this meeting that their new cartridge was to be used in a whole range of infantry weapons, including a
1401:
2496:
645:
The first variant of the new cartridge was officially adopted for service after completing range trials in
December 1943; it was given the
788:
with a copper-plated steel jacket, a large steel core, and some lead between the core and the jacket. The cartridge itself consisted of a
2321:
1810:
1486:
1916:
1413:
1951:
807:
The complete solidity of the M43 projectile causes its only drawback—it is very stable, even while traversing tissue. It begins to
530:
rifle. In the 21st century, the 7.62×39mm remains a common service rifle chambering, including for newly developed rifles like the
2209:
1867:
1214:
1050:
is an improved tracer round which initiates at 50 m (55 yd) from the muzzle and burns for 850 m (930 yd).
2184:
615:
2486:
2314:
1795:
1299:
barreled action. The model is called the Howa Mini-Action and is specifically designed for shorter intermediate cartridges.
689:
The design that was ultimately selected by the
Soviets has more dimensional similarities to the GECO cartridge used in the
1430:
590:. The job of designing the Soviet intermediate cartridge was assigned to a committee led by chief designer N.M. Elizarov (
124:
2289:
1975:
1023:
conventional steel-core bullet is designed to engage personnel and weapon systems. The bullet has a steel core and has a
2491:
2294:
2133:
2104:
1737:
1338:
2025:
2506:
1548:
623:
849:
773:
1719:
1455:
914:
902:
547:
412:
58:
1771:
1233:
introduced the Mk47 Mutant (later rebranded to
Resolute line) rifle in 7.62×39mm, using a cut-down AR10 bolt.
1510:
2306:
1837:
1669:"Патрон – основа оружия. Глава третья. Из истории автоматного 7,62-мм патрона образца 1943 г. (7,62х39)",
579:
575:
456:
453:
702:
1177:
round, and has a similar ballistic profile. Large numbers of imported semiautomatic rifles, such as the
1024:
960:
is usually large rifle, with the exception of commercial
Remington/UMC brass using small rifle primers.
829:
801:
991:
maximum average pressure (MAP) for this cartridge is 45,000 psi (310.26 MPa) piezo pressure.
554:
999:
1248:
767:
655:
517:
459:
1886:
1277:
carbine, a "micro length Mauser style" bolt-action rifle chambered in 7.62×39mm and .223 Remington.
1262:
1195:
910:
844:
In the late 1950s West
Germany was investigating the concept of an intermediate service cartridge (
2231:"Test:Howa 1500 Mini Bolt Highlander 7.62x39 mm Rifle by B. Gil Horman – Friday, January 13, 2017"
2082:
1283:
has introduced (around 2010–2011) their own bolt-action 10 FCM scout rifle in 7.62×39mm. Both the
1949:
Russian 7.62x34mm Rounds for Rifles and
Machine Guns, Land Forces Weapons Export Catalog, page 85
1265:
Mini Mauser bolt-action rifle chambered in 7.62×39mm in 2006. The Mauser action is a copy of the
2368:
2262:
2059:
2001:
1692:
1639:
1603:
1440:
1226:
1202:
1174:
1043:
906:
694:
587:
486:
471:
398:
1597:
2429:
1284:
980:
785:
567:
758:
2301:
1955:
1874:
1778:
1445:
1218:
1205:
manufacturers have produced the 7.62×39mm option. Some current and past companies include
968:
926:
898:
819:) of tissue. This greatly reduces the potential wounding effectiveness of the projectile.
479:
1948:
2205:
1317:
1258:
957:
733:
627:
583:
450:
2480:
2410:
789:
763:
698:
642:("Central Scientific-Research Institute for Precision Machine Engineering") in 1966.
639:
619:
523:
35:
1295:
introduced a bolt-action rifle chambered in 7.62×39mm that uses their long-standing
979:
piezo pressure. In C.I.P. regulated countries every rifle cartridge combo has to be
859:
There were two different cartridges commissioned. The first was a lead-core bullet (
2358:
1435:
1222:
500:
463:
281:
104:
80:
2353:
2180:
509:
31:
1791:
1685:
2378:
1280:
778:
690:
614:). Elizarov collaborated closely with some leading weapons designers, including
542:
489:
140:
108:
52:
1967:
1296:
1288:
973:
Commission
Internationale Permanente pour l'Epreuve des Armes à Feu Portatives
953:
937:
812:
726:
646:
2125:
2096:
1745:
1544:
1266:
1252:
1206:
975:) rulings the 7.62×39mm can handle up to 355.00 MPa (51,488 psi) P
808:
466:
origin. The cartridge is widely used due to the global proliferation of the
429:
Test barrel length: 520 mm (20 in) (in Sellier & Bellot tests)
156:
2363:
2275:К. Соловьев, “"Попурри" для символов 7,62” (factory identification guide),
1772:
http://www.uthr.org/SpecialReports/Military_rifle_bullet_wound_patterns.htm
1450:
897:
Commercial Russian-made 7.62×39mm ammunition, such as those sold under the
796:
to have distinctively curved magazines (helping to distinguish AK-47s from
949:
Americans define the shoulder angle at alpha/2 ≈ 16.4 degrees. The common
17:
2405:
1210:
136:
1723:
2461:
2400:
1244:
1240:
1190:
1186:
950:
833:
152:
144:
2456:
1274:
1270:
964:
804:(G7 BC) of the M1943 pattern full metal jacket boat bullet is 0.138.
709:
120:
1395:
Three magazines and a stripper clip loaded with 7.62×39mm ammunition
1770:
Military rifle bullet wound patterns – by Martin L. Fackler. From:
1636:
Military Historical Museum of Artillery, Engineers and Signal Corps
672:), but later the letter was taken to refer to the steel component (
1236:
1182:
998:
988:
797:
793:
772:
757:
638:-44, and which in 1949 was merged with NII-61, itself merged with
553:
541:
531:
527:
520:
516:
rifle, and continues in service with the modernized current-issue
513:
496:
467:
202:
132:
128:
70:
1383:"Bakelite" polymer AK magazines loaded with 7.62×39mm ammunition
1292:
1230:
816:
148:
116:
112:
2310:
1251:
in 7.62×39. They have also offered variants of the bolt-action
1356:
1178:
1013:
737:
697:
used by the later German Sturmgewehr. Some authors, including
631:
558:
7.62×39mm (fourth from left), shown alongside other cartridges
504:
483:
475:
2083:"Ruger® Mini-14® Mini Thirty® Rifle Autoloading Rifle Models"
1599:
Practical Guide to the Operational Use of the RPD Machine Gun
1371:
Magazine for a Finnish RK-62 loaded with 7.62×39mm ammunition
1720:"Assault Rifles and Their Ammunition: History and Prospects"
1316:
Wound profiles of Russian small-arms ammunition compiled by
995:
Basic specifications of 21st century Russian service loads
1868:
ANSI/SAAMI Velocity & Pressure Data: Centerfire Rifle
1738:"The 6.5×40 Cartridge: Longer Reach for the M4 & M16"
1247:
rifle. In 2017, Ruger began production of a model of the
777:
7.62×39mm bullet wound on an American soldier from the
708:
The 57-N-231S cartridge used a "bimetallic" (steel and
1811:"AAC Soviet Ammo 7.62×39 Steel Case Ammo Now Shipping"
1359:
with a 10-round stripper clip of 7.62×39mm ammunition
680:
666:
1185:
clones and variants, are available in this caliber.
2449:
2442:
2422:
2393:
2386:
2346:
357:
349:
341:
329:
317:
300:
292:
276:
268:
260:
252:
244:
236:
228:
220:
212:
197:
189:
184:
176:
168:
163:
99:
91:
86:
76:
66:
43:
1684:
2070:Trajectories are identical according to Remington
2012:Trajectories are identical according to Remington
1545:"Steel Cased Ammo – Wolf Performance Ammunition"
1407:Loading 7.62×39mm ammunition into an AK magazine
2155:"Mauser Action Rifles Now in Remington Country"
1571:"Product detail 7,62×39 — Sellier & Bellot"
1419:An AK magazine loaded with 7.62×39mm ammunition
562:On July 15, 1943, the Technical Council of the
1792:"US Code: Title 18, Part 1, Chapter 44, § 921"
784:The original Soviet M43 bullets are 123 grain
574:) met to discuss the introduction of a Soviet
2322:
1621:
1619:
944:7.62×39mm maximum C.I.P. cartridge dimensions
720:
673:
659:
609:
603:
597:
591:
512:cartridge, which was introduced with the new
8:
1832:
1830:
1243:as a 7.62×39mm version of its popular Ruger
27:Soviet military intermediate rifle cartridge
1918:Российские боеприпасы Промежуточные патроны
1766:
1764:
1762:
2446:
2390:
2329:
2315:
2307:
2267:КАЛАШНИКОВ. ОРУЖИЕ, БОЕПРИПАСЫ, СНАРЯЖЕНИЕ
1691:. Simon & Schuster. pp. 166–167.
1602:. Erik Lawrence Publications. p. 17.
634:-44, which was soon thereafter renamed as
2502:Weapons and ammunition introduced in 1944
1665:
1663:
1661:
1659:
1657:
1655:
1480:"SAAMI spec sheet (7.62x39mm on page 53)"
431:Source(s): Wolf Ammo Sellier & Bellot
1052:
1471:
1306:
2295:Various photos of 7.62×39mm ammunition
1539:
1537:
1010:Armed Forces of the Russian Federation
40:
1718:Williams, Anthony G (November 2014).
1461:Table of handgun and rifle cartridges
1332:Wound ballistics profile of 7.62×39mm
1291:are chambered in 7.62×39mm. In 2016,
1008:The 7.62×39mm rounds in use with the
854:Nederlandsche Wapen-en Munitiefabriek
811:only after traversing nearly 26
7:
1798:from the original on 2 January 2016.
1634:] (in Russian). St. Petersburg:
1632:The History of Russian Assault Rifle
1577:from the original on 5 December 2015
1551:from the original on 6 November 2016
564:People's Commissariat for Armaments
386:7.9 g (122 gr) 57N231 FMJ
2237:from the original on April 9, 2017
1159:
1147:
901:brand name, are also available in
25:
2290:7.62x39 submachine gun cartridges
1344:7.62×39mm ammunition and snap cap
1121:1,946 J (1,435 ft⋅lbf)
1118:1,951 J (1,439 ft⋅lbf)
1115:2,036 J (1,502 ft⋅lbf)
946:. All sizes in millimeters (mm).
2377:
1412:
1400:
1388:
1376:
1364:
1349:
1337:
1325:
1309:
936:
925:The 7.62×39mm has 2.31 ml (35.6
823:Type 56: Chinese mild steel core
420:2,179 J (1,607 ft⋅lbf)
417:738.0 m/s (2,421 ft/s)
406:2,056 J (1,516 ft⋅lbf)
403:641.3 m/s (2,104 ft/s)
392:2,108 J (1,555 ft⋅lbf)
389:730.3 m/s (2,396 ft/s)
337:310.3 MPa (45,010 psi)
325:355.0 MPa (51,490 psi)
51:
2212:from the original on 2011-05-03
2187:from the original on 2010-09-01
2136:from the original on 2017-10-19
2107:from the original on 2017-10-19
2036:from the original on 2016-09-16
1978:from the original on 2015-11-07
1931:from the original on 2019-02-02
1897:from the original on 2019-02-12
1850:from the original on 2015-01-22
1781:. Retrieved on November 9, 2011
1523:from the original on 2018-07-14
1107:718 m/s (2,356 ft/s)
1104:718 m/s (2,356 ft/s)
1101:718 m/s (2,356 ft/s)
2394:based on 5.6×39mm/.220 Russian
2024:Adelmann, Steve (2014-09-26).
1511:"CIP spec sheet for 7.62x39mm"
1320:on behalf of the U.S. military
1189:produces a 7.62×39mm AK-style
596:), assisted by P.V. Ryazanov (
1:
2387:Second generation derivatives
2337:Cartridges derived from the
2056:Gun Digest 1990: 44th Edition
2026:"AR Accuracy with 7.62x39 mm"
1998:Gun Digest 1990: 44th Edition
1838:"C.I.P. TDCC sheet 7,62 x 39"
1626:Monetchikov, Sergei (2005).
1128:at 300 m (328 yd) R
572:Техсовет Наркомата Вооружения
272:56.00 mm (2.205 in)
264:38.70 mm (1.524 in)
248:11.35 mm (0.447 in)
240:11.35 mm (0.447 in)
232:10.07 mm (0.396 in)
2443:Third generation derivatives
2347:First generation derivatives
1093:7.55 g (116.5 gr)
1090:7.57 g (116.8 gr)
933:O) cartridge case capacity.
256:1.50 mm (0.059 in)
224:8.60 mm (0.339 in)
216:7.62 mm (0.300 in)
2497:Pistol and rifle cartridges
2030:www.shootingillustrated.com
1087:7.9 g (121.9 gr)
1079:16.05 g (248 gr)
681:
667:
499:was designed shortly after
201:7.85–7.9 mm (0.309–0.311")
2523:
2058:. DBI Books. p. 147.
2000:. DBI Books. p. 147.
1742:Small Arms Defense Journal
1431:List of 7.62×39mm firearms
1140:140 mm (5.5 in)
1137:140 mm (5.5 in)
1076:16.1 g (248 gr)
1073:16.3 g (252 gr)
963:According to the official
852:defectors. The Dutch firm
397:10.0 g (154 gr)
29:
2375:
1628:История русского автомата
1134:75 mm (3.0 in)
721:
674:
660:
610:
604:
598:
592:
571:
428:
419:
411:8.0 g (123 gr)
405:
391:
380:
377:
374:
370:
366:
362:
307:Boxer large rifle (brass)
77:Place of origin
50:
2277:Ружье. Оружие и амуниция
1917:
1809:Y, Daniel (2024-05-07).
1627:
1456:List of rifle cartridges
280:2.31 cm (35.6
57:A steel-cased 7.62×39mm
30:Not to be confused with
1596:Lawrence, Erik (2015).
1261:advertised the compact
2450:based on 6.5mm Grendel
1683:C. J. Chivers (2010).
1269:model rifle's action.
1056:Cartridge designation
1005:
972:
840:Kal. 7,62mm×38 "Dutch"
781:
770:
608:), and I.T. Melnikov (
576:intermediate cartridge
559:
551:
546:Steel-cased 7.62×39mm
229:Shoulder diameter
2359:5.6×39mm/.220 Russian
1887:"патрон 7,62х39 7н23"
1201:In addition, several
1169:Hunting and sport use
1065:57-T-231PM1 (tracer)
1025:ballistic coefficient
1002:
893:Commercial ammunition
802:ballistic coefficient
776:
761:
722:уменьшенной скоростью
557:
545:
503:, later becoming the
358:Ballistic performance
296:240 mm (1 in 9.45 in)
2054:Warner, Ken (1989).
1996:Warner, Ken (1989).
921:Cartridge dimensions
762:From left to right:
518:Russian Armed Forces
198:Bullet diameter
2492:Military cartridges
1196:metallic silhouette
1062:57-N-231P (tracer)
703:Anthony G. Williams
310:Berdan (steel case)
269:Overall length
193:Rimless, bottleneck
2487:7.62×39mm firearms
2423:Based on 5.45×39mm
2341:or its derivatives
2300:2011-06-06 at the
1954:2011-12-16 at the
1873:2013-07-02 at the
1815:thefirearmblog.com
1777:2011-09-10 at the
1638:. pp. 24–25.
1006:
782:
771:
668:surrogatirovannaya
560:
552:
472:Kalashnikov rifles
470:rifle and related
330:Maximum pressure (
318:Maximum pressure (
293:Rifling twist
253:Rim thickness
237:Base diameter
221:Neck diameter
213:Land diameter
164:Production history
2507:Soviet inventions
2474:
2473:
2470:
2469:
2438:
2437:
2263:БИОГРАФИЯ ПАТРОНА
2065:978-0-87349-038-2
2007:978-0-87349-038-2
1698:978-1-4391-9653-3
1673:2005/9, pp. 21–44
1645:978-5-98655-006-0
1609:978-1-941998-35-9
1441:.300 AAC Blackout
1255:in this caliber.
1241:Ruger Mini Thirty
1175:.30-30 Winchester
1144:
1143:
1070:Cartridge weight
1012:are designed for
915:full metal jacket
903:full metal jacket
786:boat-tail bullets
768:7.62×25mm Tokarev
661:суррогатированная
656:7.62×25mm Tokarev
588:light machine gun
526:, as well as the
474:, as well as the
447:.30 Russian Short
435:
434:
424:
423:
245:Rim diameter
205:7.92 mm (0.312")
16:(Redirected from
2514:
2447:
2391:
2381:
2331:
2324:
2317:
2308:
2279:1996/1, pp.28–33
2274:
2269:2004/8, pp.10–16
2261:Юрий Пономарёв "
2260:
2247:
2246:
2244:
2242:
2227:
2221:
2220:
2218:
2217:
2202:
2196:
2195:
2193:
2192:
2176:
2170:
2169:
2167:
2166:
2157:. Archived from
2151:
2145:
2144:
2142:
2141:
2122:
2116:
2115:
2113:
2112:
2093:
2087:
2086:
2079:
2073:
2072:
2051:
2045:
2044:
2042:
2041:
2021:
2015:
2014:
1993:
1987:
1986:
1984:
1983:
1964:
1958:
1946:
1940:
1939:
1937:
1936:
1930:
1923:
1912:
1906:
1905:
1903:
1902:
1883:
1877:
1865:
1859:
1858:
1856:
1855:
1849:
1842:
1834:
1825:
1824:
1822:
1821:
1806:
1800:
1799:
1788:
1782:
1768:
1757:
1756:
1754:
1753:
1744:. Archived from
1734:
1728:
1727:
1726:on 17 July 2015.
1722:. Archived from
1715:
1709:
1708:
1706:
1705:
1690:
1680:
1674:
1667:
1650:
1649:
1623:
1614:
1613:
1593:
1587:
1586:
1584:
1582:
1567:
1561:
1560:
1558:
1556:
1541:
1532:
1531:
1529:
1528:
1522:
1515:
1507:
1501:
1500:
1498:
1497:
1491:
1485:. Archived from
1484:
1476:
1416:
1404:
1392:
1380:
1368:
1353:
1341:
1329:
1313:
1287:Russian and the
1285:SIG Sauer SIG516
1163:
1151:
1126:Accuracy of fire
1098:Muzzle velocity
1053:
940:
850:East German Army
766:, 7.62×39mm and
724:
723:
684:
677:
676:
670:
663:
662:
613:
612:
607:
606:
601:
600:
595:
594:
573:
375:Bullet mass/type
372:
371:
301:Primer type
261:Case length
55:
46:
41:
21:
2522:
2521:
2517:
2516:
2515:
2513:
2512:
2511:
2477:
2476:
2475:
2466:
2434:
2418:
2382:
2373:
2342:
2335:
2302:Wayback Machine
2286:
2272:
2258:
2255:
2253:Further reading
2250:
2240:
2238:
2229:
2228:
2224:
2215:
2213:
2204:
2203:
2199:
2190:
2188:
2178:
2177:
2173:
2164:
2162:
2153:
2152:
2148:
2139:
2137:
2124:
2123:
2119:
2110:
2108:
2095:
2094:
2090:
2081:
2080:
2076:
2066:
2053:
2052:
2048:
2039:
2037:
2023:
2022:
2018:
2008:
1995:
1994:
1990:
1981:
1979:
1966:
1965:
1961:
1956:Wayback Machine
1947:
1943:
1934:
1932:
1928:
1921:
1919:
1914:
1913:
1909:
1900:
1898:
1885:
1884:
1880:
1875:Wayback Machine
1866:
1862:
1853:
1851:
1847:
1840:
1836:
1835:
1828:
1819:
1817:
1808:
1807:
1803:
1790:
1789:
1785:
1779:Wayback Machine
1769:
1760:
1751:
1749:
1736:
1735:
1731:
1717:
1716:
1712:
1703:
1701:
1699:
1682:
1681:
1677:
1668:
1653:
1646:
1629:
1625:
1624:
1617:
1610:
1595:
1594:
1590:
1580:
1578:
1569:
1568:
1564:
1554:
1552:
1543:
1542:
1535:
1526:
1524:
1520:
1513:
1509:
1508:
1504:
1495:
1493:
1489:
1482:
1478:
1477:
1473:
1469:
1446:7.62 mm caliber
1427:
1420:
1417:
1408:
1405:
1396:
1393:
1384:
1381:
1372:
1369:
1360:
1354:
1345:
1342:
1333:
1330:
1321:
1314:
1305:
1219:Rock River Arms
1171:
1158:
1157:
1155:
1146:
1131:
1127:
997:
978:
932:
923:
899:Wolf Ammunition
895:
886:
842:
825:
756:
751:
602:), B.V. Semin (
540:
430:
313:
285:
87:Service history
62:
44:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2520:
2518:
2510:
2509:
2504:
2499:
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2478:
2472:
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2468:
2467:
2465:
2464:
2459:
2453:
2451:
2444:
2440:
2439:
2436:
2435:
2433:
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2426:
2424:
2420:
2419:
2417:
2416:
2413:
2408:
2403:
2397:
2395:
2388:
2384:
2383:
2376:
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2372:
2371:
2366:
2361:
2356:
2350:
2348:
2344:
2343:
2336:
2334:
2333:
2326:
2319:
2311:
2305:
2304:
2292:
2285:
2284:External links
2282:
2281:
2280:
2270:
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2249:
2248:
2222:
2197:
2171:
2146:
2117:
2088:
2074:
2064:
2046:
2016:
2006:
1988:
1959:
1941:
1924:(in Russian).
1915:Соловцов Е.В.
1907:
1878:
1860:
1826:
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1783:
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1729:
1710:
1697:
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1336:
1334:
1331:
1324:
1322:
1318:Martin Fackler
1315:
1308:
1304:
1301:
1259:Remington Arms
1249:American Rifle
1170:
1167:
1153:
1142:
1141:
1138:
1135:
1132:
1129:
1123:
1122:
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1116:
1113:
1112:Muzzle energy
1109:
1108:
1105:
1102:
1099:
1095:
1094:
1091:
1088:
1085:
1084:Bullet weight
1081:
1080:
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1067:
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1063:
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1057:
996:
993:
976:
930:
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891:
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882:
841:
838:
824:
821:
755:
752:
750:
747:
734:heat treatment
693:than with the
611:И.Т. Мельников
584:selective fire
580:semi-automatic
539:
536:
433:
432:
426:
425:
422:
421:
418:
415:
408:
407:
404:
401:
394:
393:
390:
387:
383:
382:
379:
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368:
367:
364:
363:
360:
359:
355:
354:
353:1.605 – 1.63 g
351:
350:Filling weight
347:
346:
345:SSNF 50 powder
343:
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327:
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315:
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190:Case type
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185:Specifications
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2482:
2463:
2460:
2458:
2455:
2454:
2452:
2448:
2445:
2441:
2431:
2430:5.45×39mm PSP
2428:
2427:
2425:
2421:
2414:
2412:
2411:6.5mm Grendel
2409:
2407:
2404:
2402:
2399:
2398:
2396:
2392:
2389:
2385:
2380:
2370:
2367:
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2362:
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2268:
2264:
2257:
2256:
2252:
2236:
2232:
2226:
2223:
2211:
2207:
2206:"Savage Arms"
2201:
2198:
2186:
2182:
2175:
2172:
2161:on 2010-07-01
2160:
2156:
2150:
2147:
2135:
2131:
2130:www.ruger.com
2127:
2121:
2118:
2106:
2102:
2101:www.ruger.com
2098:
2092:
2089:
2084:
2078:
2075:
2071:
2067:
2061:
2057:
2050:
2047:
2035:
2031:
2027:
2020:
2017:
2013:
2009:
2003:
1999:
1992:
1989:
1977:
1973:
1969:
1963:
1960:
1957:
1953:
1950:
1945:
1942:
1927:
1920:
1911:
1908:
1896:
1892:
1888:
1882:
1879:
1876:
1872:
1869:
1864:
1861:
1846:
1839:
1833:
1831:
1827:
1816:
1812:
1805:
1802:
1797:
1793:
1787:
1784:
1780:
1776:
1773:
1767:
1765:
1763:
1759:
1748:on 2015-01-23
1747:
1743:
1739:
1733:
1730:
1725:
1721:
1714:
1711:
1700:
1694:
1689:
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1666:
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1637:
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1592:
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1576:
1572:
1566:
1563:
1550:
1546:
1540:
1538:
1534:
1519:
1512:
1506:
1503:
1492:on 2019-01-25
1488:
1481:
1475:
1472:
1466:
1462:
1459:
1457:
1454:
1452:
1449:
1447:
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1442:
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1424:
1415:
1410:
1403:
1398:
1391:
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1367:
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1358:
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1347:
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1328:
1323:
1319:
1312:
1307:
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1300:
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1290:
1286:
1282:
1278:
1276:
1272:
1268:
1264:
1260:
1256:
1254:
1250:
1246:
1242:
1239:produces the
1238:
1234:
1232:
1228:
1224:
1220:
1216:
1212:
1208:
1204:
1199:
1197:
1192:
1188:
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1069:
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1028:
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1022:
1017:
1015:
1011:
1001:
994:
992:
990:
985:
982:
974:
970:
966:
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947:
945:
941:
939:
934:
928:
920:
918:
916:
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908:
904:
900:
892:
890:
883:
881:
877:
875:
870:
866:
862:
857:
855:
851:
847:
846:Mittelpatrone
839:
837:
835:
831:
822:
820:
818:
814:
810:
805:
803:
799:
795:
791:
790:Berdan-primed
787:
780:
775:
769:
765:
760:
753:
748:
746:
742:
739:
735:
730:
728:
718:
713:
711:
706:
704:
700:
699:C. J. Chivers
696:
692:
687:
685:
683:
671:
669:
657:
651:
648:
643:
641:
640:TsNIITochMash
637:
633:
629:
625:
621:
617:
593:Н.М. Елизаров
589:
586:rifle, and a
585:
581:
577:
569:
565:
556:
549:
544:
537:
535:
533:
529:
525:
524:service rifle
522:
519:
515:
511:
506:
502:
498:
493:
491:
488:
485:
481:
477:
473:
469:
465:
461:
458:
455:
452:
449:) round is a
448:
444:
440:
427:
416:
414:
410:
409:
402:
400:
396:
395:
388:
385:
384:
373:
369:
365:
361:
356:
352:
348:
344:
340:
336:
333:
328:
324:
321:
316:
309:
306:
305:
303:
299:
295:
291:
287:
279:
277:Case capacity
275:
271:
267:
263:
259:
255:
251:
247:
243:
239:
235:
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227:
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219:
215:
211:
208:
204:
200:
196:
192:
188:
183:
179:
175:
171:
167:
162:
159:, many others
158:
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98:
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79:
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60:
54:
49:
42:
37:
33:
19:
2338:
2276:
2273:(in Russian)
2266:
2259:(in Russian)
2239:. Retrieved
2225:
2214:. Retrieved
2200:
2189:. Retrieved
2174:
2163:. Retrieved
2159:the original
2149:
2138:. Retrieved
2129:
2126:"Ruger News"
2120:
2109:. Retrieved
2100:
2097:"Ruger News"
2091:
2077:
2069:
2055:
2049:
2038:. Retrieved
2029:
2019:
2011:
1997:
1991:
1980:. Retrieved
1971:
1968:"warfare.be"
1962:
1944:
1933:. Retrieved
1910:
1899:. Retrieved
1890:
1881:
1863:
1852:. Retrieved
1818:. Retrieved
1814:
1804:
1786:
1750:. Retrieved
1746:the original
1741:
1732:
1724:the original
1713:
1702:. Retrieved
1686:
1678:
1670:
1631:
1598:
1591:
1579:. Retrieved
1565:
1553:. Retrieved
1525:. Retrieved
1505:
1494:. Retrieved
1487:the original
1474:
1436:.220 Russian
1279:
1257:
1235:
1223:Olympic Arms
1200:
1172:
1160:
1148:
1145:
1047:
1039:
1037:
1031:
1029:
1020:
1018:
1007:
986:
962:
948:
943:
942:
935:
924:
911:hollow-point
896:
887:
878:
873:
868:
864:
860:
858:
853:
845:
843:
826:
806:
783:
743:
731:
716:
714:
707:
688:
679:
665:
652:
644:
599:П.В. Рязанов
561:
494:
490:machine guns
457:intermediate
454:bottlenecked
446:
442:
438:
436:
180:1944–present
105:Soviet Union
95:1945–present
81:Soviet Union
1891:patronen.su
1281:Savage Arms
1048:57-T-231PM1
958:primer type
874:kugelpulver
779:Vietnam War
695:Polte round
691:Vollmer M35
582:carbine, a
445:, formerly
443:7.62 Soviet
141:North Korea
109:Warsaw Pact
2481:Categories
2415:.30 Walker
2216:2011-05-23
2191:2010-08-28
2165:2010-08-28
2140:2017-10-18
2111:2017-10-18
2040:2017-04-07
1982:2013-01-21
1972:warfare.be
1935:2019-02-11
1901:2019-02-11
1854:2015-01-22
1820:2024-08-16
1752:2015-01-14
1704:2016-11-02
1581:30 January
1555:30 January
1527:2019-01-24
1496:2019-01-24
1467:References
1297:Howa M1500
1273:sells the
1198:shooters.
954:twist rate
907:soft-point
764:7.62×54mmR
727:tool steel
719:stood for
647:GRAU index
605:Б.В. Семин
92:In service
36:7.62×54mmR
18:7.62×39 mm
2354:5.45×39mm
2339:7.62×39mm
1357:SKS rifle
1267:Gewehr 98
1263:Model 799
1207:AR-Stoner
1059:57-N-231
1040:57-N-231P
909:(SP) and
865:Eisenkern
861:Weichkern
815:(10
550:cartridge
510:5.45×39mm
460:cartridge
439:7.62×39mm
157:Venezuela
107:, former
61:cartridge
45:7.62×39mm
32:7.62×35mm
2406:6 mm PPC
2369:.366 TKM
2298:Archived
2241:April 8,
2235:Archived
2210:Archived
2185:Archived
2181:"CZ-USA"
2134:Archived
2105:Archived
2034:Archived
1976:Archived
1952:Archived
1926:Archived
1895:Archived
1871:Archived
1845:Archived
1796:Archived
1775:Archived
1575:Archived
1549:Archived
1518:Archived
1425:See also
1289:SIG 556R
1211:Armalite
1021:57-N-231
749:Variants
682:stal'noy
675:стальной
378:Velocity
177:Produced
169:Designed
137:Cambodia
2462:6mm ARC
2401:.22 PPC
1687:The Gun
1303:Gallery
1245:Mini-14
1191:WASR-10
1187:Romania
981:proofed
951:rifling
905:(FMJ),
869:Pantser
834:Norinco
830:Type 56
628:Shpagin
624:Simonov
620:Tokarev
616:Fedorov
568:Russian
538:History
451:rimless
342:Filling
153:Finland
145:Vietnam
103:former
100:Used by
2457:6mm AR
2364:9×39mm
2179:Rand.
2062:
2004:
1695:
1671:Оружие
1642:
1606:
1451:9×39mm
1275:CZ 527
1271:CZ-USA
1044:tracer
1004:steel.
969:French
965:C.I.P.
798:AK-74s
710:copper
626:, and
521:AK-74M
482:, and
464:Soviet
381:Energy
320:C.I.P.
121:Russia
1929:(PDF)
1922:(PDF)
1848:(PDF)
1841:(PDF)
1630:[
1521:(PDF)
1514:(PDF)
1490:(PDF)
1483:(PDF)
1237:Ruger
1203:AR-15
1183:AK-47
1042:is a
989:SAAMI
927:grain
794:AK-47
532:AK-15
528:AK-12
514:AK-74
497:AK-47
487:light
468:AK-47
441:(aka
332:SAAMI
203:SAAMI
133:Egypt
129:India
125:China
71:Rifle
2243:2017
2060:ISBN
2002:ISBN
1693:ISBN
1640:ISBN
1604:ISBN
1583:2016
1557:2016
1293:Howa
1231:CMMG
1227:DPMS
1215:Colt
1181:and
1038:The
1032:7N23
1030:The
1019:The
987:The
501:WWII
495:The
437:The
282:gr H
172:1943
149:Cuba
117:Iran
113:Iraq
67:Type
2265:",
1253:M77
1179:SKS
1014:AKM
977:max
884:M67
809:yaw
754:M43
738:6B5
636:NII
632:OKB
548:FMJ
505:AKM
484:RPK
480:RPD
476:SKS
462:of
413:FMJ
207:CIP
59:FMJ
34:or
2483::
2233:.
2208:.
2183:.
2132:.
2128:.
2103:.
2099:.
2068:.
2032:.
2028:.
2010:.
1974:.
1970:.
1893:.
1889:.
1843:.
1829:^
1813:.
1794:.
1761:^
1740:.
1654:^
1618:^
1573:.
1547:.
1536:^
1516:.
1225:,
1221:,
1217:,
1213:,
1209:,
1154:50
1130:50
971::
817:in
813:cm
717:US
678:,
664:,
622:,
618:,
570::
534:.
492:.
478:,
399:SP
155:,
151:,
147:,
143:,
139:,
135:,
131:,
127:,
123:,
119:,
115:,
111:,
2330:e
2323:t
2316:v
2245:.
2219:.
2194:.
2168:.
2143:.
2114:.
2085:.
2043:.
1985:.
1938:.
1904:.
1857:.
1823:.
1755:.
1707:.
1648:.
1612:.
1585:.
1559:.
1530:.
1499:.
1152:R
967:(
931:2
929:H
566:(
334:)
322:)
288:)
286:O
284:2
38:.
20:)
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