374:, at the regimental level to provide fire support under the direct and immediate control of the infantry. This meant that every infantry regiment had an infantry gun company for use against unarmored targets and a tank destroyer (anti-tank gun) company for use against armored targets. A 8H63 firing an explosive round had a lethality almost comparable to the 7.5 cm infantry gun and had a greater range. The 8H63's multi-charge cartridge, 55 degree traverse (fine for anti-tank defence) and +32 degree maximum elevation could have allowed the merger of the infantry and anti-tank gun categories with resulting savings in production, logistics, and precious manpower. The 8H63 was to be organized under the new 1945 Table of Organization and Equipment (TO&E) in anti-tank companies of 12 guns with 104 men, replacing the anti-tank and infantry gun companies (300+ men) of previous organizations.
417:"The enemy resistance had been determined and tough, only equalled by that met in the Rhineland fighting. The Marines had used their SA weapons and bazookas with skill and they had been well backed up by the large number of guns sited in support of them. Their 88-mm guns were well sited and difficult to spot in the thick country which was admirably suited to defence. The one which had given the most trouble was afterwards found to be well dug in and almost impossible of detection from the A or C Squadron positions. We found too that the first guns which had been met were 75-mm bored out to 80-mm and firing a hollow charge projectile through a smooth bore.
304:, was a very effective tank-killer; but, at 1,425 kg, was no longer suitable for use by the infantry. A much larger crew and a vehicle was required to move this gun any distance at all and often just to displace it out of its firing position. Many were lost intact simply because they were overrun before their crews could move them. As the guns got bigger to deal with the latest tank technology, they became too heavy for tactical employment and more expensive. The PAK 36 cost RM 5,730 and took 900 work-hours to build, while a PAK 40 cost RM 12,000 and took 2,000 work-hours to build. The situation was so bad that, by May 1944, the 14th (
329:
on the projectile. The pressure was allowed to bleed gradually into the barrel at a controlled rate and lower pressure to propel the projectile. Thus the barrel could be exceptionally light for a weapon that still had the advantages that accrue from a high pressure gun. The carriage too could be very light, although the initial prototype carriages proved to be too light and had to be redesigned. The resulting PAW 600 (later redesignated 8H63) gun weighed about 600 kg, less than half that of the 7.5 cm PaK 40, while having comparable armor penetration out to its full effective anti-tank range of 750 meters.
31:
435:
In 1944–5, the
Germans changed their system of artillery designations from the old "year" system. Each weapon was to have a number showing their caliber group, a letter denoting the ammunition group, and the last two digits were from the weapon drawing number. In this case, 8H denoted an 81.4 mm
364:
and illuminating rounds. The HE round, the 8 cm W Gr Patr 5071 with a 4.46 kg projectile and total round weight of 8.30 kg was developed. This could employ three different charge increments for maximum ranges of 3,400 meters @ 220 mps, 5,600 meters @ 320 mps or 6,200 meters at 420 mps
328:
proposed a design to meet this requirement using the new high-low pressure ballistic principle, also known as the Hoch-Niederdruck system. In this system, high pressure caused by the combustion of the propellant was confined to the breech section, which was relatively heavy, and did not act directly
314:
rocket launcher. But with an effective range of only 150 meters, this weapon did not provide the depth of fire required for the regiment's anti-tank defense. The only other alternative for a light anti-tank gun had been a recoilless weapon, but the German Army was less than enthusiastic because this
382:
Some 260 guns and 34,800 rounds of ammunition were completed from
December 1944, with 81 guns delivered to the troops in January 1945 and 155 listed on 1 March 1945. Plans had called for the production of 1,000 guns, 4,000,000 anti-tank and 800,000 explosive shells per month. Production models were
369:
were very inefficient when employed as field artillery firing explosive rounds in support of the infantry. The thick projectile walls necessary to withstand high velocities ensured a small explosive payload and the amount of propellent used was wasteful. The guns also fired at low trajectories (+22
391:
Several self-propelled models were proposed in 1945, but the war ended before even prototypes could be built. It is clear that, had the war in Europe carried on longer, the 8H63 would have been a major factor and would likely have complemented the towed PAK 40 and replaced various 7.5 cm
351:
The standard shaped charge projectile, which was designated 8 cm W Gr Patr H1 4462, weighed 2.70 kg. The propelling charge was 360 g of Digl B1 P (compared to a 500 g propelling charge for a Gr 38 Hl/B fired from a PAK 40), which produced a muzzle velocity of 520 mps and provided an
296:, which had the advantage of being very light at 328 kg, so that it could be moved a reasonable distance by hand using only its own crew. By 1941, this gun was inadequate; it could not deal with the heaviest armoured Soviet and British tanks. Its replacement, the
402:, towards the end of the war, but it didn't reach the production stage. This would have had an armor penetration increased to 200 mm, with the effective range against tanks increased to 1,000 meters all in a gun weighing about 1,000 kg.
300:, offered better performance (though still only marginal against the new threat) but, at 1,000 kg, was at the absolute limit of what the gun's own crew could effectively move into and out of a firing position by hand. The next gun, the
535:
436:
caliber weapon using the H group of ammunition. The shells were all to be designated as H with a four digit number, the first three were the drawing number and the last was the shell's category from the following list:
323:
In 1943, a specification was issued for a lightweight anti-tank gun that used less propellant than a rocket or recoilless weapon, yet was sufficiently accurate to hit a 1-meter square target at a range of 750 meters.
352:
effective range of 750 meters against a 1m² target. Armor penetration was 140mm of vertical armor, which was comparable to the 7.5 cm PAK 40 firing the rare and expensive tungsten-cored PzGr40 shot.
432:("anti-tank thrower") designation was used by Rheinmetall during the design phase. The service designation was 8H63 in accordance to the new designation system used during the last year of the war.
360:
Because the ammunition was developed from the standard infantry mortar, any type of round developed for the mortar could have been readily adapted for the 8H63, including high-explosive (HE),
365:- about three times the range of the mortar and with the possibility of direct or indirect fire. This performance brings up another interesting feature of this gun. Traditional high-velocity
650:
336:
ammunition (also called hollow-charge ammunition, high explosive anti-tank, or HEAT). Because shaped charge warheads perform best when no spin is imparted on the projectile, the 8H63 was a
344:
mortar (actual caliber 81.4 mm). This allowed the use of existing tooling in the manufacture of the ammunition, which reduced the costs. The cartridge case was developed from the
1519:
1509:
1137:
643:
420:
This was a new weapon and, although it was not thought to be effective over about five hundred yards, it was an interesting example of German improvisation."
1504:
1401:
636:
836:
371:
332:
Unlike previous anti-tank guns, which relied on firing steel projectiles at high velocities to penetrate heavy armor, the 8H63 was designed to fire
383:
fitted with PAK 40 muzzle brakes and had either the purpose-built light carriage or used redundant PAK 38 carriages, which were slightly heavier.
547:
411:
604:
Fleischer, Wolfgang and
Eiermann, Richard. "German Anti-Tank (Panzerjager) Troops in WWII" Schiffer Military Publishing, Atglen PA 2004.
592:
Weapons of the Third Reich: An
Encyclopedic Survey of All Small Arms, Artillery and Special Weapons of the German Land Forces 1939-1945
623:
609:
599:
370:
degrees for a PAK 40), which limited their utility. For this reason, the German Army had always employed
Infantry Guns, such as the
846:
841:
1274:
1259:
410:
The weapon was used near the River Aller on 14 April 1945, as described in the following account by the official history of
567:
1102:
964:
954:
892:
887:
856:
990:
882:
1355:
985:
861:
292:
was faced with various problems concerning their existing anti-tank gun designs. They had started the war with the
190:
1269:
1264:
1360:
1335:
1330:
1279:
1514:
1325:
1320:
1315:
1310:
1254:
1441:
1380:
1375:
1370:
1077:
1015:
995:
980:
851:
765:
289:
1025:
815:
207:
1289:
173:
1208:
1188:
1416:
1020:
1010:
1005:
944:
939:
913:
908:
760:
684:
341:
178:
1000:
340:
design. To simplify development and manufacture, the projectiles used were based on the widely used
308:) Kompanie of infantry regiments were having their heavy anti-tank guns removed and replaced by the
1385:
1203:
1198:
550:(Poland) - one of three remaining PAW 600 in the world. Aberdeen Proving ground in Maryland, USA.
1183:
1097:
325:
1152:
1147:
689:
1365:
1178:
800:
619:
605:
595:
1411:
1092:
775:
1472:
1467:
1451:
1446:
1426:
1294:
1218:
1173:
1168:
1142:
1132:
1127:
1122:
1087:
1082:
1046:
949:
345:
271:
227:
1431:
1421:
1406:
1249:
1193:
1064:
918:
820:
745:
729:
492:
459:
398:
was also developing an enlarged 10 cm design, known as the 10 cm PAW 1000 or
1498:
1350:
1345:
1340:
1244:
1213:
1030:
810:
795:
790:
785:
780:
755:
750:
724:
719:
714:
709:
704:
679:
475:
366:
333:
310:
301:
293:
267:
44:
1436:
1117:
1112:
1107:
1057:
1051:
959:
923:
866:
660:
628:
315:
type of weapon had many shortcomings, particularly its high demand for propellant.
200:
77:
54:
1239:
1234:
770:
699:
694:
674:
361:
297:
92:
1071:
337:
217:
139:
276:
534:
274:
to fire hollow charge warheads. In 1945, it was used operationally by the
30:
1284:
163:
280:
in small numbers. Only about 260 were produced before the war's end.
185:
618:. 2nd corrected edition. Mechanicsville, PA: Stackpole Books, 1997
399:
395:
414:
by Major G Courage 15/19H, who was with the regiment on the day.
632:
1487:
The
History of 15/19 the King's Royal Hussars 1939-1945
1460:
1394:
1303:
1227:
1161:
1039:
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829:
738:
667:
244:
236:
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206:
196:
184:
172:
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149:
138:
130:
125:
114:
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98:
88:
83:
73:
65:
60:
50:
40:
21:
568:"Unikat z dna Świny trafił do naszego muzeum!"
644:
248:6,200 m (6,800 yd) (high explosive)
8:
35:PAW 600 at Aberdeen military proving grounds
651:
637:
629:
18:
1520:Weapons and ammunition introduced in 1944
533:
438:
559:
1510:World War II anti-tank guns of Germany
590:Gander, Terry and Chamberlain, Peter.
548:Coastal Defence Museum in Świnoujście
372:7.5 cm leichtes InfanteriegeschĂĽtz 18
7:
240:750 m (820 yd) (anti-tank)
134:Combat: 640 kg (1,410 lb)
412:15th/19th The King's Royal Hussars
14:
1505:World War II artillery of Germany
616:German Artillery of World War Two
145:2.95 m (9 ft 8 in)
387:Further development perspectives
237:Effective firing range
29:
1162:Superheavy and siege artillery
508:high explosive, high capacity
245:Maximum firing range
115:
1:
392:infantry guns in production.
1402:2 cm Flak 30/38/Flakvierling
1040:Field, medium and heavy guns
965:38 cm schwerer Ladungswerfer
594:. New York: Doubleday, 1979
527:
524:
521:
513:
510:
507:
499:
496:
491:
483:
480:
474:
466:
463:
458:
23:8 cm Panzerabwehrwerfer 600
991:8 cm Raketen-Vielfachwerfer
1536:
1356:15 cm TbtsK C/36 naval gun
986:7.3 cm Propagandawerfer 41
830:Infantry and mountain guns
1361:20.3 cm SK C/34 naval gun
1336:12.7 cm SK C/34 naval gun
1331:10.5 cm SK C/32 naval gun
157:
51:Place of origin
28:
1326:8.8 cm SK C/35 naval gun
1321:8.8 cm SK C/32 naval gun
1316:8.8 cm SK C/30 naval gun
1311:8.8 cm SK L/45 naval gun
272:high-low pressure system
262:, officially designated
110:December 1944–March 1945
1442:8.8 cm Flak 18/36/37/41
1381:38 cm SK C/34 naval gun
1376:28 cm SK C/34 naval gun
1371:28 cm SK C/28 naval gun
996:8.8 cm Raketenwerfer 43
1026:30 cm Raketenwerfer 56
539:
430:Panzerabwehrwerfer 600
319:Design and development
260:Panzerabwehrwerfer 600
179:vertical sliding-block
1290:38 cm Siegfried K (E)
537:
356:Other uses and rounds
1417:3.7 cm Flak 18/36/37
659:German artillery of
342:8 cm Granatwerfer 34
266:) was a lightweight
232:520 m/s (1,706 ft/s)
228:Muzzle velocity
1407:2 cm Gebirgsflak 38
1386:40.6 cm SK C/34 gun
1204:35.5 cm Haubitze M1
1461:Demolition charges
1395:Anti-aircraft guns
1295:80 cm K (E) Gustav
1228:Railroad artillery
1219:80 cm K (E) Gustav
1209:42 cm Gamma Mörser
1098:10.5 cm leFH 18/40
540:
326:Rheinmetall-Borsig
84:Production history
1489:. Aldershot, 1949
1481:
1480:
1366:28 cm SK L/40 gun
1189:24 cm Kanone L/46
981:7.3 cm Föhn-Gerät
801:7.62 cm Pak 36(r)
766:4.7 cm Pak 181(f)
532:
531:
528:proof projectile
252:
251:
168:81.4 mm (3.20 in)
1527:
1412:3 cm MK 303 Flak
1270:28 cm lgBr K (E)
1265:28 cm kzBr K (E)
1260:24 cm ThBr K (E)
1103:10.5 cm sK 18/40
1093:10.5 cm leFH 18M
974:Rocket artillery
776:7.5 cm Pak 97/38
761:4.7 cm Pak 38(t)
690:3.7 cm KwK 38(t)
685:3,7 cm KwK 34(t)
653:
646:
639:
630:
583:
582:
580:
578:
572:fort-gerharda.pl
564:
439:
117:
33:
24:
19:
1535:
1534:
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1529:
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1526:
1525:
1524:
1515:81 mm artillery
1495:
1494:
1482:
1477:
1473:Stielgranate 42
1468:Stielgranate 41
1456:
1452:12.8 cm Flak 40
1447:10.5 cm Flak 38
1427:3.7 cm Flak M42
1390:
1304:Naval artillery
1299:
1280:28 cm Br NK (E)
1275:28 cm sBr K (E)
1223:
1157:
1088:10.5 cm leFH 18
1083:10.5 cm leFH 16
1047:7.5 cm FK 16 nA
1035:
1016:28/32 cm NbW 41
969:
928:
897:
876:Recoilless guns
871:
862:10.5 cm GebH 40
825:
734:
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586:
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426:
408:
389:
380:
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346:10.5 cm leFH 18
321:
286:
191:Hydro-pneumatic
158:
61:Service history
36:
22:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1533:
1531:
1523:
1522:
1517:
1512:
1507:
1497:
1496:
1491:
1490:
1485:Courage, Guy.
1479:
1478:
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1475:
1470:
1464:
1462:
1458:
1457:
1455:
1454:
1449:
1444:
1439:
1434:
1432:3.7 cm Flak 43
1429:
1424:
1422:3.7 cm SK C/30
1419:
1414:
1409:
1404:
1398:
1396:
1392:
1391:
1389:
1388:
1383:
1378:
1373:
1368:
1363:
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1323:
1318:
1313:
1307:
1305:
1301:
1300:
1298:
1297:
1292:
1287:
1282:
1277:
1272:
1267:
1262:
1257:
1255:24 cm Th K (E)
1252:
1250:21 cm K 12 (E)
1247:
1242:
1237:
1231:
1229:
1225:
1224:
1222:
1221:
1216:
1211:
1206:
1201:
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1120:
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1110:
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1100:
1095:
1090:
1085:
1080:
1075:
1068:
1065:7.5 cm FK 7M85
1061:
1054:
1049:
1043:
1041:
1037:
1036:
1034:
1033:
1028:
1023:
1018:
1013:
1008:
1003:
1001:15 cm Do-Gerät
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993:
988:
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962:
957:
952:
947:
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921:
919:kz 8 cm GrW 42
916:
911:
905:
903:
899:
898:
896:
895:
890:
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869:
864:
859:
857:7.5 cm GebG 36
854:
852:7.5 cm GebH 34
849:
844:
839:
837:7.5 cm leIG 18
833:
831:
827:
826:
824:
823:
821:12.8 cm Pak 44
818:
816:10 cm PAW 1000
813:
808:
803:
798:
793:
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783:
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773:
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763:
758:
753:
748:
746:2.8 cm sPzB 41
742:
740:
739:Anti-tank guns
736:
735:
733:
732:
730:12.8 cm KwK 44
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493:armor-piercing
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468:
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462:
460:high explosive
457:
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404:
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367:anti-tank guns
357:
354:
320:
317:
285:
282:
270:that used the
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126:Specifications
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10:
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1377:
1374:
1372:
1369:
1367:
1364:
1362:
1359:
1357:
1354:
1352:
1351:15 cm SK C/28
1349:
1347:
1346:15 cm SK C/25
1344:
1342:
1341:15 cm SK L/45
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1314:
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1309:
1308:
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1302:
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1286:
1285:28 cm K 5 (E)
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1281:
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1273:
1271:
1268:
1266:
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1245:20.3 cm K (E)
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1241:
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1141:
1139:
1138:15 cm SK C/28
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1134:
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1060:
1059:
1055:
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1050:
1048:
1045:
1044:
1042:
1038:
1032:
1031:Wurfrahmen 40
1029:
1027:
1024:
1022:
1019:
1017:
1014:
1012:
1009:
1007:
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1002:
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987:
984:
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972:
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941:
938:
937:
935:
933:Heavy mortars
931:
925:
922:
920:
917:
915:
912:
910:
909:5 cm leGrW 36
907:
906:
904:
900:
894:
893:10.5 cm LG 42
891:
889:
888:10.5 cm LG 40
886:
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848:
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835:
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828:
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812:
811:8.8 cm Pak 43
809:
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799:
797:
796:7.5 cm Pak 42
794:
792:
791:7.5 cm Pak 41
789:
787:
786:7.5 cm Pak 40
784:
782:
781:7.5 cm Pak 39
779:
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769:
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764:
762:
759:
757:
756:4.2 cm Pak 41
754:
752:
751:3.7 cm Pak 36
749:
747:
744:
743:
741:
737:
731:
728:
726:
725:8.8 cm KwK 43
723:
721:
720:8.8 cm KwK 36
718:
716:
715:7.5 cm KwK 42
713:
711:
710:7.5 cm KwK 40
708:
706:
705:7.5 cm KwK 37
703:
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681:
680:3.7 cm KwK 36
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624:1-85367-480-X
621:
617:
614:Hogg, Ian V.
613:
611:
610:0-7643-2096-3
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600:0-385-15090-3
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477:
476:hollow charge
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406:Use in combat
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335:
334:shaped charge
330:
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318:
316:
313:
312:
311:Panzerschreck
307:
303:
302:7.5 cm PaK 40
299:
295:
294:3.7 cm PaK 36
291:
288:By 1943, the
283:
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269:
268:anti-tank gun
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68:
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46:
45:Anti-tank gun
43:
39:
32:
27:
20:
16:Anti-tank gun
1492:
1486:
1437:5 cm Flak 41
1199:28 cm H L/12
1153:21 cm Mrs 18
1148:21 cm Mrs 16
1118:15 cm sFH 36
1113:15 cm sFH 18
1108:15 cm sFH 13
1070:
1063:
1058:7.5 cm FK 38
1056:
1052:7.5 cm FK 18
1021:30 cm NbW 42
1011:21 cm NbW 42
1006:15 cm NbW 41
960:21 cm GrW 69
955:20 cm leLdgW
950:12 cm GrW 42
945:10 cm NbW 40
940:10 cm NbW 35
924:Reihenwerfer
883:7.5 cm LG 40
867:15 cm sIG 33
847:7.5 cm IG 42
842:7.5 cm IG 37
806:8 cm PAW 600
805:
661:World War II
615:
591:
575:. Retrieved
571:
562:
546:
434:
429:
427:
424:Nomenclature
419:
416:
409:
394:
390:
381:
359:
350:
331:
322:
309:
305:
287:
275:
263:
259:
255:
253:
142: length
78:World War II
69:Nazi Germany
66:Used by
55:Nazi Germany
1240:17 cm K (E)
1235:15 cm K (E)
1184:24 cm K (t)
1078:10 cm sK 18
914:8 cm GrW 34
771:5 cm Pak 38
700:5 cm KwK 39
695:5 cm KwK 38
675:2 cm KwK 30
484:incendiary
451:Shell type
445:Shell type
306:Panzerjager
298:5 cm PaK 38
290:German army
212:-6° to +32°
201:Split trail
118: built
93:Rheinmetall
1499:Categories
1214:Karl-Gerät
1179:24 cm H 39
1174:21 cm K 39
1169:21 cm K 38
1143:17 cm K 18
1133:15 cm K 39
1128:15 cm K 18
1123:15 cm K 16
1072:10 cm K 17
554:References
543:In museums
478:anti-tank
378:Production
348:howitzer.
338:smoothbore
284:Background
1194:24 cm K 3
668:Tank guns
514:practice
277:Wehrmacht
208:Elevation
102:1943–1944
500:leaflet
218:Traverse
197:Carriage
107:Produced
99:Designed
89:Designer
902:Mortars
538:PAW 600
256:PAW 600
164:Caliber
622:
608:
598:
577:20 May
522:smoke
186:Recoil
174:Breech
140:Barrel
400:10H64
396:Krupp
362:smoke
620:ISBN
606:ISBN
596:ISBN
579:2020
467:gas
428:The
264:8H63
254:The
150:Crew
131:Mass
74:Wars
41:Type
525:10
222:55°
121:260
116:No.
1501::
570:.
519:5
511:9
505:4
497:8
489:3
481:7
472:2
464:6
456:1
448:#
442:#
652:e
645:t
638:v
581:.
258:(
153:6
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