511:
19:
107:
and the only one with substantial
Italian participation. Germany and Italy had only been united under a single crown since 951. The events of 983 suggest that Otto II's policy was to unify the German and Italian kingdoms into a single empire. The election of Otto III assured stability during Otto
130:, attempted to usurp the kingship, but the German magnates recognized Otto. There is likewise little to indicate that Otto was widely recognized as king in Italy during his minority in Germany. Despite Otto II's death, Otto III remained only a king until his
80:). Although its main purpose was the election of Otto III as co-ruler, the diet dealt with other matters as well. The magnates promised troops for Otto II to renew the campaign in southern Italy. They also selected new dukes of
64:
that elected Otto III came from the princes: "all our princes came sorrowfully together after receiving the evil tidings and unanimously demanded to see ." The "evil tidings" concerned Otto II's defeat at the
499:
69:
in July 982. Otto's itinerary between his defeat at
Crotone and the diet at Verona is poorly known. It has been argued that he returned to Germany and held a preliminary diet in
515:
477:
866:
76:
The diet of Verona was attended by magnates from both
Germany and northern Italy. In the words of Thietmar, "the emperor's son was elected lord by all" (
492:
123:
in a joint German–Italian ceremony. Otto II had died in Italy on 7 December, but his death was not known in Aachen at the time of the coronation.
851:
871:
485:
131:
38:
89:
685:
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120:
861:
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Otto II sent Otto III to
Germany for his coronation, while he remained in Italy. Otto III was consecrated and crowned at
615:
73:
in
February–March 983 in preparation for the major diet at Verona, but scholars do not universally accept this theory.
700:
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Otto III became the first German king who was a minor. His election also represented the continuation of the
18:
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MĂĽller-Mertens, Eckhard (1999). "The
Ottonians as Kings and Emperors". In Reuter, Timothy (ed.).
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The election of 983 was not wholly undisputed. In 984, Otto III's uncle,
42:
439:
Uhlirz, Mathilde (1950). "Der FĂĽrstentag zu Mainz im
Februar–März 983".
384:. Translated by Phyllis G. Jestice. Pennsylvania State University Press.
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50:
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61:
34:
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Mitteilungen des
Instituts fĂĽr Ă–sterreichische Geschichtsforschung
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103:. It was the only election held in Italy in the history of the
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405:. Pennsylvania State University Press. pp. vii–viii.
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422:.1024. Cambridge University Press. pp. 233–266.
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was elected to co-rule in the kingdoms of Italy and
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Heart of Europe: A History of the Holy Roman Empire
401:Jestice, Phyllis G. (2003). "Translator's Note".
78:filius inperatoris ab omnibus in dominum eligitur
260:
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432:Germany in the Early Middle Ages, c. 800–1056
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108:II's projected long absence from Germany.
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7:
867:Elections in the Holy Roman Empire
412:The New Cambridge Medieval History
115:on 25 December 983 by Archbishops
99:, established by his grandfather,
14:
229:, pp. 30 and 154 n6, citing
22:Coronation of Otto III, from the
509:
162:, pp. 345–346, dates it to
472:. Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press.
394:Early Medieval Europe, 300–1000
1:
852:980s in the Holy Roman Empire
49:with his father, the Emperor
872:Otto III, Holy Roman Emperor
33:took place on 27 May 983 in
453:10.7767/miog.1950.58.jg.267
888:
526:
60:, the initiative for the
857:10th-century elections
468:Wilson, Peter (2016).
396:. Macmillan Education.
166:and places it in June.
26:
128:Henry the Quarrelsome
58:Thietmar of Merseburg
41:. The three-year-old
21:
862:Elections in Germany
362:, pp. 268–269.
338:, pp. 409–410.
261:MĂĽller-Mertens 1999
132:imperial coronation
434:. London: Longman.
27:
24:Bamberg Apocalypse
834:
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520:Holy Roman Empire
121:John X of Ravenna
117:Willigis of Mainz
105:Holy Roman Empire
67:battle of Crotone
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97:Ottonian dynasty
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225:argues for it.
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185:
183:, p. vii.
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136:Pope Gregory V
31:royal election
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62:imperial diet
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56:According to
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469:
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370:Bibliography
355:
343:
336:Collins 1999
321:Althoff 2003
316:
292:Althoff 2003
268:
227:Althoff 2003
218:
211:Althoff 2003
181:Jestice 2003
156:Jestice 2003
154:Date as per
150:
125:
110:
94:
77:
75:
55:
28:
15:
701:1349 (June)
636:1237 Vienna
360:Reuter 1991
348:Wilson 2016
309:Reuter 1991
273:Uhlirz 1950
246:Reuter 1991
223:Uhlirz 1950
196:Wilson 2016
160:Wilson 2016
841:Categories
726:1410 (Oct)
721:1410 (Sep)
716:1400 (Aug)
711:1400 (May)
621:1198 (Jun)
616:1198 (Mar)
516:Elections
461:164040296
392:(1999) .
380:(2003) .
430:(1991).
403:Otto III
382:Otto III
43:Otto III
518:in the
418:.900 –
164:Whitsun
82:Bavaria
51:Otto II
47:Germany
37:in the
611:(1198)
459:
113:Aachen
101:Otto I
90:Otto I
86:Swabia
35:Verona
457:S2CID
142:Notes
71:Mainz
826:1792
821:1790
816:1764
811:1745
806:1742
801:1711
796:1690
791:1658
786:1653
781:1636
776:1619
771:1612
766:1575
761:1562
756:1531
751:1519
746:1486
741:1440
736:1438
731:1411
706:1376
691:1346
676:1308
671:1298
666:1292
661:1273
656:1257
651:1252
646:1247
641:1246
631:1220
626:1208
606:1196
601:1169
596:1152
591:1147
586:1138
581:1127
576:1125
571:1098
566:1081
561:1077
556:1075
551:1051
546:1028
541:1024
536:1002
119:and
84:and
847:983
531:983
449:doi
134:by
843::
455:.
445:58
443:.
328:^
299:^
280:^
253:^
238:^
203:^
188:^
171:^
53:.
29:A
501:e
494:t
487:v
463:.
451::
420:c
416:c
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