Knowledge (XXG)

9th century in England

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953:: The West Saxons, led by Æthelred I and Alfred, gather on the Berkshire Downs. The Vikings under the command of Halfdan and Bagsecg occupy the high ground, but are successfully attacked by Alfred's men. During the battle Alfred breaches the 2167: 1892: 1897: 1040:(modern-day London) and overwinter here. Viking armies go on to colonize areas of north, central and eastern England, later becoming known as the 2133: 2035: 1976: 1875: 2067: 1410: 2292: 1936: 1746: 1555: 2287: 2190: 2153: 2160: 927: 736: 715: 657: 2223: 2218: 2213: 2208: 1236: 697: 693: 649: 557: 486: 296: 117: 1845: 740: 701: 1562:
just over the Welsh border. The Vikings escape with heavy losses and take their families to safety in East Anglia.
1569:, after a rapid march from East Anglia. Alfred the Great destroys their food supplies, forcing them to move into 1067: 939: 797: 1762: 1283: 968:; the Vikings, led by Halfdan, are victorious; Æthelred is forced to flee and regroup, leaving behind precious 482: 256: 54: 1395: 882: 2266: 1499: 1148: 923: 454: 113: 682:
and she is crowned queen of Wessex. He returns to Wessex but Æthelbald retains rule of part of the kingdom.
2256: 2251: 2246: 2241: 1503: 1349: 1213: 1059: 842: 793: 789: 755: 357: 37: 979:: The West Saxons, led by Æthelred I and Alfred, are defeated by the Vikings under Halfdan, perhaps near 1806: 1470: 1144: 361: 976: 1315:
in Wiltshire: Alfred defeats the Vikings and besieges them at Chippenham. They capitulate and, by the
1992: 1547: 1264: 988: 645: 613: 606: 532: 476: 234: 216: 191: 75: 321:
is killed in battle while attempting to suppress a rebellion by the East Angles and is succeeded by
2233: 2182: 318: 238: 79: 62: 1432: 1312: 1221: 1098: 1082: 1055: 1037: 1025: 935: 904: 900: 871: 834: 747: 675: 540: 500: 385: 252: 187: 163: 2145: 2129: 2071: 2031: 1972: 1932: 1871: 1742: 1428: 1406: 1316: 1217: 1174: 1152: 1106: 1006: 980: 950: 857: 811: 771: 272: 264: 2125: 2118: 1902: 1787: 1637: 1491: 1487: 1279: 1250: 1071: 999: 995: 961: 931: 627: 553: 472: 374: 339: 335: 322: 260: 1438:
Approximate date – Alfred begins to commission and undertake a series of translations into
1324: 1305: 1272: 1199: 896: 719: 661: 514: 441: 304: 300: 268: 183:, Archbishop of Canterbury, submits to Coenwulf of Mercia in a dispute over Church lands. 1824: 1009:: Alfred the Great is defeated by the Vikings at Wilton (along the southern side of the 1526: 1443: 589: 582: 2281: 2200: 1448: 1840: 1538: 1534: 1424: 1366: 1291: 1131: 1102: 1029: 846: 536: 1913: 93: 1439: 1328: 1188: 1166: 1010: 954: 919:. Of two of them the place and date are not recorded, the others are given here: 518: 194:, probably while preparing a campaign against the Welsh. Succession is disputed. 1906: 1613: 1559: 1370: 1268: 1090: 1018: 1002:; while Alfred is making the funeral preparations, his army is again defeated. 965: 823: 1609: 407: 279: 149: 145: 1271:, and take control of much of Wessex, forcing Alfred to take refuge in the 356:, driving Wiglaf from his throne there, and receives the submission of the 2092: 1507: 1399: 1298: 1184: 1180: 1170: 1110: 1014: 984: 911:, march out after the Saxons. Six pitched battles are fought between the 878: 850: 819: 679: 458: 424: 131: 994:
23 April – King Æthelred of Wessex dies and is succeeded by his brother
120:. In 808 Eardwulf perhaps returns to the throne for an uncertain period. 1566: 1518: 1495: 1463: 1435:, makes the first ceremonial visit to an English court, that of Alfred. 1374: 1365:
Alfred signs a treaty with Guthrum, granting the territory between the
1320: 1304:
c.4–6 May – Alfred assembles troops at 'Egbert's Stone' on the edge of
1232: 1195: 1094: 1086: 1041: 964:: The West Saxon army, under the command of Æthelred I, is defeated at 943: 912: 908: 714:
20 December – Æthelbald dies and is succeeded by his brother, sub-king
602: 565: 437: 400: 380: 220: 219:
is consecrated as successor to his brother King Coenwulf by Archbishop
205: 180: 100: 19: 2093:"History: The Abbey Church of St Mary and St Edward, King and Martyr" 1551: 1511: 1228: 1127: 1075: 1033: 969: 916: 815: 653: 561: 353: 58: 41: 338:
becomes King of Mercia for the first time following the killing of
1820: 1576: 1570: 1537:
while the army is out raiding and Hastein is forced to retreat to
1530: 1381: 1335: 1155:
into exile and taken control of the north and east of the kingdom.
674:
1 October – King Æthelwulf marries as his second wife the teenage
209: 167: 1522: 1287: 1126:
Autumn – Vikings return to Mercia, taking up winter quarters at
1063: 1013:), and is forced to makes peace with them, probably paying them 838: 827: 775: 631: 578: 2149: 1636:
26 October – King Alfred of Wessex dies; succeeded by his son,
788:
21 March – Vikings defeat Northumbrians, killing their kings
1409:
is founded as a convent by Alfred who installs his daughter
1384:
hornblower begins, continuing for at least a thousand years.
1290:
on the south coast of the Bristol Channel and capture their
588:
Vikings over-winter in England for the first time, on the
1352:
where he will rule under his baptismal name of Æthelstan.
856:
20 November – Vikings conquer East Anglia, killing King
457:: Ecgberht of Wessex defeats combined Danish Viking and 1565:
Autumn – Danish Vikings under Hastein take the city of
942:. The Saxon troops are forced to retreat, allowing the 307:, which Æthelwulf then rules as sub-king to his father. 1169:, which is being invaded by Vikings, with the body of 585:
in the first recorded naval battle in English history.
499:
Vikings raid the south and east coasts, including the
1462:
Danish Vikings invade again, under the leadership of
1253:, Prince of Gwynedd, and his son (or brother) Gwriad. 644:
King Æthelwulf, accompanied by Alfred, sets off on a
204:
Mercian army under Ceolwulf destroys the fortress of
1235:
and they are driven out by Alfred and settle in the
259:, defeats the Mercians under Beornwulf, and subdues 2232: 2199: 2181: 1231:but their supply fleet is destroyed in a storm off 2117: 1147:becomes ruler of Mercia after Vikings have sacked 1074:, are expelled by the Northumbrians and flee to 926:: A West Saxon force, under the command of King 796:, in battle at York and install a puppet ruler, 1398:, Archbishop of Canterbury. He is succeeded by 1202:but are forced out following a siege by Alfred. 881:, Archbishop of Canterbury. He is succeeded by 1931:. Newbury: Countryside Books. pp. 14–15. 1286:, prevent an attempted siege by Vikings under 531:Approximate date of Battle of Cetyll in which 2161: 8: 2176:Timelines of early English history (to 927) 475:dies and is succeeded, probably in 840, by 2168: 2154: 2146: 1502:by London. At the same time, Vikings from 278:A fight of Welsh/Britons and Devon-men at 1608:Alfred blockades the Viking fleet at the 849:. The Vikings take up winter quarters at 2095:. Shaftesbury Abbey Museum & Gardens 1327:, and retreats in the first instance to 1249:Approximate date – Saxons invaders kill 352:Ecgberht of Wessex temporarily conquers 2026:Williams, Gareth; Naylor, John (2016). 1898:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 1741:. London: Century Ltd. pp. 38–42. 1737:Palmer, Alan; Palmer, Veronica (1992). 1652: 1597:Viking forces reach the Thames estuary. 1123:Spring – Vikings return to Northumbria. 938:. Among the many dead on both sides is 116:is deposed and apparently succeeded by 2111: 2109: 2021: 2019: 2017: 2015: 2013: 1732: 1730: 1728: 1726: 1724: 1722: 1720: 1718: 1716: 1714: 1712: 1710: 1708: 1706: 1704: 1702: 1700: 1698: 1696: 1694: 1692: 1690: 1688: 1686: 1684: 1682: 1680: 1678: 1676: 1187:, drowns in what is thought to be the 946:to continue their advance into Wessex. 342:on a campaign against the East Angles. 1962: 1960: 1958: 1956: 1954: 1952: 1950: 1948: 1893:"Edmund [St Edmund] (d. 869)" 1801: 1799: 1797: 1674: 1672: 1670: 1668: 1666: 1664: 1662: 1660: 1658: 1656: 1494:, defeats invading Danish Vikings at 1338:acknowledge Alfred as their overlord. 1297:Easter – Alfred constructs a fort at 7: 1782: 1780: 1778: 1776: 1774: 1772: 1498:, and forces them to take refuge on 1442:, beginning with his own version of 1301:, and holds out against the Vikings. 299:, son of Ecgberht of Wessex, drives 1969:The Viking Wars of Alfred the Great 1868:The Viking Wars of Alfred the Great 1373:to the Vikings; later known as the 722:, who becomes sole ruler of Wessex. 485:, dies and is succeeded by his son 1198:invade Alfred's territory, taking 14: 1739:The Chronology of British History 1362:Alfred restores London to Mercia. 1017:, and establishes his capital at 903:, led by the Danish Viking kings 2070:. VisitRipon.org. Archived from 1585:Vita Ælfredi regis Angul Saxonum 1533:); this camp is captured by the 934:, is defeated by the Vikings at 2120:Historical Atlas of the Vikings 1024:Autumn – Vikings withdraw from 837:, led by Ivar the Boneless and 704:and marries his father's widow. 413:30 August – death of Feologild. 144:Saxons invade the mountains of 1841:"Aethelberht - king of Wessex" 1556:Æthelred, Lord of the Mercians 754:) of Viking invaders lands in 241:, whose pedigree is not known. 1: 1062:, to put down a rebellion at 895:The English retreat onto the 826:on horseback, and returns to 626:King Æthelwulf sends his son 255:(on the North Wessex Downs): 2050:Phillimore, Egerton (1888). 1914:UK public library membership 648:and appoints his second son 427:as Archbishop of Canterbury. 423:27 August – consecration of 410:as Archbishop of Canterbury. 103:as Archbishop of Canterbury. 1997:Wiltshire Community History 1901:. Oxford University Press. 1517:A Danish Viking army under 403:, Archbishop of Canterbury. 130:Ecgberht of Wessex harries 99:3 August – enthronement of 96:, Archbishop of Canterbury. 2309: 2068:"Customs & Traditions" 1971:. Yardley, PA: Westholme. 1891:Gransden, Antonia (2004). 1626:Viking army leaves Wessex. 1558:besieges a Viking camp at 770:November – Vikings led by 80:Archbishopric of Lichfield 2293:British history timelines 1212:Vikings capture southern 1068:Ecgberht I of Northumbria 983:. Among the many dead is 581:ships defeat Vikings off 406:9 June – consecration of 237:is overthrown as king by 1927:Philips, Daphne (1980). 1763:De primo Saxonum adventu 1284:Odda, Ealdorman of Devon 1183:, last recorded King of 998:. Æthelred is buried at 814:, 'make peace' with the 656:and his next eldest son 483:Ecgberht, King of Wessex 257:Ecgberht, King of Wessex 190:dies at Basingwerk near 1846:Encyclopædia Britannica 1826:The Life of King Alfred 1581:The Life of King Alfred 1550:: A combined Welsh and 1282:: Men of Wessex led by 612:Probable death of King 455:Battle of Hingston Down 114:Eardwulf of Northumbria 61:following the death of 2288:9th century in England 2116:Haywood, John (1995). 940:Æthelwulf of Berkshire 877:4 February – death of 843:Kingdom of East Anglia 630:to the papal court in 2030:. Oxford: Ashmolean. 1907:10.1093/ref:odnb/8500 1807:Anglo-Saxon Chronicle 1612:; Vikings retreat to 1471:Anglo-Saxon Chronicle 1348:Guthrum relocates to 1331:in south west Mercia. 513:Vikings raid London, 208:and takes control of 2124:. Penguin. pp.  1929:The Story of Reading 1579:of Sherborne writes 1548:Battle of Buttington 1334:Princes of southern 1265:Battle of Chippenham 1081:The Vikings, led by 1070:and his archbishop, 735:Æthelberht dies and 696:succeeds his father 614:Beorhtwulf of Mercia 607:Bishop of Winchester 533:Beorhtwulf of Mercia 399:24 March – death of 235:Ceolwulf I of Mercia 217:Ceolwulf I of Mercia 192:Holywell, Flintshire 76:Council of Clofeshoh 2234:Anglo-Saxon England 2183:Prehistoric Britain 2028:King Alfred's Coins 1999:. Wiltshire Council 1967:Hill, Paul (2009). 1866:Hill, Paul (2009). 1394:30 June – death of 558:Æthelwulf of Wessex 377:resumes his throne. 319:Beornwulf of Mercia 148:and the kingdom of 1510:coast and besiege 1490:, the son of King 1313:Battle of Edington 1267:; Vikings capture 1222:Halfdan Ragnarsson 1099:Kingdom of Lindsey 1083:Halfdan Ragnarsson 1056:Great Heathen Army 1028:and sail down the 905:Halfdan Ragnarsson 901:Great Heathen Army 835:Great Heathen Army 748:Great Heathen Army 676:Judith of Flanders 646:pilgrimage to Rome 501:Kingdom of Lindsey 386:Historia Brittonum 282:in the south-west. 253:Battle of Ellendun 188:Coenwulf of Mercia 164:Coenwulf of Mercia 92:12 May – death of 2275: 2274: 2135:978-0-140-51328-8 2037:978-1-910807-13-2 1978:978-1-59416-087-5 1912:(subscription or 1877:978-1-59416-087-5 1870:. pp. 32–6. 1429:Anarawd ap Rhodri 1407:Shaftesbury Abbey 1380:Tradition of the 1317:Treaty of Wedmore 1175:Chester-le-Street 1153:Burgred of Mercia 1107:Burgred of Mercia 981:Wilton, Wiltshire 977:Battle of Meretum 951:Battle of Ashdown 924:Battle of Reading 858:Edmund the Martyr 812:Ivar the Boneless 772:Ivar the Boneless 317:After 27 March – 273:Mercian Supremacy 2300: 2170: 2163: 2156: 2147: 2140: 2139: 2123: 2113: 2104: 2103: 2101: 2100: 2089: 2083: 2082: 2080: 2079: 2064: 2058: 2048: 2042: 2041: 2023: 2008: 2007: 2005: 2004: 1989: 1983: 1982: 1964: 1943: 1942: 1924: 1918: 1917: 1910: 1888: 1882: 1881: 1863: 1857: 1856: 1854: 1853: 1837: 1831: 1830: 1817: 1811: 1810:. Date adjusted. 1803: 1792: 1788:Annales Cambriae 1784: 1767: 1759: 1753: 1752: 1734: 1638:Edward the Elder 1506:sail around the 1492:Alfred the Great 1413:as first abbess. 1405:Probable date – 1323:as Æthelstan at 1280:Battle of Cynwit 1251:Rhodri the Great 1227:Vikings capture 1220:, perhaps under 1216:, and found the 1173:, and settle at 1109:pays tribute of 1072:Wulfhere of York 1007:Battle of Wilton 1000:Wimborne Minster 996:Alfred the Great 962:Battle of Basing 930:and his brother 870:Vikings capture 660:as ruler of the 473:Wiglaf of Mercia 375:Wiglaf of Mercia 57:becomes King of 16:Events from the 2308: 2307: 2303: 2302: 2301: 2299: 2298: 2297: 2278: 2277: 2276: 2271: 2228: 2195: 2177: 2174: 2144: 2143: 2136: 2115: 2114: 2107: 2098: 2096: 2091: 2090: 2086: 2077: 2075: 2066: 2065: 2061: 2049: 2045: 2038: 2025: 2024: 2011: 2002: 2000: 1991: 1990: 1986: 1979: 1966: 1965: 1946: 1939: 1926: 1925: 1921: 1911: 1890: 1889: 1885: 1878: 1865: 1864: 1860: 1851: 1849: 1839: 1838: 1834: 1819: 1818: 1814: 1804: 1795: 1785: 1770: 1760: 1756: 1749: 1736: 1735: 1654: 1649: 1474:first compiled. 1325:Aller, Somerset 1306:Salisbury Plain 1273:Somerset Levels 1218:Kingdom of York 1194:Vikings led by 897:Berkshire Downs 822:). Ivar leaves 818:(by accepting 810:Vikings led by 664:in his absence. 662:Kingdom of Kent 541:King of Gwynedd 305:Kingdom of Kent 233:After 26 May – 215:17 September – 29: 18:9th century in 12: 11: 5: 2306: 2304: 2296: 2295: 2290: 2280: 2279: 2273: 2272: 2270: 2269: 2264: 2259: 2254: 2249: 2244: 2238: 2236: 2230: 2229: 2227: 2226: 2221: 2216: 2211: 2205: 2203: 2197: 2196: 2194: 2193: 2187: 2185: 2179: 2178: 2175: 2173: 2172: 2165: 2158: 2150: 2142: 2141: 2134: 2105: 2084: 2059: 2043: 2036: 2009: 1984: 1977: 1944: 1937: 1919: 1883: 1876: 1858: 1832: 1812: 1793: 1768: 1754: 1747: 1651: 1650: 1648: 1645: 1644: 1643: 1642: 1641: 1629: 1628: 1627: 1619: 1618: 1617: 1600: 1599: 1598: 1590: 1589: 1588: 1574: 1563: 1544: 1543: 1542: 1515: 1500:Thorney Island 1477: 1476: 1475: 1467: 1455: 1454: 1453: 1444:Pope Gregory I 1436: 1416: 1415: 1414: 1403: 1387: 1386: 1385: 1378: 1363: 1355: 1354: 1353: 1341: 1340: 1339: 1332: 1309: 1302: 1295: 1276: 1256: 1255: 1254: 1242: 1241: 1240: 1225: 1205: 1204: 1203: 1192: 1178: 1171:Saint Cuthbert 1158: 1157: 1156: 1137: 1136: 1135: 1124: 1116: 1115: 1114: 1091:winter quarter 1089:, establish a 1079: 1047: 1046: 1045: 1022: 1003: 992: 973: 958: 947: 920: 888: 887: 886: 875: 863: 862: 861: 854: 841:, invades the 831: 803: 802: 801: 781: 780: 779: 763: 762: 761: 760: 759: 744: 741:King of Wessex 725: 724: 723: 707: 706: 705: 702:King of Wessex 685: 684: 683: 667: 666: 665: 637: 636: 635: 619: 618: 617: 610: 595: 594: 593: 590:Isle of Thanet 586: 571: 570: 569: 546: 545: 544: 524: 523: 522: 506: 505: 504: 492: 491: 490: 480: 464: 463: 462: 447: 446: 445: 430: 429: 428: 416: 415: 414: 411: 404: 392: 391: 390: 383:completes his 378: 367: 366: 365: 345: 344: 343: 328: 327: 326: 310: 309: 308: 285: 284: 283: 276: 244: 243: 242: 226: 225: 224: 223:of Canterbury. 213: 197: 196: 195: 184: 173: 172: 171: 155: 154: 153: 137: 136: 135: 123: 122: 121: 106: 105: 104: 97: 85: 84: 83: 78:abolishes the 68: 67: 66: 47: 46: 45: 28: 25: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 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1707: 1705: 1703: 1701: 1699: 1697: 1695: 1693: 1691: 1689: 1687: 1685: 1683: 1681: 1679: 1677: 1675: 1673: 1671: 1669: 1667: 1665: 1663: 1661: 1659: 1657: 1653: 1646: 1639: 1635: 1634: 1633: 1630: 1625: 1624: 1623: 1620: 1615: 1611: 1607: 1606: 1604: 1601: 1596: 1595: 1594: 1591: 1586: 1582: 1578: 1575: 1572: 1568: 1564: 1561: 1557: 1553: 1549: 1545: 1540: 1536: 1532: 1528: 1524: 1520: 1516: 1513: 1509: 1505: 1501: 1497: 1493: 1489: 1486: 1485: 1483: 1482: 1481: 1478: 1473: 1472: 1468: 1465: 1461: 1460: 1459: 1456: 1451: 1450: 1449:Pastoral Care 1445: 1441: 1437: 1434: 1430: 1426: 1422: 1421: 1420: 1417: 1412: 1408: 1404: 1401: 1397: 1393: 1392: 1391: 1388: 1383: 1379: 1376: 1372: 1368: 1364: 1361: 1360: 1359: 1356: 1351: 1347: 1346: 1345: 1342: 1337: 1333: 1330: 1326: 1322: 1319:, Guthrum is 1318: 1314: 1310: 1307: 1303: 1300: 1296: 1293: 1289: 1285: 1281: 1277: 1274: 1270: 1266: 1262: 1261: 1260: 1257: 1252: 1248: 1247: 1246: 1243: 1238: 1237:Five Boroughs 1234: 1230: 1226: 1223: 1219: 1215: 1211: 1210: 1209: 1206: 1201: 1197: 1193: 1190: 1186: 1182: 1179: 1176: 1172: 1168: 1164: 1163: 1162: 1159: 1154: 1150: 1146: 1143: 1142: 1141: 1138: 1134:is abandoned. 1133: 1129: 1125: 1122: 1121: 1120: 1117: 1112: 1108: 1104: 1100: 1096: 1092: 1088: 1084: 1080: 1077: 1073: 1069: 1065: 1061: 1057: 1054:Autumn – The 1053: 1052: 1051: 1048: 1043: 1039: 1035: 1031: 1027: 1023: 1020: 1016: 1012: 1008: 1004: 1001: 997: 993: 990: 986: 982: 978: 974: 971: 967: 963: 960:22 January – 959: 956: 952: 948: 945: 941: 937: 933: 929: 925: 921: 918: 914: 910: 906: 902: 898: 894: 893: 892: 889: 884: 880: 876: 873: 869: 868: 867: 864: 859: 855: 852: 848: 845:and plunders 844: 840: 836: 833:Autumn – The 832: 829: 825: 821: 817: 813: 809: 808: 807: 804: 799: 795: 791: 787: 786: 785: 782: 777: 773: 769: 768: 767: 764: 757: 753: 749: 745: 742: 738: 734: 733: 731: 730: 729: 726: 721: 717: 713: 712: 711: 708: 703: 699: 695: 692:13 January – 691: 690: 689: 686: 681: 677: 673: 672: 671: 668: 663: 659: 655: 651: 647: 643: 642: 641: 638: 633: 629: 625: 624: 623: 620: 615: 611: 608: 604: 601: 600: 599: 596: 591: 587: 584: 580: 577: 576: 575: 572: 567: 564:, is born at 563: 559: 555: 552: 551: 550: 547: 542: 538: 534: 530: 529: 528: 525: 520: 516: 512: 511: 510: 507: 502: 498: 497: 496: 493: 488: 484: 481: 478: 474: 470: 469: 468: 465: 460: 456: 453: 452: 451: 448: 443: 439: 436: 435: 434: 431: 426: 422: 421: 420: 417: 412: 409: 405: 402: 398: 397: 396: 393: 388: 387: 382: 379: 376: 373: 372: 371: 368: 363: 359: 355: 351: 350: 349: 346: 341: 337: 334: 333: 332: 329: 324: 320: 316: 315: 314: 311: 306: 302: 298: 295: 294: 293: 289: 286: 281: 277: 274: 271:, ending the 270: 266: 262: 258: 254: 250: 249: 248: 245: 240: 236: 232: 231: 230: 227: 222: 218: 214: 211: 207: 203: 202: 201: 198: 193: 189: 185: 182: 179: 178: 177: 174: 169: 165: 161: 160: 159: 156: 151: 147: 143: 142: 141: 138: 133: 129: 128: 127: 124: 119: 115: 112: 111: 110: 107: 102: 98: 95: 91: 90: 89: 86: 81: 77: 74: 73: 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Index

England
Northumbrian
Mercia
Ecgberht
Wessex
Beorhtric
Council of Clofeshoh
Archbishopric of Lichfield
Æthelhard
Wulfred
Eardwulf of Northumbria
Ælfwald II
Cornwall
Eryri
Rhufoniog
Coenwulf of Mercia
Dyfed
Wulfred
Coenwulf of Mercia
Holywell, Flintshire
Degannwy
Powys
Ceolwulf I of Mercia
Wulfred
Ceolwulf I of Mercia
Beornwulf
Battle of Ellendun
Ecgberht, King of Wessex
Essex
Sussex

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