624:, the clothing having an imperial design with multicoloured decorations. The tunic itself is yellow. The textiles found on Acamarachi belong to a style known as "Catarpe", which is associated with Inca presence. Such clothing seems to be miniaturized versions of Inca clothing. This figurine has no plaque, unlike some other Inca figurines. A feather and a shawl are other accessories that have been found on the figurine. The function of such figurines is unknown, several theories have been proposed, such as representing deities. Another figurine representing a woman was also found there in 1971, in red miniature clothing with decorations too, as well as a red feather. This figure is made out of silver. Such dressed figurines have been found on other Andean summits, such as
224:
191:
152:
145:
534:, north of Acamarachi a silicic coulee was erupted on the saddle between Acamarachi and Colachi. This coulee has well preserved flow structures and covers 7 kilometres (4.3 mi). No evidence exists for activity in historical times and the lack of volcanic damage to archeological sites suggests that it was active during the last millennium. Renewed activity would most likely generate lava flows or lava domes; impact would be limited on the immediate surroundings of the volcano.
217:
184:
34:
463:
Acamarachi is a 6,046 metres (19,836 ft) high steep-sided conical volcano, like several other volcanoes in the region. Such a shape is due to the relatively high viscosity of the lavas forming them. In the case of
Acamarachi, the upper slopes reach a slope angle of 45°. On the volcano's northern
541:
underground. However, Colachi and
Acamarachi seem to have separate magmatic systems. They are both relatively low over the surrounding terrain which is about 4,800 metres (15,700 ft) high and is formed by raised ignimbrites.
451:. Thus, ignimbrites and individual volcanoes keep most of their original appearance. Most of these volcanoes are remote structures that are unlikely to affect significant population, although wind-driven transport of
723:
715:
569:
Acamarachi is known as an Inca mountain sanctuary, among at a minimum 15 other mountain sanctuaries known to have been used by the Inca. Other known sanctuaries are Cerro
Colorado, Cerro Lailay,
973:
607:
figurines representing individuals of various sexes have been found on
Acamarachi. The figurines found at Acamarachi may represent mid-level imperial officials, considering the simple
687:
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645:
561:
lie in the
Quebrada Ojos de Hécar and Quebrada Acamarachi, with several individual moraines between 4,500–5,000 metres (14,800–16,400 ft) elevation.
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and is probably due to the arid climate. In the past however the mountain was probably extensively glaciated, with glacier lobes forming at its foot and
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The volcano is located in the
Central Volcanic Zone, an area of volcanism in the Andes. Volcanism in this area is dependent on the
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or any perennial ice structures. Such lack of glaciation is also observed on other mountains in the neighbourhood such as
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93:
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The volcano is part of a northwest-bound alignment along with Rili, Colachi and
Yalquis-Putas, which may be linked to
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1571:"Fragmentos para armar un territorio. La textiler í a en Atacama durante los per í odos Intermedio Tardío y Tardío"
672:
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flank there is a large lava dome while the rest of the edifice is symmetrical. A 10–15 metres (33–49 ft) deep
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A study of lava flows at the summit concluded that
Acamarachi's last eruption may have occurred during the
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Zeil, Werner (December 1964). "Die
Verbreitung des jungen Vulkanismus in der Hochkordillere Nordchiles".
1934:
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326:. In this part of Chile, it is the highest volcano. Its name means "black moon". It is a volcano in the
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and may be kept ice-free by magmatic heat. As of 2021, it is considered the world's highest site of an
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921:(in Spanish). Universidad de Antofagasta, Instituto de Investigaciones Antropológicas. p. 150.
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1305:"Late Pleistocene climate conditions in the north Chilean Andes drawn from a climate–glacier model"
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601:. On its summit, four different ceremonial platforms are arranged in a cloverleaf conformation.
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1522:"El Camino del Inca en la cuenca superior del río Loa, desierto de Atacama, norte de Chile"
2177:
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2014:
1836:
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1168:(Report). Carta geológica de Chile: Serie Geología Ambiental (in Spanish). Vol. 17.
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on its northern side. While there is no indication of historical activity and the flank
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1994:
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1348:(in German). Verlag des Geographischen Institutes der Universität Bern. p. 59.
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Acamarachi is constructed by andesite and dacite. Rocks are porphyritic and contain
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1969:
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Inka Human
Sacrifice and Mountain Worship: Strategies for Empire Unification
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can potentially cause economic and other damage at considerable distance.
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Acamarachi itself is a cone-shaped volcano with steep upper flanks and a
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1387:"Vestigios arqueológicos incaicos en las cumbres de la zona atacameña"
2287:
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1999:
1959:
1939:
1904:
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The region in which Acamarachi is located was a southern part of the
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49:
1714:
1635:
Elemental Meanings: Symbolic Expression in Inka Miniature Figurines
1954:
1841:
608:
331:
323:
257:
168:
1161:
Amigo, Álvaro R.; Bertin, Daniel U.; Orozco, Gabriel L. (2012).
727:
719:
711:
621:
1718:
392:. Both of these figurines were found with miniature clothing.
974:"USGS EROS Archive - Digital Elevation - SRTM Coverage Maps"
2382:
Note: volcanoes are ordered by latitude from north to south
1664:
888:
Lee Siebert; Tom Simkin; Paul Kimberly (9 February 2011).
511:. The composition of Acamarachi's rocks resembles that of
1688:. Santiago, Chile: Instituto Geográfico Militar. 640 pp.
301:
14 March 1939 - Aldo Bonacossa and Remigio Gerard (Italy)
408:. 27 million years ago, in this area of the Andes large
1303:
Kull, Christoph; Grosjean, Martin (1 December 2000).
1236:
Quaternary Geology and Geomorphology of South America
688:
List of Andean peaks with known pre-Columbian ascents
1666:
The Andes: A Guide for Climbers and Skiers (5th ed.)
384:
have been found. One female figurine is made out of
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68:
58:
48:
43:
21:
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1206:Robins, Marc; Murphy-Lavoie, Heather M. (2022).
940:
938:
644:. Acamarachi's figurines are now exposed in the
894:. University of California Press. p. 188.
747:is 4,438 metres (14,560 ft), leading to a
1380:
1378:
1376:
1374:
1730:
1163:Peligros volcánicos de la Zona Norte de Chile
951:. Geological Society of London. p. 150.
8:
945:Teresa Moreno (Ph. D.); Wes Gibbons (2007).
646:R. P. Gustavo Le Paige Archaeological Museum
1461:
1459:
1422:
1420:
503:are also present, with smaller contents of
1737:
1723:
1715:
659:. A major Inca road passed by the town of
617:shell wore miniature clothing made out of
573:, Cerro Mullay, Cerro Toco, Cerro Quimal,
18:
1535:
1328:
318:) is a 6,046-metre (19,836 ft) high
1045:"Copernicus Space Component Data Access"
1669:. Andes Publishing (Scotland). 207 pp.
1641:. Institute of Latin American Studies.
1170:SERVICIO NACIONAL DE GEOLOGÍA Y MINERÍA
992:
990:
779:
751:of 1,608 metres (5,276 ft) with a
699:
1344:Jenny, Bettina; Kammer, Klaus (1996).
1122:
1120:
1118:
1116:
785:
783:
714:yields 6,024 metres (19,764 ft),
1346:Climate Change in den trockenen Anden
918:Mitos y creencias del mundo atacameño
891:Volcanoes of the World: Third Edition
826:
824:
822:
820:
818:
816:
814:
412:eruptions commenced and formed major
7:
1398:(in Spanish) (6): 40. Archived from
1071:"Andean Mountains - All above 5000m"
767:is 175.3 kilometres (108.9 mi).
636:, Cerro Las Tortolas, Cerro Gallan,
611:they wore. One figurine made out of
380:mountain sanctuary on which several
345:are old, some lava flows around the
428:eruptive activity has formed large
1586:10.22199/S07181043.2000.0020.00002
1537:10.22199/S07181043.1999.0018.00008
1233:Chalmers Moyes Clapperton (1993).
915:Roberto Lehnert Santander (2000).
730:5,971 metres (19,590 ft) and
223:
190:
151:
14:
870:Evelio Echevarría (1963). "AAJ".
173:Show map of Región de Antofagasta
530:is degraded. Possibly after the
365:in age. Acamarachi is formed by
222:
215:
189:
182:
150:
143:
38:Acamarachi viewed from the north
32:
2416:Volcanoes of Antofagasta Region
2401:Mountains of Antofagasta Region
1684:González-Ferrán, Oscar (1995).
726:6,024 metres (19,764 ft),
718:5,971 metres (19,590 ft),
683:List of Ultras of South America
1703:The Highest Lakes in the World
1608:Thomas Besom (15 April 2013).
734:6,050 metres (19,850 ft).
557:developing around the summit.
1:
526:on the flanks and the summit
54:6,046 m (19,836 ft)
2421:Six-thousanders of the Andes
1569:Agüero, Carolina P. (2000).
432:. This activity in the late
388:, a male one is made out of
64:1,608 m (5,276 ft)
1530:(in Spanish) (18): 89–106.
663:, not far from Acamarachi.
447:The climate of the area is
353:north of Acamarachi on the
2437:
1385:Le Paige, Gustavo (1978).
1330:10.3189/172756500781832611
1128:"Colachi & Acamarachi"
807:Synonyms & Subfeatures
743:The height of the nearest
673:List of volcanoes in Chile
2379:
1580:(in Spanish) (20): 7–28.
1239:. Elsevier. p. 126.
1214:. StatPearls Publishing.
545:Acamarachi does not have
305:
136:
75:San Pedro (Chile volcano)
31:
26:
2406:Stratovolcanoes of Chile
1520:Varela, Varinia (1999).
837:Global Volcanism Program
796:Global Volcanism Program
708:digital elevation models
440:has created the current
1136:Oregon State University
1132:volcano.oregonstate.edu
1002:ssl.jspacesystems.or.jp
842:Smithsonian Institution
801:Smithsonian Institution
753:topographical dominance
678:List of stratovolcanoes
376:Acamarachi features an
357:between Acamarachi and
2159:Southern Volcanic Zone
1945:Andagua volcanic field
1753:Northern Volcanic Zone
1043:TanDEM-X, TerraSAR-X.
749:topographic prominence
236:Acamarachi (Argentina)
2411:Volcanic crater lakes
2337:Austral Volcanic Zone
2263:Puyehue-Cordón Caulle
1935:Huambo volcanic field
1886:Central Volcanic Zone
1663:Biggar, John (2020).
1368:Besom 2013, pp. 11–12
1309:Journal of Glaciology
1262:Geologische Rundschau
765:Topographic isolation
522:. There are no young
328:Central Volcanic Zone
239:Show map of Argentina
1872:Licto volcanic field
1501:Dransart 1995, p. 47
1208:"Diving At Altitude"
998:"ASTER GDEM Project"
972:USGS, EROS Archive.
948:The Geology of Chile
650:San Pedro de Atacama
1578:Estudios Atacameños
1527:Estudios Atacameños
1510:Dransart 1995, p. 5
1483:Dransart 1995, p. 6
1444:Dransart 1995, p. 9
1395:Estudios Atacameños
1321:2000JGlac..46..622K
1274:1964GeoRu..53..731Z
1096:"Pili / Acamarachi"
1023:"ALOS GDEM Project"
112: /
2258:Carrán-Los Venados
2203:Nevados de Chillán
2188:Descabezado Grande
1708:2012-08-18 at the
1492:Besom 2013, p. 135
1474:Besom 2013, p. 197
1465:Agüero 2000, p. 21
1453:Agüero 2000, p. 10
1435:Besom 2013, p. 134
1426:Besom 2013, p. 193
1282:10.1007/BF02054561
396:Geological context
203:Acamarachi (Chile)
165:Antofagasta Region
44:Highest point
2388:
2387:
2198:Nevado de Longaví
2140:Cueros de Purulla
2120:Cordón del Azufre
1782:Nevado del Tolima
1686:Volcanes de Chile
1676:978-0-9536087-6-8
1648:978-1-900039-00-0
1621:978-0-8263-5308-5
1595:on 13 August 2016
1405:on 13 August 2016
1246:978-0-444-88247-9
1100:Andes Specialists
1075:Andes Specialists
958:978-1-86239-220-5
901:978-0-520-94793-1
559:Terminal moraines
406:Peru-Chile Trench
309:
308:
206:Show map of Chile
116:23.300°S 67.617°W
16:Mountain in Chile
2428:
2383:
2253:Mocho-Choshuenco
1787:Nevado del Huila
1746:Andean volcanoes
1739:
1732:
1725:
1716:
1699:
1680:
1652:
1640:
1625:
1604:
1602:
1600:
1594:
1588:. Archived from
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1552:
1539:
1517:
1511:
1508:
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1187:on June 29, 2021
1186:
1180:. Archived from
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1111:
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1092:
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1051:on 12 April 2020
1047:. Archived from
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994:
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855:Pietro Meciani.
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706:Other data from
704:
634:Cerro Mercedario
581:, Laguna Verde,
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121:-23.300; -67.617
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2150:Ojos del Salado
2080:Aguas Calientes
1887:
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1777:Nevado del Ruiz
1754:
1748:
1743:
1710:Wayback Machine
1696:
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1657:Further reading
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474:underwater dive
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430:stratovolcanoes
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361:volcano may be
314:(also known as
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2070:Purico complex
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1630:Penny Dransart
1626:
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1172:. p. 17.
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934:
927:
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847:
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769:
755:of 26.6%. Its
736:
698:
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685:
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675:
668:
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630:Cerro El Plomo
571:Cerro del Leon
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2135:San Francisco
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2045:Aucanquilcha
2043:
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2028:
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1925:Hualca Hualca
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1757:
1755:(6° N – 3° S)
1751:
1747:
1740:
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1728:
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1614:. UNM Press.
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475:
471:
470:summit crater
467:
458:
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390:thorny oyster
387:
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368:
364:
360:
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352:
348:
347:summit crater
344:
340:
335:
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329:
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321:
317:
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304:
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298:
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282:Last eruption
279:
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275:Stratovolcano
273:
271:
270:Mountain type
267:
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218:
185:
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35:
30:
25:
20:
2243:Quetrupillán
2105:Llullaillaco
1970:Huaynaputina
1685:
1665:
1634:
1610:
1597:. Retrieved
1590:the original
1577:
1549:. Retrieved
1525:
1515:
1506:
1497:
1488:
1479:
1470:
1449:
1440:
1431:
1407:. Retrieved
1400:the original
1393:
1364:
1345:
1339:
1315:(155): 627.
1312:
1308:
1298:
1265:
1261:
1255:
1235:
1228:
1211:
1201:
1189:. Retrieved
1182:the original
1139:. Retrieved
1131:
1103:. Retrieved
1099:
1090:
1078:. Retrieved
1074:
1065:
1053:. Retrieved
1049:the original
1038:
1026:. Retrieved
1017:
1005:. Retrieved
1001:
977:. Retrieved
967:
947:
917:
910:
890:
871:
865:
856:
850:
835:
832:"Acamarachi"
794:
791:"Acamarachi"
739:
722:filled with
702:
654:
612:
603:
597:, Tatio and
568:
551:Aucanquilcha
544:
536:
517:
478:
468:lies in the
462:
446:
442:volcanic arc
399:
375:
336:
322:in northern
315:
311:
310:
297:First ascent
252:Parent range
2339:(49°–55° S)
2323:Mate Grande
2173:Tupungatito
2161:(33°–46° S)
2040:Olca-Paruma
2035:Irruputuncu
2025:Tata Sabaya
1965:Pichu Pichu
1895:Quimsachata
1888:(14°–27° S)
1772:Cerro Bravo
757:parent peak
657:Inca Empire
642:Pichu Pichu
501:plagioclase
497:hypersthene
483:as well as
466:crater lake
434:Pleistocene
414:ignimbrites
363:postglacial
351:lava coulee
119: /
94:Coordinates
70:Parent peak
2395:Categories
2283:Hornopirén
2268:Casablanca
2238:Villarrica
2233:Sollipulli
2193:Cerro Azul
2065:Licancabur
2060:Sairecabur
2020:Guallatiri
2010:Parinacota
1990:Purupuruni
1900:Auquihuato
1867:Tungurahua
1862:Chimborazo
1822:Reventador
1797:Doña Juana
1355:3906151034
1268:(2): 750.
1212:StatPearls
775:References
595:Sairecabur
583:Licancabur
575:Curiquinca
565:Archeology
524:lava flows
481:hornblende
402:subduction
343:lava flows
312:Acamarachi
230:Acamarachi
197:Acamarachi
158:Acamarachi
60:Prominence
22:Acamarachi
2303:Corcovado
2223:Lonquimay
2183:Calabozos
2168:Tupungato
2145:Incahuasi
2110:Lastarria
2090:Chiliques
1930:Sabancaya
1910:Sara Sara
1827:Pichincha
1762:Paipa-Iza
1546:0718-1043
1290:128979648
1191:20 August
1178:0717-7305
761:San Pedro
626:Aconcagua
614:Spondylus
449:hyperarid
422:andesitic
410:rhyolitic
382:figurines
367:andesitic
339:lava dome
132:Geography
50:Elevation
2371:Fueguino
2356:Aguilera
2308:Mentolat
2218:Callaqui
2055:Zapaleri
1985:Yucamane
1980:Tutupaca
1950:Chachani
1920:Coropuna
1915:Solimana
1857:Quilotoa
1852:Cotopaxi
1847:Illiniza
1832:Antisana
1706:Archived
1632:(1995).
1599:4 August
1551:4 August
1409:4 August
1220:29630202
1141:4 August
1105:12 April
1080:12 April
1055:12 April
1028:14 April
1007:14 April
979:12 April
763:and the
732:TanDEM-X
667:See also
579:Juriques
547:glaciers
532:ice ages
520:Holocene
489:pyroxene
438:Holocene
291:Climbing
2346:Lautaro
2298:Chaitén
2278:Calbuco
2213:Copahue
2130:Peinado
2115:Lazufre
2100:Socompa
2005:Taapaca
1975:Ticsani
1817:Cayambe
1807:Azufral
1802:Galeras
1767:Romeral
1563:Sources
1317:Bibcode
1270:Bibcode
857:Le Ande
745:key col
661:Toconao
638:Copiapo
619:camelid
599:Toconce
555:cirques
513:Colachi
505:olivine
485:biotite
459:Geology
426:dacitic
418:Miocene
404:in the
373:rocks.
371:dacitic
359:Colachi
330:of the
320:volcano
286:Unknown
264:Geology
107:67°37′W
104:23°18′S
82:Listing
2366:Burney
2361:Reclus
2351:Viedma
2328:Hudson
2288:Huequi
2273:Osorno
2228:Llaima
2208:Antuco
2095:Aracar
2085:Lascar
2075:Pacana
2050:Azufre
2030:Isluga
2000:Tacora
1995:Casiri
1960:Ubinas
1940:Ampato
1905:Firura
1877:Sangay
1812:Chiles
1792:Puracé
1692:
1673:
1645:
1618:
1544:
1352:
1288:
1243:
1218:
1176:
955:
925:
898:
609:tunics
591:Paniri
587:Linzor
539:faults
528:crater
509:quartz
493:Augite
453:tephra
386:silver
355:saddle
349:and a
2248:Lanín
2178:Maipo
2125:Galán
2015:Lauca
1955:Misti
1842:Soche
1837:Aliso
1639:(PDF)
1593:(PDF)
1574:(PDF)
1403:(PDF)
1390:(PDF)
1286:S2CID
1185:(PDF)
1166:(PDF)
724:ASTER
716:ASTER
694:Notes
332:Andes
324:Chile
258:Andes
169:Chile
87:Ultra
2318:Macá
1690:ISBN
1671:ISBN
1643:ISBN
1616:ISBN
1601:2016
1553:2016
1542:ISSN
1411:2016
1350:ISBN
1241:ISBN
1216:PMID
1193:2021
1174:ISSN
1143:2016
1107:2020
1082:2020
1057:2020
1030:2020
1009:2020
981:2020
953:ISBN
923:ISBN
896:ISBN
728:ALOS
720:SRTM
712:SRTM
640:and
622:wool
605:Inca
515:'s.
507:and
499:and
436:and
378:Inca
369:and
316:Pili
27:Pili
2313:Cay
1582:doi
1532:doi
1325:doi
1278:doi
872:AAJ
759:is
648:of
487:or
424:to
2397::
1576:.
1540:.
1524:.
1458:^
1419:^
1392:.
1373:^
1323:.
1313:46
1311:.
1307:.
1284:.
1276:.
1266:53
1210:.
1151:^
1134:.
1130:.
1115:^
1098:.
1073:.
1000:.
989:^
937:^
880:^
840:.
834:.
813:^
805:,
799:.
793:.
782:^
710::
652:.
632:,
628:,
593:,
589:,
585:,
577:,
495:,
491:.
476:.
444:.
420:,
167:,
1738:e
1731:t
1724:v
1698:.
1679:.
1651:.
1624:.
1603:.
1584::
1555:.
1534::
1413:.
1358:.
1333:.
1327::
1319::
1292:.
1280::
1272::
1249:.
1222:.
1195:.
1145:.
1109:.
1084:.
1059:.
1032:.
1011:.
983:.
961:.
931:.
904:.
874:.
859:.
844:.
803:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
