31:
56:
371:, descending to lower altitudes to spend the winter, but some are long-distance migrants, most notably the Siberian accentor, which migrates 3,000–5,000 km from northern Siberia to China and Korea. Accentors spend the majority of their time in the undergrowth and even when flushed, stay low to the ground until reaching cover.
354:
Accentors may have one to three broods a year. Courtship consists of a great deal of song from the males, which may include short lark-like song flights to attract a mate. In most species, the male and female share in the nest making, with the dunnocks again being an exception; their males have no
347:. They are 14 to 18 cm in length, and weigh between 25 and 35 g. However, accentors have thin sharp bills, reflecting their diet of ground-dwelling insects in summer, augmented with small seeds and berries in winter. They may also swallow grit and sand to help their stomach break up these seeds.
350:
Most of the species live together in flocks. The dunnock is an exception since it prefers to be solitary except when feeding. The dunnock also earned a nickname of "shuffle-wing" since it most strongly displays the characteristic wing flicks used during courtship and other displays.
236:. All but the dunnock and the Japanese accentor are inhabitants of the mountainous regions of Europe and Asia; these two also occur in lowland areas, as does the Siberian accentor in the far north of Siberia. These birds are not strongly
355:
part in nest building or incubation. They build neat cup nests and lay 3–6 unspotted green or blue eggs. The eggs are incubated for around 12 days. The young are fed by both parents and take an additional 12 days or so to fledge.
363:
Their typical habitat is mountainous regions in an area far above the tree-line, but below the snow-line. The Alpine accentor has been observed at nearly 8,000 m (26,000 ft) altitude in the
4411:
4450:
4532:
367:
and the Altai and Robin accentors at 5,500 m (18,000 ft); however, most accentors breed in scrub vegetation at lower levels. Most species are
4385:
4424:
818:
712:
621:
704:
537:
4359:
4429:
698:
4437:
4307:
4455:
757:
4377:
811:
670:
55:
30:
407:
122:
4504:
675:
444:
4250:
504:
Explosive radiation and spatial expansion across the cold environments of the Old World in an avian family
476:
608:
4473:
4312:
3298:
1555:
1522:
650:
553:
257:
241:
141:
2941:
4491:
3855:
3253:
4527:
4465:
4333:
4288:
3318:
3186:
1050:
804:
452:
3628:
3594:
3929:
3909:
3717:
3132:
2961:
431:
3882:
3226:
940:
3737:
3490:
1181:
1126:
906:
185:
50:
4478:
4026:
3676:
3345:
3152:
2972:
2709:
1951:
3206:
1602:
616:. Vol. 10: Cuckoo-shrikes to Thrushes. Barcelona, Spain: Lynx Edicions. pp. 496–513.
4416:
4320:
3456:
736:
708:
617:
533:
468:
415:
344:
683:
503:
3506:
3307:
2824:
2790:
976:
557:
796:
4224:
4154:
3334:
2180:
1920:
1837:
1712:
1475:
1464:
1080:
383:
273:
343:
These are small, fairly drab species superficially similar, but not closely related to,
4372:
4203:
4189:
4175:
4161:
4063:
4008:
3945:
3774:
3685:
3262:
3215:
2806:
2615:
2594:
2364:
2230:
2223:
1688:
1671:
1664:
1305:
1298:
1291:
1204:
1066:
1032:
423:
399:
391:
368:
277:
237:
790:
4521:
4182:
4091:
3966:
3816:
3746:
3658:
3637:
3520:
3100:
3072:
2864:
2833:
2643:
2557:
2398:
2272:
2189:
2169:
2162:
2081:
2070:
2049:
1934:
1889:
1484:
1430:
1239:
1011:
164:
664:
577:
303:); this usage is based on the oldest known name for any of the species (old English
4210:
4126:
4070:
4035:
3994:
3938:
3898:
3809:
3781:
3706:
3651:
3644:
3610:
3603:
3527:
3431:
3361:
3327:
3030:
3002:
2758:
2744:
2678:
2525:
2476:
2427:
2380:
2258:
2200:
2134:
2101:
2033:
2009:
1991:
1899:
1875:
1865:
1858:
1806:
1740:
1626:
1592:
1567:
1504:
1225:
1087:
997:
582:. Vol. 10. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Museum of Comparative Zoology. p. 3.
269:
150:
4364:
4325:
4442:
4398:
4282:
4133:
4119:
4112:
4056:
4001:
3987:
3844:
3837:
3788:
3767:
3753:
3726:
3692:
3665:
3513:
3499:
3410:
3175:
3141:
3058:
3051:
3044:
2995:
2981:
2873:
2844:
2779:
2692:
2629:
2511:
2497:
2469:
2455:
2441:
2407:
2373:
2304:
2251:
2237:
2209:
2146:
2090:
1982:
1906:
1844:
1830:
1754:
1733:
1576:
1455:
1416:
1409:
1346:
1253:
1211:
1142:
1115:
1108:
990:
967:
929:
897:
885:
870:
828:
4273:
761:
4147:
4077:
4049:
3918:
3871:
3830:
3823:
3617:
3583:
3548:
3534:
3438:
3417:
3403:
3354:
3286:
3195:
3168:
3121:
3065:
2951:
2884:
2799:
2765:
2699:
2650:
2608:
2587:
2573:
2448:
2434:
2387:
2344:
2279:
2244:
2216:
1971:
1913:
1820:
1726:
1657:
1650:
1640:
1444:
1395:
1374:
1367:
1360:
1353:
1326:
1277:
1268:
1246:
1190:
1170:
1156:
1094:
1059:
1039:
1025:
983:
573:
320:
4346:
4015:
3959:
3952:
3864:
3795:
3760:
3562:
3555:
3465:
3424:
3396:
3382:
3368:
3242:
3114:
3107:
3079:
3016:
2917:
2853:
2813:
2772:
2737:
2723:
2664:
2636:
2622:
2580:
2566:
2546:
2539:
2504:
2490:
2483:
2462:
2418:
2324:
2265:
2155:
2063:
2018:
1961:
1941:
1813:
1782:
1747:
1695:
1633:
1619:
1381:
1337:
1073:
1018:
956:
864:
762:"Waxbills, parrotfinches, munias, whydahs, Olive Warbler, accentors, pipits"
740:
227:
223:
107:
67:
240:, but they will leave the coldest parts of their range in winter and make
4267:
4217:
4196:
4140:
4084:
3980:
3891:
3802:
3569:
3541:
3389:
3093:
3086:
3037:
2988:
2751:
2685:
2671:
2518:
2313:
2056:
1998:
1882:
1851:
1768:
1702:
1681:
1495:
1402:
1319:
1284:
1232:
1218:
1197:
1149:
1004:
949:
922:
846:
364:
219:
87:
4299:
4499:
4390:
4168:
4105:
4042:
3699:
3576:
3479:
3375:
3235:
3161:
3023:
3009:
2716:
2601:
2532:
2353:
2286:
1927:
1796:
1761:
1719:
1612:
1585:
1423:
1135:
1101:
915:
858:
460:
261:
158:
38:
4403:
3472:
3445:
2730:
2042:
1789:
1437:
1388:
1312:
840:
77:
4244:
511:
4351:
4486:
4098:
3973:
2657:
2293:
1775:
1511:
1163:
852:
207:
272:. Although the genus is usually used for all the accentors, the
211:
97:
4248:
3284:
2915:
2132:
1553:
883:
800:
4338:
315:
derives from the old scientific name for the Alpine accentor (
323:, meaning "sing with another" (ad + cantor). The genus name
612:. In del Hoyo, J.; Elliott, A.; Christie, D.A. (eds.).
2957:
2947:
2937:
2705:
1967:
1957:
1947:
1895:
1871:
1826:
1802:
1708:
1677:
1646:
1608:
1598:
703:. London, United Kingdom: Christopher Helm. p.
4257:
4025:
3928:
3908:
3881:
3854:
3736:
3716:
3675:
3627:
3593:
3489:
3455:
3344:
3317:
3297:
3252:
3225:
3205:
3185:
3151:
3131:
2971:
2928:
2883:
2863:
2843:
2823:
2789:
2556:
2417:
2397:
2363:
2343:
2323:
2303:
2199:
2179:
2145:
2100:
2080:
2032:
2008:
1981:
1575:
1566:
1521:
1494:
1474:
1454:
1336:
1267:
1180:
1125:
1049:
966:
939:
905:
896:
528:McClure, H. Elliott (1991). Forshaw, Joseph (ed.).
735:. Vol. 1. New York, N.Y.: Funk and Wagnalls.
663:
607:
437:(includes the formerly accepted Arabian accentor
638:An Atlas of the Birds of the Western Palaearctic
562:(in French). Paris: Deterville/self. p. 43.
559:Analyse d'une Nouvelle Ornithologie Élémentaire
812:
733:The Funk & Wagnalls Wildlife Encyclopedia
8:
700:The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names
256:was introduced by the French ornithologist
4245:
3294:
3281:
2925:
2912:
2142:
2129:
1572:
1563:
1550:
902:
893:
880:
819:
805:
797:
726:
724:
29:
20:
731:Burton, Maurice; Burton, Robert (1974).
532:. London: Merehurst Press. p. 184.
576:; Paynter, Raymond A. Jr, eds. (1964).
491:
379:Twelve species are currently accepted:
280:are sometimes separated into the genus
752:
750:
226:. This small group of closely related
768:. International Ornithologists' Union
601:
599:
597:
595:
593:
591:
589:
523:
521:
519:
7:
4505:1E1012C9-579B-48E7-B917-A9A0235C97C4
4492:FEB9185C-08C8-7BC5-F82B-BCFF583CBDCD
4466:a486025b-8a86-4ee9-87ee-7ef7bf62dd86
4378:79f712c2-d57f-4ad1-8108-362c338ee71a
684:participating institution membership
4533:Taxa named by Louis Pierre Vieillot
614:Handbook of the Birds of the World
14:
512:https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.3136
291:for all of the species, not just
609:"Family Prunellidae (Accentors)"
579:Check-list of Birds of the World
54:
793:on the Internet Bird Collection
760:; Donsker, David, eds. (2024).
530:Encyclopaedia of Animals: Birds
311:, small: "little brown bird").
829:finches, sparrows and tanagers
287:Harrison used the group name
1:
331:, "dunnock", a diminutive of
766:World Bird List Version 14.1
4549:
697:Jobling, James A. (2010).
3293:
3280:
2924:
2911:
2141:
2128:
1562:
1549:
892:
879:
835:
671:Oxford English Dictionary
191:
184:
177:
172:
156:
149:
51:Scientific classification
49:
37:
28:
23:
606:Hatchwell, B.J. (2005).
408:Rufous-breasted accentor
676:Oxford University Press
445:Black-throated accentor
1556:Nine-primaried oscines
1523:Nine-primaried oscines
554:Vieillot, Louis Pierre
477:Maroon-backed accentor
248:Taxonomy and etymology
4474:Paleobiology Database
508:Ecology and Evolution
403:Prunella rubeculoides
242:altitudinal movements
230:are all in the genus
4373:Fauna Europaea (new)
448:Prunella atrogularis
369:altitudinal migrants
674:(Online ed.).
651:Chambers Dictionary
480:Prunella immaculata
427:Prunella fulvescens
419:Prunella montanella
411:Prunella strophiata
395:Prunella himalayana
327:is from the German
159:Motacilla modularis
3299:Catamblyrhynchinae
464:Prunella modularis
293:Prunella modularis
266:Prunella modularis
43:Prunella modularis
4515:
4514:
4251:Taxon identifiers
4242:
4241:
4238:
4237:
4234:
4233:
3276:
3275:
3272:
3271:
2907:
2906:
2903:
2902:
2124:
2123:
2120:
2119:
2028:
2027:
1545:
1544:
1541:
1540:
1263:
1262:
714:978-1-4081-2501-4
682:(Subscription or
623:978-84-87334-72-6
469:Japanese accentor
453:Kozlov's accentor
441:, lumped in 2018)
435:Prunella ocularis
416:Siberian accentor
387:Prunella collaris
319:). It comes from
317:Accentor collaris
260:in 1816 with the
200:
199:
145:
126:
4540:
4508:
4507:
4495:
4494:
4482:
4481:
4469:
4468:
4459:
4458:
4446:
4445:
4443:NHMSYS0000066913
4433:
4432:
4420:
4419:
4407:
4406:
4394:
4393:
4381:
4380:
4368:
4367:
4355:
4354:
4342:
4341:
4329:
4328:
4316:
4315:
4303:
4302:
4293:
4292:
4291:
4278:
4277:
4276:
4246:
3856:Porphyrospizinae
3308:Catamblyrhynchus
3295:
3282:
3254:Xanthocephalinae
2959:
2949:
2939:
2926:
2913:
2825:Rhodinocichlidae
2791:Phaenicophilidae
2707:
2143:
2130:
1969:
1959:
1949:
1897:
1873:
1828:
1804:
1710:
1679:
1648:
1610:
1600:
1573:
1564:
1551:
903:
894:
881:
821:
814:
807:
798:
778:
777:
775:
773:
754:
745:
744:
728:
719:
718:
694:
688:
687:
679:
667:
660:
654:
647:
641:
634:
628:
627:
611:
603:
584:
583:
570:
564:
563:
550:
544:
543:
525:
514:
496:
456:Prunella koslowi
432:Radde's accentor
297:Japanese dunnock
140:
121:
59:
58:
33:
21:
4548:
4547:
4543:
4542:
4541:
4539:
4538:
4537:
4518:
4517:
4516:
4511:
4503:
4498:
4490:
4485:
4477:
4472:
4464:
4462:
4454:
4449:
4441:
4436:
4428:
4423:
4415:
4410:
4402:
4397:
4389:
4384:
4376:
4371:
4363:
4358:
4350:
4345:
4337:
4332:
4324:
4319:
4311:
4306:
4298:
4296:
4289:Prunella (ICZN)
4287:
4286:
4281:
4272:
4271:
4266:
4253:
4243:
4230:
4225:Wetmorethraupis
4155:Poecilostreptus
4021:
3924:
3904:
3877:
3850:
3732:
3712:
3671:
3623:
3589:
3485:
3451:
3340:
3335:Parkerthraustes
3319:Charitospizinae
3313:
3289:
3268:
3248:
3221:
3201:
3187:Dolichonychinae
3181:
3147:
3127:
2967:
2920:
2899:
2879:
2859:
2839:
2819:
2785:
2552:
2413:
2393:
2359:
2339:
2319:
2299:
2195:
2181:Calyptophilidae
2175:
2137:
2116:
2096:
2076:
2024:
2004:
1977:
1921:Rhynchostruthus
1713:Dysmorodrepanis
1558:
1537:
1517:
1490:
1476:Urocynchramidae
1470:
1450:
1332:
1259:
1176:
1121:
1051:Lagonostictinae
1045:
962:
935:
888:
875:
831:
825:
791:Accentor videos
787:
782:
781:
771:
769:
756:
755:
748:
730:
729:
722:
715:
696:
695:
691:
681:
662:
661:
657:
648:
644:
635:
631:
624:
605:
604:
587:
572:
571:
567:
552:
551:
547:
540:
527:
526:
517:
497:
493:
488:
472:Prunella rubida
439:Prunella fagani
384:Alpine accentor
377:
361:
341:
274:alpine accentor
250:
168:
162:
139:
120:
53:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4546:
4544:
4536:
4535:
4530:
4520:
4519:
4513:
4512:
4510:
4509:
4496:
4483:
4470:
4460:
4447:
4434:
4421:
4408:
4395:
4382:
4369:
4356:
4343:
4330:
4317:
4304:
4294:
4279:
4263:
4261:
4255:
4254:
4249:
4240:
4239:
4236:
4235:
4232:
4231:
4229:
4228:
4221:
4214:
4207:
4200:
4193:
4190:Stephanophorus
4186:
4179:
4176:Schistochlamys
4172:
4165:
4162:Pseudosaltator
4158:
4151:
4144:
4137:
4130:
4123:
4116:
4109:
4102:
4095:
4088:
4081:
4074:
4067:
4064:Chalcothraupis
4060:
4053:
4046:
4039:
4031:
4029:
4023:
4022:
4020:
4019:
4012:
4009:Trichothraupis
4005:
3998:
3991:
3984:
3977:
3970:
3963:
3956:
3949:
3946:Coryphospingus
3942:
3934:
3932:
3926:
3925:
3923:
3922:
3914:
3912:
3906:
3905:
3903:
3902:
3895:
3887:
3885:
3879:
3878:
3876:
3875:
3868:
3860:
3858:
3852:
3851:
3849:
3848:
3841:
3834:
3827:
3820:
3813:
3806:
3799:
3792:
3785:
3778:
3775:Kleinothraupis
3771:
3764:
3757:
3750:
3742:
3740:
3734:
3733:
3731:
3730:
3722:
3720:
3714:
3713:
3711:
3710:
3703:
3696:
3689:
3686:Compsothraupis
3681:
3679:
3673:
3672:
3670:
3669:
3662:
3655:
3648:
3641:
3633:
3631:
3629:Hemithraupinae
3625:
3624:
3622:
3621:
3614:
3607:
3599:
3597:
3595:Emberizoidinae
3591:
3590:
3588:
3587:
3580:
3573:
3566:
3559:
3552:
3545:
3538:
3531:
3524:
3517:
3510:
3503:
3495:
3493:
3487:
3486:
3484:
3483:
3476:
3469:
3461:
3459:
3453:
3452:
3450:
3449:
3442:
3435:
3428:
3421:
3414:
3407:
3400:
3393:
3386:
3379:
3372:
3365:
3358:
3350:
3348:
3342:
3341:
3339:
3338:
3331:
3323:
3321:
3315:
3314:
3312:
3311:
3303:
3301:
3291:
3290:
3285:
3278:
3277:
3274:
3273:
3270:
3269:
3267:
3266:
3263:Xanthocephalus
3258:
3256:
3250:
3249:
3247:
3246:
3239:
3231:
3229:
3223:
3222:
3220:
3219:
3211:
3209:
3203:
3202:
3200:
3199:
3191:
3189:
3183:
3182:
3180:
3179:
3172:
3165:
3157:
3155:
3149:
3148:
3146:
3145:
3137:
3135:
3129:
3128:
3126:
3125:
3118:
3111:
3104:
3097:
3090:
3083:
3076:
3069:
3062:
3055:
3048:
3041:
3034:
3027:
3020:
3013:
3006:
2999:
2992:
2985:
2977:
2975:
2969:
2968:
2966:
2965:
2955:
2945:
2934:
2932:
2930:incertae sedis
2922:
2921:
2916:
2909:
2908:
2905:
2904:
2901:
2900:
2898:
2897:
2896:
2895:
2889:
2887:
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2877:
2869:
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2861:
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2849:
2847:
2841:
2840:
2838:
2837:
2829:
2827:
2821:
2820:
2818:
2817:
2810:
2807:Phaenicophilus
2803:
2795:
2793:
2787:
2786:
2784:
2783:
2776:
2769:
2762:
2755:
2748:
2741:
2734:
2727:
2720:
2713:
2703:
2696:
2689:
2682:
2675:
2668:
2661:
2654:
2647:
2640:
2633:
2626:
2619:
2616:Artemisiospiza
2612:
2605:
2598:
2595:Amphispizopsis
2591:
2584:
2577:
2570:
2562:
2560:
2554:
2553:
2551:
2550:
2543:
2536:
2529:
2522:
2515:
2508:
2501:
2494:
2487:
2480:
2473:
2466:
2459:
2452:
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2438:
2431:
2423:
2421:
2415:
2414:
2412:
2411:
2403:
2401:
2395:
2394:
2392:
2391:
2384:
2377:
2369:
2367:
2365:Mitrospingidae
2361:
2360:
2358:
2357:
2349:
2347:
2341:
2340:
2338:
2337:
2336:
2335:
2329:
2327:
2321:
2320:
2318:
2317:
2309:
2307:
2301:
2300:
2298:
2297:
2290:
2283:
2276:
2269:
2262:
2255:
2248:
2241:
2234:
2231:Chlorothraupis
2227:
2224:Caryothraustes
2220:
2213:
2205:
2203:
2197:
2196:
2194:
2193:
2185:
2183:
2177:
2176:
2174:
2173:
2166:
2159:
2151:
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2139:
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2133:
2126:
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2112:
2106:
2104:
2098:
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2077:
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2074:
2067:
2060:
2053:
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2030:
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2026:
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2023:
2022:
2014:
2012:
2006:
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2002:
1995:
1987:
1985:
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1965:
1955:
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1744:
1737:
1730:
1723:
1716:
1706:
1699:
1692:
1689:Coccothraustes
1685:
1675:
1672:Chrysocorythus
1668:
1665:Chlorodrepanis
1661:
1654:
1644:
1637:
1630:
1623:
1616:
1606:
1596:
1589:
1581:
1579:
1570:
1560:
1559:
1554:
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1399:
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1385:
1378:
1371:
1364:
1357:
1350:
1342:
1340:
1334:
1333:
1331:
1330:
1323:
1316:
1309:
1306:Onychostruthus
1302:
1299:Montifringilla
1295:
1292:Hypocryptadius
1288:
1281:
1273:
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1265:
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1123:
1122:
1120:
1119:
1112:
1105:
1098:
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1084:
1077:
1070:
1067:Euschistospiza
1063:
1055:
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785:External links
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424:Brown accentor
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400:Robin accentor
397:
392:Altai accentor
389:
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278:Altai accentor
258:Louis Vieillot
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214:in the family
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16:Genus of birds
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4545:
4534:
4531:
4529:
4526:
4525:
4523:
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4493:
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4340:
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4318:
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4309:
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4301:
4295:
4290:
4284:
4280:
4275:
4269:
4265:
4264:
4262:
4260:
4256:
4252:
4247:
4227:
4226:
4222:
4220:
4219:
4215:
4213:
4212:
4208:
4206:
4205:
4201:
4199:
4198:
4194:
4192:
4191:
4187:
4185:
4184:
4183:Sporathraupis
4180:
4178:
4177:
4173:
4171:
4170:
4166:
4164:
4163:
4159:
4157:
4156:
4152:
4150:
4149:
4145:
4143:
4142:
4138:
4136:
4135:
4131:
4129:
4128:
4124:
4122:
4121:
4117:
4115:
4114:
4110:
4108:
4107:
4103:
4101:
4100:
4096:
4094:
4093:
4092:Cnemathraupis
4089:
4087:
4086:
4082:
4080:
4079:
4075:
4073:
4072:
4068:
4066:
4065:
4061:
4059:
4058:
4054:
4052:
4051:
4047:
4045:
4044:
4040:
4038:
4037:
4033:
4032:
4030:
4028:
4024:
4018:
4017:
4013:
4011:
4010:
4006:
4004:
4003:
3999:
3997:
3996:
3992:
3990:
3989:
3985:
3983:
3982:
3978:
3976:
3975:
3971:
3969:
3968:
3967:Heliothraupis
3964:
3962:
3961:
3957:
3955:
3954:
3950:
3948:
3947:
3943:
3941:
3940:
3936:
3935:
3933:
3931:
3930:Tachyphoninae
3927:
3921:
3920:
3916:
3915:
3913:
3911:
3910:Sporophilinae
3907:
3901:
3900:
3896:
3894:
3893:
3889:
3888:
3886:
3884:
3880:
3874:
3873:
3869:
3867:
3866:
3862:
3861:
3859:
3857:
3853:
3847:
3846:
3842:
3840:
3839:
3835:
3833:
3832:
3828:
3826:
3825:
3821:
3819:
3818:
3817:Pseudospingus
3814:
3812:
3811:
3807:
3805:
3804:
3800:
3798:
3797:
3793:
3791:
3790:
3786:
3784:
3783:
3779:
3777:
3776:
3772:
3770:
3769:
3765:
3763:
3762:
3758:
3756:
3755:
3751:
3749:
3748:
3747:Castanozoster
3744:
3743:
3741:
3739:
3735:
3729:
3728:
3724:
3723:
3721:
3719:
3718:Orchesticinae
3715:
3709:
3708:
3704:
3702:
3701:
3697:
3695:
3694:
3690:
3688:
3687:
3683:
3682:
3680:
3678:
3674:
3668:
3667:
3663:
3661:
3660:
3659:Heterospingus
3656:
3654:
3653:
3649:
3647:
3646:
3642:
3640:
3639:
3638:Chrysothlypis
3635:
3634:
3632:
3630:
3626:
3620:
3619:
3615:
3613:
3612:
3608:
3606:
3605:
3601:
3600:
3598:
3596:
3592:
3586:
3585:
3581:
3579:
3578:
3574:
3572:
3571:
3567:
3565:
3564:
3560:
3558:
3557:
3553:
3551:
3550:
3546:
3544:
3543:
3539:
3537:
3536:
3532:
3530:
3529:
3525:
3523:
3522:
3518:
3516:
3515:
3511:
3509:
3508:
3504:
3502:
3501:
3497:
3496:
3494:
3492:
3488:
3482:
3481:
3477:
3475:
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3408:
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3384:
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3378:
3377:
3373:
3371:
3370:
3366:
3364:
3363:
3359:
3357:
3356:
3352:
3351:
3349:
3347:
3343:
3337:
3336:
3332:
3330:
3329:
3325:
3324:
3322:
3320:
3316:
3310:
3309:
3305:
3304:
3302:
3300:
3296:
3292:
3288:
3283:
3279:
3265:
3264:
3260:
3259:
3257:
3255:
3251:
3245:
3244:
3240:
3238:
3237:
3233:
3232:
3230:
3228:
3224:
3218:
3217:
3213:
3212:
3210:
3208:
3204:
3198:
3197:
3193:
3192:
3190:
3188:
3184:
3178:
3177:
3173:
3171:
3170:
3166:
3164:
3163:
3159:
3158:
3156:
3154:
3150:
3144:
3143:
3139:
3138:
3136:
3134:
3133:Amblycercinae
3130:
3124:
3123:
3119:
3117:
3116:
3112:
3110:
3109:
3105:
3103:
3102:
3101:Pseudoleistes
3098:
3096:
3095:
3091:
3089:
3088:
3084:
3082:
3081:
3077:
3075:
3074:
3073:Macroagelaius
3070:
3068:
3067:
3063:
3061:
3060:
3056:
3054:
3053:
3049:
3047:
3046:
3042:
3040:
3039:
3035:
3033:
3032:
3028:
3026:
3025:
3021:
3019:
3018:
3014:
3012:
3011:
3007:
3005:
3004:
3000:
2998:
2997:
2993:
2991:
2990:
2986:
2984:
2983:
2979:
2978:
2976:
2974:
2970:
2964:
2963:
2962:Pyelorhamphus
2956:
2954:
2953:
2946:
2944:
2943:
2936:
2935:
2933:
2931:
2927:
2923:
2919:
2914:
2910:
2893:
2892:
2891:
2890:
2888:
2886:
2882:
2876:
2875:
2871:
2870:
2868:
2866:
2865:Teretistridae
2862:
2856:
2855:
2851:
2850:
2848:
2846:
2842:
2836:
2835:
2834:Rhodinocichla
2831:
2830:
2828:
2826:
2822:
2816:
2815:
2811:
2809:
2808:
2804:
2802:
2801:
2797:
2796:
2794:
2792:
2788:
2782:
2781:
2777:
2775:
2774:
2770:
2768:
2767:
2763:
2761:
2760:
2756:
2754:
2753:
2749:
2747:
2746:
2742:
2740:
2739:
2735:
2733:
2732:
2728:
2726:
2725:
2721:
2719:
2718:
2714:
2712:
2711:
2704:
2702:
2701:
2697:
2695:
2694:
2690:
2688:
2687:
2683:
2681:
2680:
2676:
2674:
2673:
2669:
2667:
2666:
2662:
2660:
2659:
2655:
2653:
2652:
2648:
2646:
2645:
2644:Chlorospingus
2641:
2639:
2638:
2634:
2632:
2631:
2627:
2625:
2624:
2620:
2618:
2617:
2613:
2611:
2610:
2606:
2604:
2603:
2599:
2597:
2596:
2592:
2590:
2589:
2585:
2583:
2582:
2578:
2576:
2575:
2571:
2569:
2568:
2564:
2563:
2561:
2559:
2558:Passerellidae
2555:
2549:
2548:
2544:
2542:
2541:
2537:
2535:
2534:
2530:
2528:
2527:
2523:
2521:
2520:
2516:
2514:
2513:
2509:
2507:
2506:
2502:
2500:
2499:
2495:
2493:
2492:
2488:
2486:
2485:
2481:
2479:
2478:
2474:
2472:
2471:
2467:
2465:
2464:
2460:
2458:
2457:
2453:
2451:
2450:
2446:
2444:
2443:
2439:
2437:
2436:
2432:
2430:
2429:
2425:
2424:
2422:
2420:
2416:
2410:
2409:
2405:
2404:
2402:
2400:
2399:Nesospingidae
2396:
2390:
2389:
2385:
2383:
2382:
2378:
2376:
2375:
2371:
2370:
2368:
2366:
2362:
2356:
2355:
2351:
2350:
2348:
2346:
2342:
2333:
2332:
2331:
2330:
2328:
2326:
2322:
2316:
2315:
2311:
2310:
2308:
2306:
2302:
2296:
2295:
2291:
2289:
2288:
2284:
2282:
2281:
2277:
2275:
2274:
2273:Periporphyrus
2270:
2268:
2267:
2263:
2261:
2260:
2256:
2254:
2253:
2249:
2247:
2246:
2242:
2240:
2239:
2235:
2233:
2232:
2228:
2226:
2225:
2221:
2219:
2218:
2214:
2212:
2211:
2207:
2206:
2204:
2202:
2198:
2192:
2191:
2190:Calyptophilus
2187:
2186:
2184:
2182:
2178:
2172:
2171:
2170:Rhynchophanes
2167:
2165:
2164:
2163:Plectrophenax
2160:
2158:
2157:
2153:
2152:
2150:
2148:
2144:
2140:
2136:
2131:
2127:
2110:
2109:
2108:
2107:
2105:
2103:
2099:
2093:
2092:
2088:
2087:
2085:
2083:
2082:Peucedramidae
2079:
2073:
2072:
2071:Tmetothylacus
2068:
2066:
2065:
2061:
2059:
2058:
2054:
2052:
2051:
2050:Dendronanthus
2047:
2045:
2044:
2040:
2039:
2037:
2035:
2031:
2021:
2020:
2016:
2015:
2013:
2011:
2007:
2001:
2000:
1996:
1994:
1993:
1989:
1988:
1986:
1984:
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1966:
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1963:
1956:
1954:
1953:
1946:
1944:
1943:
1939:
1937:
1936:
1932:
1930:
1929:
1925:
1923:
1922:
1918:
1916:
1915:
1911:
1909:
1908:
1904:
1902:
1901:
1894:
1892:
1891:
1890:Pyrrhoplectes
1887:
1885:
1884:
1880:
1878:
1877:
1870:
1868:
1867:
1863:
1861:
1860:
1856:
1854:
1853:
1849:
1847:
1846:
1842:
1840:
1839:
1835:
1833:
1832:
1825:
1823:
1822:
1818:
1816:
1815:
1811:
1809:
1808:
1801:
1799:
1798:
1794:
1792:
1791:
1787:
1785:
1784:
1780:
1778:
1777:
1773:
1771:
1770:
1766:
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1759:
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1756:
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1742:
1738:
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1731:
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1704:
1700:
1698:
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1607:
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1604:
1597:
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1574:
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1513:
1509:
1507:
1506:
1502:
1501:
1499:
1497:
1493:
1487:
1486:
1485:Urocynchramus
1482:
1481:
1479:
1477:
1473:
1467:
1466:
1462:
1461:
1459:
1457:
1453:
1447:
1446:
1442:
1440:
1439:
1435:
1433:
1432:
1431:Pseudonigrita
1428:
1426:
1425:
1421:
1419:
1418:
1414:
1412:
1411:
1407:
1405:
1404:
1400:
1398:
1397:
1393:
1391:
1390:
1386:
1384:
1383:
1379:
1377:
1376:
1372:
1370:
1369:
1365:
1363:
1362:
1358:
1356:
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1351:
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1348:
1344:
1343:
1341:
1339:
1335:
1329:
1328:
1324:
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1317:
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1310:
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1307:
1303:
1301:
1300:
1296:
1294:
1293:
1289:
1287:
1286:
1282:
1280:
1279:
1275:
1274:
1272:
1270:
1266:
1256:
1255:
1251:
1249:
1248:
1244:
1242:
1241:
1240:Stagonopleura
1237:
1235:
1234:
1230:
1228:
1227:
1223:
1221:
1220:
1216:
1214:
1213:
1209:
1207:
1206:
1202:
1200:
1199:
1195:
1193:
1192:
1188:
1187:
1185:
1183:
1179:
1173:
1172:
1168:
1166:
1165:
1161:
1159:
1158:
1154:
1152:
1151:
1147:
1145:
1144:
1140:
1138:
1137:
1133:
1132:
1130:
1128:
1124:
1118:
1117:
1113:
1111:
1110:
1106:
1104:
1103:
1099:
1097:
1096:
1092:
1090:
1089:
1085:
1083:
1082:
1078:
1076:
1075:
1071:
1069:
1068:
1064:
1062:
1061:
1057:
1056:
1054:
1052:
1048:
1042:
1041:
1037:
1035:
1034:
1030:
1028:
1027:
1023:
1021:
1020:
1016:
1014:
1013:
1012:Glaucestrilda
1009:
1007:
1006:
1002:
1000:
999:
995:
993:
992:
988:
986:
985:
981:
979:
978:
974:
973:
971:
969:
965:
959:
958:
954:
952:
951:
947:
946:
944:
942:
938:
932:
931:
927:
925:
924:
920:
918:
917:
913:
912:
910:
908:
904:
901:
899:
895:
891:
887:
882:
878:
872:
869:Superfamily:
868:
866:
862:
860:
856:
854:
850:
848:
844:
842:
838:
837:
834:
830:
822:
817:
815:
810:
808:
803:
802:
799:
792:
789:
788:
784:
767:
763:
759:
753:
751:
747:
742:
738:
734:
727:
725:
721:
716:
710:
706:
702:
701:
693:
690:
685:
677:
673:
672:
666:
659:
656:
653:
652:
646:
643:
639:
633:
630:
625:
619:
615:
610:
602:
600:
598:
596:
594:
592:
590:
586:
581:
580:
575:
569:
566:
561:
560:
555:
549:
546:
541:
539:1-85391-186-0
535:
531:
524:
522:
520:
516:
513:
509:
505:
501:
495:
492:
485:
481:
478:
475:
473:
470:
467:
465:
462:
459:
457:
454:
451:
449:
446:
443:
440:
436:
433:
430:
428:
425:
422:
420:
417:
414:
412:
409:
406:
404:
401:
398:
396:
393:
390:
388:
385:
382:
381:
380:
374:
372:
370:
366:
358:
356:
352:
348:
346:
338:
336:
334:
330:
326:
322:
318:
314:
310:
307:-, brown, + -
306:
302:
298:
294:
290:
285:
283:
279:
275:
271:
267:
263:
259:
255:
247:
245:
243:
239:
235:
234:
229:
225:
221:
217:
213:
209:
205:
196:
195:
190:
187:
183:
180:
176:
171:
166:
161:
160:
155:
152:
148:
143:
138:
137:
133:
130:
129:
124:
119:
116:
113:
112:
109:
108:Passeriformes
106:
103:
102:
99:
96:
93:
92:
89:
86:
83:
82:
79:
76:
73:
72:
69:
66:
63:
62:
57:
52:
48:
44:
40:
36:
32:
27:
22:
19:
4258:
4223:
4216:
4211:Tephrophilus
4209:
4202:
4195:
4188:
4181:
4174:
4167:
4160:
4153:
4146:
4139:
4132:
4127:Lophospingus
4125:
4118:
4111:
4104:
4097:
4090:
4083:
4076:
4071:Chlorochrysa
4069:
4062:
4055:
4048:
4041:
4036:Anisognathus
4034:
4014:
4007:
4000:
3995:Rhodospingus
3993:
3986:
3979:
3972:
3965:
3958:
3951:
3944:
3939:Conothraupis
3937:
3917:
3899:Saltatricula
3897:
3890:
3883:Saltatorinae
3870:
3863:
3843:
3836:
3829:
3822:
3815:
3810:Poospizopsis
3808:
3801:
3794:
3787:
3782:Microspingus
3780:
3773:
3766:
3759:
3752:
3745:
3725:
3707:Sericossypha
3705:
3698:
3691:
3684:
3664:
3657:
3652:Hemithraupis
3650:
3645:Chlorophanes
3643:
3636:
3616:
3611:Emberizoides
3609:
3604:Coryphaspiza
3602:
3582:
3575:
3568:
3561:
3554:
3547:
3540:
3533:
3528:Geospizopsis
3526:
3519:
3512:
3505:
3498:
3478:
3471:
3464:
3444:
3437:
3432:Pinaroloxias
3430:
3423:
3416:
3409:
3402:
3395:
3388:
3381:
3374:
3367:
3362:Camarhynchus
3360:
3353:
3333:
3328:Charitospiza
3326:
3306:
3261:
3241:
3234:
3227:Sturnellinae
3214:
3194:
3174:
3167:
3160:
3140:
3120:
3113:
3106:
3099:
3092:
3085:
3078:
3071:
3064:
3057:
3050:
3043:
3036:
3029:
3022:
3015:
3008:
3003:Amblyramphus
3001:
2994:
2987:
2980:
2960:
2950:
2940:
2929:
2872:
2852:
2832:
2812:
2805:
2798:
2778:
2771:
2764:
2759:Spizelloides
2757:
2750:
2745:Rhynchospiza
2743:
2736:
2729:
2722:
2715:
2708:
2698:
2691:
2684:
2679:Oreothraupis
2677:
2670:
2663:
2656:
2649:
2642:
2635:
2628:
2621:
2614:
2607:
2600:
2593:
2586:
2579:
2572:
2565:
2545:
2538:
2531:
2526:Protonotaria
2524:
2517:
2510:
2503:
2496:
2489:
2482:
2477:Limnothlypis
2475:
2468:
2461:
2454:
2447:
2440:
2433:
2428:Basileuterus
2426:
2406:
2386:
2381:Mitrospingus
2379:
2372:
2352:
2312:
2292:
2285:
2278:
2271:
2264:
2257:
2250:
2243:
2236:
2229:
2222:
2215:
2208:
2201:Cardinalidae
2188:
2168:
2161:
2154:
2135:Emberizoidea
2102:Emberizoidea
2089:
2069:
2062:
2055:
2048:
2041:
2034:Motacillidae
2017:
2010:Fringillinae
1997:
1992:Chlorophonia
1990:
1970:
1960:
1950:
1940:
1933:
1926:
1919:
1912:
1905:
1900:Rhodacanthis
1898:
1888:
1881:
1876:Psittirostra
1874:
1866:Pseudonestor
1864:
1859:Procarduelis
1857:
1850:
1843:
1836:
1829:
1819:
1812:
1807:Melamprosops
1805:
1795:
1788:
1781:
1774:
1767:
1760:
1753:
1746:
1741:Hesperiphona
1739:
1732:
1725:
1718:
1711:
1701:
1694:
1687:
1680:
1670:
1663:
1656:
1649:
1639:
1632:
1627:Callacanthis
1625:
1618:
1611:
1601:
1593:Agraphospiza
1591:
1584:
1568:Fringillidae
1510:
1505:Anomalospiza
1503:
1483:
1463:
1443:
1436:
1429:
1422:
1415:
1408:
1401:
1394:
1387:
1380:
1373:
1366:
1359:
1352:
1345:
1325:
1318:
1311:
1304:
1297:
1290:
1283:
1276:
1252:
1245:
1238:
1231:
1226:Oreostruthus
1224:
1217:
1210:
1203:
1196:
1189:
1169:
1162:
1155:
1148:
1141:
1134:
1114:
1107:
1100:
1093:
1088:Lagonosticta
1086:
1079:
1072:
1065:
1058:
1038:
1031:
1024:
1017:
1010:
1003:
998:Delacourella
996:
989:
982:
975:
955:
948:
941:Erythrurinae
928:
921:
914:
863:Infraorder:
770:. Retrieved
765:
732:
699:
692:
669:
658:
649:
645:
637:
632:
613:
578:
568:
558:
548:
529:
507:
499:
494:
479:
471:
463:
455:
447:
438:
434:
426:
418:
410:
402:
394:
386:
378:
375:Species list
362:
353:
349:
342:
332:
328:
324:
316:
312:
308:
304:
300:
296:
292:
288:
286:
281:
270:type species
265:
253:
251:
232:
231:
215:
203:
201:
193:
192:
178:
157:
151:Type species
135:
134:
117:
42:
18:
4528:Prunellidae
4399:iNaturalist
4283:Wikispecies
4134:Neothraupis
4120:Ixothraupis
4113:Iridosornis
4057:Calochaetes
4002:Tachyphonus
3988:Ramphocelus
3845:Xenospingus
3838:Urothraupis
3789:Nephelornis
3768:Donacospiza
3754:Cnemoscopus
3738:Poospizinae
3727:Orchesticus
3693:Cyanicterus
3666:Iridophanes
3514:Conirostrum
3500:Acanthidops
3491:Diglossinae
3411:Melanospiza
3176:Psarocolius
3142:Amblycercus
3059:Hypopyrrhus
3052:Gymnomystax
3045:Gnorimopsar
2996:Agelasticus
2982:Agelaioides
2894:See below ↓
2874:Teretistris
2845:Spindalidae
2780:Zonotrichia
2693:Passerculus
2630:Calamospiza
2512:Oreothlypis
2498:Myiothlypis
2470:Leiothlypis
2456:Helmitheros
2442:Catharopeza
2408:Nesospingus
2374:Lamprospiza
2334:See below ↓
2305:Emberizidae
2252:Granatellus
2238:Cyanocompsa
2210:Amaurospiza
2147:Calcariidae
2111:See below ↓
2091:Peucedramus
1983:Euphoniinae
1907:Rhodopechys
1845:Paroreomyza
1831:Orthiospiza
1755:Leucosticte
1734:Hemignathus
1577:Carduelinae
1532:See below ↓
1456:Prunellidae
1417:Plocepasser
1410:Philetairus
1347:Amblyospiza
1254:Taeniopygia
1212:Heteromunia
1182:Poephilinae
1143:Lepidopygia
1127:Lonchurinae
1116:Uraeginthus
1109:Spermophaga
991:Cryptospiza
968:Estrildinae
930:Ortygospiza
907:Amandavinae
898:Estrildidae
886:Passeroidea
871:Passeroidea
758:Gill, Frank
574:Mayr, Ernst
339:Description
335:, "brown".
295:(thus e.g.
218:, which is
216:Prunellidae
118:Prunellidae
4522:Categories
4148:Pipraeidea
4078:Chlorornis
4050:Buthraupis
4027:Thraupinae
3919:Sporophila
3872:Rhopospina
3831:Thlypopsis
3824:Sphenopsis
3677:Nemosiinae
3618:Embernagra
3584:Xenodacnis
3549:Melanodera
3535:Haplospiza
3439:Platyspiza
3418:Melopyrrha
3404:Loxipasser
3355:Asemospiza
3346:Coerebinae
3287:Thraupidae
3196:Dolichonyx
3169:Cassiculus
3153:Cassicinae
3122:Xanthopsar
3066:Lampropsar
2973:Agelaiinae
2952:Pandanaris
2885:Thraupidae
2800:Microligea
2766:Torreornis
2710:Pedinorhis
2700:Passerella
2651:Chondestes
2609:Arremonops
2588:Amphispiza
2574:Ammodramus
2449:Geothlypis
2435:Cardellina
2388:Orthogonys
2345:Icteriidae
2280:Pheucticus
2245:Cyanoloxia
2217:Cardinalis
1972:Xestospiza
1952:Vangulifer
1914:Rhodospiza
1821:Oreomystis
1727:Haemorhous
1651:Chloridops
1641:Carpodacus
1445:Sporopipes
1396:Histurgops
1375:Dinemellia
1368:Bubalornis
1361:Brachycope
1354:Anaplectes
1327:Pyrgilauda
1278:Carpospiza
1269:Passeridae
1247:Stizoptera
1191:Aidemosyne
1171:Spermestes
1157:Mayrimunia
1095:Pyrenestes
1060:Clytospiza
1040:Parmoptila
1026:Nesocharis
984:Coccopygia
857:Suborder:
827:Genera of
686:required.)
665:"Accentor"
636:Harrison,
486:References
321:Late Latin
252:The genus
228:passerines
179:See text.
4016:Volatinia
3960:Eucometis
3953:Creurgops
3865:Incaspiza
3796:Piezorina
3761:Cypsnagra
3563:Phrygilus
3556:Nesospiza
3507:Catamenia
3466:Cyanerpes
3425:Phonipara
3397:Loxigilla
3383:Euneornis
3369:Certhidea
3243:Sturnella
3207:Icterinae
3115:Quiscalus
3108:Ptiloxena
3080:Molothrus
3017:Chrysomus
2942:Cremaster
2918:Icteridae
2854:Spindalis
2814:Xenoligea
2773:Xenospiza
2738:Pooecetes
2724:Pezopetes
2665:Melospiza
2637:Centronyx
2623:Atlapetes
2581:Ammospiza
2567:Aimophila
2547:Vermivora
2540:Setophaga
2505:Oporornis
2491:Myioborus
2484:Mniotilta
2463:Leucopeza
2419:Parulidae
2325:Icteridae
2266:Passerina
2156:Calcarius
2064:Motacilla
2019:Fringilla
1962:Viridonia
1942:Telespiza
1814:Mycerobas
1783:Loxioides
1748:Himatione
1696:Crithagra
1634:Carduelis
1620:Bucanetes
1603:Aidemedia
1382:Euplectes
1338:Ploceidae
1074:Granatina
1019:Mandingoa
977:Brunhilda
957:Erythrura
865:Passerida
839:Kingdom:
772:24 August
502:. (2017)
329:Braunelle
301:P. rubida
282:Laiscopus
268:) as the
238:migratory
224:Old World
204:accentors
194:Laiscopus
74:Kingdom:
68:Eukaryota
24:Accentor
4297:BioLib:
4274:Q3924795
4268:Wikidata
4259:Prunella
4218:Thraupis
4197:Stilpnia
4141:Paroaria
4085:Cissopis
3981:Loriotus
3892:Saltator
3803:Poospiza
3570:Rowettia
3542:Idiopsar
3521:Diglossa
3457:Dacninae
3390:Geospiza
3094:Oreopsar
3087:Nesopsar
3038:Euphagus
2989:Agelaius
2752:Spizella
2686:Oriturus
2672:Melozone
2519:Parkesia
2314:Emberiza
2057:Macronyx
1999:Euphonia
1883:Pyrrhula
1852:Pinicola
1838:Palmeria
1769:Linurgus
1703:Drepanis
1682:Ciridops
1586:Acanthis
1496:Viduidae
1465:Prunella
1403:Malimbus
1320:Petronia
1285:Gymnoris
1233:Poephila
1219:Neochmia
1198:Bathilda
1150:Lonchura
1081:Hypargos
1005:Estrilda
950:Chloebia
923:Amandava
847:Chordata
845:Phylum:
841:Animalia
741:20316938
556:(1816).
498:Liu, B.
365:Himalaya
345:sparrows
325:Prunella
313:Accentor
254:Prunella
233:Prunella
186:Synonyms
173:Species
165:Linnaeus
142:Vieillot
136:Prunella
123:Richmond
114:Family:
88:Chordata
84:Phylum:
78:Animalia
64:Domain:
4500:ZooBank
4417:1289530
4391:2495070
4204:Tangara
4169:Rauenia
4106:Dubusia
4043:Bangsia
3700:Nemosia
3577:Sicalis
3480:Tersina
3376:Coereba
3236:Leistes
3216:Icterus
3162:Cacicus
3024:Curaeus
3010:Anumara
2717:Peucaea
2602:Arremon
2533:Seiurus
2354:Icteria
2287:Piranga
1928:Serinus
1797:Magumma
1762:Linaria
1720:Eophona
1658:Chloris
1613:Akialoa
1424:Ploceus
1205:Emblema
1136:Euodice
1102:Pytilia
1033:Nigrita
916:Amadina
859:Passeri
851:Class:
461:Dunnock
359:Habitat
289:dunnock
262:dunnock
222:to the
220:endemic
131:Genus:
104:Order:
94:Class:
39:Dunnock
4479:368981
4463:NZOR:
4456:175132
4430:178658
4360:EURING
4352:1PRUNG
3473:Dacnis
3446:Tiaris
2731:Pipilo
2043:Anthus
1935:Spinus
1790:Loxops
1438:Quelea
1389:Foudia
1313:Passer
739:
711:
640:, 1982
620:
536:
206:are a
167:, 1758
144:, 1816
125:, 1908
4487:Plazi
4412:IRMNG
4404:13982
4365:10949
4339:77930
4313:70333
4099:Diuca
3974:Lanio
3031:Dives
2658:Junco
2294:Spiza
2259:Habia
1776:Loxia
1512:Vidua
1164:Padda
680:
500:et al
333:braun
212:birds
208:genus
4451:NCBI
4425:ITIS
4386:GBIF
4347:EPPO
4326:6Y6B
4308:BOLD
4300:8858
853:Aves
774:2024
737:OCLC
709:ISBN
618:ISBN
534:ISBN
299:for
276:and
202:The
98:Aves
4438:NBN
4334:EoL
4321:CoL
705:318
309:ock
305:dun
210:of
4524::
4502::
4489::
4476::
4453::
4440::
4427::
4414::
4401::
4388::
4375::
4362::
4349::
4336::
4323::
4310::
4285::
4270::
764:.
749:^
723:^
707:.
668:.
588:^
518:^
510:.
506:.
284:.
244:.
45:)
2958:†
2948:†
2938:†
2706:†
1968:†
1958:†
1948:†
1896:†
1872:†
1827:†
1803:†
1709:†
1678:†
1647:†
1609:†
1599:†
820:e
813:t
806:v
776:.
743:.
717:.
678:.
626:.
542:.
264:(
41:(
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