671:
2205:
67:
185:
1332:
Among ethnic
Georgians, nationalist narratives dating back to the Soviet period highlight fears that minority groups could lay claims over Georgian territory. These fears were substantiated and entrenched by the traumatic experiences of the 1990s. A more fundamentalist narrative portrays minorities
1333:
as guests or second-class citizens on
Georgian territory, which should be subordinated to "true" Georgian national identity (Kartveloba). Against this backdrop, some minorities have perceived integration efforts as assimilation threats to their legitimate ethnic identities.
1895:
748:, the Congress of the Representatives of Muslim Georgians was held on 31 August 1919. It passed a resolution supporting reunification with Georgia and elected Majlis of Georgian Muslims, which represented Muslim Georgians in relation to the British administration.
818:
to advance his political goals. After the
Georgian independence, the first Georgian president Zviad Gamsakhurdia appointed Abashidze as the chairman of Ajaria's parliament in 1991. Taking advantage of the turmoil caused by the
2193:
775:
dampened religious practice in the region, thus diminishing the
Adjarian legitimation for autonomy within the Soviet system. In the 1920s, the Achars rebelled against the Soviet anti-Islamic activities and
870:
In the sixteenth century, the majority of Adjara's population was
Christian. By the end of the eighteenth century, all Adjarians were Muslim. After Adjara was ceded to the Russian Empire in 1878 under the
886:'s missionary efforts, they also tried to win the loyalty of Adjarians by building mosques and madrassas and supporting the local Muslim clergy. As a result, some Adjarians emigrants, called
795:, separate from the rest of Georgians, counting 71,426 of them. In subsequent censuses (1939â1989), they were listed with other Georgians, as no official Soviet census asked about religion.
839:
of Achara, Haji Mahmud
Kamashidze, supported Abashidze in his power struggle. However, after Abashidze reached his goals, he stopped using the Muslim movement for his political goals. The
744:, the Ottomans soon withdrew from the territory, and Adjara fell under the temporary occupation of Great Britain. During this time, under the leadership of prominent Adjarian activist
644:
of their
Georgian peers. In the 1926 census, Adjarians were categorized as a distinct ethnic group. In the 1939 census, they were included in the same category as Georgians. Since
2171:
771:. The treaty required that Achara would have "administrative autonomy and the right to develop its own culture, its own religion, and its own agrarian regime". However, the
905:. Christianization of some Adjarians also took place, especially among the young, under the government of Zviad Gamsakhurdia. However, most Adjarians, particularly around
2179:
1256:
3010:
843:
led to Aslan
Abashidze stepping down from his post after thousands of Adjarians protested against his rule in Batumi in May 2004, with Georgian President
2369:
780:. The armed uprising began in the mountainous regions of Adjara in April 1929. Soviet troops were deployed in response and swiftly quelled the revolt.
1594:
740:
was signed, under which
Georgia was forced to cede Adjara to the Ottoman Empire. However, due to the Ottoman defeat in the First World War and the
2104:
1630:
1412:
1299:
1228:
1192:
1120:
1086:
Indeed, the
Turkish language has not disappeared from remote rural or mountainous areas of Adjaria, where the elders still speak it fluently.
898:
645:
2186:
1347:"The Unbearable Lightness of Being Muslim and Georgian: Religious Transformation and Questions of Identity among Adjara's Muslim Georgians"
777:
3005:
536:
760:
1616:
828:
706:
1749:
772:
447:
391:
31:
1896:"Religious Revival and Deprivatization in Post-Soviet Georgia: Reculturation of Orthodox Christianity and Deculturation of Islam"
824:
894:
799:
721:. However, Russian authorities then tried to win the loyalty of Adjarians by building mosques and madrassas. As a result, many
2362:
752:
462:
1943:
2337:
1487:"South-Western Georgia (Ajara) within the Geostrategic Interests of the Ottoman Empire in the First Quarter of XX Century"
695:
433:
2967:
756:
729:
633:
512:
337:
624:, Adjara was granted autonomy, to protect its Muslim faith. Despite their conversion to Islam, Adjarians have kept the
356:
1346:
2893:
2846:
1844:
1741:
875:, Adjarians, who were Muslims, were allowed to leave for Turkey. This was followed by an influx of Christians from
784:
457:
452:
346:
2597:
2355:
933:
2436:
2045:
641:
565:
442:
135:
2140:
1180:
678:
Adjarians, like other sub-ethnical groups of Georgians, have historically followed Christianity. Although the
2563:
2548:
2391:
1291:
883:
872:
859:
755:
on July 20, 1920. It was granted autonomy under the Georgian constitution adopted in February 1921 when the
714:
679:
529:
709:, many Adjarians fought on the side of the Turks. The Ottomans were forced to cede Adjara to the expanding
2443:
925:
1692:
2458:
941:
1762:
1486:
831:, he unilaterally took power without formal agreement and started to withhold tax revenue and capture
2957:
1740:
Peter Malcolm Holt, Ann K. S. Lambton, Bernard Lewis (1977), The Cambridge history of Islam, p. 639.
988:
649:
488:
405:
361:
1215:
1000:
976:
844:
2932:
2841:
2824:
2767:
2209:
1971:
1924:
1674:
1572:
1533:
1525:
921:
840:
820:
648:, most Adjarians consider themselves Georgians, but some Georgians have seen Muslim Adjarians as
578:
522:
396:
227:
1057:
2239:
2947:
2883:
2836:
2503:
2204:
2160:
2127:
2100:
1963:
1916:
1860:
1745:
1626:
1408:
1295:
1224:
1188:
1116:
1077:
957:
929:
832:
687:
665:
625:
590:
554:
419:
386:
366:
208:
114:
90:
1185:
After the USSR: Ethnicity, Nationalism and Politics in the Commonwealth of Independent States
1109:
The Political Landscape of Georgia: Political Parties: Achievements, Challenges and Prospects
2952:
2742:
2635:
2558:
2553:
2543:
2426:
2221:
2152:
2092:
1955:
1908:
1852:
1666:
1564:
1517:
1176:
1069:
965:
741:
424:
414:
371:
351:
118:
1991:"Refworld | World Directory of Minorities and Indigenous Peoples - Georgia : Ajarians"
670:
3000:
2814:
2727:
2717:
2712:
2660:
2640:
2568:
2431:
1217:
The Geography of Ethnic Violence: Identity, Interests, and the Indivisibility of Territory
1035:
However, many Adjarians have converted to Christianity since the fall of the Soviet Union.
1026:
Also spelled Adjars, Adjarans, Achars, Acharans, Acharians, Ajars, Ajarians, Adzhars, etc.
984:
953:
902:
815:
811:
745:
737:
683:
629:
493:
110:
76:
30:
This article is about Adjarians only. For other ethnic Georgians of the Muslim faith, see
2927:
2920:
2903:
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2508:
2491:
2468:
2404:
2115:
2058:
1368:
1281:
807:
764:
733:
710:
621:
617:
376:
698:
converted first. Adjarians were fully Islamized by the end of the eighteenth century.
2994:
2910:
2888:
2707:
2697:
2692:
2687:
2655:
2645:
2580:
2453:
2416:
1975:
1928:
1537:
972:
862:
with an expedited application process, perceived as Russian interference by Georgia.
653:
498:
917:, as of 2006, many Adjarians are Muslims but consider themselves ethnic Georgians.
2979:
2972:
2752:
2737:
2722:
2630:
2615:
2575:
2528:
2496:
2476:
2249:
1944:"Azeris and Muslim Ajarians in Georgia: The Swing between Tolerance and Alienation"
980:
910:
768:
637:
598:
467:
155:
2587:
2015:
1670:
1568:
1521:
1402:
1285:
2757:
2677:
2670:
2620:
2294:
2289:
2274:
2156:
1990:
1211:
702:
323:
288:
283:
131:
66:
1107:
2942:
2915:
2775:
2702:
2610:
2324:
2279:
2264:
2259:
2244:
1912:
1103:
1073:
1006:
914:
855:
472:
328:
268:
263:
253:
184:
151:
2164:
2131:
1967:
1920:
1864:
1081:
694:
during the 200 years of Ottoman presence in the 16th and 17th centuries. The
2793:
2513:
2399:
2284:
2213:
851:
803:
582:
278:
222:
172:
2853:
1590:
2096:
1506:"Why Autonomy? The Making of Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Region 1918-1925"
2878:
2665:
2486:
2411:
2304:
2254:
1845:"The South Ossetia Conflict: Collision of Georgian and Russian Interests"
968:
920:
According to the 2014 census, Muslims make up 94.6% of the population in
503:
293:
1856:
1678:
1654:
1576:
1552:
1529:
1505:
17:
2937:
2873:
2831:
2732:
2682:
2605:
2518:
2481:
1959:
887:
876:
722:
718:
602:
273:
2962:
2533:
2523:
2448:
2309:
2269:
1622:
937:
798:
There was a resurgence of the Adjarian religious identity during the
788:
606:
586:
381:
318:
313:
98:
94:
2347:
2048:, Berkeley Institute of Slavic, East European, and Eurasian Studies.
1351:
Region: Regional Studies of Russia, Eastern Europe, and Central Asia
1829:
1779:
1655:"Batum as Domino, 1919â1920: The Defence of India in Transcaucasia"
1553:"Batum as Domino, 1919â1920: The Defence of India in Transcaucasia"
1315:
593:. Adjarian settlements are also found in the Georgian provinces of
2819:
2809:
2421:
2319:
2314:
2299:
2234:
1003:, ethnic Georgians in Turkey many of whom are of Adjarian heritage
961:
960:
related to the one spoken in the neighboring northern province of
906:
836:
691:
669:
613:
594:
308:
303:
298:
258:
248:
147:
2141:"Muslim Communities of Georgia: Old Problems and New Challenges"
2120:
ALPPI Annual of Language & Politics and Politics of Identity
2351:
2175:
1181:"People with Nowhere To Go: The Plight of the Meskhetian Turks"
847:
symbolically proclaiming "Abashidze has fled, Adjara is free".
1316:"Toward Inclusion: Understanding the Path to Unity in Georgia"
783:
The Georgian population of Adjara had been generally known as
717:. Russian authorities initially promoted emigration and many
640:
is ambiguous as their Islamic background is at odds with the
1893:
Köksal, Pınar; AydıngĂŒn, AyĆegĂŒl; GĂŒrsoy, Hazar Ege (2019).
1876:
1874:
1763:"The Population of the Soviet Union: History and Prospects"
1468:
1466:
1464:
1462:
1460:
1447:
1445:
1443:
1430:
1428:
1426:
1424:
971:. Adjarian also possesses many features in common with the
736:
invaded Georgia and captured Batumi. On 4 June 1918, the
1712:
1710:
1618:
The Experiment: Georgia's Forgotten Revolution 1918-1921
2089:
The Politics of Ethnic Separatism in Russia and Georgia
1144:
1142:
1140:
1138:
1136:
1134:
1132:
802:. Islamic religious practice became the cultural norm,
1159:
1157:
55:
2044:
Berkeley Program in Soviet and Post-Soviet Studies.
879:, resulting in a change of the religious landscape.
2866:
2802:
2784:
2766:
2596:
2467:
2390:
2383:
2220:
141:
125:
104:
84:
47:
1894:
1009:, Kartvelian-speaking ethnic subgroup of Georgians
1401:Bennigsen, Alexandre; Wimbush, S. Enders (1986).
944:Muslims make up a minority with 25.4% and 28.8%.
1989:Refugees, United Nations High Commissioner for.
751:The British administration ceded Adjara to the
2040:George Sanikidze and Edward W. Walker (2004),
1187:. University of Wisconsin Press. p. 195.
558:
49:
2363:
2187:
2116:"Transforming Identity of Ajarian Population"
1693:"Constitution Of Georgia (1921), Article 107"
605:, as well as in several areas of neighboring
530:
8:
882:While the Russian authorities supported the
42:
1843:German, Tracey C.; Bloch, Benjamin (2006).
1451:
1223:. Princeton University Press. p. 108.
1098:
1096:
1094:
2387:
2370:
2356:
2348:
2194:
2180:
2172:
1206:
1204:
537:
523:
163:
65:
41:
1880:
1780:"Adjara Celebrates Abashidze's Departure"
1595:National Parliamentary Library of Georgia
1472:
1434:
1407:. Indiana University Press. p. 207.
858:, benefit from a special regime to claim
2059:"Religious composition of Georgia 2014"
2042:Islam and Islamic Practices in Georgia.
1048:
1019:
480:
432:
404:
336:
235:
214:
202:
171:
2114:Hoch, TomĂĄĆĄ; KopeÄek, Vincent (2011).
1816:
1804:
1792:
1728:
1716:
1388:
1243:
1163:
1148:
728:Adjara became part of the independent
1404:Muslims of the Soviet Empire: A Guide
1115:. Eburon Uitgeverij B.V. p. 10.
1056:Balci, Bayram; Motika, Raoul (2007).
767:, between the Ottoman Empire and the
732:in 1918. However, in April 1918, the
719:Adjarians moved to the Ottoman Empire
690:, many Adjarians chose to convert to
7:
987:to Georgian and are included in the
85:Regions with significant populations
1106:; Scholtbach, Ălvaro Pinto (2006).
810:sounded from mosques. Local leader
3011:Ethnic groups in Georgia (country)
2139:Sanikidze, George (1 April 2018).
1345:Zviadadze, Sophie (January 2018).
25:
759:. Achara joined the territory of
2203:
1659:The International History Review
1557:The International History Review
183:
1058:"Islam in post-Soviet Georgia1"
682:allowed its subjects extensive
27:Ethnographic group of Georgians
1504:Saparov, ArsĂšne (March 2012).
1485:Varshalomidze, Archil (2019).
1177:Khazanov, Anatoly Michailovich
753:Democratic Republic of Georgia
570:
1:
2338:Ethnic groups in the Caucasus
1671:10.1080/07075332.1980.9640214
1569:10.1080/07075332.1980.9640214
1287:The Caucasus: An Introduction
1257:"Ajarians | Encyclopedia.com"
2968:Ashkali and Balkan Egyptians
2145:Islamophobia Studies Journal
1653:Rose, John D. (April 1980).
1551:Rose, John D. (April 1980).
1522:10.1080/09668136.2011.642583
895:collapse of the Soviet Union
833:Adjara's considerable wealth
730:Georgian Democratic Republic
2157:10.13169/islastudj.4.2.0247
1695:. Matiane. 4 September 2012
56:
3027:
3006:Islam in Georgia (country)
1742:Cambridge University Press
1625:: ZED Books. p. 135.
1491:Herald of Oriental Studies
663:
620:of Adjara. Under the 1921
75: Distribution of the
29:
2333:
2087:George, Julie A. (2009).
1913:10.1017/S1755048318000585
1830:"Abashidze Flees Georgia"
1074:10.1080/02634930701702399
934:Khelvachauri Municipality
559:
215:Ancient Kartvelian people
146:
130:
109:
89:
64:
50:
2046:University of California
1942:Kahraman, Alter (2021).
1851:. Printemps (1): 51â64.
778:collectivization reforms
757:Red Army invaded Georgia
443:Georgian Orthodox Church
136:Georgian Orthodox Church
1761:Lorimer, Frank (1946).
1452:Hoch & KopeÄek 2011
1292:Oxford University Press
964:, but with a number of
890:, came back to Adjara.
884:Russian Orthodox Church
800:dissolution of the USSR
773:Soviet atheist ideology
674:Adjarian men's clothing
612:Adjarians converted to
2210:Ethnographic subgroups
2091:. Palgrave Macmillan.
1591:"ááááá áááášáá«á (áááá)"
926:Shuakhevi Municipality
814:leveraged the ongoing
787:until the 1926 Soviet
675:
2097:10.1057/9780230102323
2020:Minority Rights Group
1901:Politics and Religion
942:Kobuleti Municipality
899:Georgian independence
725:came back to Adjara.
701:During the 1853â1856
680:Ottoman millet system
673:
646:Georgian independence
142:Related ethnic groups
1948:Nationalities Papers
1261:www.encyclopedia.com
1062:Central Asian Survey
158:and other Georgians
2063:pop-stat.mashke.org
1857:10.3917/pe.061.0051
1849:Politique Ă©trangĂšre
1819:, pp. 122â123.
1510:Europe-Asia Studies
1369:"Culture of Adjara"
989:Kartvelian language
860:Russian citizenship
845:Mikheil Saakashvili
638:self-identification
167:Part of a series on
44:
2847:in the Netherlands
2437:in the Netherlands
1960:10.1017/nps.2020.7
1615:Lee, Eric (2017).
1391:, pp. 99â100.
1212:Toft, Monica Duffy
922:Khulo Municipality
841:2004 Adjara crisis
821:Georgian Civil War
713:in 1878 under the
705:and the 1877â1878
676:
579:ethnographic group
513:History of Georgia
2988:
2987:
2948:Megleno-Romanians
2862:
2861:
2378:Muslims in Europe
2345:
2344:
2106:978-0-230-61359-1
1632:978-1-78699-092-1
1414:978-0-253-33958-4
1322:. 11 October 2023
1301:978-0-19-068311-5
1230:978-0-691-12383-7
1194:978-0-299-14894-2
1122:978-90-5972-113-5
930:Keda Municipality
806:reopened and the
707:Russo-Turkish War
688:religious freedom
666:History of Adjara
630:their own dialect
626:Georgian language
589:in south-western
573:), also known as
547:
546:
489:St George's Cross
162:
161:
115:Georgian language
16:(Redirected from
3018:
2564:Western Thracian
2388:
2372:
2365:
2358:
2349:
2222:Ethnic Georgians
2208:
2207:
2196:
2189:
2182:
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2168:
2135:
2110:
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2073:
2071:
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2012:
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2001:
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1621:(1st ed.).
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1100:
1089:
1088:
1053:
1036:
1033:
1027:
1024:
958:Georgian dialect
952:Adjarians speak
901:first led to an
873:Treaty of Berlin
785:Muslim Georgians
742:Treaty of Mudros
715:Treaty of Berlin
575:Muslim Georgians
572:
569:
562:
561:
539:
532:
525:
187:
178:
164:
119:Turkish language
74:
69:
59:
53:
52:
45:
32:Muslim Georgians
21:
3026:
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3021:
3020:
3019:
3017:
3016:
3015:
2991:
2990:
2989:
2984:
2858:
2798:
2780:
2762:
2598:North Caucasian
2592:
2504:Dobrujan Tatars
2463:
2379:
2376:
2346:
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2329:
2216:
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2200:
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2014:
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2009:
1999:
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1988:
1987:
1983:
1941:
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1471:
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1371:
1367:
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1344:
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1339:
1325:
1323:
1314:
1313:
1309:
1302:
1294:. p. 149.
1282:de Waal, Thomas
1280:
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1101:
1092:
1055:
1054:
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1045:
1040:
1039:
1034:
1030:
1025:
1021:
1016:
997:
950:
913:. According to
903:Islamic revival
868:
850:Ajarians, like
825:War in Abkhazia
816:Islamic revival
812:Aslan Abashidze
791:listed them as
763:under the 1921
746:Memed Abashidze
738:Treaty of Batum
684:self-governance
668:
662:
636:. Still, their
564:
543:
494:Grapevine cross
453:Catholic Church
198:
194:
190:
176:
175:
134:
111:Adjaran dialect
80:
79:
77:Adjaran dialect
72:
60:
40:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3024:
3022:
3014:
3013:
3008:
3003:
2993:
2992:
2986:
2985:
2983:
2982:
2977:
2976:
2975:
2970:
2965:
2955:
2950:
2945:
2940:
2935:
2930:
2925:
2924:
2923:
2918:
2908:
2907:
2906:
2901:
2891:
2886:
2881:
2876:
2870:
2868:
2864:
2863:
2860:
2859:
2857:
2856:
2851:
2850:
2849:
2844:
2839:
2829:
2828:
2827:
2822:
2817:
2806:
2804:
2800:
2799:
2797:
2796:
2790:
2788:
2782:
2781:
2779:
2778:
2772:
2770:
2764:
2763:
2761:
2760:
2755:
2750:
2745:
2740:
2735:
2730:
2725:
2720:
2715:
2710:
2705:
2700:
2695:
2690:
2685:
2680:
2675:
2674:
2673:
2663:
2658:
2653:
2648:
2643:
2638:
2633:
2628:
2623:
2618:
2613:
2608:
2602:
2600:
2594:
2593:
2591:
2590:
2585:
2584:
2583:
2573:
2572:
2571:
2566:
2561:
2556:
2551:
2546:
2536:
2531:
2526:
2521:
2516:
2511:
2509:Finnish Tatars
2506:
2501:
2500:
2499:
2492:Crimean Tatars
2489:
2484:
2479:
2473:
2471:
2465:
2464:
2462:
2461:
2456:
2451:
2446:
2441:
2440:
2439:
2434:
2429:
2419:
2414:
2409:
2408:
2407:
2405:Cham Albanians
2396:
2394:
2385:
2381:
2380:
2377:
2375:
2374:
2367:
2360:
2352:
2343:
2342:
2334:
2331:
2330:
2328:
2327:
2322:
2317:
2312:
2307:
2302:
2297:
2292:
2287:
2282:
2277:
2272:
2267:
2262:
2257:
2252:
2247:
2242:
2237:
2232:
2226:
2224:
2218:
2217:
2201:
2199:
2198:
2191:
2184:
2176:
2170:
2169:
2151:(2): 247â265.
2136:
2111:
2105:
2082:
2079:
2076:
2075:
2050:
2033:
2022:. 19 June 2015
2007:
1981:
1954:(2): 308â325.
1934:
1907:(2): 317â345.
1885:
1883:, p. 255.
1881:Sanikidze 2018
1870:
1835:
1821:
1809:
1807:, p. 175.
1797:
1795:, p. 123.
1785:
1771:
1753:
1733:
1731:, p. 100.
1721:
1719:, p. 105.
1706:
1684:
1645:
1631:
1607:
1582:
1543:
1496:
1477:
1475:, p. 250.
1473:Sanikidze 2018
1456:
1439:
1437:, p. 249.
1435:Sanikidze 2018
1420:
1413:
1393:
1381:
1360:
1337:
1307:
1300:
1290:(2 ed.).
1273:
1248:
1246:, p. 183.
1236:
1229:
1200:
1193:
1168:
1153:
1151:, p. 121.
1128:
1121:
1090:
1068:(3): 335â353.
1047:
1046:
1044:
1041:
1038:
1037:
1028:
1018:
1017:
1015:
1012:
1011:
1010:
1004:
996:
993:
949:
946:
867:
864:
808:call to prayer
765:Treaty of Kars
761:Soviet Georgia
734:Ottoman Empire
711:Russian Empire
664:Main article:
661:
658:
642:Orthodox faith
622:Treaty of Kars
585:indigenous to
545:
544:
542:
541:
534:
527:
519:
516:
515:
509:
508:
507:
506:
501:
496:
491:
483:
482:
478:
477:
476:
475:
470:
465:
460:
455:
450:
445:
437:
436:
430:
429:
428:
427:
422:
417:
415:Writing system
409:
408:
402:
401:
400:
399:
394:
389:
384:
379:
374:
369:
364:
359:
354:
349:
341:
340:
334:
333:
332:
331:
326:
321:
316:
311:
306:
301:
296:
291:
286:
281:
276:
271:
266:
261:
256:
251:
246:
238:
237:
233:
232:
231:
230:
225:
217:
216:
212:
211:
205:
204:
200:
199:
188:
180:
179:
169:
168:
160:
159:
144:
143:
139:
138:
128:
127:
123:
122:
107:
106:
102:
101:
87:
86:
82:
81:
71:
70:
62:
61:
48:
38:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3023:
3012:
3009:
3007:
3004:
3002:
2999:
2998:
2996:
2981:
2978:
2974:
2971:
2969:
2966:
2964:
2961:
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2897:
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2833:
2830:
2826:
2823:
2821:
2818:
2816:
2813:
2812:
2811:
2808:
2807:
2805:
2801:
2795:
2792:
2791:
2789:
2787:
2783:
2777:
2774:
2773:
2771:
2769:
2765:
2759:
2756:
2754:
2751:
2749:
2746:
2744:
2741:
2739:
2736:
2734:
2731:
2729:
2726:
2724:
2721:
2719:
2716:
2714:
2711:
2709:
2706:
2704:
2701:
2699:
2696:
2694:
2691:
2689:
2686:
2684:
2681:
2679:
2676:
2672:
2669:
2668:
2667:
2664:
2662:
2659:
2657:
2654:
2652:
2649:
2647:
2644:
2642:
2639:
2637:
2634:
2632:
2629:
2627:
2624:
2622:
2619:
2617:
2614:
2612:
2609:
2607:
2604:
2603:
2601:
2599:
2595:
2589:
2586:
2582:
2581:Mishar Tatars
2579:
2578:
2577:
2574:
2570:
2567:
2565:
2562:
2560:
2557:
2555:
2552:
2550:
2547:
2545:
2542:
2541:
2540:
2537:
2535:
2532:
2530:
2527:
2525:
2522:
2520:
2517:
2515:
2512:
2510:
2507:
2505:
2502:
2498:
2495:
2494:
2493:
2490:
2488:
2485:
2483:
2480:
2478:
2475:
2474:
2472:
2470:
2466:
2460:
2457:
2455:
2452:
2450:
2447:
2445:
2442:
2438:
2435:
2433:
2430:
2428:
2425:
2424:
2423:
2420:
2418:
2415:
2413:
2410:
2406:
2403:
2402:
2401:
2398:
2397:
2395:
2393:
2392:Indo-European
2389:
2386:
2382:
2373:
2368:
2366:
2361:
2359:
2354:
2353:
2350:
2340:
2339:
2332:
2326:
2323:
2321:
2318:
2316:
2313:
2311:
2308:
2306:
2303:
2301:
2298:
2296:
2293:
2291:
2288:
2286:
2283:
2281:
2278:
2276:
2273:
2271:
2268:
2266:
2263:
2261:
2258:
2256:
2253:
2251:
2248:
2246:
2243:
2241:
2238:
2236:
2233:
2231:
2228:
2227:
2225:
2223:
2219:
2215:
2211:
2206:
2197:
2192:
2190:
2185:
2183:
2178:
2177:
2174:
2166:
2162:
2158:
2154:
2150:
2146:
2142:
2137:
2133:
2129:
2125:
2121:
2117:
2112:
2108:
2102:
2098:
2094:
2090:
2085:
2084:
2080:
2064:
2060:
2054:
2051:
2047:
2043:
2037:
2034:
2021:
2017:
2011:
2008:
1996:
1992:
1985:
1982:
1977:
1973:
1969:
1965:
1961:
1957:
1953:
1949:
1945:
1938:
1935:
1930:
1926:
1922:
1918:
1914:
1910:
1906:
1902:
1897:
1889:
1886:
1882:
1877:
1875:
1871:
1866:
1862:
1858:
1854:
1850:
1846:
1839:
1836:
1832:. 6 May 2004.
1831:
1825:
1822:
1818:
1813:
1810:
1806:
1801:
1798:
1794:
1789:
1786:
1782:. 6 May 2004.
1781:
1775:
1772:
1764:
1757:
1754:
1751:
1750:0-521-29136-4
1747:
1743:
1737:
1734:
1730:
1725:
1722:
1718:
1713:
1711:
1707:
1694:
1688:
1685:
1680:
1676:
1672:
1668:
1664:
1660:
1656:
1649:
1646:
1634:
1628:
1624:
1620:
1619:
1611:
1608:
1596:
1592:
1586:
1583:
1578:
1574:
1570:
1566:
1562:
1558:
1554:
1547:
1544:
1539:
1535:
1531:
1527:
1523:
1519:
1515:
1511:
1507:
1500:
1497:
1492:
1488:
1481:
1478:
1474:
1469:
1467:
1465:
1463:
1461:
1457:
1453:
1448:
1446:
1444:
1440:
1436:
1431:
1429:
1427:
1425:
1421:
1416:
1410:
1406:
1405:
1397:
1394:
1390:
1385:
1382:
1370:
1364:
1361:
1356:
1352:
1348:
1341:
1338:
1334:
1321:
1320:Civil Georgia
1317:
1311:
1308:
1303:
1297:
1293:
1289:
1288:
1283:
1277:
1274:
1262:
1258:
1252:
1249:
1245:
1240:
1237:
1232:
1226:
1219:
1218:
1213:
1207:
1205:
1201:
1196:
1190:
1186:
1182:
1178:
1172:
1169:
1166:, p. 23.
1165:
1160:
1158:
1154:
1150:
1145:
1143:
1141:
1139:
1137:
1135:
1133:
1129:
1124:
1118:
1111:
1110:
1105:
1099:
1097:
1095:
1091:
1087:
1083:
1079:
1075:
1071:
1067:
1063:
1059:
1052:
1049:
1042:
1032:
1029:
1023:
1020:
1013:
1008:
1005:
1002:
999:
998:
994:
992:
990:
986:
983:), which are
982:
978:
974:
973:Zan languages
970:
967:
963:
959:
955:
947:
945:
943:
939:
935:
932:and 56.3% in
931:
927:
923:
918:
916:
912:
908:
904:
900:
896:
891:
889:
885:
880:
878:
874:
865:
863:
861:
857:
853:
848:
846:
842:
838:
834:
830:
829:South Ossetia
826:
822:
817:
813:
809:
805:
801:
796:
794:
790:
786:
781:
779:
774:
770:
766:
762:
758:
754:
749:
747:
743:
739:
735:
731:
726:
724:
720:
716:
712:
708:
704:
699:
697:
693:
689:
685:
681:
672:
667:
659:
657:
656:" Georgians.
655:
651:
647:
643:
639:
635:
631:
627:
623:
619:
615:
610:
608:
604:
600:
596:
592:
588:
584:
580:
576:
567:
556:
552:
540:
535:
533:
528:
526:
521:
520:
518:
517:
514:
511:
510:
505:
502:
500:
499:Bolnisi cross
497:
495:
492:
490:
487:
486:
485:
484:
479:
474:
471:
469:
466:
464:
461:
459:
456:
454:
451:
449:
446:
444:
441:
440:
439:
438:
435:
431:
426:
423:
421:
418:
416:
413:
412:
411:
410:
407:
403:
398:
395:
393:
390:
388:
385:
383:
380:
378:
375:
373:
370:
368:
365:
363:
360:
358:
355:
353:
350:
348:
345:
344:
343:
342:
339:
335:
330:
327:
325:
322:
320:
317:
315:
312:
310:
307:
305:
302:
300:
297:
295:
292:
290:
287:
285:
282:
280:
277:
275:
272:
270:
267:
265:
262:
260:
257:
255:
252:
250:
247:
245:
242:
241:
240:
239:
234:
229:
226:
224:
221:
220:
219:
218:
213:
210:
207:
206:
201:
197:
193:
186:
182:
181:
174:
170:
166:
165:
157:
153:
149:
145:
140:
137:
133:
129:
124:
120:
116:
112:
108:
103:
100:
96:
92:
88:
83:
78:
68:
63:
58:
46:
37:
33:
19:
2973:Crimean Roma
2898:
2576:Volga Tatars
2529:Lipka Tatars
2497:Crimean Roma
2477:Azerbaijanis
2335:
2285:Lechkhumians
2250:Imerkhevians
2229:
2148:
2144:
2126:(5): 57â72.
2123:
2119:
2088:
2066:. Retrieved
2062:
2053:
2041:
2036:
2024:. Retrieved
2019:
2010:
1998:. Retrieved
1994:
1984:
1951:
1947:
1937:
1904:
1900:
1888:
1848:
1838:
1824:
1812:
1800:
1788:
1774:
1756:
1736:
1724:
1697:. Retrieved
1687:
1662:
1658:
1648:
1636:. Retrieved
1617:
1610:
1598:. Retrieved
1585:
1560:
1556:
1546:
1513:
1509:
1499:
1490:
1480:
1454:, p. 7.
1403:
1396:
1384:
1372:. Retrieved
1363:
1354:
1350:
1340:
1331:
1324:. Retrieved
1319:
1310:
1286:
1276:
1264:. Retrieved
1260:
1251:
1239:
1216:
1184:
1171:
1108:
1085:
1065:
1061:
1051:
1031:
1022:
951:
919:
911:Sunni Muslim
892:
881:
869:
849:
797:
792:
782:
750:
727:
700:
677:
650:second-class
618:Ottoman rule
611:
599:Kvemo Kartli
574:
550:
548:
468:Saint George
448:Christianity
392:Architecture
279:Lechkhumians
243:
195:
191:
156:Imerkhevians
39:Ethnic group
36:
2678:Circassians
2305:Mtiuletians
2295:Mingrelians
2290:Meskhetians
2275:Khevsurians
1817:George 2009
1805:George 2009
1793:George 2009
1729:George 2009
1717:George 2009
1699:5 September
1638:5 September
1389:George 2009
1244:George 2009
1164:George 2009
1149:George 2009
1104:Nodia, Ghia
928:, 62.1% in
924:, 74.4% in
835:. The Head
703:Crimean War
616:during the
362:Calligraphy
324:Khevsurians
294:Mtiuletians
289:Meskhetians
284:Mingrelians
132:Sunni Islam
2995:Categories
2943:Pakistanis
2933:Macedonian
2916:Vallahades
2842:in Belgium
2768:Kartvelian
2743:Tabasarans
2611:Abkhazians
2559:Meskhetian
2549:Dodecanese
2427:in Germany
2336:See Also:
2325:Tushetians
2265:Kakhetians
2260:Javakhians
2245:Imeretians
2026:25 October
2016:"Ajarians"
2000:25 October
1665:(2): 286.
1563:(2): 266.
1516:(2): 284.
1326:26 January
1266:25 October
1043:References
1007:Laz people
1001:Chveneburi
977:Mingrelian
915:Ghia Nodia
856:Abkhazians
654:Turkicized
634:traditions
571:ach'arlebi
473:Saint Nino
329:Javakhians
269:Kakhetians
264:Tushetians
254:Imeretians
192:Kartvelian
177:á„áá ááááááá
121:(minority)
2953:Ossetians
2938:Maghrebis
2928:Hemshenis
2899:Adjarians
2894:Georgians
2884:Bulgarian
2837:in France
2815:in Europe
2794:Besermyan
2718:Khwarshis
2713:Khinalugs
2661:Chamalals
2641:Bagvalals
2514:Karachays
2432:in France
2400:Albanians
2310:Pshavians
2270:Kartlians
2240:Heretians
2230:Adjarians
2214:Georgians
2165:2325-8381
2132:1803-1757
1976:225548999
1968:0090-5992
1929:150339133
1921:1755-0483
1865:0032-342X
1538:154783461
1082:0263-4937
969:loanwords
909:, remain
852:Ossetians
804:madrassas
793:Adjarians
583:Georgians
577:, are an
566:romanized
551:Adjarians
406:Languages
397:Mythology
319:Kartlians
314:Pshavians
244:Adjarians
236:Subgroups
223:Colchians
173:Georgians
105:Languages
43:Adjarians
2904:Ingiloys
2879:Bengalis
2867:Minority
2825:in Spain
2748:Tsakhurs
2666:Chechens
2626:Akhvakhs
2487:Bashkirs
2412:Bosniaks
2384:Majority
2315:Rachians
2300:Mokheves
2255:Ingiloys
2068:29 March
1995:Refworld
1679:40105753
1577:40105753
1530:41478346
1357:(1): 36.
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948:Language
866:Religion
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560:áááá áááá
555:Georgian
504:Borjgali
434:Religion
420:Dialects
387:Calendar
309:Rachians
299:Mokheves
228:Iberians
126:Religion
93:(mainly
57:AÄarlebi
51:áááá áááá
18:Adjarian
2874:Afghans
2832:Berbers
2733:Lezgins
2683:Dargins
2651:Botlikh
2606:Abazins
2544:Cypriot
2519:Kazakhs
2482:Balkars
2444:Muslims
2235:Gurians
2081:Sources
1600:27 July
1374:27 July
991:group.
985:sisters
966:Turkish
888:Muhacir
877:Kakheti
723:muhacir
660:History
603:Kakheti
591:Georgia
481:Symbols
463:Judaism
425:Grammar
372:Cuisine
338:Culture
274:Ingiloy
259:Gurians
209:Georgia
148:Gurians
91:Georgia
3001:Adjara
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2958:Romani
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2889:Croats
2854:Dönmeh
2786:Uralic
2753:Tindis
2738:Rutuls
2708:Karata
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2688:Hinukh
2656:Budukh
2646:Bezhta
2631:Archis
2616:Aghuls
2588:YörĂŒks
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789:census
632:) and
628:(with
607:Turkey
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587:Adjara
557::
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377:Dances
367:Cinema
203:Nation
196:people
99:Turkey
95:Adjara
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2980:Serbs
2911:Greek
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2810:Arabs
2803:Other
2723:Kryts
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2569:Other
2539:Turks
2422:Kurds
2320:Svans
1972:S2CID
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1766:(PDF)
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1573:JSTOR
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1014:Notes
962:Guria
936:. In
907:Khulo
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692:Islam
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595:Guria
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357:Sport
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304:Svans
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