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694:. A circular wall encloses the two peaks of the hill, creating a double acropolis with a shallow saddle in between. Very little is still to be seen at the site; most of the circular wall is lost, the most striking part being located along the southwestern slope with several foundations of towers. Béquignon indicates that there were remains of house foundations on mainly the northern peak at the time of his visit in the 1920s.
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to a limited degree. No remains of structures other than the circuit wall has been noted. The strategic importance of the fortifications are not to be underestimated since the location dominates the upper plain of the valley as well as the confluence of the
Spercheios with its tributary, the Papagourna.
563:
Stählin, visiting the site in the early 1910s, wrote that it is impossible to see whether the site was inhabited in
Antiquity due to later agricultural use of the hill. He was only able to find traces of reddish pottery at the location, which he dated to the Hellenistic period. Béquignon, a couple of
444:
which is still visible further up the mountain. Apart from some fortifications and inscriptions, very little of the ancient town is visible today; travelers in the early 20th century noted ancient blocks and slabs built into the modern houses, but most of these were probably destroyed when the German
548:
An elongated hill near the village of Vitoli (Βίτολη) bears the name 'astrorachi (Καστρόραχη, "castle ridge"), and on its top there are remains of a wall with many towers as well as an impressive gate. The wall encompasses the whole hill, which bears the shape of a skewed "T", and is only preserved
309:
to wander the Greek peninsula until they finally settled in the upper Valley of
Spercheios. According to Plutarch, when the Ainianians finally settled in what would become Ainis, the land was already occupied by the Inachians and the Achaeans. Phemios, king of the Ainianians, however, killed
453:. The commanding tower on the acropolis is of a later date, built in the Middle Ages. The political area of Hypata probably extended far north on the river plain, which is also mentioned in several inscriptions. A road over Mount Oeta led southward from Hypata towards
273:
Most of Ainis consists today of a fertile river plain; whether this was the case during
Antiquity does however remain uncertain. As with Greece in general, there is some seismic activity with hot springs close to the village of
713:
Stählin, Béquignon and Roux all date the remains at
Profitis Ilias to the Hellenistic period (late 4th-early 2nd century B.C.E.), a view supported by finds from excavations conducted by the local ephorate of the
621:. A circular wall stretches around a plateau between two ravines. The view is quite commanding; all known sites in Ainis are visible from this location, making it a place of strategic importance.
698:
In the foothills and at the plain below the hill, Georges Roux in 1954 noted remains of a possible lower city, as well as some epigraphical material in the nearby village of
829:
430:
The "capital" of Ainis, Hypata (Ὑπάτα), was located at the modern town of Ypati on the northern slope of Mount Oeta; the name is probably derived from a corruption of
702:. Roux and most other scholars of the early 20th century interpreted the remains at Profitis Ilias as the remains of Makra Kōmē (Μακρὰ Κώμη), briefly mentioned in
440:, meaning "near the Mount Oeta"). The ancient city was probably divided in a lower fortified city located approximately at the modern location of the town, and an
633:
was found here in around 1973, no other finds have been published. Béquignon interpreted the site as a mere observation post and not a position of defense.
668:
603:
534:
410:
242:
in the north. The exact borders with Oitaia and Malis have never been established. The river
Spercheios flows through the region on its way down to the
69:
347:, but apart from Hypate, none has yet been convincingly identified. Moreover, other settlements that were not poleis have been identified, including
475:
takes place in and about Hypata, which at the time of the novel was a thriving Roman city. After the introduction of
Christianity, Hypata became a
1034:
278:. After the introduction of modern heating, the previously bald foothills of the surrounding mountains are now covered with dense thickets of
1019:
964:
183:
718:
at Lamia in the 1970s. This has been contested by some local authors who claim that the hill is the location of the semi-mythical
729:
The site at
Profitis Ilias is currently the subject of an archaeological survey conducted by the 14th Ephorate at Lamia and the
1024:
884:
Das hellenische
Thessalien — Landeskundliche und geschichtliche Beschreibung Thessaliens in der hellenischen und römischen Zeit
647:
310:
Hyparochos king of the
Inachians with a stone while the latter had his head turned, thus winning the region for his people.
908:
513:
1029:
313:
The Ainianians struck coins in Hypata with the head of Zeus on the obverse and the legendary king Phemios on the reverse.
582:
715:
730:
389:
1039:
175:
83:
480:
130:
57:
750:
368:
726:. This is, however, based on philological readings and not supported by any archaeological evidence.
499:("New Patras"), which it kept until the establishment of the modern Greek state in the 19th century.
980:
263:
617:
Just south of Kastrorakhi, up the slope from Fteri, is another site of considerable size, known as
476:
799:
372:
699:
321:
Very little is known of the settlements in ancient Ainis apart from the city of Hypata. Several
275:
999:
625:
The remains at Ano Fteri, as is also the case of Kastrorakhi, has been linked with the ancient
686:(Προφήτης Ηλίας) overlooks most of the lower plains of the Spercheios and guards the pass of
492:
454:
450:
239:
198:
The region takes its name from the tribe of the Ainianians, who dwelt in the area. The name
968:
909:
Aupert Pierre, "Chronique des fouilles et découvertes archéologiques en Grèce en 1977" in
364:
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of Spercheiai, but this theory has yet to be proven. The body of a female statue in
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206:; the only known earlier name of the region was "land of the Aenianians",
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17:
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371:. There are, however, several known sites in the area, mostly of the
344:
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706:, and the nearby town of Varybombi has since changed its name to
950:Αναζητώντασ ίχνη του Ομηρικού Αχιλλέα στην κοιλάδα του Σπερχειού
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630:
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visible from most of the region. To the south lie the peaks of
279:
435:
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814:
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M. F. Papakonstandinou in Aνδρέας Γ. Bλαχόπουλος (ed.),
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decades later, reports that the state of the walls were
682:
Located in the centre of ancient Ainis, the hill of
246:, and is joined in Ainis by its chief tributary the
186:, roughly corresponding to the upper valley of the
114:
104:
89:
79:
35:
923:G. Roux, "Note sur les antiquités de Macra Comè",
798:M. B. Sakellariou, "Between Memory and Oblivion",
552:The location is often associated with the ancient
961:ΙΔ Εφορεία Προϊστορικών και Κλασικών Αρχαιοτήτων
495:; as a consequence, the town changed its name to
74:The valley of Spercheios with Ainis (Aeniania).
301:) that the Ainianians were once expelled from
838:The Princeton encyclopedia of classical sites
8:
979:Makrakomi Archaeological Landscapes Project
774:An inventory of Archaic and Classical poleis
772:M. H. Hansen & T. Heine Nielsen (eds.),
560:, but the identification remains uncertain.
254:mountains, and to the west by a spur of the
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150:
948:Ε. Αδάμας, Τ. Ευθυμίου & Β. Κανέλλος,
487:, Hypata became the refuge of citizens of
250:. The area is limited to the north by the
32:
878:
876:
874:
872:
870:
897:Αρχαιολογία: Εύβοια & Στερεά Ελλάδα
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449:demolished most of the town during the
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66:
54:
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911:Bulletin de correspondance hellénique
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103:
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7:
359:, is also mentioned in a passage by
913:, Vol. 102, livr. 2, 1978. pp. 699.
520:
375:, some of them of urban character.
343:) are mentioned in inscriptions at
939:28 (1973), Chron. p. 280-281, 283.
840:, Princeton University Press 1976.
270:, separated by the river Inachos.
25:
589:
568:, probably due to stone robbing.
355:. A smaller settlement, that of
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672:The location of Profitis Ilias.
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222:Ainis is located in the upper
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1035:Geography of ancient Thessaly
506:Kastrorakhi seen from Vitoli.
62:View of Ainis from Mount Oeta
1020:Historical regions in Greece
716:Greek Archaeological Service
538:The location of Kastrorakhi.
258:mountains, with the peak of
731:Swedish Institute at Athens
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785:H. Kramolisch, "Ainianes"
607:The location of Ano Fteri.
436:
423:
170:
134:
927:vol. 78, pp. 89-94, 1954.
640:View from Profitis Ilias.
493:Slavic invasion of Greece
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67:
55:
45:
39:
363:as being ravaged by the
176:region of ancient Greece
30:Region of Ancient Greece
27:Region of ancient Greece
862:La vallée de Spercheios
226:valley, bordering with
1025:Ancient Central Greece
641:
576:
575:The site at Ano Fteri.
507:
477:Metropolitan bishopric
414:The location of Hypata
383:
1002:at Wikimedia Commons
789:, Brill Online, 2013.
751:Ancient Greece portal
710:as a result of this.
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369:Second Macedonian War
1030:History of Phthiotis
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967:2012-09-06 at the
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481:province of Achaea
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373:Hellenistic period
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998:Media related to
886:, Stuttgart 1924.
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284:prickly pear
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148:Modern Greek
126:
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90:Major cities
544:Kastrorachi
527:Kastrorakhi
367:during the
337:Phyrrhagioi
317:Settlements
260:Tymphrestus
244:Maliac Gulf
204:Roman times
119:Hellenistic
115:Key periods
1009:Categories
937:Arch.Delt.
818:, Band I,1
801:ΜΕΛΕΤΗΜΑΤΑ
737:References
722:, home of
700:Platystomo
688:Giannitsou
558:Spercheiai
357:Makra Kome
353:Spercheiai
333:Korophaioi
276:Platystomo
268:Mount Oiti
224:Spercheios
212:Theopompus
188:Spercheios
182:in modern
98:Spercheiai
47:Region of
708:Makrakomi
613:Ano Fteri
596:Ano Fteri
497:Neopatras
447:Wehrmacht
442:acropolis
432:hypo Oita
365:Aetolians
349:Sosthenis
329:Kapheleis
218:Geography
174:), was a
965:Archived
830:"Hypata"
724:Achilles
692:Thessaly
619:Ellinika
566:mediocre
467:Apuleius
465:Most of
437:ὑπὸ Οἴτα
303:Thessaly
297:writes (
295:Plutarch
171:Αἰνιανία
166:Aeniania
105:Dialects
80:Location
18:Aenianes
459:Aetolia
455:Kallion
307:Lapiths
305:by the
290:History
248:Inachos
228:Dolopia
190:river.
834:et al.
720:Phthia
489:Patras
420:Hypata
403:Hypata
345:Delphi
341:Talana
324:poleis
256:Pindus
252:Othrys
232:Oitaia
152:Αινίδα
94:Hypata
1015:Ainis
1000:Ainis
627:polis
554:polis
483:. In
426:Ypati
236:Malis
200:Ainis
180:Lamia
164:) or
135:Αἰνίς
127:Ainis
109:Doric
40:Αἰνίς
37:Ainis
704:Livy
631:tufa
361:Livy
351:and
339:and
282:and
266:and
194:Name
157:IPA:
139:IPA:
925:BCH
556:of
457:in
280:ivy
214:).
1011::
869:^
845:^
836:,
816:RE
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286:.
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461:.
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