40:
450:
390:
355:
428:
These differences show that agonists have unique mechanisms of action depending on the receptor activated and the response needed. The goal and process remains generally consistent however, with the primary mechanism of action requiring the binding of the agonist and the subsequent changes in
334:
As mentioned above, agonists have the potential to bind in different locations and in different ways depending on the type of agonist and the type of receptor. The process of binding is unique to the receptor-agonist relationship, but binding induces a conformational change and activates the
521:. In general, the narrower this margin, the more likely it is that the drug will produce unwanted effects. The therapeutic index emphasizes the importance of the margin of safety, as distinct from the potency, in determining the usefulness of a drug.
681:
DeWire SM, Yamashita DS, Rominger DH, Liu G, Cowan CL, Graczyk TM, et al. (March 2013). "A G protein-biased ligand at the μ-opioid receptor is potently analgesic with reduced gastrointestinal and respiratory dysfunction compared with morphine".
498:
When a drug is used therapeutically, it is important to understand the margin of safety that exists between the dose needed for the desired effect and the dose that produces unwanted and possibly dangerous side-effects (measured by the
417:, in this case calcium. An aspect demonstrated by the NMDA receptor is that the mechanism or response of agonists can be blocked by a variety of chemical and biological factors. NMDA receptors specifically are blocked by a
401:
is an example of an alternate mechanism of action, as the NMDA receptor requires co-agonists for activation. Rather than simply requiring a single specific agonist, the NMDA receptor requires both the
382:
causes the conformational changes that propagate a signal into the cell. The conformational changes are the primary effect of the agonist, and are related to the agonist's binding affinity and agonist
186:. However, a drug can act as a full agonist in some tissues and as a partial agonist in other tissues, depending upon the relative numbers of receptors and differences in receptor coupling.
386:. Other agonists that bind to this receptor will fall under one of the different categories of agonist mentioned above based on their specific binding affinity and efficacy.
478:
can be measured for a given agonist by determining the concentration of agonist needed to elicit half of the maximum biological response of the agonist. The EC
158:
bind to and activate a receptor with the maximum response that an agonist can elicit at the receptor. One example of a drug that can act as a full agonist is
136:
for a particular receptor is a compound naturally produced by the body that binds to and activates that receptor. For example, the endogenous agonist for
265:
is an agent that binds to the same receptor binding-site as an agonist for that receptor and inhibits the constitutive activity of the receptor.
1168:
490:
value, the greater the potency of the agonist, the lower the concentration of drug that is required to elicit the maximum biological response.
1260:
1225:
467:
125:
306:
is a μ-opioid receptor agonist that has been described to be functionally selective towards G protein and away from β-arrestin2 pathways.
1954:
593:
540:
363:
344:
605:
De Mey JGR, Compeer MG, Meens MJ (2009). "Endothelin-1, an
Endogenous Irreversible Agonist in Search of an Allosteric Inhibitor".
1944:
413:. These co-agonists are both required to induce the conformational change needed for the NMDA receptor to allow flow through the
1884:
1377:
1412:
1939:
1635:
1546:
269:
exert the opposite pharmacological effect of a receptor agonist, not merely an absence of the agonist effect as seen with an
429:
conformation to cause the desired response at the receptor. This response as discussed above can vary from allowing flow of
258:
dependence for this reason, as they produce milder effects on the opioid receptor with lower dependence and abuse potential.
1864:
1489:
515:
318:
antagonists at the same receptor, depending on effector pathways or tissue type. Terms that describe this phenomenon are "
2004:
1984:
1417:
323:
1607:
1999:
1342:
1161:
434:
367:
288:
for the target receptor. It might be argued that the endogenous agonist is simply a partial agonist in that tissue.
1989:
1854:
1602:
1596:
1919:
1621:
560:
406:
21:
1670:
1432:
1427:
1337:
1255:
101:
52:
1806:
1567:
1542:
1477:
1366:
1250:
738:
545:
463:
319:
299:
183:
79:
1914:
1706:
1508:
1185:
1154:
530:
311:
284:
is a term used by some to identify a compound that is capable of producing a greater response than the
1949:
1811:
1721:
1562:
1442:
1210:
997:
637:
292:
179:
784:
Urban JD, Clarke WP, von
Zastrow M, Nichols DE, Kobilka B, Weinstein H, et al. (January 2007).
743:
1994:
1859:
1747:
1716:
1362:
1322:
1245:
565:
535:
270:
167:
63:
874:"Coregulator function: a key to understanding tissue specificity of selective receptor modulators"
295:
is a type of agonist that binds permanently to a receptor through the formation of covalent bonds.
1829:
1779:
1680:
1493:
1472:
1372:
1293:
1205:
813:
766:
707:
550:
402:
371:
285:
247:
206:
133:
43:
Dose response curves of a full agonist, partial agonist, neutral antagonist, and inverse agonist
1824:
1685:
1675:
1503:
1497:
1332:
1133:
1081:
1023:
955:
895:
854:
805:
758:
699:
663:
589:
508:
504:
145:
128:
is a substance that creates the same bodily responses but does not bind to the same receptor.
302:
is an agent that binds to a receptor without affecting the same signal transduction pathway.
1869:
1757:
1752:
1552:
1522:
1308:
1288:
1270:
1123:
1115:
1071:
1063:
1013:
1005:
945:
937:
885:
844:
797:
748:
691:
653:
645:
379:
250:
at the receptor relative to a full agonist, even at maximal receptor occupancy. Agents like
113:
1909:
1784:
1612:
1572:
1557:
1265:
1215:
570:
555:
340:
266:
262:
227:
67:
624:
Rosenbaum DM, Zhang C, Lyons JA, Holl R, Aragao D, Arlow DH, et al. (January 2011).
588:
Goodman and Gilman's Manual of
Pharmacology and Therapeutics. (11th edition, 2008). p14.
1001:
641:
503:, the dose that produces toxicity in 50% of individuals). This relationship, termed the
1899:
1879:
1798:
1640:
1382:
1327:
1128:
1104:"Agonist binding, agonist affinity and agonist efficacy at G protein-coupled receptors"
1103:
1076:
1051:
1018:
985:
950:
925:
833:"A New Molecular Mechanism To Engineer Protean Agonism at a G Protein-Coupled Receptor"
658:
625:
438:
422:
336:
310:
New findings that broaden the conventional definition of pharmacology demonstrate that
62:
whose activation causes the cell to modify what it is currently doing. In contrast, an
56:
1050:
Zhu S, Stein RA, Yoshioka C, Lee CH, Goehring A, Mchaourab HS, Gouaux E (April 2016).
1978:
1904:
1391:
1298:
398:
375:
348:
251:
239:
194:
159:
137:
831:
De Min A, Matera C, Bock A, Holze J, Kloeckner J, Muth M, et al. (April 2017).
770:
1874:
1834:
1735:
1659:
1537:
1220:
1177:
711:
281:
235:
210:
817:
727:"Inverse, protean, and ligand-selective agonism: matters of receptor conformation"
1959:
1446:
1422:
984:
Kruse AC, Ring AM, Manglik A, Hu J, Hu K, Eitel K, et al. (December 2013).
449:
414:
389:
303:
163:
39:
28:
1067:
1839:
1771:
1663:
1438:
785:
343:
when the agonist is bound. Two examples that demonstrate this process are the
274:
121:
105:
32:
986:"Activation and allosteric modulation of a muscarinic acetylcholine receptor"
626:"Structure and function of an irreversible agonist-β(2) adrenoceptor complex"
335:
receptor. This conformational change is often the result of small changes in
1617:
801:
786:"Functional selectivity and classical concepts of quantitative pharmacology"
695:
418:
243:
231:
221:
198:
175:
141:
117:
1137:
1119:
1085:
1027:
959:
941:
899:
858:
849:
832:
809:
762:
703:
667:
753:
726:
462:
Potency is the amount of agonist needed to elicit a desired response. The
354:
1739:
1711:
1698:
1467:
1387:
890:
873:
483:
383:
171:
149:
59:
1009:
649:
410:
202:
109:
358:
Simplified depiction of the mechanism of an agonist binding to a GPCR.
255:
193:
works with other co-agonists to produce the desired effect together.
448:
388:
353:
246:) also bind and activate a given receptor, but have only partial
1592:
1485:
1481:
1283:
482:
value is useful for comparing the potency of drugs with similar
1150:
1146:
486:
producing physiologically similar effects. The smaller the EC
430:
16:
Chemical which binds to and activates a biochemical receptor
393:
Simplified depiction of co-agonists activating a receptor.
790:
The
Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics
684:
The
Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics
1052:"Mechanism of NMDA Receptor Inhibition and Activation"
1932:
1892:
1848:
1797:
1770:
1734:
1697:
1658:
1649:
1585:
1530:
1521:
1460:
1405:
1354:
1316:
1307:
1238:
1193:
1184:
220:is selective for a specific type of receptor. E.g.
70:causes an action opposite to that of the agonist.
89:(agōn), contest, combat; exertion, struggle <
27:For a primary fictional character in a work, see
273:. An example is the cannabinoid inverse agonist
55:to produce a biological response. Receptors are
85:(agōnistēs), contestant; champion; rival <
20:For other uses of "Agonist" or "Agonism", see
1162:
8:
224:is a selective agonist for serotonin 5-HT1A.
93:(agō), I lead, lead towards, conduct; drive
66:blocks the action of the agonist, while an
1929:
1889:
1794:
1767:
1731:
1694:
1655:
1582:
1527:
1457:
1402:
1351:
1313:
1235:
1190:
1169:
1155:
1147:
466:of an agonist is inversely related to its
1127:
1075:
1017:
949:
889:
848:
752:
742:
657:
421:ion unless the cell is also experiencing
124:), resulting in a biological response. A
197:activation requires the binding of both
38:
872:Smith CL, O'Malley BW (February 2004).
581:
453:Efficacy spectrum of receptor ligands.
1097:
1095:
1045:
1043:
1041:
1039:
1037:
979:
977:
975:
973:
971:
969:
7:
919:
917:
915:
913:
911:
909:
468:half maximal effective concentration
209:can also act as a co-agonist at the
437:and transmitting a signal into the
314:can concurrently behave as agonist
1955:Minimum bactericidal concentration
14:
541:Excitatory postsynaptic potential
364:muscarinic acetylcholine receptor
345:muscarinic acetylcholine receptor
144:, and the endogenous agonist for
1945:Minimum inhibitory concentration
926:"Agonist-activated ion channels"
1885:WHO list of essential medicines
1378:Non-specific effect of vaccines
1108:British Journal of Pharmacology
930:British Journal of Pharmacology
351:and their respective agonists.
51:is a chemical that activates a
1940:Antimicrobial pharmacodynamics
174:, which mimics the actions of
1:
1865:Functional analog (chemistry)
324:selective receptor modulators
162:, which mimics the action of
1418:Hill equation (biochemistry)
924:Colquhoun D (January 2006).
104:can be activated by either
2021:
1933:Antimicrobial pharmacology
1413:Dose–response relationship
1343:Desensitization (medicine)
1068:10.1016/j.cell.2016.03.028
507:, is defined as the ratio
368:G protein-coupled receptor
205:and D-serine co-agonists.
18:
1855:Coinduction (anesthetics)
1102:Strange PG (April 2008).
322:", "protean agonism", or
1920:Multiple drug resistance
1893:Tolerance and resistance
1261:Physiological antagonist
725:Kenakin T (March 2001).
561:Mixed agonist/antagonist
22:Agonist (disambiguation)
1671:Neuropsychopharmacology
1433:Cheng-Prussoff Equation
1428:Del Castillo Katz model
1355:Other effects of ligand
1338:Receptor (biochemistry)
1256:Irreversible antagonist
802:10.1124/jpet.106.104463
696:10.1124/jpet.112.201616
1807:Classical pharmacology
1568:Plasma protein binding
1543:Volume of distribution
1251:Competitive antagonist
1120:10.1038/sj.bjp.0707672
942:10.1038/sj.bjp.0706502
850:10.1124/mol.116.107276
837:Molecular Pharmacology
546:Functional selectivity
454:
394:
378:. The binding of this
359:
320:functional selectivity
184:central nervous system
44:
1915:Antibiotic resistance
1707:Clinical pharmacology
1226:Physiological agonist
1186:Ligand (biochemistry)
754:10.1096/fj.00-0438rev
452:
392:
357:
170:. Another example is
126:physiological agonist
42:
1812:Reverse pharmacology
1722:Pharmacoepidemiology
1563:Biological half-life
1443:Ligand binding assay
1317:Activity at receptor
1211:Irreversible agonist
891:10.1210/er.2003-0023
531:Allosteric modulator
407:N-methyl-D-aspartate
293:irreversible agonist
2005:Medicinal chemistry
1985:Medical terminology
1860:Combination therapy
1748:Pharmacoinformatics
1717:Medicinal chemistry
1323:Mechanism of action
1010:10.1038/nature12735
1002:2013Natur.504..101K
650:10.1038/nature09665
642:2011Natur.469..236R
566:Receptor antagonist
536:Dose response curve
403:endogenous agonists
330:Mechanism of action
138:serotonin receptors
1830:Immunopharmacology
1780:Pharmacotoxicology
1681:Psychopharmacology
1473:Intrinsic activity
1373:Pleiotropy (drugs)
1294:Agonist-antagonist
1206:Endogenous agonist
607:Mol Cell Pharmacol
551:Intrinsic activity
455:
395:
372:endogenous agonist
360:
286:endogenous agonist
254:are used to treat
180:μ-opioid receptors
146:dopamine receptors
134:endogenous agonist
120:agonists (such as
108:agonists (such as
45:
2000:Receptor agonists
1972:
1971:
1968:
1967:
1928:
1927:
1825:Photopharmacology
1820:
1819:
1793:
1792:
1766:
1765:
1730:
1729:
1693:
1692:
1686:Electrophysiology
1676:Neuropharmacology
1631:
1630:
1581:
1580:
1517:
1516:
1504:Therapeutic index
1456:
1455:
1401:
1400:
1350:
1349:
1279:
1278:
1234:
1233:
996:(7478): 101–106.
878:Endocrine Reviews
636:(7329): 236–240.
505:therapeutic index
494:Therapeutic index
218:selective agonist
168:β adrenoreceptors
114:neurotransmitters
97:Types of agonists
2012:
1990:Pharmacodynamics
1930:
1890:
1870:Polypharmacology
1795:
1768:
1758:Pharmacogenomics
1753:Pharmacogenetics
1732:
1695:
1656:
1583:
1553:Rate of infusion
1528:
1523:Pharmacokinetics
1458:
1403:
1352:
1314:
1309:Pharmacodynamics
1289:Neurotransmitter
1271:Enzyme inhibitor
1236:
1191:
1171:
1164:
1157:
1148:
1142:
1141:
1131:
1114:(7): 1353–1363.
1099:
1090:
1089:
1079:
1047:
1032:
1031:
1021:
981:
964:
963:
953:
921:
904:
903:
893:
869:
863:
862:
852:
828:
822:
821:
781:
775:
774:
756:
746:
722:
716:
715:
678:
672:
671:
661:
621:
615:
614:
602:
596:
586:
433:to activating a
380:neurotransmitter
267:Inverse agonists
228:Partial agonists
36:
25:
2020:
2019:
2015:
2014:
2013:
2011:
2010:
2009:
1975:
1974:
1973:
1964:
1924:
1910:Drug resistance
1888:
1844:
1816:
1789:
1785:Neurotoxicology
1762:
1726:
1689:
1651:
1645:
1627:
1577:
1573:Bioavailability
1558:Onset of action
1513:
1452:
1397:
1346:
1303:
1275:
1266:Inverse agonist
1230:
1216:Partial agonist
1180:
1175:
1145:
1101:
1100:
1093:
1049:
1048:
1035:
983:
982:
967:
936:(S1): S17–S26.
923:
922:
907:
871:
870:
866:
830:
829:
825:
783:
782:
778:
744:10.1.1.334.8525
724:
723:
719:
680:
679:
675:
623:
622:
618:
604:
603:
599:
587:
583:
579:
571:Receptor theory
556:Inverse agonist
527:
519:
512:
502:
496:
489:
481:
477:
474:) value. The EC
473:
460:
447:
341:protein folding
332:
263:inverse agonist
182:throughout the
99:
76:
68:inverse agonist
37:
26:
19:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2018:
2016:
2008:
2007:
2002:
1997:
1992:
1987:
1977:
1976:
1970:
1969:
1966:
1965:
1963:
1962:
1957:
1952:
1950:Bacteriostatic
1947:
1942:
1936:
1934:
1926:
1925:
1923:
1922:
1917:
1912:
1907:
1902:
1900:Drug tolerance
1896:
1894:
1887:
1882:
1880:Lists of drugs
1877:
1872:
1867:
1862:
1857:
1852:
1850:
1846:
1845:
1843:
1842:
1837:
1832:
1827:
1821:
1818:
1817:
1815:
1814:
1809:
1803:
1801:
1799:Drug discovery
1791:
1790:
1788:
1787:
1782:
1776:
1774:
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1763:
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1755:
1750:
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1727:
1725:
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1719:
1714:
1709:
1703:
1701:
1691:
1690:
1688:
1683:
1678:
1673:
1668:
1666:
1653:
1647:
1646:
1644:
1643:
1641:Bioequivalence
1638:
1632:
1629:
1628:
1626:
1625:
1615:
1610:
1605:
1600:
1589:
1587:
1579:
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1501:
1475:
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1464:
1462:
1454:
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1450:
1435:
1430:
1425:
1420:
1415:
1409:
1407:
1399:
1398:
1396:
1395:
1385:
1383:Adverse effect
1380:
1375:
1370:
1358:
1356:
1348:
1347:
1345:
1340:
1335:
1330:
1328:Mode of action
1325:
1320:
1318:
1311:
1305:
1304:
1302:
1301:
1296:
1291:
1286:
1280:
1277:
1276:
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1268:
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1258:
1253:
1248:
1242:
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1232:
1231:
1229:
1228:
1223:
1218:
1213:
1208:
1203:
1197:
1195:
1188:
1182:
1181:
1176:
1174:
1173:
1166:
1159:
1151:
1144:
1143:
1091:
1062:(3): 704–714.
1033:
965:
905:
864:
843:(4): 348–356.
823:
776:
737:(3): 598–611.
717:
690:(3): 708–717.
673:
616:
597:
580:
578:
575:
574:
573:
568:
563:
558:
553:
548:
543:
538:
533:
526:
523:
517:
510:
500:
495:
492:
487:
479:
475:
471:
459:
456:
446:
443:
423:depolarization
339:or changes in
331:
328:
308:
307:
300:biased agonist
296:
289:
278:
259:
225:
214:
187:
153:
98:
95:
75:
72:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2017:
2006:
2003:
2001:
1998:
1996:
1993:
1991:
1988:
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1982:
1980:
1961:
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1953:
1951:
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1946:
1943:
1941:
1938:
1937:
1935:
1931:
1921:
1918:
1916:
1913:
1911:
1908:
1906:
1905:Tachyphylaxis
1903:
1901:
1898:
1897:
1895:
1891:
1886:
1883:
1881:
1878:
1876:
1873:
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1800:
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1769:
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1634:
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1611:
1609:
1606:
1604:
1601:
1598:
1594:
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1590:
1588:
1584:
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1571:
1569:
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1561:
1559:
1556:
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1548:
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1541:
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1529:
1526:
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1520:
1510:
1507:
1505:
1502:
1499:
1495:
1491:
1487:
1483:
1479:
1476:
1474:
1471:
1469:
1466:
1465:
1463:
1459:
1448:
1444:
1440:
1436:
1434:
1431:
1429:
1426:
1424:
1421:
1419:
1416:
1414:
1411:
1410:
1408:
1404:
1393:
1392:Neurotoxicity
1389:
1386:
1384:
1381:
1379:
1376:
1374:
1371:
1368:
1364:
1361:Selectivity (
1360:
1359:
1357:
1353:
1344:
1341:
1339:
1336:
1334:
1331:
1329:
1326:
1324:
1321:
1319:
1315:
1312:
1310:
1306:
1300:
1299:Pharmacophore
1297:
1295:
1292:
1290:
1287:
1285:
1282:
1281:
1272:
1269:
1267:
1264:
1262:
1259:
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1247:
1244:
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1241:
1237:
1227:
1224:
1222:
1219:
1217:
1214:
1212:
1209:
1207:
1204:
1202:
1199:
1198:
1196:
1192:
1189:
1187:
1183:
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1172:
1167:
1165:
1160:
1158:
1153:
1152:
1149:
1139:
1135:
1130:
1125:
1121:
1117:
1113:
1109:
1105:
1098:
1096:
1092:
1087:
1083:
1078:
1073:
1069:
1065:
1061:
1057:
1053:
1046:
1044:
1042:
1040:
1038:
1034:
1029:
1025:
1020:
1015:
1011:
1007:
1003:
999:
995:
991:
987:
980:
978:
976:
974:
972:
970:
966:
961:
957:
952:
947:
943:
939:
935:
931:
927:
920:
918:
916:
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912:
910:
906:
901:
897:
892:
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883:
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875:
868:
865:
860:
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851:
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842:
838:
834:
827:
824:
819:
815:
811:
807:
803:
799:
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791:
787:
780:
777:
772:
768:
764:
760:
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750:
745:
740:
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732:
731:FASEB Journal
728:
721:
718:
713:
709:
705:
701:
697:
693:
689:
685:
677:
674:
669:
665:
660:
655:
651:
647:
643:
639:
635:
631:
627:
620:
617:
613:(5): 246–257.
612:
608:
601:
598:
595:
594:0-07-144343-6
591:
585:
582:
576:
572:
569:
567:
564:
562:
559:
557:
554:
552:
549:
547:
544:
542:
539:
537:
534:
532:
529:
528:
524:
522:
520:
513:
506:
493:
491:
485:
469:
465:
457:
451:
444:
442:
440:
436:
432:
426:
424:
420:
416:
412:
408:
404:
400:
399:NMDA receptor
391:
387:
385:
381:
377:
376:acetylcholine
373:
369:
366:, which is a
365:
356:
352:
350:
349:NMDA receptor
346:
342:
338:
329:
327:
325:
321:
317:
313:
305:
301:
297:
294:
290:
287:
283:
279:
276:
272:
268:
264:
260:
257:
253:
252:buprenorphine
249:
245:
241:
240:buprenorphine
237:
233:
229:
226:
223:
219:
215:
212:
208:
204:
200:
196:
195:NMDA receptor
192:
188:
185:
181:
177:
173:
169:
165:
161:
160:isoproterenol
157:
156:Full agonists
154:
151:
147:
143:
139:
135:
131:
130:
129:
127:
123:
119:
115:
111:
107:
103:
96:
94:
92:
88:
84:
81:
73:
71:
69:
65:
61:
58:
54:
50:
41:
34:
30:
23:
1875:Chemotherapy
1835:Cell biology
1736:Biochemistry
1660:Neuroscience
1608:Distribution
1538:Loading dose
1221:Superagonist
1200:
1178:Pharmacology
1111:
1107:
1059:
1055:
993:
989:
933:
929:
884:(1): 45–71.
881:
877:
867:
840:
836:
826:
793:
789:
779:
734:
730:
720:
687:
683:
676:
633:
629:
619:
610:
606:
600:
584:
497:
461:
427:
396:
370:(GPCR), the
361:
333:
315:
309:
282:superagonist
244:norclozapine
236:aripiprazole
217:
211:IP3 receptor
190:
155:
100:
90:
86:
82:
77:
48:
46:
1960:Bactericide
1636:Compartment
1447:Patch clamp
1423:Schild plot
796:(1): 1–13.
415:ion channel
409:(NMDA) and
304:Oliceridine
29:Protagonist
1995:Physiology
1979:Categories
1840:Physiology
1772:Toxicology
1664:psychology
1613:Metabolism
1603:Absorption
1597:Liberation
1439:Organ bath
1367:Functional
1246:Antagonist
1239:Inhibitory
1194:Excitatory
577:References
484:efficacies
275:rimonabant
271:antagonist
191:co-agonist
176:endorphins
164:adrenaline
106:endogenous
64:antagonist
33:Antagonist
1622:Clearance
1618:Excretion
1437:Methods (
739:CiteSeerX
419:magnesium
232:buspirone
230:(such as
222:buspirone
199:glutamate
142:serotonin
118:exogenous
102:Receptors
83:αγωνιστής
78:From the
74:Etymology
1740:genetics
1712:Pharmacy
1699:Medicine
1509:Affinity
1468:Efficacy
1406:Analysis
1388:Toxicity
1138:18223670
1086:27062927
1028:24256733
960:16402101
900:14769827
859:28167741
810:16803859
771:18260817
763:11259378
704:23300227
668:21228876
525:See also
445:Activity
384:efficacy
362:For the
248:efficacy
172:morphine
150:dopamine
110:hormones
60:proteins
57:cellular
53:receptor
1650:Related
1593:(L)ADME
1547:Initial
1531:Metrics
1478:Potency
1461:Metrics
1363:Binding
1333:Binding
1201:Agonist
1129:2437915
1077:4914038
1019:4020789
998:Bibcode
951:1760748
712:8785003
659:3074335
638:Bibcode
464:potency
458:Potency
411:glycine
312:ligands
207:Calcium
203:glycine
49:agonist
1652:fields
1136:
1126:
1084:
1074:
1026:
1016:
990:Nature
958:
948:
898:
857:
818:447937
816:
808:
769:
761:
741:
710:
702:
666:
656:
630:Nature
592:
337:charge
256:opiate
1849:Other
1586:LADME
814:S2CID
767:S2CID
708:S2CID
242:, or
122:drugs
116:) or
80:Greek
1738:and
1662:and
1498:TD50
1494:LD50
1490:ED50
1486:IC50
1482:EC50
1284:Drug
1134:PMID
1082:PMID
1056:Cell
1024:PMID
956:PMID
896:PMID
855:PMID
806:PMID
759:PMID
700:PMID
664:PMID
590:ISBN
439:cell
435:GPCR
431:ions
397:The
347:and
112:and
87:αγων
31:and
1595:: (
1124:PMC
1116:doi
1112:153
1072:PMC
1064:doi
1060:165
1014:PMC
1006:doi
994:504
946:PMC
938:doi
934:147
886:doi
845:doi
798:doi
794:320
749:doi
692:doi
688:344
654:PMC
646:doi
634:469
470:(EC
374:is
316:and
291:An
261:An
178:at
166:at
148:is
140:is
132:An
91:αγω
47:An
1981::
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298:A
280:A
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216:A
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24:.
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