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resources are used to boost crop yields must be reconsidered. The report suggested assigning value to ecosystems, recognizing environmental and livelihood tradeoffs, and balancing the rights of a variety of users and interests, as well addressing inequities that sometimes result when such measures
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Like other ecosystems, agroecosystems form partially closed systems in which animals, plants, microbes, and other living organisms and their environment are interdependent and regularly interact. They are somewhat arbitrarily defined as a spatially and functionally coherent unit of agricultural
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Agroecosystem
Management for Improved Human Health: Applying principles of integrated pest management to people. D. G. Peden. Published in New Directions in Animal Production Systems. Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the Canadian Society of Animal Science, July 5–8, 1998, Vancouver, British
151:(increasing the biological and trophic complexity of the agricultural system as well as decreasing the nutrient inputs/outflow) and by increasing awareness that "downstream" effects extend agroecosystems beyond the boundaries of the farm (e.g. the
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93:, energy and nutrient flows than "natural" ecosystems. Likewise, agroecosystems are often associated with elevated nutrient input, much of which exits the farm leading to
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Elske van de Fliert and Ann R. Braun. 1999. Farmer Field School for
Integrated Crop Management of Sweetpotato. Field guides and Technical Manual. Bogor, Indonesia:
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are the ecosystems supporting the food production systems in farms and gardens. As the name implies, at the core of an agroecosystem lies the human activity of
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345:"Agroecosystem Management for Improved Human Health: Applying principles of integrated pest management to people: International Development Research Centre"
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are adopted, such as the reallocation of water from poor to rich, the clearing of land to make way for more productive farmland, or the preservation of a
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is to promote management styles that blur the distinction between agroecosystems and "natural" ecosystems, both by decreasing the
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Watershed
Project, which seeks to reduce runoff from the agricultural lands feeding into the lake with the aim of reducing
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131:, there is not enough water to continue farming using current practices; therefore how critical water, land, and
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73:). That is, it includes the region that is impacted by this activity, usually by changes to the complexity of
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An agroecosystem can be seen as not restricted to the immediate site of agricultural activity (e.g. the
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Some major organizations are hailing farming within agroecosystems as the way forward for mainstream
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Agro-ecosystem Health
Project. 1996. Agroecosystem health. University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada.
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Columbia, Canada. Edited by R. Blair, R. Rajamahendran, L.S. Stephens, M.Y. Yang.
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can reduce nutrient inputs. Efforts of the second type are most common at the
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for wildlife habitat can restore some complexity to a cropping system, while
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are probably the world's oldest and most resilient agroecosystem.
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The Forest Farms of Kandy: And Other
Gardens of Complete Design
253:(November 1977). "Emergence of Research on Agro-Ecosystems".
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of connected ecosystems not directly engaged in agriculture.
143:One of the major efforts of disciplines such as
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54:. As such they are the basic unit of study in
85:. Agroecosystems, particularly those managed
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202:Agriculture in Concert with the Environment
159:in the Gulf of Mexico). In the first case,
255:Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics
232:Long-Term Agroecosystem Research Network
125:International Water Management Institute
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43:tomatoes, basil, peppers and eggplants.
397:Ecosystems for water and food security
89:, are characterized as having simpler
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275:How to Choose Regenerative Practices
129:United Nations Environment Programme
483:Environmental impact of agriculture
267:10.1146/annurev.es.08.110177.001133
140:system that limits fishing rights.
31:Agroecosystem in Croton-on-Hudson,
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277:– that Work. Learning from Nature
369:Douglas John McConnell (2003).
123:. According to a report by the
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62:using ecological approaches.
439:TMDL Case Study: Wisconsin
305:International Potato Center
155:agroecosystem includes the
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424:Opinion: The Water Deficit
207:Agroecological restoration
175:scale. An example is the
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478:Sustainable agriculture
318:"CIP-ESEAP Publication"
273:Seabrook, Wendy, 2022,
375:. Ashgate. p. 1.
217:Agroecosystem analysis
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149:impact of agriculture
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83:net nutrient balance
81:, as well as to the
227:Ecology of contexts
91:species composition
75:species assemblages
402:2013-05-23 at the
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251:Loucks, Orie
184:algal blooms
180:Lake Mendota
157:hypoxic zone
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119:and reduced
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79:energy flows
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41:Intercropped
261:: 173–192.
237:Polyculture
222:Agrophysics
212:Agroecology
197:Agriculture
161:polyculture
145:agroecology
113:agriculture
101:Utilization
87:intensively
56:Agroecology
52:agriculture
473:Ecosystems
467:Categories
452:2008-12-09
355:2008-12-09
328:2008-12-09
282:References
66:activity.
173:watershed
153:Corn Belt
133:ecosystem
406:, 2011,
400:Archived
190:See also
127:and the
33:New York
138:wetland
117:erosion
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58:, and
412:UNEP
408:IWMI
377:ISBN
309:ISBN
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