87:, which means the same thing but is more respectful. In circumstances where the addressed person is not considerably older than the speaker, or is socially higher than the speaker, it is highly likely that the addressee will be offended when called
76:", it does not actually refer to a close family relationship. It is most often used to refer to a middle-aged or older woman since referring to an elder by name without a title in Korea is not socially acceptable.
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reflects widespread sexism and classism in Korean culture, particularly the idea that a woman's worth can be assessed mainly on the basis of her age, looks and docility. However,
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was originally interpreted as "wife of mentor" or "wife of superior" and describes a married woman of high social status. The Lonely Planet guide to Seoul describes
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is used in the sense of "aunties", it does not refer to a family relationship, and aunts in the family are not called "
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232:"기분 나쁜 "아줌마!" 대신 부드럽게 "아주머니" 해보세요 [Instead of Offensive "Ajumma!", Try "Ajumeoni"]"
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as a term of respect, but it can be used in a mildly pejorative sense as well. An
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Success with Asian Names: A Practical Guide for
Business and Everyday Life
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word for a married, or middle-aged woman. It comes from the Korean word
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are
Koreans' mothers, who despite their modest social status,
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are significant contributors to Korea's economy and society.
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no more: Housekeepers given new job title, 'house managers'"
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Looking for Mr, Kim in Seoul: A Guide to Korean
Expressions
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is often a restaurant worker, street vendor, or housewife.
146:" in the Korean language, instead being referred to as "
331:"Ajumma Meaning – Definition of Ajumma 아줌마 In Korean"
99:(a respectful term for someone else's mother), or '
30:This article is about the word. For the film, see
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413:"Ajumma--Engine for Korea's Social Progress"
309:(5th ed.). Lonely Planet. p. 181.
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72:). Although it is sometimes translated "
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359:. New York: Infini Press. p. 55.
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279:"Korean Way of Addressing People"
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217:1857883780
186:Wiktionary
169:References
107:Discussion
424:4 October
396:4 October
340:4 October
290:4 October
262:4 October
191:4 October
93:ajumeoni'
85:ajumeoni'
150:" (이모).
101:samonim'
97:eomonim'
62:ajumeoni
125:samonim
121:halmoni
81:Ajumma'
56:, is a
54:ajoomma
50:ahjumma
18:Ahjumma
383:Ajumma
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182:"아주머니"
163:ajumma
159:ajumma
155:ajumma
144:ajumma
140:ajumma
133:ajumma
129:ajumma
117:agassi
113:ajumma
89:ajumma
66:Korean
58:Korean
42:Korean
38:Ajumma
307:Seoul
253:"사모님"
426:2023
398:2023
361:ISBN
342:2023
311:ISBN
292:2023
264:2023
212:ISBN
193:2023
74:aunt
70:아주머니
148:imo
111:An
95:, '
52:or
46:아줌마
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