40:
516:, any rural community may appoint an alcalde. The alcalde serves both judicial and administrative functions and is paid a small stipend by the government. The alcalde is responsible for managing communal land, judging disputes, and determining punishment for petty crimes. This type of local government is most commonly used by Maya communities in southern Belize.
493:
before them, county judges under the Texas
Constitution wield both judicial and chief executive functions. Although in larger counties today the county judge usually functions solely as county chief executive, in smaller counties, the role of the county judge continues to have many of the combined
393:
in the districts they settled, if they could attract the legally specified number of settlers to the area. This right could be inherited for one generation, after which the right of election returned to the municipal council.
453:, the office had some influence in the local political and legal developments of those areas and is mentioned in judicial cases. This title continued to be in use in the Southwest United States after the
457:
until a permanent political and judicial system could be established. Alcaldes were notorious for their support for rule of law and opposition to vigilantes. In nineteenth-century
California,
565:
810:
855:
260:. Only later was it applied to the presiding municipal magistrate. This early use continued to be reflected in its other uses, such as
216:
or the kings of Leon and
Castile, the right to have councils. Among the rights that these councils had was to elect a municipal judge (
924:
919:
686:
177:
914:
899:
871:
180:(Native American) leaders inside the Spanish missions, who performed a large variety of duties for the Franciscan missionaries.
850:
740:
was never applied to the presiding municipal officer and retained its original meaning of "judge." "Alcalde" in
Corominas,
608:
416:
814:
324:), who may be appointed for life by the crown, hold the office as an inherited possession or be elected by the citizens (
771:
111:
477:
by immigrants, who temporarily used the
Spanish and Mexican form of municipal government. In Texas, the position of
454:
425:
891:
450:
31:
679:
Children of Coyote, Missionaries of Saint
Francis: Indian-Spanish relations in colonial California, 1769-1850
509:, to preside over ceremonial events of the city, with "mayor" being the official position of city governor.
478:
242:
470:
147:, which they were to take with them when doing their business. A woman who holds the office is termed an
545:
458:
279:
119:
530:
474:
342:, was limited to one or two, depending on the size of the city and who were elected annually by the
723:
876:
727:
502:
462:
438:
373:
201:
616:
197:
310:
By the end of the fourteenth century the definite form of the
Castilian municipal council, the
895:
867:
843:
682:
575:
550:
525:
316:
257:
127:
719:
486:
287:
228:
in
Spanish). These judges were assisted in their duties by various assistant judges, called
123:
98:
61:
612:
585:
144:
838:
677:
Hackel, Steven (2005). "Social
Control, Political Accommodation, and Indian Rebellion".
540:
266:
221:
135:
were elected annually, without the right to reelection for two or three years, by the
39:
908:
763:
580:
446:
320:, had been established. The council was limited to a maximum of twenty-four members (
570:
411:
359:
421:
193:
730:
274:, who formed the highest tribunal in Castile and also managed the royal court;
785:
774:, 3 Cal. 69, 58 Am.Dec. 385, "Geary, at that time Alcalde of San Francisco..."
647:
386:
103:
605:
213:
162:
were chief administrators in colonial-era administrative territories termed
155:
232:, whose number depended on the number of parishes the town had. The title
625:
385:) had two, which was the maximum number anywhere. Early in the conquest,
237:
107:
17:
734:
555:
433:
420:
continued to be used in the
Spanish-speaking American Commonwealth of
354:, who took over the role of the presiding officer of the council. The
560:
513:
326:
535:
429:
407:
362:. Towns and villages in the Americas with the right to a council (
209:
205:
38:
245:
131:(the municipal council) and judge of first instance of a town.
139:(council members) of the municipal council. The office of the
414:
throughout Spain and Latin America. For example, the title
85:
212:
rivers became true urban centers, they gained, from their
784:
Colombia), Esquina Latina (Organización (29 March 1989).
358:
was taken to the Americas and Philippines by the Spanish
76:
64:
667:, vol. 1, p. 45. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons 1996.
196:
as new lands were settled by the expanding kingdoms of
864:
Diccionario crítico etimológico castellano e hispánico
442:
have greater powers than their peninsular colleagues.
410:, and is used to mean the local executive officer in
73:
338:.) The number of magistrates, now definitely called
82:
79:
67:
204:. As fortified settlements in the area between the
70:
665:Encyclopedia of Latin American History and Culture
566:Chief of the King's Guard (Portugal and Castile)
505:, has a tradition to name an honorary title of
424:after the occupation of the island during the
494:judicial and administrative functions of the
428:in 1898. In the autonomous Spanish cities of
286:, who were roughly the equivalent of British
256:originally was used for simple judges, as in
166:; in colonial-era Peru the units were called
44:
8:
485:which had existed in the state prior to the
350:, the Castilian monarchs often appointed a
883:. New York, Oxford University Press, 1947.
866:, 7 vols. Madrid, Editorial Gredos, 1981.
629:of the Mexica municipality of Mexico City.
272:Alcaldes de la Casa y Corte de Su Majestad
811:"Government of Belize - Local Government"
856:Diccionario de la Real Academia Española
473:, a town established in 1850 during the
663:Mark A. Burkholder, "Alcalde Mayor" in
642:receiving the staff of office from the
597:
102:) is the traditional Spanish municipal
334:had a mix of these different types of
619:granting the staffs of office to the
97:
7:
862:Corominas, Joan and José A Pascual.
461:, later an associate justice of the
638:For a contemporary recording of an
306:, fifteenth to nineteenth centuries
290:. Because of this, the municipal
25:
449:incorporated parts of the former
60:
122:, the presiding officer of the
762:For example, it was in use in
1:
881:The Spanish Empire in America
389:had the right to appoint the
330:) of the municipality. (Many
249:(قاضي), meaning "the judge."
726:attempts at pronouncing the
648:The Installation of the new
402:In modern Spanish, the term
294:was often referred to as an
27:Spanish municipal magistrate
888:A History of Medieval Spain
772:Supreme Court of California
703:A History of Medieval Spain
941:
753:Corominas, "Alcalde", 127.
465:, once served as the only
176:was also a title given to
29:
925:Heads of local government
920:Spanish words and phrases
481:was based on that of the
346:. To ensure control over
118:was, in the absence of a
45:
915:Arabic words and phrases
892:Cornell University Press
451:Viceroyalty of New Spain
32:Alcalde (disambiguation)
886:O'Callaghan, Joseph F.
471:Marysville, California
50:
744:, Vol. A-CA (1), 127.
733:. The old Portuguese
459:Stephen Johnson Field
42:
531:Presidente municipal
455:Mexican–American War
439:alcaldes-presidentes
426:Spanish–American War
372:Recopilación de las
264:, the judges in the
49:from Guatemala, 1891
30:For other uses, see
742:Diccionario crítico
681:. UNC Press Books.
406:is equivalent to a
262:alcaldes del crimen
192:evolved during the
143:was signified by a
766:, as evidenced by
728:emphatic consonant
611:2008-07-24 at the
503:Sonoma, California
463:U.S. Supreme Court
284:alcaldes de barrio
188:The office of the
99:[alˈkalðe]
51:
844:Handbook of Texas
718:evolved from the
576:Teniente a guerra
526:Alcalde ordinario
507:Alcalde/Alcaldesa
296:alcalde ordinario
288:parish constables
258:Andalusian Arabic
164:alcaldías mayores
16:(Redirected from
932:
826:
825:
823:
822:
813:. Archived from
807:
801:
800:
798:
796:
781:
775:
768:Surocco v. Geary
760:
754:
751:
745:
714:The second L in
712:
706:
699:
693:
692:
674:
668:
661:
655:
636:
630:
615:depicts Viceroy
602:
487:Texas Revolution
377:, 1680) had one
278:, a synonym for
276:alcaldes mayores
240:from the Arabic
184:Medieval origins
160:alcaldes mayores
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786:"El enmaletado"
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689:
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617:Luís de Velasco
613:Wayback Machine
603:
599:
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586:Santa Hermandad
522:
436:, however, the
400:
374:Leyes de Indias
308:
186:
145:staff of office
106:, who had both
94:
63:
59:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
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688:978-0807856543
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541:Sargento mayor
538:
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521:
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412:municipalities
399:
396:
307:
300:
185:
182:
168:corregimientos
114:functions. An
112:administrative
26:
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14:
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10:
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6:
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3:
2:
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900:0-8014-0880-6
897:
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878:
877:Haring, C. H.
875:
873:
872:84-249-1362-0
869:
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861:
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817:on 2015-09-23
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701:O'Callaghan,
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581:Corregimiento
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360:conquistadors
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880:
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842:
819:. Retrieved
815:the original
805:
793:. Retrieved
789:
779:
767:
758:
749:
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715:
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702:
697:
678:
672:
664:
659:
650:Ayuntamiento
649:
643:
639:
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624:
620:
600:
571:Ayuntamiento
511:
506:
501:The city of
500:
495:
490:
489:. Like the
482:
479:county judge
466:
445:Because the
444:
437:
415:
403:
401:
398:Modern usage
390:
382:
378:
371:
367:
363:
355:
351:
347:
343:
339:
335:
331:
325:
321:
315:
312:ayuntamiento
311:
309:
303:
302:The classic
295:
291:
283:
275:
271:
265:
261:
253:
251:
241:
233:
229:
225:
217:
214:feudal lords
189:
187:
173:
172:
167:
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159:
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148:
140:
136:
132:
126:
115:
54:
53:
52:
36:
652:of Figueres
644:ayuntaminto
606:Osuna Codex
422:Puerto Rico
387:adelantados
194:Reconquista
909:Categories
890:. Ithaca,
821:2015-11-15
724:Portuguese
705:, 269-271.
626:alguaciles
592:References
546:Corregidor
381:. Cities (
352:corregidor
280:corregidor
267:audiencias
178:Indigenous
158:(Mexico),
120:corregidor
104:magistrate
851:"Alcalde"
841:from the
720:Castilian
475:Gold Rush
344:regidores
336:regidores
322:regidores
252:The word
156:New Spain
149:alcaldesa
137:regidores
124:Castilian
894:, 1975.
795:29 March
621:alcaldes
609:Archived
520:See also
491:alcaldes
391:alcaldes
383:ciudades
348:cabildos
340:alcaldes
332:cabildos
238:borrowed
230:alcaldes
133:Alcaldes
108:judicial
95:Spanish:
46:alcaldes
18:Alcaldes
853:in the
839:Alcalde
833:Sources
738:alcalde
735:cognate
716:alcalde
640:alcalde
561:Síndico
556:Regidor
551:Cabildo
496:alcalde
483:alcalde
467:alcalde
434:Melilla
417:alcalde
404:alcalde
379:alcalde
370:in the
368:lugares
356:cabildo
327:vecinos
317:cabildo
304:cabildo
292:alcalde
254:alcalde
234:alcalde
202:Castile
190:alcalde
174:Alcalde
141:alcalde
128:cabildo
116:alcalde
55:Alcalde
898:
870:
846:Online
685:
646:, see
514:Belize
364:villas
282:; and
43:Mayan
790:uv.mx
536:Mayor
430:Ceuta
408:mayor
222:Latin
218:iudex
210:Tagus
206:Douro
896:ISBN
868:ISBN
797:2018
722:and
683:ISBN
623:and
604:The
432:and
366:and
246:qaḍi
236:was
226:juez
224:and
208:and
200:and
198:León
110:and
731:ḍād
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469:of
314:or
220:in
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