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319:. They spread to France, but remained rare in Italy. By hinging the outer panels to the central panel and painting them on both sides, the subject could be regulated by opening or closing the wings. The pictures could thus be changed depending on liturgical demands. The earliest often displayed sculptures on the inner panels (i.e., displayed when open) and paintings on the back of the wings (displayed when closed). With the advent of winged altarpieces, a shift in imagery also occurred. Instead of being centred on a single holy figure, altarpieces began to portray more complex narratives linked to the concept of
934:
443:(Italian for "panel"), often dispensing with the predella. Rather than static figures, narrative scenes from the lives of the main figures grew in popularity; this was to become the dominant style for large altarpieces over the next centuries. Originally mostly horizontal ("landscape") in format, they increasingly used vertical ("portrait") formats. Some were as much as 4 metres tall, and concentrated on a single dramatic action. This much height typically required a composition with an
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In the first several centuries of large
Christian churches being built, the altar tended to be further forward (towards the congregation) in the sanctuary than in the later Middles Ages (a position to which it returned in the 20th century) and a large altarpiece would often have blocked the view of a
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is a row of much smaller scenes running below the main panel; often these showed narrative scenes related to the subject of the main image. They were only properly visible from close up, but the extra height allowed the main panels above to be clearly seen by the congregation, and any shutters to be
512:
in the course of the
Reformation in 1533, more than fifty altarpieces were destroyed. The Reformation initially persisted with the creation of new some altarpieces reflecting its doctrines, sometimes using portraits of Lutheran leaders for figures such as apostles. The Protestant range of subjects
627:
Increasingly, the size and shape of altarpieces became dictated by the overall design and decoration of the church, which the artist was required to fit in with. If funds allowed several altarpieces were commissioned for
Baroque churches when they were first built or re-fitted, for the main and
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period, the single scene became standard, sometimes incorporated in an elaborate carved frame. Usually there was no reverse view, as altarpieces were fixed to a wall in side chapels, or a built-up backing for main altars in older churches where there were other chapels behind the main altar.
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opposed all large public religious images such as altarpieces, and by about 1560 production of
Protestant ones had mostly ceased. The Reformation regarded the Word of God – that is, the gospel – as central to Christendom, and Protestant altarpieces were often painted biblical text passages,
739:
were often disassembled and seen as independent artworks. The different panels of the polyptych of St
Augustine are thus today spread out among several different art museums. Double-sided wing panels were often sawn apart by dealers or collectors, to give two paintings for hanging.
435:
or donors. These became increasingly informal in pose, and some may have been initially displayed in the donor's house, then bequeathed to a church as a memorial. They represented the same components as many altarpieces with framed compartments, but with a single pictorial space.
194:
Altarpieces seem to have begun to be used during the 11th century, with the possible exception of a few earlier examples. The reasons and forces that led to the development of altarpieces are not generally agreed upon. The habit of placing decorated
787:; therefore their appearance can vary significantly. Occasionally, the demarcation between what constitutes the altarpiece and what constitutes other forms of decoration can be unclear. Altarpieces can still broadly be divided into two types, the
362:
would develop into veritable export centres for the production of altarpieces, exporting to
Scandinavia, Spain and northern France. By the 15th century, altarpieces were often commissioned not only by churches but also by individuals, families,
806:
Older retable-type altarpieces are often made up of two or more separate wood panels, sometimes with framed divisions, as in medieval examples, but later with the joins between panels invisible under the painted surface (as with some works by
394:) with complex framing in the form of architectural compositions. In Spain, altarpieces developed in a highly original fashion into often very large, architecturally influenced reredos, sometimes as tall as the church in which it was housed.
905:
Much smaller private altarpieces, often portable, were made for wealthy individuals to use at home, often as folding diptychs or triptychs for safe transport. In the Middle Ages, very small luxury diptychs or triptychs carved in
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265:. In the 13th century, it was not uncommon to find frescoed or mural altarpieces in Italy; mural paintings behind the altar served as visual complements for the liturgy. These altarpieces were influenced by
142:
with hinged side wings that folded in to cover the main image, and were painted on the reverse with different simpler images. Often this was the normal view shown in the church, except for
Sundays and
218:
Many early altarpieces were relatively simple compositions in the form of a rectangular panel decorated with series of saints in rows, with a central, more pronounced figure such as a depiction of
173:
Many altarpieces have now been removed from their church settings, and often from their elaborate sculpted frameworks, and are displayed as more simply framed paintings in museums and elsewhere.
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In
England, as well as in France, stone retables enjoyed general popularity. In Italy both stone retables and wooden polyptychs were common, with individual painted panels and often (notably in
277:. During this time, altarpieces occasionally began to be decorated with an outer, sculptured or gabled structure with the purpose of providing a frame for individual parts of the altarpiece.
199:
of saints on or behind the altar, as well as the tradition of decorating the front of the altar with sculptures or textiles, preceded the first altarpieces. In the
Romanesque period, painted
86:. Though most commonly used for a single work of art such as a painting or sculpture, or a set of them, the word can also be used of the whole ensemble behind an altar, otherwise known as a
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The 15th century also saw a development of the composition of
Italian altarpieces where the polyptych was gradually abandoned in favour of single-panel, painted altarpieces. In Italy, the
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an altar. A single church can furthermore house several altarpieces on side-altars in chapels. Sometimes the altarpiece is set on the altar itself and sometimes in front of it.
234:, extended in the 12th century from an earlier altar frontal. The appearance and development of these first altarpieces marked an important turning point both in the history of
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215:. The development of altarpieces may have begun at the altars of side chapels, typically engaged with the wall behind, rather than at freestanding main altars.
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side-altars, giving the whole interior a consistent style. Medieval churches had mostly acquired altarpieces gradually over time, from different donors.
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Painted panel altars emerged in Italy during the 13th century, and until the Renaissance were generally the largest and most significant type of
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as well as Christian religious practice. It was considered a "significant development" because of its impact on the "nature and function of the
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from the early 16th century onwards led to a swift decline in the number of altarpieces produced in the parts of Europe affected. Outbursts of
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257:'s altarpiece from 1291, an example of an early painted panel altarpiece, with the individual parts framed by gables and sculptured elements
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for two, three, and multiple panels respectively. In the 13th century, each panel was usually surmounted with a pinnacle, but during the
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While many altarpieces remain today, the majority have been lost. In 1520, there were 2,000 winged altarpieces in the Austrian state of
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In Italy, during the Renaissance, free-standing groups of sculpture also began to feature as altarpieces. The most famous example is
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296:. In Italy, they were still typically executed in wood and painted, while in northern Europe altarpieces were often made of stone.
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in German), in which the altarpiece and the pulpit were combined, making the altarpiece a literal abode for the Word of God.
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is an example. This treatment of the altarpiece would eventually pave the way for the emergence, in the 14th century, of the
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379:(completed 1489), while in England there was a 15th-century industry producing relatively cheap painted altarpiece kits in
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624:(1611) has two hinged side-wings, with saints on their other sides, a rather conservative format, in a medieval church.
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produced a number of ones with very large single scenes, mostly now on canvas. Among the most influential were his
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If anything, the Protestant destruction stimulated the creation of more and larger altarpieces in Catholic Europe.
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tend to cover larger surfaces. The largest painted altarpieces developed complicated structures, especially
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Sculptural altarpieces, or designs integrating painting with sculpture, became more common. Examples by
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silver relief altarpiece. Such pieces may have been more common, but later melted down for the metal.
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altarpieces also revived the local taste for sculpture, with the figures in many examples (usually in
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increasingly at the expense of any pictures. With time, Protestant though gave birth to the so-called
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Other types of Italian composition also moved towards having a single large scene, sometimes called a
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https://web.archive.org/web/20120802145927/http://www.nationalgallery.org.uk/anatomy-of-an-altarpiece
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on panel seem to have been a common alternative location for paintings. Few survive, though small
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progressed, altarpieces began to be commissioned more frequently. In Northern Europe, initially
165:, with only two equally sized panels, were usually smaller portable pieces for individuals. The
925:, placed in front of the altar, with doors through it, and running right across the sanctuary.
242:...the autonomous image now assumed a legitimate position at the centre of Christian worship".
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725:, there is only one altarpiece remaining that was made for the high altar of a cathedral (in
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locally led to the destruction of many altarpieces. As an example, during the burning of the
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346:(1501–1505). An example of an altarpiece with a central, sculpted section and relief wings.
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bishop's throne and other celebrants, so decoration was concentrated on other places, with
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The sculpted elements in the emerging polyptychs often took inspiration from contemporary
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1721:, Humfrey, Peter & Kemp, Martin, 1990, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 9780521360616
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Carved Splendor: late gothic altarpieces in Southern Germany, Austria, and South Tirol
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2015:
1134:, c. 1487, an early example whose background continues the architecture of the church
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793:, which signifies a large and often complex wooden or stone altarpiece, and the
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representing a religious subject made for placing at the back of or behind the
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130:. In the Middle Ages they were generally the largest genre for these formats.
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226:. An elaborate example of such an early altarpiece is the metal and enamel
17:
383:, many of which were exported, the frame being added at the destination.
32:
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1995:
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of 1547 is a leading example, with the side panels showing scenes of the
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158:
122:
The word altarpiece, used for paintings, usually means a framed work of
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opened and closed with less disturbance to other items on the altar.
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1656:"Retro Tablum: The Origins and Role of the Altarpiece in the Liturgy"
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75:
709:(in the southern part of Europe), or else were discarded during the
1421:, ed. PĂ©ter Bokody (Pannonhalma: Pannonhalma Abbey, 2014), 136-151.
1415:"Mural Painting as a Medium: Technique, Representation and Liturgy"
875:
to be free-standing, allowing passage behind them, while those for
843:
altarpieces became the norm. In both cases, the supporting plinth (
467:(now London) is almost as tall, using only a landscape at the top.
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with a full scene with over life-size figures. German Baroque and
555:
484:
401:
364:
249:
131:
108:
79:
1366:
The Grove Encyclopedia of Medieval Art and Architecture, Volume 1
701:, there were around 3,000 altarpieces in the entire territory of
2921:
2640:
922:
273:, which reached Western Europe in greater numbers following the
270:
3822:
3818:
1740:
585:(1518, still on panel, 690 cm Ă— 360 cm (270 in Ă— 140 in)), the
1713:
The Italian Renaissance Altarpiece: Between Icon and Narrative
898:
are commonly decorated. Groups of statuary can also be placed
513:
contracted; traditional saints were no longer shown, and the
90:, including what is often an elaborate frame for the central
50:, with its wings open. Considered one of the masterpieces of
661:. Both of these were essentially figures in the round, but
478:, originally placed as the altarpiece in a side chapel of
717:
altarpieces during the 19th century (particularly in the
447:
group to fill the upper part of the picture space, as in
94:. Altarpieces were one of the most important products of
1537:. Vol. 1. Oxford University Press. pp. 32–33.
685:) spreading around the whole upper level of the church.
62:, which lost its elaborate framework in the Reformation.
1419:
Image and Christianity: Visual Media in the Middle Ages
729:
in Switzerland). In the 18th century, altarpieces like
367:
and confraternities. The 15th century saw the birth of
1697:
The Pollaiuolo Brothers: The Arts of Florence and Rome
1683:
The Oxford Companion to Christian Art and Architecture
879:
were often attached to, or painted, the wall behind.
867:
At least in the 15th century, altarpieces for main or
849:) often featured supplementary and related paintings.
118:(1432), as above, closed view with the wings folded in
1715:, David Ekserdjian, 2021, Yale UP, ISBN 9780300253641
1593:"Saint Michael completed 1469, Piero della Francesca"
153:
Altarpieces with many small framed panels are called
4946:
4901:
4819:
4703:
4694:
4649:
4434:
4398:
4358:
4258:
4239:
4185:
4142:
4087:
3993:
3972:
3931:
3899:
3714:
3571:
3384:
3320:
3230:
3120:
2971:
2860:
2753:
2700:
2625:
2596:
2521:
2446:
2381:
2326:
2245:
2140:
2115:
2029:
1961:
1906:
1825:
1802:
779:Altarpieces have never been made compulsory in the
597:(1529, now lost but known from prints and copies).
1535:The Grove Encyclopedia of Northern Renaissance Art
1663:Journal of the Institute for Sacred Architecture
570:, 1518, panel, 690 cm Ă— 360 cm (270 in Ă— 140 in)
1665:(17). Institute for Sacred Architecture: 12–18
860:, Italy) is a rare survival of a large partly-
4718:Architecture of cathedrals and great churches
4417:
3834:
1752:
921:developed as a wide screen composed of large
191:or altar frontals, or the surrounding walls.
8:
1511:or altar frontal in any medium, Murrays, 364
614:and closing side panels became rare, though
207:churches preserved several, many now in the
1503:Murrays, 362, 10. By contrast in Italian a
1444:
1442:
1440:
1438:
1436:
1369:. Oxford University Press. pp. 44–48.
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3990:
3841:
3827:
3819:
3681:International Alliance of Catholic Knights
2622:
2137:
1822:
1759:
1745:
1737:
1528:
1526:
591:in the same church (1526, now on canvas),
537:preaching; the reverses are also painted.
427:developed, a group usually centred on the
330:
31:
1358:
1356:
1354:
1352:
1350:
1348:
1346:
1344:
1342:
1340:
1268:
529:with a modern setting, and the single
161:have a main panel, and two side ones.
1490:
1488:
1453:. Getty Publications. pp. 9–39.
1109:, two versions, now Louvre and London
697:alone; scholars estimate that before
7:
1400:
1398:
1388:
1386:
1321:
1319:
1317:
1315:
1313:
1562:. Phaidon Press. pp. 351–380.
949:in 1478–1481, at the High Altar of
823:or un-painted. It is then called a
667:Pope Leo the Great repelling Attila
1699:, 2005, Yale, ISBN 9780300106251,
1158:(1490–1497) by an unknown artist (
275:conquest of Constantinople in 1204
25:
1719:The Altarpiece in the Renaissance
910:or other materials were popular.
209:Museu Nacional d'Art de Catalunya
27:Religious artwork behind an altar
5013:
5012:
5001:
4129:State church of the Roman Empire
3803:
3802:
3791:
3759:Society of Saint Vincent de Paul
3307:Criticism of the Catholic Church
882:If the altar stands free in the
803:typically rises from the floor.
647:Santa Maria della Vittoria, Rome
4112:First seven ecumenical councils
1926:First seven ecumenical councils
913:Matters evolved differently in
377:Veit Stoss altarpiece in KrakĂłw
299:In the early 14th century, the
246:The emergence of panel painting
70:is an work of art in painting,
4979:Relations with other religions
4385:Church of the East (Nestorian)
4380:Oriental Orthodox (Miaphysite)
2501:Separation of church and state
1558:Chipps Smith, Jeffrey (2004).
1533:Campbell, Gordon, ed. (2009).
1363:Hourihane, Colum, ed. (2012).
1296:"Altarpiece Art (c.1000-1700)"
1206:Santa Maria Gloriosa dei Frari
723:German-speaking part of Europe
1:
1123:St. Wolfgang im Salzkammergut
594:Killing of Saint Peter Martyr
409:with a landscape setting and
182:Origins and early development
1613:Murrays, 10; DeGreve, 12, 17
1090:Martyrdom of Saint Sebastian
941:altarpiece, workshop of the
500:In the north of Europe, the
369:Early Netherlandish painting
340:Altarpiece of the Holy Blood
52:Early Netherlandish painting
4686:Views on poverty and wealth
1654:DeGreve, Daniel P. (2010).
854:Altarpiece of Pellegrino II
767:Neoclassical altarpiece by
398:Renaissance and Reformation
5060:
4931:World Evangelical Alliance
4893:Traditionalist Catholicism
3798:Catholic Church portal
1075:The Descent from the Cross
1029:Metropolitan Museum of Art
736:Saint Augustine Altarpiece
315:and the Catholic parts of
4996:
4926:World Council of Churches
4418:
4413:Latter Day Saint movement
3856:
3786:
3724:Aid to the Church in Need
3345:Vatican Television Center
2990:Eastern Catholic Churches
1774:
1449:Kahsnitz, Rainer (2006).
635:(1598–1680), the leading
98:especially from the late
4954:Anti-Christian sentiment
4134:Christian biblical canon
3666:Communion and Liberation
3130:Eastern Catholic liturgy
2295:Mystici Corporis Christi
2223:Sixto-Clementine Vulgate
1560:The Northern Renaissance
1241:National Gallery, London
1197:Assumption of the Virgin
1138:Altarpiece of Veit Stoss
811:. They may also display
659:Sant'Andrea al Quirinale
639:of his day, include his
303:emerged in Germany, the
281:'s altarpiece from 1291
5008:Christianity portal
4167:Investiture Controversy
2481:Philosophy of canon law
2411:Mariology of the saints
1991:Investiture Controversy
1679:Murray, Peter and Linda
1114:St. Wolfgang Altarpiece
756:in a museum, mostly by
653:around the painting by
642:Ecstasy of Saint Teresa
519:Lucas Cranach the Elder
490:Lucas Cranach the Elder
4959:Christian universalism
4350:Western Rite Orthodoxy
4195:Protestant Reformation
3734:Catholic Charities USA
3368:Acta Apostolicae Sedis
3356:Vatican Polyglot Press
2406:Mariology of the popes
2044:Protestant Reformation
1595:. The National Gallery
1298:. visual-arts-cork.com
1232:Vision of Saint Jerome
968:, metal and enamel in
961:
817:sculpture in the round
776:
769:Carl Timoleon von Neff
760:
621:Elevation of the Cross
571:
502:Protestant Reformation
497:
460:The Raising of Lazarus
457:(now Vatican), though
418:
347:
344:Tilman Riemenschneider
258:
119:
63:
4617:Anointing of the Sick
3488:Good Shepherd Sisters
3330:Holy See Press Office
2568:Doctors of the Church
2401:Immaculate Conception
2356:Anointing of the Sick
1891:History of the papacy
1156:Kefermarkt Altarpiece
1128:San Giobbe Altarpiece
1080:Rogier van der Weyden
1006:Adoration of the Magi
936:
766:
751:
731:Piero della Francesca
559:
523:Wittenberg Altarpiece
517:was a popular scene.
494:Wittenberg Altarpiece
488:
465:Sebastiano del Piombo
405:
334:
253:
126:on wood, or later on
112:
35:
4938:Nondenominationalism
4811:Role in civilization
4278:Independent Catholic
4220:Relations with Islam
4200:Catholic Reformation
3361:L'Osservatore Romano
3299:Role in civilisation
3025:Croatian and Serbian
2773:Episcopal conference
2735:St. Peter's Basilica
2093:Sexual abuse scandal
2049:Catholic Reformation
1640:Murrays, 12, 237-238
1166:Castelfranco Madonna
744:Types of altarpieces
633:Gian Lorenzo Bernini
381:Nottingham alabaster
5039:Church architecture
4984:Unlimited atonement
4969:Cultural Christians
4408:Jehovah's Witnesses
4030:Sermon on the Mount
3959:Christian tradition
3886:Lists of Christians
3696:Neocatechumenal Way
3661:Charismatic Renewal
3375:Annuario Pontificio
2973:Particular churches
2649:Ecumenical councils
2421:Perpetual virginity
2256:Communitas perfecta
2200:Sermon on the Mount
1217:Volterra Deposition
1177:Isenheim Altarpiece
1146:St. Mary's Basilica
1102:Virgin of the Rocks
1095:Pollaiuolo brothers
1064:St Bavo's Cathedral
1011:Gentile da Fabriano
951:St. Nicholas Church
775:(Lutheran), c. 1850
707:Counter-Reformation
671:St Peter's Basilica
649:, and his sculpted
583:in the Frari Church
568:in the Frari Church
424:sacra conversazione
407:Sacra conversazione
294:Gothic architecture
4829:Crusading movement
4097:Ante-Nicene period
3533:Premonstratensians
1916:Ante-Nicene period
1794:Lists of Catholics
1186:Unterlinden Museum
1182:Matthias GrĂĽnewald
974:St Mark's Basilica
962:
856:of about 1200 (in
777:
773:Helsinki Cathedral
761:
689:Later developments
663:Alessandro Algardi
655:Guillaume Courtois
572:
498:
419:
348:
259:
140:winged altarpieces
120:
64:
5026:
5025:
4992:
4991:
4920:Charta Oecumenica
4430:
4429:
4420:Iglesia ni Cristo
4235:
4234:
4215:French Revolution
4205:Thirty Years' War
4077:Apostolic fathers
4045:Great Commandment
3816:
3815:
3226:
3225:
2619:
2442:
2441:
2134:
2111:
2110:
2103:COVID-19 pandemic
2073:French Revolution
2063:Thirty Years' War
1971:Islamic conquests
1884:Apostolic fathers
1819:
1569:978-0-7148-3867-0
1544:978-0-19-533466-1
1460:978-0-89236-853-2
1376:978-0-19-539536-5
1256:Antwerp Cathedral
1107:Leonardo da Vinci
1097:, by 1475, London
1021:MĂ©rode Altarpiece
915:Eastern Orthodoxy
871:were required by
713:or replaced with
510:Antwerp Cathedral
301:winged altarpiece
279:Vigoroso da Siena
255:Vigoroso da Siena
60:winged altarpiece
16:(Redirected from
5051:
5016:
5015:
5006:
5005:
4849:Environmentalism
4799:Church buildings
4701:
4516:Eastern Orthodox
4511:Eastern Catholic
4423:
4422:
4390:Eastern Catholic
4368:Eastern Orthodox
4256:
4177:Age of Discovery
4162:East–West Schism
4060:Great Commission
3991:
3843:
3836:
3829:
3820:
3806:
3805:
3796:
3795:
3538:Redemptoristines
3386:Religious orders
3312:Anti-Catholicism
3262:Church buildings
3122:Catholic liturgy
2862:Consecrated life
2720:Apostolic Palace
2687:Synod of Bishops
2623:
2599:
2205:Ten Commandments
2138:
2120:
2021:Age of Discovery
1855:Great Commission
1823:
1807:
1761:
1754:
1747:
1738:
1695:Wright, Alison,
1674:
1672:
1670:
1660:
1641:
1638:
1632:
1631:Murrays, 137-138
1629:
1623:
1620:
1614:
1611:
1605:
1604:
1602:
1600:
1589:
1583:
1580:
1574:
1573:
1555:
1549:
1548:
1530:
1521:
1518:
1512:
1501:
1495:
1492:
1483:
1480:
1474:
1471:
1465:
1464:
1446:
1431:
1428:
1422:
1411:
1405:
1402:
1393:
1390:
1381:
1380:
1360:
1335:
1332:
1326:
1323:
1308:
1307:
1305:
1303:
1291:
1285:
1282:
1276:
1273:
1222:Rosso Fiorentino
1132:Giovanni Bellini
1051:Ghent Altarpiece
1031:, New York City)
929:Leading examples
785:Council of Trent
637:Baroque sculptor
429:Virgin and Child
327:Late Middle Ages
115:Ghent Altarpiece
104:Baroque painting
84:Christian church
39:Ghent Altarpiece
21:
5059:
5058:
5054:
5053:
5052:
5050:
5049:
5048:
5029:
5028:
5027:
5022:
5000:
4988:
4942:
4897:
4815:
4696:
4690:
4645:
4570:One true church
4426:
4394:
4354:
4243:
4231:
4181:
4138:
4083:
4010:in Christianity
3996:
3982:
3976:
3968:
3927:
3903:
3895:
3852:
3847:
3817:
3812:
3790:
3782:
3761:
3744:Relief Services
3710:
3656:Catholic Action
3646:Military orders
3583:Confraternities
3575:of the faithful
3574:
3567:
3389:
3380:
3316:
3222:
3116:
2975:
2967:
2900:Prior, Prioress
2856:
2749:
2745:Vatican Museums
2696:
2629:
2615:
2611:
2607:
2603:
2598:
2592:
2517:
2471:Social teaching
2438:
2377:
2322:
2277:One true church
2241:
2218:Sixtine Vulgate
2214:Official Bible
2128:
2124:
2119:
2107:
2025:
1957:
1902:
1872:Petrine primacy
1815:
1811:
1806:
1798:
1770:
1768:Catholic Church
1765:
1728:
1709:
1707:Further reading
1668:
1666:
1658:
1653:
1650:
1645:
1644:
1639:
1635:
1630:
1626:
1621:
1617:
1612:
1608:
1598:
1596:
1591:
1590:
1586:
1581:
1577:
1570:
1557:
1556:
1552:
1545:
1532:
1531:
1524:
1519:
1515:
1502:
1498:
1493:
1486:
1481:
1477:
1472:
1468:
1461:
1448:
1447:
1434:
1429:
1425:
1412:
1408:
1403:
1396:
1391:
1384:
1377:
1362:
1361:
1338:
1333:
1329:
1324:
1311:
1301:
1299:
1294:Collins, Neil.
1293:
1292:
1288:
1283:
1279:
1274:
1270:
1265:
1200:(1516–1518) by
1023:(1425–1428) by
995:Siena Cathedral
989:(1308–1311) by
970:Byzantine style
931:
839:, single-panel
781:Catholic Church
746:
691:
603:
476:by Michelangelo
454:Transfiguration
433:religious order
400:
329:
248:
240:Christian image
184:
179:
92:image or images
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5057:
5055:
5047:
5046:
5041:
5031:
5030:
5024:
5023:
5021:
5020:
5010:
4997:
4994:
4993:
4990:
4989:
4987:
4986:
4981:
4976:
4971:
4966:
4961:
4956:
4950:
4948:
4944:
4943:
4941:
4940:
4935:
4934:
4933:
4928:
4923:
4911:
4905:
4903:
4899:
4898:
4896:
4895:
4890:
4885:
4880:
4875:
4866:
4861:
4859:Fundamentalism
4856:
4854:Existentialism
4851:
4846:
4841:
4836:
4831:
4825:
4823:
4817:
4816:
4814:
4813:
4808:
4807:
4806:
4796:
4791:
4786:
4781:
4776:
4771:
4766:
4765:
4764:
4754:
4753:
4752:
4747:
4745:God the Father
4742:
4737:
4732:
4722:
4721:
4720:
4709:
4707:
4698:
4692:
4691:
4689:
4688:
4683:
4678:
4677:
4676:
4666:
4661:
4655:
4653:
4647:
4646:
4644:
4643:
4642:
4641:
4631:
4626:
4625:
4624:
4619:
4614:
4609:
4604:
4599:
4594:
4584:
4583:
4582:
4577:
4572:
4567:
4565:Body of Christ
4562:
4552:
4547:
4542:
4541:
4540:
4530:
4525:
4524:
4523:
4518:
4513:
4508:
4498:
4493:
4488:
4483:
4478:
4473:
4468:
4467:
4466:
4461:
4456:
4451:
4440:
4438:
4432:
4431:
4428:
4427:
4425:
4424:
4415:
4410:
4404:
4402:
4400:Restorationist
4396:
4395:
4393:
4392:
4387:
4382:
4377:
4376:
4375:
4364:
4362:
4356:
4355:
4353:
4352:
4347:
4346:
4345:
4340:
4335:
4330:
4325:
4320:
4315:
4310:
4305:
4300:
4295:
4290:
4280:
4275:
4270:
4264:
4262:
4253:
4237:
4236:
4233:
4232:
4230:
4229:
4228:
4227:
4217:
4212:
4207:
4202:
4197:
4191:
4189:
4183:
4182:
4180:
4179:
4174:
4169:
4164:
4159:
4154:
4148:
4146:
4140:
4139:
4137:
4136:
4131:
4126:
4125:
4124:
4119:
4109:
4104:
4102:Late antiquity
4099:
4093:
4091:
4085:
4084:
4082:
4081:
4080:
4079:
4072:Church fathers
4069:
4064:
4063:
4062:
4057:
4052:
4047:
4042:
4037:
4032:
4027:
4022:
4017:
4012:
4001:
3999:
3988:
3970:
3969:
3967:
3966:
3961:
3956:
3951:
3946:
3941:
3935:
3933:
3929:
3928:
3926:
3925:
3920:
3915:
3909:
3907:
3897:
3896:
3894:
3893:
3888:
3883:
3878:
3873:
3868:
3863:
3857:
3854:
3853:
3848:
3846:
3845:
3838:
3831:
3823:
3814:
3813:
3811:
3810:
3800:
3787:
3784:
3783:
3781:
3780:
3775:
3770:
3765:
3762:
3756:
3751:
3746:
3741:
3736:
3731:
3726:
3720:
3718:
3712:
3711:
3709:
3708:
3703:
3698:
3693:
3691:Legion of Mary
3688:
3683:
3678:
3673:
3668:
3663:
3658:
3653:
3648:
3643:
3642:
3641:
3640:
3639:
3629:
3628:
3627:
3620:Lay Carmelites
3617:
3607:
3606:
3605:
3600:
3595:
3590:
3579:
3577:
3569:
3568:
3566:
3565:
3560:
3555:
3550:
3545:
3540:
3535:
3530:
3525:
3520:
3515:
3510:
3505:
3500:
3495:
3490:
3485:
3480:
3475:
3470:
3468:Conceptionists
3465:
3460:
3455:
3450:
3445:
3440:
3435:
3430:
3425:
3420:
3415:
3410:
3405:
3403:Assumptionists
3399:
3397:
3382:
3381:
3379:
3378:
3371:
3364:
3357:
3354:
3353:
3352:
3347:
3342:
3332:
3326:
3324:
3318:
3317:
3315:
3314:
3309:
3304:
3301:
3296:
3291:
3286:
3281:
3276:
3271:
3270:
3269:
3259:
3254:
3249:
3248:
3247:
3236:
3234:
3228:
3227:
3224:
3223:
3221:
3220:
3219:
3218:
3217:
3216:
3211:
3206:
3201:
3191:
3186:
3181:
3171:
3170:
3169:
3168:
3167:
3157:
3152:
3147:
3142:
3137:
3126:
3124:
3118:
3117:
3115:
3114:
3113:
3112:
3107:
3105:Syro-Malankara
3102:
3097:
3092:
3087:
3082:
3077:
3072:
3067:
3062:
3057:
3055:Italo-Albanian
3052:
3047:
3042:
3037:
3032:
3027:
3022:
3017:
3012:
3007:
3002:
2997:
2987:
2981:
2979:
2969:
2968:
2966:
2965:
2964:
2963:
2958:
2953:
2943:
2938:
2937:
2936:
2926:
2925:
2924:
2919:
2909:
2904:
2903:
2902:
2897:
2892:
2887:
2873:
2866:
2864:
2858:
2857:
2855:
2854:
2849:
2844:
2839:
2838:
2837:
2832:
2827:
2822:
2817:
2812:
2807:
2802:
2797:
2792:
2782:
2781:
2780:
2775:
2764:
2762:
2751:
2750:
2748:
2747:
2742:
2737:
2732:
2727:
2725:Lateran Treaty
2722:
2717:
2712:
2706:
2704:
2698:
2697:
2695:
2694:
2689:
2684:
2683:
2682:
2672:
2671:
2670:
2665:
2651:
2646:
2637:
2635:
2620:
2594:
2593:
2591:
2590:
2585:
2580:
2575:
2570:
2565:
2560:
2555:
2550:
2545:
2544:
2543:
2538:
2527:
2525:
2519:
2518:
2516:
2515:
2514:
2513:
2508:
2498:
2497:
2496:
2486:
2483:
2478:
2473:
2468:
2463:
2461:Moral theology
2458:
2452:
2450:
2444:
2443:
2440:
2439:
2437:
2436:
2431:
2428:
2423:
2418:
2413:
2408:
2403:
2398:
2393:
2387:
2385:
2379:
2378:
2376:
2375:
2370:
2365:
2364:
2363:
2353:
2348:
2343:
2338:
2332:
2330:
2324:
2323:
2321:
2320:
2315:
2308:
2303:
2298:
2291:
2286:
2285:
2284:
2279:
2269:
2264:
2259:
2251:
2249:
2243:
2242:
2240:
2239:
2234:
2233:
2232:
2225:
2220:
2212:
2207:
2202:
2197:
2192:
2187:
2182:
2177:
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2632:List of popes
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2289:Infallibility
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2165:Body and soul
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2068:Enlightenment
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2039:Protestantism
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2019:
2017:
2016:Scholasticism
2014:
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2001:Schism (1378)
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4713:Architecture
4607:Confirmation
4555:Ecclesiology
4486:Original sin
4476:Nicene Creed
4273:Old Catholic
4157:Papal States
4089:Great Church
4055:Resurrection
3997:Christianity
3954:New Covenant
3905:(Scriptures)
3850:Christianity
3778:Universities
3610:Third orders
3573:Associations
3563:Visitandines
3558:Trinitarians
3508:Mercedarians
3493:Hieronymites
3438:Camaldoleses
3423:Benedictines
3413:Augustinians
3373:
3366:
3359:
3340:Vatican News
3294:Distinctions
3266:
3100:Syro-Malabar
2985:Latin Church
2907:Grand master
2805:Metropolitan
2702:Vatican City
2597:Organisation
2476:Philosophers
2341:Confirmation
2318:In canon law
2312:Subsistit in
2310:
2306:Three states
2293:
2254:
2247:Ecclesiology
2229:Nova Vulgata
2227:
2185:Original sin
2180:Nicene Creed
2170:Divine grace
2129:
2011:Universities
1981:Papal States
1908:Great Church
1850:Resurrection
1827:Early Church
1718:
1712:
1701:google books
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1237:Parmigianino
1230:
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912:
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866:
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666:
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48:Jan van Eyck
37:
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5044:Altarpieces
4974:Persecution
4909:Christendom
4902:Cooperation
4839:Charismatic
4750:Holy Spirit
4659:Natural law
4622:Holy orders
4471:Christology
4464:Holy Spirit
4333:Pentecostal
4313:Evangelical
4308:Charismatic
4152:Monasticism
4144:Middle Ages
4107:Constantine
4050:Crucifixion
3932:Foundations
3768:Health care
3754:Pax Christi
3706:Schoenstatt
3671:Sant'Egidio
3503:Legionaries
3483:Franciscans
3458:Cistercians
3453:Carthusians
3408:Annonciades
3267:Altarpieces
3160:West Syriac
3155:East Syriac
3135:Alexandrian
2759:Holy orders
2740:Swiss Guard
2680:Dicasteries
2675:Roman Curia
2573:Evangelists
2531:Holy Family
2466:Personalism
2456:Natural law
2434:Josephology
2368:Holy orders
2006:Inquisition
1963:Middle Ages
1953:Monasticism
1921:Constantine
1845:Crucifixion
1677:"Murrays":
1622:Wright, 316
1520:DeGreve, 17
1509:antependium
1494:Murrays, 10
1482:DeGreve, 16
1430:DeGreve, 13
1392:DeGreve, 13
1334:DeGreve, 12
1325:Murrays, 11
1082:, c. 1435,
947:Hermen Rode
919:iconostasis
869:high altars
837:Renaissance
551:Kanzelaltar
515:Last Supper
352:Middle Ages
309:Scandinavia
197:reliquaries
100:Middle Ages
18:Altarpieces
5033:Categories
4888:Prosperity
4864:Liberation
4804:Cathedrals
4789:Pilgrimage
4774:Literature
4651:Philosophy
4587:Sacraments
4560:Four marks
4521:Protestant
4496:Born again
4293:Anabaptist
4283:Protestant
4225:Influences
4187:Modern era
3891:By country
3523:Oratorians
3478:Dominicans
3448:Carmelites
3443:Camillians
3391:institutes
3204:Tridentine
3140:Antiochian
3060:Macedonian
3005:Belarusian
2895:Provincial
2810:Archbishop
2730:Roman Rota
2692:Properties
2617:By country
2613:Precedence
2578:Confessors
2558:Archangels
2548:Patriarchs
2448:Philosophy
2426:Veneration
2391:Assumption
2361:Last rites
2328:Sacraments
2272:Four marks
2083:Vatican II
2031:Modern era
1867:Succession
1691:0198661657
1648:References
1247:Assumption
1180:(1516) by
1160:Kefermarkt
1142:Veit Stoss
1140:(1489) by
1117:(1481) by
1054:(1432) by
1017:, Florence
987:altarpiece
966:Pala d'Oro
821:polychrome
721:). In the
715:Neo-Gothic
581:Assumption
566:Assumption
527:sacraments
506:iconoclasm
358:and later
336:Rothenburg
283:(pictured)
269:, notably
228:Pala d'Oro
205:Catalonian
155:polyptychs
144:feast days
68:altarpiece
42:(1432) by
4964:Criticism
4914:Ecumenism
4878:Mysticism
4844:Democracy
4834:Anarchism
4821:Movements
4784:Mythology
4762:Catechism
4757:Education
4674:Evolution
4597:Eucharist
4580:Canon law
4538:Theotokos
4533:Mariology
4491:Salvation
4481:Tradition
4328:Methodist
4288:Adventist
4122:Chalcedon
3764:See also:
3716:Charities
3625:Discalced
3553:Trappists
3548:Theatines
3518:Olivetans
3463:Clarisses
3433:Blue nuns
3418:Basilians
3395:societies
3303:See also:
3189:Mozarabic
3179:Ambrosian
3165:Malankara
3150:Byzantine
3110:Ukrainian
3085:Ruthenian
3050:Hungarian
3035:Ethiopian
3010:Bulgarian
2977:sui iuris
2961:Postulant
2870:Religious
2825:Auxiliary
2820:Coadjutor
2790:Patriarch
2658:Cardinals
2605:Canon law
2601:Hierarchy
2583:Disciples
2506:Relations
2494:Evolution
2485:See also:
2430:See also:
2383:Mariology
2373:Matrimony
2346:Eucharist
2267:Ecumenism
2195:Salvation
2131:Catechism
2126:Tradition
2088:Communism
1936:Chalcedon
1226:Mannerist
1172:, c. 1504
1170:Giorgione
939:polyptych
873:canon law
833:polyptych
819:, either
612:Predellas
542:Calvinism
417:, c. 1519
321:salvation
287:polyptych
213:Barcelona
159:triptychs
148:sacristan
72:sculpture
56:polyptych
5018:Category
4883:Pacifism
4697:features
4681:Politics
4634:Ablution
4602:Marriage
4506:Catholic
4436:Theology
4343:Reformed
4323:Lutheran
4318:Holiness
4298:Anglican
4268:Catholic
4172:Crusades
4117:Nicaea I
4067:Apostles
4040:Miracles
4035:Parables
4025:Ministry
4015:Nativity
3979:timeline
3876:Prophets
3871:Glossary
3808:Category
3701:Opus Dei
3686:Scouting
3676:Focolare
3543:Servites
3528:Piarists
3473:Crosiers
3209:Anglican
3145:Armenian
3075:Romanian
3065:Maronite
3040:Georgian
3030:Eritrean
3015:Chaldean
3000:Armenian
2995:Albanian
2876:Superior
2835:Emeritus
2815:Diocesan
2668:Advisers
2627:Holy See
2553:Prophets
2511:Politics
2282:Catholic
2262:Councils
2117:Theology
1996:Crusades
1931:Nicaea I
1862:Apostles
1840:Ministry
1809:Timeline
1789:Glossary
1505:paliotto
1224:, 1521,
1041:Masaccio
1013:, 1423,
858:Cividale
846:predella
829:triptych
754:predelle
651:concetto
531:predella
167:predella
163:Diptychs
4947:Related
4740:Trinity
4705:Culture
4669:Science
4639:Hygiene
4629:Mission
4612:Penance
4592:Baptism
4528:Worship
4501:Liturgy
4449:Trinity
4360:Eastern
4338:Quakers
4303:Baptist
4260:Western
4250:members
4020:Baptism
3974:History
3964:Worship
3866:Outline
3773:Schools
3729:Caritas
3637:Secular
3603:Workers
3498:Jesuits
3284:Museums
3279:Library
3257:Writers
3252:Artists
3232:Culture
3199:Paul VI
3080:Russian
3070:Melkite
2912:Brother
2890:General
2830:Titular
2800:Primate
2778:Eparchy
2768:Diocese
2715:Outline
2654:College
2644:Francis
2588:Virgins
2563:Martyrs
2489:Science
2396:History
2351:Penance
2336:Baptism
2237:Worship
2210:Vulgate
2158:Kingdom
2153:Trinity
2141:General
1896:Primacy
1804:History
1784:Outline
1669:25 July
1599:27 July
1302:27 July
959:Estonia
955:Tallinn
945:master
896:reredos
892:retable
825:diptych
813:reliefs
801:reredos
796:retable
790:reredos
607:Baroque
605:In the
601:Baroque
449:Raphael
445:in aria
392:Bologna
371:in the
360:Antwerp
350:As the
177:History
88:reredos
4664:Ethics
4545:Saints
4454:Father
4373:Church
3985:spread
3949:Gospel
3939:Church
3881:People
3651:Fimcap
3593:Marian
3513:Minims
3245:Marian
3095:Syriac
3090:Slovak
3020:Coptic
2956:Oblate
2951:Master
2946:Novice
2941:Hermit
2929:Sister
2885:Abbess
2852:Deacon
2847:Priest
2842:Parish
2785:Bishop
2755:Polity
2541:Joseph
2523:Saints
2190:Saints
2078:Nazism
1689:
1566:
1541:
1507:is an
1457:
1373:
1258:, 1626
1252:Rubens
1210:Venice
1202:Titian
1190:Colmar
1150:KrakĂłw
1056:Hubert
1045:fresco
1015:Uffizi
991:Duccio
985:MaestĂ
978:Venice
943:LĂĽbeck
888:screen
862:gilded
809:Rubens
683:stucco
679:Rococo
675:relief
616:Rubens
576:Titian
561:Titian
533:scene
496:, 1547
388:Venice
365:guilds
356:LĂĽbeck
338:: The
311:, the
232:Venice
224:Christ
136:fresco
132:Murals
128:canvas
76:relief
58:panel
44:Hubert
4873:Right
4779:Music
4730:Jesus
4695:Other
4550:Angel
4005:Jesus
3995:Early
3944:Creed
3913:Canon
3901:Bible
3861:Index
3749:CIDSE
3598:Youth
3322:Media
3289:Music
3214:Zaire
3194:Roman
3184:Braga
3174:Latin
3045:Greek
2917:Friar
2881:Abbot
2795:Major
2710:Index
2609:Laity
2175:Dogma
2122:Bible
2098:Islam
2054:Trent
1835:Jesus
1817:Legal
1779:Index
1659:(PDF)
1417:, in
1263:Notes
1168:, by
1084:Prado
1068:Ghent
999:Siena
923:icons
908:ivory
884:choir
695:Tyrol
474:PietĂ
342:, by
271:icons
82:of a
80:altar
4869:Left
4769:Flag
4735:Mary
4246:list
3274:Folk
2922:Monk
2663:List
2641:Pope
2536:Mary
1687:ISBN
1671:2014
1601:2014
1564:ISBN
1539:ISBN
1455:ISBN
1371:ISBN
1304:2014
1058:and
852:The
841:pala
540:But
472:the
441:pala
390:and
220:Mary
46:and
36:The
4725:Art
4459:Son
4444:God
3588:Lay
3240:Art
2934:Nun
2656:of
2148:God
1250:by
1235:by
1220:by
1130:by
1105:by
1039:by
1009:by
953:in
894:or
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733:'s
669:in
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645:in
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463:by
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1312:^
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