958:
970:
1344:, formalized the ilobolo payment to 10 cattle for commoners (plus the ingquthu cow for the mother), 15 for hereditary chief siblings and 20-plus for the daughters of a chief. They found it too lenient to let the groom give whatever amount he wanted, so they decided to establish a specific number of cattle that would be needed before or at the start of the marriage. This has been accepted by Zulu men who were educated in mission schools, but according to more ritual people this became âuntraditionalâ. Additionally, with the instauration of the Natal Code, some Zulu men decided to settle another way in which they could decrease the ilobo: offer a token payment or bring a present for the father of the prospective bride to decrease the
966:
an attempt to grab the attention of someone of the opposite sex. Also, the gifting of beadwork is a way of communicating interest with lovers. During the transition from single to married women, beadwork is shown through a beaded cloth apron worn over a pleated leather skirt. As for older or mature women, beadwork is displayed in detailed headdresses and cowhide skirts that extend past the knee. These long skirts are also seen on unmarried women and young marriageable-age girls. Men are more conservative when wearing beadwork. However, when a young boy is seen wearing multiple necklaces, it is a sign that he is highly interested in these gifts from various girls. The more gifts he wears, the higher the prestige he obtains.
949:
design of the beads often conveys a particular message. However, one must know the context of their use to read the message correctly. Depending on the area in which the beadwork was made, some designs can depict different messages compared to other areas. A message could be embedded into the colours and structure of the beads or could be strictly for decorative purposes. Beadwork can be worn in everyday use but is often worn during important occasions such as weddings, or ceremonies. For example, beadwork is featured during the coming of age for a young girl or worn during dances. The beaded elements complement the costumes worn by the Zulu people to bring out a sense of finery or prestige.
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893:
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915:. This traditional ceremony is performed by young women from all parts of the kingdom to perform in front of the monarch and his guests. The purpose of this event is to promote pride in virginity and to restrain sexual relationships. Beadwork is a prominent attire that is worn at the Umhlanga. The beadwork is not only worn by the dancers but by the guests as well. The Umhlanga is not purely for a time of dance. The King also uses this time to speak to the young men and women of the nation. The King discusses current political issues.
940:, medallions of war. Often worn as a necklace, the beads were displayed in a criss-cross formation across the shoulders. This assemblage of beads by the warriors represented a symbol of bravery. Before the use of glass was apparent to the Zulu, beadwork was derived from wood, seeds and berries. It was not until the arrival of Europeans that glass became a trade material with the Portuguese, which soon became abundantly available to the Zulu.
1078:
insults made towards them. Other reasons some men choose to learn are for sporting purposes, proving skills or manliness, and self-defence. The goal of stick fighting is to injure the opponent and sometimes even kill. There are rules of etiquette that must be abided by when stick fighting. The men can only fight a man the same age as them. One cannot hit the opponent when they lose their stick. Only sticks are allowed when fighting.
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1336:. In pre-capitalist Zulu society, ilobolo was inextricably linked to the ownership of cattle. During that time, there was not a fixed number of cattle required for the wedding to happen; it could be paid before the marriage or during the marriage. The groom takes the cattle from his father's herd to perpetuate the family heritage. Nonetheless, this ritual changed during colonisation because in 1869,
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1310:. The killing of the bull is part of Ukweshwama, an annual ceremony that celebrates a new harvest. It is a day of prayer when Zulus thank their creator and their ancestors. By tradition, a new regiment of young warriors is asked to confront a bull to prove its courage, inheriting the beast's strength as it expires. It is believed this power was then transferred to the Zulu king.
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657:("Crushing") that depopulated large areas of southern Africa. It was during this period when Shaka deployed an army regiment for raiding tribes in the North. The regiment which was under Mzilikazi disobeyed Shaka and crafted a plan to continue raiding up-North forming another dialect of Zulu language referred to as
1095:
reveals her singleness by wearing less clothing. Single women typically do not wear clothing to cover their head, breasts, legs and shoulders. Engaged women wear hairnets to show their marital status to society and married women cover themselves in clothing and headdresses. Also, women are taught to
1050:
is a ceremony for women who turn 21 years of age. It represents a huge transition in the woman's life because it is a symbol of her being ready to accept a boyfriend and even get married. Additionally, each stage of a Zulu's life is determined by a specific type of clothing. An unmarried woman wears
965:
Beadwork is worn by all men, women, and children at any age. Depending on which stage of life an individual is in, the beadwork indicates different meanings. Beadwork is predominantly worn when young Zulu people are courting or in search of love affairs. The wearing of decorative beadwork can act as
1068:
The Zulu people govern under a patriarchal society. Men are perceived as the head of the household and seen as authoritative figures. Zulu men identify themselves with great pride and dignity. They also compare themselves to qualities of powerful wild animals such as bulls, lions and elephants. The
691:. Under the British terms delivered to the Zulu, Cetshwayo would have been required to disband his army and accept British sovereignty. Cetshwayo refused, and war between the Zulus and African contingents of the British crown began on January 12, 1879. Despite an early victory for the Zulus at the
1041:
Zulus wear a variety of attire, both traditional for ceremonial or culturally celebratory occasions, and modern
Westernised clothing for everyday use. The women dress differently depending on whether they are single, engaged, or married. The men wore a leather belt with two strips of hide hanging
1086:
The women in Zulu society often perform domestic chores such as cleaning, raising children, collecting water and firewood, laundry, tending to crops, cooking, and making clothes. Women can be considered as the sole income earners of the household. A woman's stages of life lead up to the goal of
1077:
The art of stick fighting is a celebration of manhood for Zulu men. These men can begin to learn this fighting art form as young as the age of five years old. There are multiple reasons why men learn how to stick fight. For example, men may want to learn so that they can set right any wrongs or
948:
Beadwork is a form of communication for the Zulu people. Typically when one is wearing multiple beads, it is a sign of wealth. The more beads one is wearing, the wealthier they are perceived. The beads have the potential to convey information about a person's age, gender and marital status. The
1045:
In South Africa, the miniskirt has existed since pre-colonial times. In
African cultures, such as the Basotho, the Batswana, the Bapedi, the Amaswati and the AmaZulu, women wore traditional miniskirts as cultural attire. These skirts are not seen as shameless, but are used to cover the women's
1011:
The colours of beads might hold different meanings based on the area that they originated from. It is often that this can lead to misrepresentation or confusion when attempting to understand what the beadwork is communicating. One cannot assume that the colour system is standard across
1168:) who is above interacting in day-to-day human life, although this belief appears to have originated from efforts by early Christian missionaries to frame the idea of the Christian God in Zulu terms. Traditionally, the more strongly held Zulu belief was in ancestor spirits (
1051:
a skirt and nothing on top, but as she grows up, the woman starts to cover up her body because a time will come when she will be a married woman and an old woman. Nonetheless, a special type of clothing is reserved for pregnant women. When a woman is pregnant she wears an
787:) was created for the Zulu people. In 1970, the Bantu Homeland Citizenship Act provided that all Zulus would become citizens of KwaZulu, losing their South African citizenship. KwaZulu consisted of many disconnected pieces of land, in what is now
1069:
men contribute to society by acting as defenders, hunters, and lovers. The Zulu men are also in charge of herding the cattle, educating themselves on the lives of disciplined warriors, creating weapons, and learning the art of stick fighting.
830:. For example, Inkatha was opposed to the armed struggle, and sanctions against South Africa. Inkatha was initially on good terms with the ANC, but the two organisations came into increasing conflict beginning in 1976 in the aftermath of the
2447:
Voyage dans l'Afrique
Australe : notamment dans le territoire de Natal dans celui des Cafres Amazoulous et Makatisses et jusqu'au tropique du Capricorne, exécuté durant les années 1838, 1839, 1840, 1841, 1842, 1843 &
795:â worse land previously reserved for whites contiguous to existing areas of KwaZulu. By 1993, approximately 5.2 million Zulu people lived in KwaZulu, and approximately 2 million lived in the rest of South Africa. The
723:
After
Cetshwayo's capture a month following his defeat, the British divided the Zulu Empire into 13 "kinglets". The sub-kingdoms fought amongst each other until 1883 when Cetshwayo was reinstated as king over
957:
422:
The art and skill of beadwork take part in the identification of Zulu people and act as a form of communication and dedication to the tribe and specific traditions. Today the Zulu people are predominately
2476:
Among the Zulus and
Amatongas : with sketches of the natives, their language and customs; and the country, products, climate, wild animals, &c. being principally contributions to magazines and
2511:
Zululand and
Cetewayo : containing an account of Zulu customs, manners, and habits, after a short residence in their kraals, with portrait of Cetewayo, and 28 illustrations from original drawings
1016:. In some areas, the colour green symbolises jealousy in a certain area, but in other areas it symbolises grass. One must know the origin of the beadwork to interpret the message correctly.
969:
1264:) to be consumed to influence the ancestors. As such, diviners and herbalists play an important part in the daily lives of the Zulu people. However, a distinction is made between white
2788:
872:. More than half of the South African population can understand it, with over 13.78 million first-language and over 15 million second-language speakers. Many Zulu people also speak
514:
The Zulu nation's growth and strength were based on its military organization and skills during Shaka's reign and those of his successors. The military was organized around the
518:("to be enrolled") system, which did away with initiation ceremonies for the most part. Each age set, or group of young men of the same age, was assigned to the same regiment (
1352:
can be difficult for some families, but as it is often considered a symbol of pride and respect, many are willing to maintain this tradition as long as possible.
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Churches are also common. Nevertheless, many Zulus retain their traditional pre-Christian belief system of ancestor worship in parallel with their
Christianity.
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The Zulu people celebrate an annual event that was established in 1984 called the
Umhlanga or Reed Dance. This event takes place at the royal capital near
1617:
1332:. This term is particularly used by Zulu people when it comes to bride wealth. Every African ethnic group has different requirements when it comes to
1007:â a combination of any colours not consistent with other colour schemes. This colour scheme is often related to connotations of perfection and charm.
653:
featuring conscription, a standing army, new weaponry, regimentation, and encirclement battle tactics. Zulu expansion was a major factor of the
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1435:
1176:), who had the power to intervene in people's lives, for good or ill. This belief continues to be widespread among the modern Zulu population.
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1800:
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732:, one of the 13 kinglets, supported by Boer mercenaries. Cetshwayo died of a heart attack in February 1884, leaving his son, the 15-year-old
687:
In mid-December 1878, envoys of the
British crown delivered an ultimatum to 11 chiefs representing the then-current king of the Zulu empire,
2144:
2346:
Rudwick, Stephanie; Posel, Dorrit (2 January 2014). "Contemporary functions of ilobolo (bridewealth) in urban South
African Zulu society".
1055:", a thick belt made from dried grass, covered with glass or plastic beadwork, to support her swelling stomach and its additional weight.
791:. Hundreds of thousands of Zulu people living on privately owned "black spots" outside of KwaZulu were dispossessed and forcibly moved to
3191:
408:
They originated from Nguni communities who took part in the Bantu migrations over millennia. As the clans integrated, the rulership of
2698:
881:
736:, to inherit the throne. In-fighting between the Zulu continued for years until in 1897 Zululand was absorbed fully into the British
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Zululand and the Zulus : their history, beliefs, customs, military system, home life, legends, etc., etc., and missions to them
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Travels and adventures in eastern Africa, descriptive of the Zoolus, their manners, customs, etc. etc. : with a sketch of Natal
2224:
2191:
2048:
1980:
1918:
606:
487:, referring to their clan or family name). Nguni communities had migrated down Africa's east coast over millennia, as part of the
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The religious system of the Amazulu : izinyanga zokubula, or, divination, as existing among the Amazulu, in their own words
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3205:
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892:
491:. As the nation began to develop, the rulership of Shaka brought the clans together to build a cohesive identity for the Zulu.
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Various forms of beadwork are found in different colour schemes. Typically, there are four different types of colour schemes:
588:
2181:
989:â white, light blue, dark green, pale yellow, pink, red, black. This colour scheme is believed to have no specific meaning.
936:
The creation of beadwork dates back to the times of war for the Zulu people. This particular form of beadwork was known as
2805:
2797:
2535:
The washing of the spears : a history of the rise of the Zulu nation under Shaka and its fall in the Zulu War of 1879
2272:(Thesis). submitted in fulfillment of the requirements of the degree of Doctorate in Theology, University of South Africa.
2252:(Thesis). submitted in fulfillment of the requirements of the degree of Doctorate in Theology, University of Johannesburg.
394:
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584:
2389:
Posel, Dorrit; Rudwick, Stephanie (18 August 2014). "Marriage and Bridewealth (Ilobolo) in Contemporary Zulu Society".
1030:
842:
542:) located throughout the kingdom and under the command of a close relative to (or someone else appointed by) the king.
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2264:
1764:
1215:, or showing respect and generosity towards others, enhances one's moral standing or prestige in the community, one's
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and military commander trekked northwards crossing the Zambezi River at Chirundu in 1835 into Zambia setting up the
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826:. This organisation was nominally a protest movement against Apartheid but held more conservative views than the
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995:â light blue, grass green, bright yellow, red, black. This colour scheme derives from clans or clan areas.
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means "the crown of the nation". In 1975, Buthelezi revived the Inkatha YaKwaZulu, the predecessor of the
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1272:), which has positive effects, such as healing or the prevention or reversal of misfortune, and black
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Traditionally, the Zulu recognize several elements to be present in a human being: the physical body (
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The Rainbow Nation: A Critical Analysis of the Notions of Community in the Thinking of Desmond Tutu
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Christianity had difficulty gaining a foothold among the Zulu people, and when it did it was in a
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genitals. The skirts are called isigcebhezana and are essential in Zulu ceremonies. For example,
2615:
2040:
1280:), which can bring illness or death to others, or ill-gotten wealth to the user. Users of black
2216:
2090:
1001:â white, dark blue, grass green, red. This colour scheme also derives from clans or clan areas.
2827:
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Two Souls Leadership: Dynamic Interplay of Ubuntu, Western and New Testament Leadership Values
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2145:"Muthi, Medicine and Witchcraft: Regulating 'African Science' in Post-Apartheid South Africa?"
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defer to men and treat them with great respect. The women are always bound by a male figure.
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803:. In 1994, KwaZulu was joined with the province of Natal, to form the modern KwaZulu-Natal.
728:. This still did not stop the fighting and the Zulu monarch was forced to flee his realm by
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brought success to the Zulu nation due to his improved military tactics and organization.
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397:, with an estimated 14.39 million people, in total of which 13.78 million people live in
2091:"Lord of the Sky-King of the Earth: Zulu traditional religion and belief in the sky god"
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the ancestors through divination processes to determine the problem. Then, a herbalist (
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1864:
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553:("young men") were also responsible for the repair and maintenance of their barracks.
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2530:, Congregational Sunday-school and publishing society, Boston, Chicago, 1891, 300 p.
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645:, united what was once a confederation of tribes into an imposing empire under Zulu
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Borders of Beads: Questions of Identity in the Beadwork of the Zulu-Speaking People
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subgroup. Zulu is the most widely spoken language in South Africa, where it is an
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Rivages zoulous : l'environnement au service du politique en Afrique du Sud
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530:, but they were usually assigned to an age group rather than to a regiment. The
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Les zoulous et les cafres : mĆurs, coutumes, guerre avec les Anglais, etc.
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2565:, Pen & Sword Military, Barnsley (South Yorkshire, England), 2004, 198 p.
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Les Zoulous en Afrique du Sud : Ăveil d'un pays, rĂ©veil d'une ethnie
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2014:
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1219:. By contrast, acting in a negative way towards others can reduce the
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591: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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1416:, Emmanuelle Bidou, Centre national de la cinématographie, Paris, 2002
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Ethnicité et stratégies nationalistes : les Zoulous et l'Inkatha
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Married Zulu women wearing headdresses at annual Reed Dance ceremony.
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Trois mois chez les Zoulous et les derniers jours du Prince impérial
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2457:, J.A. Blair, Springvale (Natal), 1870, 448 p. (rééd. ultérieures)
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tribe that extended to Malawi, Mozambique and Southern Tanzania.
2622:, L'Harmattan, Paris (Collection Ătudes africaines) 2002, 250 p.
2609:, Centre de recherches et d'analyses géopolitiques, 1996, 708 p.
1975:. Cape Town, South Africa: Struik Publishers. pp. 103â109.
719:
in the late nineteenth century, with Europeans in the background
650:
444:
The Zulu were originally a minor clan in what is today Northern
2770:
2674:
Chaka, empereur des Zoulous : histoire, mythes et légendes
1616:
International Marketing Council of South Africa (9 July 2003).
526:, plural), according to the system. Girls were also subject to
1211:) only if certain conditions were met in life. Behaving with
1149:, although membership of major European Churches, such as the
799:
of KwaZulu, from its creation in 1970 (as Zululand) was Chief
560:
549:, but on a much larger scale. Aside from military duties, the
1306:
Furthermore, the Zulu people also practice a ceremony called
369:
363:
2755:
History section of the official page for the Zululand region
1164:
Traditional Zulu religion includes belief in a creator God (
1133:. Some of the most common churches to which they belong are
2691:
Zulu Rising: The Epic Story of Isandlwana and Rorke's Drift
1087:
marriage. As a woman approaches puberty, she is known as a
633:
The Zulu formed a powerful state in 1816 under the leader
2599:, Paris, Masson & Armand Colin Ăditeurs, 1997, 253 p.
2311:"Spilling the Blood of Bulls to Preserve Zulu Tradition"
1913:. New York, New York: Thames and Hudson. pp. 1â96.
545:
The barracks were designed and laid out similarly to an
2547:, Destiny Books, Rochester (Vt), 2003 (Ă©d. 1996 :
2467:
Canonici, Noverino. "The trickster in Zulu folktales."
699:, and decisively defeated the Zulu army by July at the
431:
that is combined with the Zulu's prior belief systems.
419:, or Reed Dance, and their various forms of beadwork.
360:
2545:
Zulu shaman : dreams, prophecies, and mysteries
2537:, Simon & Schuster, New York, 1971, 1965, 655 p.
366:
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3282:
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3124:
3075:
3055:
3003:
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1996:
1994:
1992:
1596:"The Zulu people group are reported in 7 countries"
695:on 22 January, the British fought back and won the
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189:
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2513:, Simpkin, Marshall, and Co, Londres, 1882, 219 p.
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2001:Boram-Hayes, Carol (Summer 2005). "African Arts".
475:At that time, the area was occupied by many large
665:who was Shakas relative from the Gumbi Clan from
415:Zulus take pride in their ceremonies such as the
2589:, Université de Bordeaux 4, 1996, 2 vol., 712 p.
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1825:"Interpreting the Exodus Among the Ngoni People"
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1284:are considered witches, and shunned by society.
860:The language of the Zulu people is "isiZulu", a
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1034:Interior space of a traditional beehive hut or
30:"Amazulu" redirects here. For other uses, see
2782:
2506:, Librairie de J. Lefort, Lille, 1880, 196 p.
2150:Social Dynamics: A Journal of African Studies
1195:); and the "shadow" prestige or personality (
763:Zulu man performing traditional warrior dance
8:
649:. Shaka built a militarized system known as
534:were housed in military barracks (singular,
42:
2486:, Kerby & Endean, Londres, 1879, 151 p.
2138:
2136:
1129:Most Zulu people state their beliefs to be
2810:
2789:
2775:
2767:
2579:, AmaZulu Publishers, Le Cap, 2000, 301 p.
2464:Kwazulu-Natal University: PhD diss., 1995.
2462:Tricksters and trickery in Zulu folktales.
2183:Encyclopedia of African religion, Volume 1
1326:
1303:) which incorporated traditional customs.
1242:To appeal to the spirit world, a diviner (
896:Zulu people gather at Reed Dance ceremony.
50:
41:
2215:. C. Hurst & Co. Publishers. p.
2041:10.23943/princeton/9780691167565.001.0001
1865:"Ethnologue report for language code ZUL"
1840:
1711:
607:Learn how and when to remove this message
2632:, Ăditions du Rocher, Paris 2004, 317 p.
2284:"Art & Life in Africa Online - Zulu"
1299:, presented a form of Christianity (the
846:Map of South Africa showing the primary
2439:, Edward Churton, Londres, 1836, 2 vol.
2348:Journal of Contemporary African Studies
1572:
661:(now in Zimbabwe). Another group under
479:communities and clans (also called the
395:ethnic group and nation in South Africa
27:A Nguni ethnic group in Southern Africa
2561:Jonathan Sutherland et Diane Canwell,
2479:, Wm. Gilchrist, Glasgow, 1875, 436 p.
2243:Abraham Modisa Mkhondo Mzondi (2009).
1620:. www.southafrica.info. Archived from
637:. Shaka, as the Zulu commander of the
294:
2597:L'Afrique du Sud et les Ătats voisins
2180:Molefi K. Asante, Ama Mazama (2009).
850:speech area in shades of darker green
7:
2286:. University of Iowa. Archived from
1207:may live on as an ancestral spirit (
882:South Africa's 12 official languages
589:adding citations to reliable sources
69:Regions with significant populations
2263:Nwamilorho Joseph Tshawane (2009).
2211:Zulu thought-patterns and symbolism
2127:The Religious System of the Amazulu
1348:amount to be paid. The payment of
1342:Natal Secretary for Native Affairs
393:. The Zulu people are the largest
25:
2521:Au pays des Zoulous et des cafres
2309:Bearak, Barry (8 December 2009).
1324:Zulu people have a system called
864:; more specifically, part of the
2742:
1510:
565:
353:
192:
172:
152:
133:
114:
94:
75:
2563:The Zulu kings and their armies
2031:Sanders, Mark (22 March 2016).
1909:Preston-Whyte, Eleanor (1994).
1795:. Pearson Longman. p. 22.
1644:"Zulu - Worldwide distribution"
1147:United African Apostolic Church
1120:United African Apostolic Church
576:needs additional citations for
2659:, Granger frĂšres, 1981, 48 p.
2523:, Barbou, Limoges, 1882, 88 p.
2035:. Princeton University Press.
1823:Zulu, Edwin (14 August 2012).
1:
2798:Ethnic groups in South Africa
1187:); the breath or life force (
449:
435:History of the people of Zulu
2676:, L'Harmattan, 1991, 251 p.
2360:10.1080/02589001.2014.900310
1618:"South Africa grows to 44.8"
483:people or nation, or called
401:, mainly in the province of
2528:Forty years among the Zulus
2460:Canonici, Noverino Noemio.
2207:Axel-Ivar Berglund (1976).
2065:"Traditional Zulu Clothing"
495:Strength of the Zulu nation
3419:
2693:, Macmillan Edition, 2010
2595:Philippe Gervais-Lambony,
1694:Groenewald, H. C. (2003).
1371:
1359:Traditional Zulu dance by
1317:
1227:can fade away completely.
1135:African Initiated Churches
1103:
1023:
899:
853:
812:
752:
680:
618:
510:, strikes a warrior's pose
29:
2642:, Karthala, 2006, 250 p.
1789:W. D. Rubinstein (2004).
1737:The Earth and Its Peoples
1106:Zulu traditional religion
677:Conflict with the British
385:) are a native people of
258:
242:
214:
63:
49:
2620:L'Empire de Chaka Zoulou
2519:Ămile de La BĂ©dolliĂšre,
2496:, E. Dentu, 1879, 370 p.
2453:Henry Callaway (R. P.),
1741:Houghton Mifflin Company
1497:Sid Meier's Civilization
1422:, Emmanuelle Bidou, 2004
32:Amazulu (disambiguation)
2502:Bénédict Henry Révoil,
2471:1, no. 1 (1994): 43â56.
2450:, A. René, 1847, 2 vol.
2121:Henry Callaway (1870).
1769:EncyclopĂŠdia Britannica
1301:Nazareth Baptist Church
1143:Nazareth Baptist Church
973:Zulu beadwork necklace.
697:Battle at Rorke's Drift
2541:Vusamazulu Credo Mutwa
2509:Walter Robert Ludlow,
2391:African Studies Review
2143:Adam Ashforth (2005).
2101:University of Waterloo
2089:Irving Hexham (1979).
1670:"Zulu in South Africa"
1364:
1327:
1295:, considered the Zulu
1258:) prepares a mixture (
1239:
1126:
1118:Zulu worshippers at a
1038:
974:
962:
961:Zulu beadwork necklace
923:
897:
880:and others from among
851:
764:
720:
630:
511:
427:, but have created a
382:
2712:The People of the Sky
2526:Josiah Tyler (Rev.),
1971:Derwent, Sue (1998).
1867:. www.ethnologue.com.
1713:10.1353/ort.2004.0017
1536:Inkatha Freedom Party
1526:Battle of Blood River
1358:
1233:
1203:leaves the body, the
1139:Zion Christian Church
1117:
1042:down front and back.
1033:
972:
960:
921:
895:
845:
824:Inkatha Freedom Party
815:Inkatha Freedom Party
762:
714:
707:Absorption into Natal
628:
502:
254:Related ethnic groups
2751:at Wikimedia Commons
2482:James Anson Farrer,
2445:Adulphe Delegorgue,
2123:"Part I:uNkulunkulu"
1765:"Shaka (Zulu chief)"
1338:Theophilus Shepstone
1100:Religion and beliefs
801:Mangosuthu Buthelezi
693:Battle of Isandlwana
585:improve this article
2726:The sons of the sky
2630:L'Ăclipse des Dieux
2605:François Lafargue,
2403:10.1017/asr.2014.47
2157:(2). Archived from
2096:Studies in Religion
1911:Speaking with Beads
1792:Genocide: A History
1518:South Africa portal
1456:When the Lion Feeds
1374:List of Zulu people
944:Purpose of beadwork
932:History of beadwork
46:
2757:, Zululand.kzn.org
2710:Walton Golightly,
2533:Donald R. Morris,
2435:Nathaniel Isaacs,
2315:The New York Times
2009:(2): 38â49+92â93.
1541:List of Zulu kings
1379:In popular culture
1365:
1240:
1189:umoya womphefumulo
1127:
1039:
975:
963:
924:
898:
852:
765:
721:
631:
512:
429:syncretic religion
3385:
3384:
3071:
3070:
2747:Media related to
2720:Philippe Morvan,
2682:978-2-7384-0836-5
2665:978-0-88551-503-5
2648:978-2-84586-767-3
2628:Tidiane N'Diaye,
2585:VĂ©ronique Faure,
2571:978-1-84415-060-1
2557:978-0-89281-129-8
2549:Song of the Stars
1802:978-0-582-50601-5
1750:978-0-618-77148-6
1674:joshuaproject.net
1668:Project, Joshua.
1473:James A. Michener
1137:, especially the
1110:Zulu Christianity
870:official language
641:and successor to
617:
616:
609:
506:, nephew of King
346:
345:
293:
292:
16:(Redirected from
3410:
3317:
3312:
3200:
3161:
3154:
3147:
2994:
2980:
2973:
2959:
2952:
2945:
2937:Basotho/S. Sotho
2918:
2911:
2897:
2890:
2883:
2876:
2811:
2791:
2784:
2777:
2768:
2763:, wakahina.co.za
2746:
2722:Les fils du ciel
2719:
2671:
2654:
2637:
2627:
2614:
2604:
2594:
2584:
2518:
2501:
2491:
2444:
2423:
2422:
2386:
2380:
2379:
2343:
2334:
2333:
2331:
2329:
2306:
2300:
2299:
2297:
2295:
2280:
2274:
2273:
2271:
2260:
2254:
2253:
2251:
2240:
2234:
2233:
2214:
2204:
2198:
2197:
2177:
2171:
2170:
2168:
2166:
2140:
2131:
2130:
2118:
2112:
2111:
2109:
2107:
2086:
2080:
2079:
2077:
2075:
2061:
2055:
2054:
2028:
2019:
2018:
1998:
1987:
1986:
1968:
1925:
1924:
1906:
1869:
1868:
1861:
1855:
1854:
1844:
1820:
1814:
1813:
1811:
1809:
1786:
1780:
1779:
1777:
1775:
1761:
1755:
1754:
1735:Bulliet (2008).
1732:
1726:
1725:
1715:
1691:
1685:
1684:
1682:
1680:
1665:
1659:
1658:
1656:
1654:
1640:
1634:
1633:
1631:
1629:
1613:
1607:
1606:
1604:
1602:
1592:
1520:
1515:
1514:
1513:
1442:A Zulu Christmas
1330:
978:Colours of beads
749:KwaZulu homeland
701:Battle of Ulundi
659:Northern Ndebele
612:
605:
601:
598:
592:
569:
561:
489:Bantu migrations
457:Zulu kaMalandela
454:
451:
376:
375:
372:
371:
368:
365:
362:
359:
295:
280:Northern Ndebele
276:Southern Ndebele
202:
198:
196:
195:
182:
178:
176:
175:
162:
158:
156:
155:
139:
137:
136:
124:
120:
118:
117:
104:
100:
98:
97:
81:
79:
78:
59:Total population
54:
47:
21:
3418:
3417:
3413:
3412:
3411:
3409:
3408:
3407:
3388:
3387:
3386:
3381:
3325:
3315:
3308:
3278:
3245:
3196:
3157:
3150:
3143:
3120:
3067:
3051:
2999:
2990:
2976:
2969:
2955:
2948:
2941:
2923:
2914:
2907:
2893:
2886:
2879:
2872:
2800:
2795:
2739:
2717:
2714:, Quercus, 2013
2707:
2669:
2652:
2638:Sylvain Guyot,
2635:
2625:
2616:Tidiane N'Diaye
2612:
2602:
2592:
2582:
2577:Zulu tribal art
2575:Alex Zaloumis,
2516:
2499:
2489:
2442:
2432:
2430:Further reading
2427:
2426:
2388:
2387:
2383:
2345:
2344:
2337:
2327:
2325:
2308:
2307:
2303:
2293:
2291:
2282:
2281:
2277:
2269:
2262:
2261:
2257:
2249:
2242:
2241:
2237:
2227:
2206:
2205:
2201:
2194:
2179:
2178:
2174:
2164:
2162:
2142:
2141:
2134:
2120:
2119:
2115:
2105:
2103:
2088:
2087:
2083:
2073:
2071:
2063:
2062:
2058:
2051:
2030:
2029:
2022:
2000:
1999:
1990:
1983:
1970:
1969:
1928:
1921:
1908:
1907:
1872:
1863:
1862:
1858:
1842:10.7833/108-1-9
1822:
1821:
1817:
1807:
1805:
1803:
1788:
1787:
1783:
1773:
1771:
1763:
1762:
1758:
1751:
1743:. p. 708.
1734:
1733:
1729:
1696:"Zulu Oral Art"
1693:
1692:
1688:
1678:
1676:
1667:
1666:
1662:
1652:
1650:
1642:
1641:
1637:
1627:
1625:
1615:
1614:
1610:
1600:
1598:
1594:
1593:
1574:
1569:
1516:
1511:
1509:
1506:
1481:, Caryl FĂ©rey,
1432:Joshua Sinclair
1381:
1376:
1370:
1322:
1316:
1181:inyama yomzimba
1112:
1104:Main articles:
1102:
1084:
1075:
1066:
1061:
1028:
1022:
980:
955:
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909:
904:
890:
858:
840:
832:Soweto Uprising
820:Inkatha YeSizwe
817:
811:
808:Inkatha YeSizwe
757:
751:
746:
744:Apartheid years
738:colony of Natal
709:
685:
679:
639:Mthethwa Empire
623:
613:
602:
596:
593:
582:
570:
559:
497:
461:Nguni languages
452:
442:
437:
387:Southern Africa
356:
352:
218:
193:
191:
190:
173:
171:
170:
153:
151:
150:
134:
132:
115:
113:
112:
95:
93:
92:
76:
74:
44:
40:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3416:
3414:
3406:
3405:
3400:
3390:
3389:
3383:
3382:
3380:
3379:
3374:
3369:
3364:
3359:
3354:
3349:
3344:
3339:
3333:
3331:
3327:
3326:
3324:
3323:
3320:
3319:
3318:
3313:
3303:
3300:
3297:
3296:Telegu/Andhras
3294:
3288:
3286:
3280:
3279:
3277:
3276:
3271:
3266:
3261:
3259:Cape Coloureds
3255:
3253:
3247:
3246:
3244:
3243:
3238:
3233:
3228:
3223:
3218:
3213:
3208:
3203:
3202:
3201:
3198:Afrikaner-Jews
3189:
3184:
3179:
3174:
3169:
3164:
3163:
3162:
3155:
3148:
3136:
3130:
3128:
3122:
3121:
3119:
3118:
3117:
3116:
3111:
3101:
3100:
3099:
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3085:
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3072:
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3066:
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3061:
3059:
3053:
3052:
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3049:
3046:
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3034:
3031:
3028:
3025:
3022:
3019:
3016:
3013:
3009:
3007:
3001:
3000:
2998:
2997:
2996:
2995:
2983:
2982:
2981:
2974:
2962:
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2933:
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2925:
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2922:
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2898:
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2884:
2877:
2865:
2860:
2855:
2850:
2845:
2840:
2835:
2830:
2825:
2819:
2817:
2808:
2806:Bantu-speaking
2802:
2801:
2796:
2794:
2793:
2786:
2779:
2771:
2765:
2764:
2758:
2752:
2738:
2737:External links
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2715:
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2699:978-1405091855
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2492:Paul Deléage,
2487:
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2474:David Leslie,
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2354:(1): 118â136.
2335:
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2290:on 31 May 2007
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1700:Oral Tradition
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1624:on 22 May 2005
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1420:Amours zoulous
1417:
1414:Ubuhle Bembali
1411:
1408:Douglas Hickox
1399:
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1380:
1377:
1372:Main article:
1369:
1366:
1318:Main article:
1315:
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1278:umuthi omnyama
1270:umuthi omhlope
1151:Dutch Reformed
1101:
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813:Main article:
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797:Chief Minister
753:Main article:
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2129:. Springvale.
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2050:9780691167565
2046:
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2038:
2034:
2033:Learning Zulu
2027:
2025:
2021:
2016:
2012:
2008:
2004:
1997:
1995:
1993:
1989:
1984:
1982:1-86872-082-9
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1561:Zulu language
1559:
1557:
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1544:
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1534:
1532:
1531:Gumboot dance
1529:
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1378:
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1368:Notable Zulus
1367:
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1335:
1331:
1329:
1321:
1313:
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1294:
1293:Isaiah Shembe
1290:
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916:
914:
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903:
902:Zulu calendar
894:
887:
885:
883:
879:
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871:
867:
863:
857:
856:Zulu language
849:
848:Zulu language
844:
837:
835:
833:
829:
825:
821:
816:
809:
806:
804:
802:
798:
794:
790:
789:KwaZulu-Natal
786:
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778:
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761:
756:
748:
743:
741:
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731:
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579:
574:This section
572:
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541:
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482:
478:
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462:
458:
447:
446:KwaZulu-Natal
439:
434:
432:
430:
426:
420:
418:
413:
411:
406:
404:
403:KwaZulu-Natal
400:
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384:
380:
374:
350:
341:
338:
334:
330:
327:
323:
319:
316:
312:
308:
305:
301:
296:
289:
285:
281:
277:
273:
272:Thembu people
269:
265:
261:
257:
252:
249:
248:Zulu religion
245:
241:
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221:
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188:
184:
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103:
90:
86:
84:
72:
67:
62:
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48:
37:
33:
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2929:Sotho-Tswana
2902:
2761:Izithakazelo
2730:Calmann-LĂ©vy
2725:
2721:
2711:
2690:
2673:
2672:Jean SĂ©vry,
2656:
2639:
2629:
2619:
2606:
2596:
2586:
2576:
2562:
2548:
2544:
2534:
2527:
2520:
2510:
2503:
2493:
2483:
2475:
2468:
2461:
2454:
2446:
2436:
2397:(2): 51â72.
2394:
2390:
2384:
2351:
2347:
2326:. Retrieved
2314:
2304:
2292:. Retrieved
2288:the original
2278:
2265:
2258:
2245:
2238:
2230:
2210:
2202:
2182:
2175:
2163:. Retrieved
2159:the original
2154:
2148:
2126:
2116:
2104:. Retrieved
2094:
2084:
2072:. Retrieved
2068:
2059:
2032:
2006:
2002:
1972:
1910:
1859:
1832:
1828:
1818:
1806:. Retrieved
1791:
1784:
1772:. Retrieved
1768:
1759:
1736:
1730:
1706:(1): 87â90.
1703:
1699:
1689:
1677:. Retrieved
1673:
1663:
1651:. Retrieved
1647:
1638:
1626:. Retrieved
1622:the original
1611:
1599:. Retrieved
1495:
1478:
1468:The Covenant
1466:
1461:Wilbur Smith
1454:
1441:
1425:
1419:
1413:
1401:
1389:
1349:
1345:
1334:bride wealth
1325:
1323:
1314:Bride wealth
1305:
1286:
1281:
1277:
1273:
1269:
1265:
1259:
1253:
1243:
1241:
1224:
1220:
1216:
1208:
1204:
1200:
1199:). Once the
1196:
1192:
1188:
1184:
1180:
1178:
1173:
1169:
1165:
1163:
1128:
1092:
1088:
1085:
1076:
1067:
1044:
1040:
1035:
1014:South Africa
1010:
1005:Isinyolovane
1004:
998:
992:
986:
981:
964:
947:
937:
935:
910:
859:
819:
818:
807:
784:
780:
766:
722:
686:
632:
621:Zulu Kingdom
603:
597:January 2010
594:
583:Please help
578:verification
575:
550:
546:
544:
539:
535:
531:
527:
523:
522:, singular;
519:
515:
513:
484:
480:
472:
468:
464:
443:
421:
414:
407:
399:South Africa
348:
347:
339:
328:
317:
306:
244:Christianity
83:South Africa
39:Ethnic group
36:
3403:Zulu topics
3398:Zulu people
3342:Zimbabweans
3264:Cape Malays
3241:Zimbabweans
3211:Mozambicans
3114:Strandloper
2881:Gqunukhwebe
2718:(in French)
2670:(in French)
2657:Les Zoulous
2655:John Mack,
2653:(in French)
2636:(in French)
2626:(in French)
2613:(in French)
2603:(in French)
2593:(in French)
2583:(in French)
2517:(in French)
2500:(in French)
2490:(in French)
2469:Alternation
2443:(in French)
2165:16 November
1601:29 November
1490:Video games
1396:Cy Endfield
1361:Paul AlmĂĄsy
1166:uNkulunkulu
1124:Oribi Gorge
663:Zwangendaba
453: 1574
349:Zulu people
43:Zulu people
3392:Categories
3372:Pakistanis
3305:Gujaratis
3226:Portuguese
3216:Norwegians
3152:Cape Dutch
3139:Afrikaners
2828:Mpondomise
2687:Ian Knight
2477:newspapers
2328:9 December
2231:isithunzi.
2106:26 October
2074:26 October
1774:30 October
1567:References
1551:Shaka Zulu
1427:Shaka Zulu
1308:Ukweshwama
1238:(diviners)
1223:, and the
1024:See also:
987:Isisshunka
900:See also:
793:bantustans
643:Dingiswayo
629:King Shaka
538:; plural,
471:or weather
448:, founded
288:San people
180:Mozambique
87:13,781,000
64:14,243,600
3357:Nigerians
3251:Coloureds
3159:Huguenots
3018:N'walungu
2551:), 224 p.
2419:146749403
2411:0002-0206
2376:145116947
2368:0258-9001
2323:0362-4331
1851:2305-445X
1829:Scriptura
1722:1542-4308
1483:Gallimard
1403:Zulu Dawn
1291:fashion.
1289:syncretic
1225:isithunzi
1221:isithunzi
1217:isithunzi
1205:isithunzi
1197:isithunzi
1170:amaThongo
1131:Christian
1053:"isibamba
1036:iQhugwane
993:Isithembu
769:apartheid
689:Cetshwayo
551:izinsizwa
540:amakhanda
528:ukubuthwa
516:ukubuthwa
459:. In the
425:Christian
210:Languages
3362:Japanese
3206:Lebanese
3187:Italians
3167:Angolans
3104:Khoekhoe
3030:Hlanganu
2978:Mabelane
2971:Balobedu
2957:Batlokwa
2858:Ndwandwe
2186:. Sage.
1504:See also
1236:sangomas
1174:amaDlozi
1159:Catholic
1155:Anglican
1093:tshitshi
1089:tshitshi
1020:Clothing
927:Beadwork
907:Umhlanga
888:Ceremony
874:Xitsonga
838:Language
785:place of
783:meaning
773:homeland
734:Dinuzulu
730:Zibhebhu
726:Zululand
717:warriors
647:hegemony
532:amabutho
524:amabutho
485:isibongo
417:Umhlanga
325:Language
238:Religion
200:Botswana
141:Eswatini
102:Zimbabwe
3367:Koreans
3352:Somalis
3347:Chinese
3284:Indians
3274:Oorlams
3269:Griquas
3172:Germans
3134:British
3012:Hlengwe
2950:Bataung
2943:Bakoena
2916:Khumalo
2874:Gcaleka
2843:Ndebele
2015:3338083
1808:26 June
1679:28 June
1628:4 March
1556:Ukusoma
1363:in 1958
1350:ilobolo
1346:ilobolo
1340:, then
1328:ilobolo
1297:Messiah
1255:inyanga
1248:) must
1245:sangoma
1185:umzimba
1122:, near
1048:Umemulo
1026:Swenkas
999:Umzansi
953:Apparel
913:Nongoma
878:Sesotho
777:KwaZulu
755:KwaZulu
667:Pongola
655:Mfecane
557:Kingdom
536:ikhanda
504:Utimuni
440:Origins
389:of the
383:amaZulu
336:Country
232:English
127:204,000
122:Lesotho
107:207,000
45:AmaZulu
18:Amazulu
3330:Others
3322:Koknis
3316:Surtis
3310:Memons
3292:Tamils
3177:Greeks
3126:Whites
3048:Thonga
3045:Ndzawu
3039:Dzonga
3033:Nhlave
3027:Rhonga
3021:Gwamba
3005:Tsonga
2992:Balete
2986:Tswana
2895:Xesibe
2863:Thembu
2732:, 2021
2705:Novels
2697:
2680:
2663:
2646:
2569:
2555:
2417:
2409:
2374:
2366:
2321:
2294:6 June
2223:
2190:
2069:Eshowe
2047:
2013:
1979:
1917:
1849:
1799:
1747:
1739:. US:
1720:
1653:26 May
1485:, 2008
1475:, 1980
1463:, 1964
1449:Novels
1444:, 2020
1438:, 1986
1410:(1979)
1398:(1964)
1320:Lobolo
1250:invoke
1213:ubuntu
1209:idlozi
771:, the
767:Under
520:ibutho
481:isizwe
469:heaven
467:means
314:People
303:Person
220:Tsonga
197:
177:
165:76,000
160:Malawi
157:
145:99,000
138:
119:
99:
80:
3337:Lemba
3299:Hindi
3236:Turks
3231:Serbs
3221:Poles
3182:Irish
3145:Boers
3094:ÇKung
3064:Ngona
3057:Venda
3024:Tswha
2909:Fingo
2888:Gaika
2868:Xhosa
2853:Swazi
2848:Pondo
2838:Hlubi
2833:Fengu
2823:Bhaca
2815:Nguni
2415:S2CID
2372:S2CID
2270:(PDF)
2250:(PDF)
2011:JSTOR
1835:(1).
1546:Nguni
1384:Films
1282:muthi
1274:muthi
1266:muthi
1261:muthi
1234:Zulu
1201:umoya
1193:umoya
1082:Women
938:iziqu
866:Nguni
715:Zulu
671:Ngoni
635:Shaka
547:umuzi
508:Shaka
477:Nguni
465:iZulu
410:Shaka
391:Nguni
284:Ngoni
268:Hlubi
264:Swazi
260:Xhosa
228:Xhosa
224:Sotho
205:6,700
185:6,900
3377:Roma
3302:Urdu
3192:Jews
3109:Nama
3098:ÇXam
3079:and
3077:Khoi
3042:Copi
3036:Bila
3015:Xika
2903:Zulu
2749:Zulu
2695:ISBN
2678:ISBN
2661:ISBN
2644:ISBN
2567:ISBN
2553:ISBN
2448:1844
2407:ISSN
2364:ISSN
2330:2019
2319:ISSN
2296:2007
2221:ISBN
2188:ISBN
2167:2008
2108:2008
2076:2019
2045:ISBN
1977:ISBN
1973:Zulu
1915:ISBN
1847:ISSN
1810:2013
1797:ISBN
1776:2011
1745:ISBN
1718:ISSN
1681:2024
1655:2024
1630:2005
1603:2016
1479:Zulu
1436:SABC
1391:Zulu
1157:and
1145:and
1108:and
1091:. A
651:Impi
379:Zulu
342:Zulu
331:Zulu
320:Zulu
309:Zulu
298:Zulu
282:and
216:Zulu
3089:San
3081:San
2728:),
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2356:doi
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1183:or
1172:or
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781:Kwa
775:of
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