1138:
1239:. Males cannot feed on blood, as it appears to produce toxic effects and kills them within a few days, around the same lifespan as a water-only diet. Females feed on sugar sources for energy, but usually require a blood meal for the development of eggs. After obtaining a full blood meal, the female rests for a few days while the blood is digested and eggs are developed. This process depends on the temperature, but usually takes 2–3 days in tropical conditions. Once the eggs are fully developed, the female lays them and resumes host-seeking. The cycle repeats itself until the female dies. While females can live longer than a month in captivity, most do not live longer than one to two weeks in nature. Their lifespans depend on temperature, humidity, and their ability to successfully obtain a blood meal while avoiding host defenses.
1090:
1075:
1159:
1581:
1246:
1124:
993:
56:
3882:
33:
1365:. Two distinct life cycles are found in the Microsporidia. In the first type, the parasite is transmitted by the oral route and is relatively species nonspecific. In the second, while again the oral route is the usual route of infection, the parasite is ingested within an already infected intermediate host. Infection of the insect larval form is frequently tissue-specific, and commonly involves the
1224:, which are as long as the proboscis, and by the presence of discrete blocks of black and white scales on the wings. Adults can further be identified by their typical resting position: both sexes rest with their abdomens pointing up, unlike culicine mosquitoes. Adult mosquitoes usually mate within a few days after emerging from the pupal stage. In most species, the males form large
1285:
2363:
1007:. The eggs are quite small (about 0.5 millimetres (0.02 in) × 0.2 millimetres (0.008 in)). Eggs are laid singly and directly on water. They are unique in that they have floats on either side. Eggs are not resistant to drying and hatch within 2–3 days, although hatching may take up to 2–3 weeks in colder climates.
906:). The taxonomy remains incompletely settled. Classification into species is based on morphological characteristics – wing spots, head anatomy, larval and pupal anatomy, chromosome structure, and more recently, on DNA sequences. In the taxonomy published by Harbach and Kitching in 2016, it was shown that three species of
1117:, with the abdomen curving around underneath it. As with the larvae, the pupa must come to the surface frequently to breathe, which it does through a pair of respiratory trumpets on its cephalothorax. After a few days as a pupa, the dorsal surface of the cephalothorax splits and the adult mosquito emerges.
1228:, usually around dusk, and the females fly into the swarms to mate. The duration from egg to adult varies considerably among species, and is strongly influenced by ambient temperature. Mosquitoes can develop from egg to adult in as little as five days, but it can take 10–14 days in tropical conditions.
1205:
is specialized for locomotion. Three pairs of legs and a pair of wings are attached to the thorax. The abdomen is specialized for food digestion and egg development. This segmented body part expands considerably when a female takes a blood meal. The blood is digested over time, serving as a source of
1063:
have been found in freshwater or saltwater marshes, mangrove swamps, rice fields, grassy ditches, the edges of streams and rivers, and small, temporary rain pools. Many species prefer habitats with vegetation. Others prefer habitats with none. Some breed in open, sun-lit pools, while others are found
312:
larva has no respiratory siphon through which to breathe, so it breathes and feeds with its body horizontal to the surface of the water. The adult mosquito hatches from the surface and feeds on the nectar of flowers; the female mosquito also feeds on blood, which animal diet allows them to carry and
1623:
population within 7–11 generations, typically less than a year. This has raised concerns with both the efficiency of a gene drive system as well as the ethical and ecological impact of such an eradication program. Therefore, there have been efforts to use the gene drive system to more efficiently
1596:
have offered a first line of approach to ridding areas of malarial mosquitoes. However, mosquitoes, with a short generation time, may rapidly evolve resistance, as experienced during the Global
Malaria Eradication Campaign of the 1950s. The use of insecticides in agriculture has resulted in
1027:
larva lacks a respiratory siphon, so it positions itself so that its body is parallel to the surface of the water. In contrast, the feeding larva of culicine mosquitoes attach themselves to the water surface with the posterior siphon, the body pointing downwards. Larvae breathe through
1535:(active at night). Some feed indoors (endophagic), while others feed outdoors (exophagic). After feeding, some blood mosquitoes prefer to rest indoors (endophilic), while others prefer to rest outdoors (exophilic). Biting by nocturnal, endophagic
1304:
require bodies of water, possibly small and seasonal, for their aquatic larvae and pupae. Suitable habitats range from ponds to water tanks, swamps, ditches and puddles. The adults can however live in dry regions such as Africa's
1137:
1555:
Because transmission of disease by the mosquito requires ingestion of blood, the gut flora may have a bearing on the success of infection of the mosquito host. The larval and pupal gut is largely colonized by photosynthetic
1059:. At the end of each instar, the larvae molt, shedding their exoskeletons, or skin, to allow for further growth. The larvae occur in a wide range of habitats, but most species prefer clean, unpolluted water. Larvae of
1272:
species live both in tropical areas known for malaria such as sub-Saharan Africa, and in colder latitudes. Malaria outbreaks have in the past occurred in colder climates, for example during the construction of the
1547:). Endophilic mosquitoes are readily controlled by indoor spraying of residual insecticides. In contrast, exophagic/exophilic vectors are best controlled by destroying breeding sites, such as by filling in ponds.
2244:
Walton C, Somboon P, o'Loughlin SM, Zhang S, Harbach R, et al. (2007). "Genetic diversity and molecular identification of mosquito species in the
Anopheles maculatus group using the ITS2 region of rDNA".
1473:
Once ingested by a mosquito, malaria parasites must undergo development within the mosquito before they are infectious to humans. The time required for the parasite to develop in the mosquito (the extrinsic
1178:
species have slender bodies with three sections: head, thorax and abdomen. The head is specialized for acquiring sensory information and for feeding. It contains the eyes and a pair of long, many-segmented
1089:
1503:
would survive longer than a 14-day extrinsic incubation period. If daily survivorship increased to 0.9, over 20% of mosquitoes would survive longer than the same period. Control measures that rely on
1499:
parasite, ranged from 0.77 to 0.84, meaning that after one day, between 77% and 84% have survived. Assuming this survivorship is constant through the adult life of a mosquito, less than 10% of female
3869:
2943:
McHugh CP (1989-08-01). "Ecology of a Semi-Isolated
Population of Adult Anopheles Freeborni: Abundance, Trophic Status, Parity, Survivorship, Gonotrophic Cycle Length, and Host Selection".
1478:) ranges from 10–21 days, depending on the parasite species and the temperature. If a mosquito does not survive long enough for the parasite to develop, then she transmits no parasites.
259:
3859:
1189:
parasites, the causative agents of malaria, are significantly more attracted to human breath and odours than uninfected mosquitoes. The head has an elongated, forward-projecting
1412:
has a distinctive resting posture with its abdomen angled up. In this case, the spider approaches from behind the mosquito and under its abdomen, and then attacks from below.
1281:
species that can transmit malaria are not limited to malaria-endemic areas, so areas where they have been eliminated are constantly at risk of reintroduction of the disease.
1040:, and other microorganisms in the thin surface layer. They dive below the surface only when disturbed. Larvae swim either by jerky movements of the entire body or through
1429:
is the sole vector for malaria, it has been studied intensively in the search for effective control methods. One important behavioral factor is the degree to which an
4087:
2699:
Simakova, A. V., Pankova, T. F. (2008). "Ecology and epizootology of microsporidia in malarial mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) from the south of western
Siberia".
4126:
2853:
Jackson, Robert R.; Cross, Fiona R. "Mosquito-terminator spiders and the meaning of predatory specialization." The
Journal of Arachnology 43.2 (2015): 123–142.
1597:
resistance in mosquito populations, implying that an effective control program must monitor for resistance and switch to other means if resistance is detected.
4236:
3424:
973:. The first three stages are aquatic and together last 5–14 days, depending on the species and the ambient temperature. The adult stage is when the female
4226:
3104:
2376:
2782:
1481:
It is not possible to measure directly the lifespans of mosquitoes in nature, but indirect estimates of daily survivorship have been made for several
4061:
1074:
4100:
1686:
3397:– Links to the online mosquito catalog, keys for mosquito identification, images and information on medically important species and much more.
2732:(Microsporida: Amblyosporidae) and related genera based on small subunit ribosomal DNA data: a possible example of host parasite cospeciation"
2056:
2022:
255:
3764:
2217:, Harrison BA, Harbach RE, Panthusiri P, Coleman RE, Panthusiri P (2006). "Illustrated keys to the mosquitoes of Thailand. IV. Anopheles".
317:
are distributed almost worldwide, throughout the tropics, the subtropics, and the temperate regions of planet Earth. In hot weather, adult
1183:. The antennae are important for detecting host odours, as well as of breeding sites where females lay eggs. Female mosquitoes carrying
869:
2980:"Survival and infection probabilities of anthropophagic anophelines from an area of high prevalence of Plasmodium falciparum in humans"
1245:
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251:
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located on the eighth abdominal segment and so must come to the surface frequently. The larvae spend most of their time feeding on
4188:
3849:
3844:
3385:
2048:
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species covers both the tropics with numerous malarias, and colder areas not subject to malaria at the start of the 21st century.
865:
1772:
Zavortink TJ, Poinar GO (2000-11-01). "Anopheles (Nyssorhynchus) dominicanus sp. n. (Diptera: Culicidae) from
Dominican Amber".
984:. The adult females can live up to a month (or more in captivity), but most probably do not live more than two weeks in nature.
3702:
3786:
3405:
4105:
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transmit parasites between hosts. The adult's feeding position is head-down, unlike the horizontal stance of the culicines.
3177:"A CRISPR–Cas9 gene drive targeting doublesex causes complete population suppression in caged Anopheles gambiae mosquitoes"
4113:
3864:
3839:
3637:
3749:
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1445:
are not exclusively anthropophilic or zoophilic, including the primary malaria vector in the western United States,
3814:
3072:
2038:
1158:
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55:
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phyla predominate. Blood meals drastically reduce the diversity of microorganisms in the gut, favouring bacteria.
4131:
4053:
3854:
3413:
3079:
688:
3128:"A CRISPR-Cas9 gene drive system targeting female reproduction in the malaria mosquito vector Anopheles gambiae"
1785:
4221:
3781:
3630:
2290:"Morphological assessment and molecular phylogenetics of the Funestus and Minimus groups of Anopheles (Cellia)"
1584:
Person wearing personal protective equipment performing indoor residual spraying on a house to prevent malaria.
1508:
1313:. They can travel far from water, and are sometimes blown hundreds of kilometres by suitable winds. Adults can
2508:
Wylie WNT (1983). "Poverty, Distress, and
Disease: Labour and the Construction of the Rideau Canal, 1826–32".
2398:
Smallegange RC, van Gemert GJ, van de Vegte-Bolmer M, Gezan S, Takken W, Sauerwein RW, Logan JG (2013-05-15).
1515:
more through their effect on adult longevity than through their effect on the population of adult mosquitoes.
3834:
3711:
3572:
3520:
2790:
1512:
1202:
1110:
1016:
931:
2042:
864:
species in his 5-volume monograph on the
Culicidae. He was provided with mosquito specimens sent in to the
3900:
1642:
1561:
1400:
over all other prey regardless of whether it actually is carrying blood. Juvenile spiders have adopted an
1144:
804:
1123:
843:
379:
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3759:
3567:
3533:
3515:
3453:
3420:
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2214:
1987:
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for months at a time, becoming dormant in hot dry weather, allowing them to persist through the
African
1029:
981:
941:
925:
918:
791:
781:
270:
225:
160:
144:
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912:
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3275:"CRISPR/Cas9 -mediated gene knockout of Anopheles gambiae FREP1 suppresses malaria parasite infection"
4193:
4009:
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3354:
3239:
3025:
2876:
2748:
2411:
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1943:
1726:
2648:
Ibáñez-Justicia A, Smitz N, den Hartog W, van de
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1619:
gene, causing female sterility. Such a gene drive system has been shown to suppress an entire caged
1361:
1349:
324:, which is a state of dormancy that enables the mosquito to survive in hot dry regions, such as the
3744:
3647:
3620:
3554:
3547:
3175:
Kyrou K, Hammond AM, Galizi R, Kranjc N, Burt A, Beaghton AK, Nolan T, Crisanti A (November 2018).
1446:
41:
1991:
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3809:
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2836:
2535:
2527:
2319:
2110:
1789:
1388:
1343:
873:
532:
469:
50:
4157:
3952:
3014:"Dynamic gut microbiome across life history of the malaria mosquito Anopheles gambiae in Kenya"
2979:
2650:"Detection of Exotic Mosquito Species (Diptera: Culicidae) at International Airports in Europe"
4139:
4092:
3996:
3771:
3306:
3255:
3208:
3157:
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2439:
2311:
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2226:
2196:
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2052:
2018:
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1909:
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Calvo, Eric, Pham, Van M., Marinotti, Osvaldo, Andersen, John F., Ribeiro, José M. C. (2009).
1849:
1754:
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1041:
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2012:
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3247:
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3188:
3147:
3139:
3043:
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2952:
2894:
2884:
2828:
2756:
2726:
Baker, Michael D., Vossbrinck, Charles R., Becnel, James J., Andreadis, Theodore G. (1998).
2671:
2661:
2620:
2519:
2480:
2470:
2429:
2419:
2301:
2262:
2188:
2141:
2129:
2100:
2092:
1959:
1951:
1899:
1889:
1839:
1829:
1781:
1744:
1734:
1663:
1355:
178:
3227:
2077:"The phylogeny of Anophelinae revisited: inferences about the origin and classification of
1543:-treated bed nets or through improved housing construction to prevent mosquito entry (e.g.
1109:
The pupa (also known as a tumbler) is comma-shaped when viewed from the side. The head and
992:
3829:
3692:
3664:
3372:
3362:
3330:
2145:
1015:
The mosquito larva has a well-developed head with mouth brushes used for feeding, a large
3938:
1930:
Neafsey DE, Waterhouse RM, Abai MR, Aganezov SS, Alekseyev MA, et al. (2015-01-02).
1715:"Diversification of the Genus Anopheles and a Neotropical Clade from the Late Cretaceous"
4180:
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3029:
2880:
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2415:
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1947:
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237:
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3493:
2539:
2367:
2076:
1557:
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1434:
1338:
1114:
1052:
958:
856:
The taxonomy of the genus was greatly advanced in 1901 when the English entomologist
815:
2840:
2323:
2114:
2000:] (in German). Vol. 1. Aachen: Friedrich Wilhelm Forstmann. pp. 10–12.
1793:
1713:
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1812:
Moreno M, Marinotti O, Krzywinski J, Tadei WP, James AA, Achee NL, Conn JE (2010).
1637:
1580:
1569:
1465:, are strongly anthropophilic and are consequently major vectors of human malaria.
1441:
are more likely to transmit the malaria parasites from one person to another. Most
1284:
1274:
1064:
only in shaded breeding sites in forests. A few species breed in tree holes or the
799:
222:
3434:
http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/classification/Anopheles.html
3291:
3038:
2889:
2424:
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2978:
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3721:
3697:
3587:
3582:
3510:
2998:
2956:
1606:
1318:
1185:
957:
Like all mosquitoes, anophelines go through four stages in their life cycles:
903:
278:
deadly to human beings; no other mosquito genus is a vector of human malaria.
275:
242:
3923:
3228:"CRISPR/Cas9 in insects: Applications, best practices and biosafety concerns"
2625:
2608:
2475:
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2865:"A Predator from East Africa that Chooses Malaria Vectors as Preferred Prey"
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1190:
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893:
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718:
501:
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321:
87:
67:
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3161:
3057:
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2712:
2685:
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2315:
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2964:
2768:
2200:
1932:"Highly evolvable malaria vectors: The genomes of 16 Anopheles mosquitoes"
3983:
3917:
1486:
1366:
1037:
898:
218:
117:
2531:
2105:
1807:
1805:
1803:
268:
mosquito is the best-known species of marsh mosquito that transmits the
4066:
3988:
3483:
3469:
2400:"Malaria Infected Mosquitoes Express Enhanced Attraction to Human Odor"
1306:
1211:
1207:
1201:, a major attractant that enables the mosquito to locate its host. The
1194:
1020:
978:
565:
491:
387:
247:
4079:
2096:
403:
396:
372:
365:
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that is genetically engineered to produce the venom of an Australian
1452:
1232:
1048:
848:
835:
824:
481:
475:
444:
437:
422:
360:
341:
287:
97:
77:
3894:
1872:"The salivary gland transcriptome of the neotropical malaria vector
1628:
resistance into the species, such as targeting and knocking out the
462:
455:
4027:
3326:"GM fungus rapidly kills 99% of malaria mosquitoes, study suggests"
2832:
4165:
3669:
2219:
The Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health
2171::Insights from a Molecular Phylogeny of Australasian Mosquitoes".
1579:
1310:
1283:
1236:
1225:
1157:
1056:
1033:
991:
970:
962:
939:
species. That phylogeny argues that, based on genetic similarity,
356:
325:
297:
214:
2808:
2654:
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
2366:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
1325:
have been documented travelling in baggage, such as on aircraft.
1437:) or animals such as cattle or birds (zoophily). Anthropophilic
1221:
1129:
966:
882:(with a nearly worldwide distribution) belongs to the subfamily
301:
3898:
3442:
3377:
1998:
Systematic description of the known European two-winged insects
1876:
reveals accelerated evolution of genes relevant to hematophagy"
4014:
3610:
1925:
1923:
766:
708:
601:
417:
293:
202:
107:
3870:
European and Developing Countries Clinical Trials Partnership
819:
3226:
Taning CN, Van Eynde B, Yu N, Ma S, Smagghe G (April 2017).
3073:"Malaria Control: Achievements, Problems, & Strategies"
2802:
2800:
1786:
10.1603/0013-8746(2000)093[1230:ANDSND]2.0.CO;2
181:
3438:
2813:-specific prey-capture behavior by the small juveniles of
1392:
indirectly feeds on vertebrate blood by preying on female
190:
2551:
2549:
196:
3273:
Dong Y, Simões ML, Marois E, Dimopoulos G (2018-03-08).
2070:
2068:
3860:
The Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria
3394:
1023:. It has no legs. In contrast to other mosquitoes, the
2609:"Dried out but alive: how mosquitoes survive 8 months"
2557:"CDC - Malaria - About Malaria - Where Malaria occurs"
1404:-specific prey-capture behavior, using the posture of
1378:
bacteria have been studied for use as control agents.
868:
from around the world, on the 1898 instruction of the
2945:
The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
1210:
for the production of eggs, which gradually fill the
480:. The cladogram is based on an analysis of mosquito
473:
diverged from the African and Asian malaria vectors ~
205:
193:
187:
1369:. Vertical (transovarial) transmission also occurs.
348:
are rare; only two had been found by 2015. They are
199:
3907:
3802:
3737:
3680:
3598:
3476:
184:
2459:"Toxic Effect of Blood Feeding in Male Mosquitoes"
1220:can be distinguished from other mosquitoes by the
2457:Nikbakhtzadeh MR, Buss GK, Leal WS (2016-01-26).
3386:CDC – World map showing distribution of various
1650:; exposure to the fungus caused populations of
1818:and an approach to anopheline divergence time"
1774:Annals of the Entomological Society of America
159:For a full description, see the main article:
3454:
2923:Mosquitoes of North America (North of Mexico)
2783:"Mosquito Parasite Fights Infectious Disease"
1099:larva (A), culicine larva with its siphon (B)
285:diverged from other mosquitoes approximately
8:
1865:
1863:
1698:Common Name: Nail Mosquito, marsh mosquitoes
1485:species. Estimates of daily survivorship in
809:
3425:Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences
2044:A Monograph of the Culicidae, or Mosquitoes
1539:can be markedly reduced through the use of
841:
830:
3895:
3461:
3447:
3439:
3105:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
2377:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
1451:. However, the primary malaria vectors in
790:was introduced by the German entomologist
31:
20:
3300:
3290:
3202:
3192:
3151:
3047:
3037:
2921:Carpenter, S. J.; LaCasse, W. J. (1955).
2898:
2888:
2675:
2665:
2624:
2484:
2474:
2433:
2423:
2305:
2104:
1963:
1903:
1893:
1843:
1833:
1748:
1738:
945:is divergent from the common ancestor of
296:), and, like other mosquitoes, the eggs,
2288:Garros C, Harbach RE, Manguin S (2005).
1231:Males live for about a week, feeding on
814:, "burdensome". The name comes from the
3101:"Biology: Anopheles Mosquitoes (tab 5)"
2357:
2355:
2353:
2075:Harbach RE, Kitching I (January 2016).
2017:. Oxford University Press. p. 64.
1687:United States Fish and Wildlife Service
1674:
1654:to crash by 99% in a controlled trial.
1241:
1119:
1070:
1047:Larvae develop through four stages, or
999:eggs with their distinctive side floats
929:) are phylogenetically more similar to
2807:Nelson XJ, Jackson RR, Sune G (2005).
2351:
2349:
2347:
2345:
2343:
2341:
2339:
2337:
2335:
2333:
1197:. These palps carry the receptors for
453:species subsequently diverged between
435:clades of mosquitoes diverged between
2173:Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution
2146:10.1146/annurev.ento.48.091801.112647
1166:(A, B) are more upright than that of
350:Anopheles (Nyssorhynchus) dominicanus
7:
4171:6D0FD20B-FB1C-FFB6-B5C1-B1A913B8FDFD
4054:12631185-63cd-478b-b9ed-f28debc3aef7
3765:National Malaria Eradication Program
1640:have created a strain of the fungus
4237:Taxa named by Johann Wilhelm Meigen
3820:Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation
2817:, a mosquito-eating jumping spider"
2011:Stevenson, Angus (19 August 2010).
1469:Probability of transmitting malaria
1433:species prefers to feed on humans (
1408:as a primary cue to identify them.
870:Secretary of State for the Colonies
794:in 1818. He described two species,
557:
546:
539:
526:
519:
507:
497:
487:
484:by Heafsey and colleagues in 2015:
246:, a genus of protozoans that cause
2987:Bulletin of Entomological Research
1589:Insecticide control and resistance
1003:Adult females lay 50–200 eggs per
14:
4227:Insect vectors of human pathogens
2740:Journal of Invertebrate Pathology
2247:Infection, Genetics and Evolution
1609:system was proposed to eradicate
1421:Preferred sources for blood meals
3881:
3880:
3850:African Leaders Malaria Alliance
3845:South African Malaria Initiative
3395:Walter Reed Biosystematics Unit.
2789:. 1 October 2009. Archived from
2361:
2049:British Museum (Natural History)
1244:
1136:
1122:
1088:
1073:
866:British Museum (Natural History)
808:. He stated that the name meant
177:
54:
3703:Malaria antigen detection tests
1519:Patterns of feeding and resting
3787:Malaria in Mandatory Palestine
3409:taxonomy, facts and life cycle
3252:10.1016/j.jinsphys.2017.01.007
2863:Nelson XJ, Jackson RR (2006).
1511:) may actually impact malaria
1493:, the vector of the dangerous
1396:. Juvenile spiders choose the
1148:pupa, breathing at the surface
420:including mosquitoes appeared
221:first described by the German
1:
3865:Medicines for Malaria Venture
3840:African Malaria Network Trust
2294:Journal of Medical Entomology
3750:Millennium Development Goals
3292:10.1371/journal.ppat.1006898
3232:Journal of Insect Physiology
3039:10.1371/journal.pone.0024767
2890:10.1371/journal.pone.0000132
2425:10.1371/journal.pone.0063602
2267:10.1016/j.meegid.2006.05.001
2014:Oxford Dictionary of English
1740:10.1371/journal.pone.0134462
1531:(active at dusk or dawn) or
1277:in Canada during the 1820s.
886:alongside two other genera:
849:
836:
825:
3324:Gallagher J (31 May 2019).
2607:Baldini F, Viana M (2023).
2134:Annual Review of Entomology
1814:"Complete mtDNA genomes of
1174:Like all mosquitoes, adult
1162:Resting positions of adult
236:. Many such mosquitoes are
4253:
3815:Against Malaria Foundation
2821:The Journal of Arachnology
1193:used for feeding, and two
858:Frederick Vincent Theobald
820:
779:
228:in 1818, and are known as
3878:
3855:Amazon Malaria Initiative
3417:, common malaria mosquito
3415:Anopheles quadrimaculatus
3080:World Health Organization
2999:10.1017/S0007485300041304
2957:10.4269/ajtmh.1989.41.169
842:
831:
754:all other flies
743:
716:
684:
659:
634:
609:
580:
562:
555:
544:
537:
524:
517:
505:
495:
157:
152:
51:Scientific classification
49:
39:
30:
23:
3782:Malaria in the Caribbean
3631:Sterile insect technique
2626:10.1016/j.pt.2022.11.006
2476:10.3389/fphys.2016.00004
2307:10.1093/jmedent/42.4.522
1509:indoor residual spraying
1044:with the mouth brushes.
829:'useless', derived from
449:. The Old and New World
262:, including humans. The
3835:Africa Fighting Malaria
3681:Diagnosis and treatment
3366:Genome and Related Data
2463:Frontiers in Physiology
2047:. Vol. 1. London:
1956:10.1126/science.1258522
1895:10.1186/1471-2164-10-57
1835:10.1186/1475-2875-9-127
1605:In 2016, a CRISPR-Cas9
1288:Global distribution of
1095:Feeding position of an
478: million years ago
465: million years ago
458: million years ago
447: million years ago
440: million years ago
425: million years ago
406: million years ago
399: million years ago
375: million years ago
368: million years ago
290: million years ago
3599:Control and prevention
2761:10.1006/jipa.1997.4725
2667:10.3390/ijerph17103450
2613:Trends in Parasitology
2583:"Anopheles Mosquitoes"
2373:"Anopheles Mosquitoes"
2193:10.1006/mpev.1997.0457
1643:Metarhizium pinghaense
1585:
1562:gram-negative bacteria
1560:, while in the adult,
1293:
1171:
1000:
810:
805:Anopheles maculipennis
355:in Dominican Republic
353:Zavortink & Poinar
274:, which is a malarial
4153:Paleobiology Database
3953:Anopheles;ANOPHELINAE
3792:Malaria Atlas Project
3421:University of Florida
3401:Malaria Atlas Project
2081:(Diptera: Culicidae)"
1583:
1496:Plasmodium falciparum
1287:
1251:Morphology of female
1235:and other sources of
1161:
995:
792:Johann Wilhelm Meigen
782:Taxonomy of Anopheles
416:The ancestors of all
271:Plasmodium falciparum
161:Taxonomy of Anopheles
4049:Fauna Europaea (new)
3688:Diagnosis of malaria
3504:Pregnancy-associated
3181:Nature Biotechnology
3132:Nature Biotechnology
2793:on 23 November 2009.
2051:. pp. 115–214.
390:amber from the Late
3745:Diseases of poverty
3738:Society and malaria
3648:Sickle-cell anaemia
3621:Malaria prophylaxis
3244:2017JInsP..98..245T
3030:2011PLoSO...624767W
2881:2006PLoSO...1..132N
2753:1998JInvP..71..199B
2416:2013PLoSO...863602S
2259:2007InfGE...7...93W
2185:1998MolPE...9..262F
1948:2015Sci...347...43N
1731:2015PLoSO..1034462F
1624:introduce genes of
1386:The jumping spider
1051:, after which they
1019:and a nine-segment
902:(restricted to the
840:, 'not', 'un-' and
380:Anopheles rottensis
42:Anopheles stephensi
3825:Imagine No Malaria
3810:Malaria Consortium
3755:History of malaria
3638:Genetic resistance
3563:Anopheles mosquito
3428:Featured Creatures
3371:2012-12-03 at the
3071:Najera JA (1999).
2815:Evarcha culicivora
2379:. October 21, 2015
2225:(Suppl 2): 1–128.
1874:Anopheles darlingi
1816:Anopheles darlingi
1634:Anopheles gambiae.
1613:, by deleting the
1586:
1389:Evarcha culicivora
1294:
1172:
1113:are merged into a
1001:
874:Joseph Chamberlain
470:Anopheles darlingi
4204:
4203:
4140:Open Tree of Life
3901:Taxon identifiers
3892:
3891:
3772:World Malaria Day
3407:Anopheles gambiae
3364:Anopheles gambiae
3187:(11): 1062–1066.
2587:Global Vector Hub
2511:Labour/Le Travail
2215:Rattanarithikul R
2097:10.1111/zsc.12137
2085:Zoologica Scripta
2058:978-1-178-51903-7
2024:978-0-19-957112-3
1648:funnel-web spider
1611:Anopheles gambiae
1476:incubation period
772:
771:
759:
758:
729:
728:
701:
700:
673:
672:
648:
647:
623:
622:
594:
593:
569:complex (Africa)
385:
354:
265:Anopheles gambiae
168:
167:
148:
16:Genus of mosquito
4244:
4197:
4196:
4184:
4183:
4174:
4173:
4161:
4160:
4148:
4147:
4135:
4134:
4122:
4121:
4119:NBNSYS0000039883
4109:
4108:
4096:
4095:
4083:
4082:
4070:
4069:
4057:
4056:
4044:
4043:
4031:
4030:
4018:
4017:
4005:
4004:
3992:
3991:
3979:
3978:
3966:
3965:
3956:
3955:
3943:
3942:
3941:
3928:
3927:
3926:
3896:
3884:
3883:
3658:G6PDH deficiency
3626:Mosquito control
3499:Blackwater fever
3463:
3456:
3449:
3440:
3343:
3342:
3340:
3338:
3321:
3315:
3314:
3304:
3294:
3270:
3264:
3263:
3223:
3217:
3216:
3206:
3196:
3194:10.1038/nbt.4245
3172:
3166:
3165:
3155:
3144:10.1038/nbt.3439
3123:
3117:
3116:
3114:
3112:
3097:
3091:
3090:
3088:
3086:
3077:
3068:
3062:
3061:
3051:
3041:
3009:
3003:
3002:
2984:
2975:
2969:
2968:
2940:
2934:
2919:
2913:
2912:
2902:
2892:
2860:
2854:
2851:
2845:
2844:
2804:
2795:
2794:
2779:
2773:
2772:
2736:
2723:
2717:
2716:
2696:
2690:
2689:
2679:
2669:
2645:
2639:
2638:
2628:
2604:
2598:
2597:
2595:
2593:
2579:
2573:
2572:
2570:
2568:
2553:
2544:
2543:
2524:10.2307/25140199
2505:
2499:
2498:
2488:
2478:
2454:
2448:
2447:
2437:
2427:
2395:
2389:
2388:
2386:
2384:
2365:
2364:
2359:
2328:
2327:
2309:
2285:
2279:
2278:
2241:
2235:
2234:
2211:
2205:
2204:
2164:
2158:
2157:
2125:
2119:
2118:
2108:
2072:
2063:
2062:
2035:
2029:
2028:
2008:
2002:
2001:
1984:
1978:
1977:
1967:
1927:
1918:
1917:
1907:
1897:
1867:
1858:
1857:
1847:
1837:
1809:
1798:
1797:
1780:(6): 1230–1235.
1769:
1763:
1762:
1752:
1742:
1710:
1701:
1700:
1695:
1693:
1679:
1664:Tropical disease
1425:Since the genus
1248:
1140:
1126:
1092:
1077:
1068:of some plants.
852:
847:
846:
839:
834:
833:
828:
823:
822:
813:
558:
547:
540:
527:
520:
508:
498:
488:
479:
466:
459:
448:
441:
426:
407:
400:
383:
376:
369:
352:
291:
240:of the parasite
234:marsh mosquitoes
212:
211:
208:
207:
204:
201:
198:
195:
192:
189:
186:
183:
143:
59:
58:
35:
21:
4252:
4251:
4247:
4246:
4245:
4243:
4242:
4241:
4222:Mosquito genera
4207:
4206:
4205:
4200:
4192:
4187:
4179:
4177:
4169:
4164:
4156:
4151:
4143:
4138:
4130:
4125:
4117:
4112:
4104:
4099:
4091:
4086:
4078:
4073:
4065:
4060:
4052:
4047:
4039:
4034:
4026:
4021:
4013:
4008:
4000:
3995:
3987:
3982:
3974:
3969:
3961:
3959:
3951:
3946:
3937:
3936:
3931:
3922:
3921:
3916:
3903:
3893:
3888:
3874:
3830:Malaria No More
3798:
3733:
3693:Malaria culture
3676:
3665:Malaria vaccine
3594:
3472:
3467:
3373:Wayback Machine
3351:
3346:
3336:
3334:
3331:BBC News Online
3323:
3322:
3318:
3285:(3): e1006898.
3272:
3271:
3267:
3225:
3224:
3220:
3174:
3173:
3169:
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3120:
3110:
3108:
3099:
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3084:
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3065:
3011:
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3006:
2982:
2977:
2976:
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2941:
2937:
2920:
2916:
2862:
2861:
2857:
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2848:
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2805:
2798:
2781:
2780:
2776:
2734:
2725:
2724:
2720:
2698:
2697:
2693:
2647:
2646:
2642:
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2605:
2601:
2591:
2589:
2581:
2580:
2576:
2566:
2564:
2563:. April 9, 2020
2555:
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2127:
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2122:
2074:
2073:
2066:
2059:
2037:
2036:
2032:
2025:
2010:
2009:
2005:
1986:
1985:
1981:
1929:
1928:
1921:
1869:
1868:
1861:
1822:Malaria Journal
1811:
1810:
1801:
1771:
1770:
1766:
1725:(8): e0134462.
1712:
1711:
1704:
1691:
1689:
1683:"Nail Mosquito"
1681:
1680:
1676:
1672:
1660:
1636:Researchers in
1603:
1591:
1578:
1553:
1521:
1471:
1423:
1418:
1416:Malaria vectors
1384:
1331:
1299:
1267:
1262:
1255:
1249:
1195:maxillary palps
1156:
1149:
1145:A. maculipennis
1141:
1132:
1127:
1107:
1100:
1093:
1084:
1078:
1013:
990:
955:
932:A. kyondawensis
892:(restricted to
786:The genus name
784:
778:
773:
760:
730:
702:
674:
649:
624:
595:
474:
461:
454:
443:
436:
421:
414:
402:
395:
371:
364:
339:
334:
286:
230:nail mosquitoes
180:
176:
163:
142:
53:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4250:
4248:
4240:
4239:
4234:
4229:
4224:
4219:
4209:
4208:
4202:
4201:
4199:
4198:
4185:
4175:
4162:
4149:
4136:
4123:
4110:
4097:
4084:
4071:
4058:
4045:
4036:Fauna Europaea
4032:
4019:
4006:
3993:
3980:
3967:
3957:
3944:
3929:
3913:
3911:
3905:
3904:
3899:
3890:
3889:
3879:
3876:
3875:
3873:
3872:
3867:
3862:
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3799:
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3674:
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3468:
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3398:
3392:
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3350:
3349:External links
3347:
3345:
3344:
3316:
3279:PLOS Pathogens
3265:
3218:
3167:
3118:
3107:. 16 July 2020
3092:
3063:
3004:
2993:(5): 445–453.
2970:
2951:(2): 169–176.
2935:
2914:
2855:
2846:
2833:10.1636/05-3.1
2827:(2): 541–548.
2796:
2787:Discovery News
2774:
2747:(3): 199–206.
2728:"Phylogeny of
2718:
2707:(2): 139–150.
2703:(in Russian).
2701:Parazitologiia
2691:
2640:
2599:
2574:
2545:
2500:
2449:
2390:
2329:
2300:(4): 522–536.
2280:
2236:
2206:
2179:(2): 262–275.
2159:
2128:Krzywinski J,
2120:
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2057:
2030:
2023:
2003:
1979:
1919:
1859:
1799:
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1668:
1667:
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1656:
1602:
1599:
1590:
1587:
1577:
1574:
1566:Pseudomonadota
1552:
1549:
1545:window screens
1520:
1517:
1470:
1467:
1422:
1419:
1417:
1414:
1383:
1380:
1372:The parasitic
1362:Parathelohania
1350:Crepidulospora
1341:of the genera
1330:
1327:
1298:
1295:
1266:
1263:
1261:
1258:
1257:
1256:
1250:
1243:
1199:carbon dioxide
1155:
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1135:
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1101:
1094:
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1079:
1072:
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986:
954:
951:
796:A. birfurcatus
780:Main article:
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550:subgenus
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530:subgenus
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359:from the Late
338:
337:Fossil history
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3930:
3925:
3919:
3915:
3914:
3912:
3910:
3906:
3902:
3897:
3887:
3877:
3871:
3868:
3866:
3863:
3861:
3858:
3856:
3853:
3851:
3848:
3846:
3843:
3841:
3838:
3836:
3833:
3831:
3828:
3826:
3823:
3821:
3818:
3816:
3813:
3811:
3808:
3807:
3805:
3803:Organisations
3801:
3793:
3790:
3788:
3785:
3783:
3780:
3779:
3778:
3775:
3773:
3770:
3766:
3763:
3761:
3758:
3757:
3756:
3753:
3751:
3748:
3746:
3743:
3742:
3740:
3736:
3728:
3725:
3723:
3720:
3718:
3715:
3714:
3713:
3712:Antimalarials
3710:
3709:
3704:
3701:
3699:
3696:
3694:
3691:
3690:
3689:
3686:
3685:
3683:
3679:
3671:
3668:
3667:
3666:
3663:
3659:
3656:
3654:
3651:
3649:
3646:
3644:
3643:Duffy antigen
3641:
3640:
3639:
3636:
3632:
3629:
3627:
3624:
3622:
3619:
3617:
3614:
3612:
3609:
3608:
3607:
3606:Public health
3604:
3603:
3601:
3597:
3589:
3586:
3584:
3581:
3579:
3576:
3574:
3571:
3570:
3569:
3566:
3564:
3561:
3557:
3556:
3552:
3550:
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3542:
3538:
3536:
3535:
3531:
3529:
3528:
3524:
3522:
3519:
3517:
3514:
3513:
3512:
3509:
3505:
3502:
3500:
3497:
3495:
3494:Quartan fever
3492:
3490:
3487:
3486:
3485:
3482:
3481:
3479:
3475:
3471:
3464:
3459:
3457:
3452:
3450:
3445:
3444:
3441:
3435:
3432:
3429:
3426:
3422:
3418:
3416:
3412:
3410:
3408:
3404:
3402:
3399:
3396:
3393:
3391:
3389:
3384:
3382:
3381:
3376:
3374:
3370:
3367:
3365:
3361:
3359:
3357:
3353:
3352:
3348:
3333:
3332:
3327:
3320:
3317:
3312:
3308:
3303:
3298:
3293:
3288:
3284:
3280:
3276:
3269:
3266:
3261:
3257:
3253:
3249:
3245:
3241:
3237:
3233:
3229:
3222:
3219:
3214:
3210:
3205:
3200:
3195:
3190:
3186:
3182:
3178:
3171:
3168:
3163:
3159:
3154:
3149:
3145:
3141:
3137:
3133:
3129:
3122:
3119:
3106:
3102:
3096:
3093:
3081:
3074:
3067:
3064:
3059:
3055:
3050:
3045:
3040:
3035:
3031:
3027:
3024:(9): e24767.
3023:
3019:
3015:
3008:
3005:
3000:
2996:
2992:
2988:
2981:
2974:
2971:
2966:
2962:
2958:
2954:
2950:
2946:
2939:
2936:
2932:
2931:0-520-02638-1
2928:
2924:
2918:
2915:
2910:
2906:
2901:
2896:
2891:
2886:
2882:
2878:
2874:
2870:
2866:
2859:
2856:
2850:
2847:
2842:
2838:
2834:
2830:
2826:
2822:
2818:
2816:
2812:
2803:
2801:
2797:
2792:
2788:
2784:
2778:
2775:
2770:
2766:
2762:
2758:
2754:
2750:
2746:
2742:
2741:
2733:
2731:
2722:
2719:
2714:
2710:
2706:
2702:
2695:
2692:
2687:
2683:
2678:
2673:
2668:
2663:
2659:
2655:
2651:
2644:
2641:
2636:
2632:
2627:
2622:
2618:
2614:
2610:
2603:
2600:
2588:
2584:
2578:
2575:
2562:
2558:
2552:
2550:
2546:
2541:
2537:
2533:
2529:
2525:
2521:
2517:
2513:
2512:
2504:
2501:
2496:
2492:
2487:
2482:
2477:
2472:
2468:
2464:
2460:
2453:
2450:
2445:
2441:
2436:
2431:
2426:
2421:
2417:
2413:
2410:(5): e63602.
2409:
2405:
2401:
2394:
2391:
2378:
2374:
2369:
2368:public domain
2358:
2356:
2354:
2352:
2350:
2348:
2346:
2344:
2342:
2340:
2338:
2336:
2334:
2330:
2325:
2321:
2317:
2313:
2308:
2303:
2299:
2295:
2291:
2284:
2281:
2276:
2272:
2268:
2264:
2260:
2256:
2253:(1): 93–102.
2252:
2248:
2240:
2237:
2232:
2228:
2224:
2220:
2216:
2210:
2207:
2202:
2198:
2194:
2190:
2186:
2182:
2178:
2174:
2170:
2163:
2160:
2155:
2151:
2147:
2143:
2139:
2135:
2131:
2124:
2121:
2116:
2112:
2107:
2102:
2098:
2094:
2090:
2086:
2082:
2080:
2071:
2069:
2065:
2060:
2054:
2050:
2046:
2045:
2040:
2034:
2031:
2026:
2020:
2016:
2015:
2007:
2004:
1999:
1995:
1994:
1989:
1983:
1980:
1975:
1971:
1966:
1961:
1957:
1953:
1949:
1945:
1941:
1937:
1933:
1926:
1924:
1920:
1915:
1911:
1906:
1901:
1896:
1891:
1887:
1883:
1882:
1877:
1875:
1866:
1864:
1860:
1855:
1851:
1846:
1841:
1836:
1831:
1827:
1823:
1819:
1817:
1808:
1806:
1804:
1800:
1795:
1791:
1787:
1783:
1779:
1775:
1768:
1765:
1760:
1756:
1751:
1746:
1741:
1736:
1732:
1728:
1724:
1720:
1716:
1709:
1707:
1703:
1699:
1688:
1684:
1678:
1675:
1669:
1665:
1662:
1661:
1657:
1655:
1653:
1649:
1645:
1644:
1639:
1635:
1631:
1627:
1622:
1618:
1617:
1612:
1608:
1600:
1598:
1595:
1588:
1582:
1575:
1573:
1571:
1567:
1563:
1559:
1558:cyanobacteria
1550:
1548:
1546:
1542:
1538:
1534:
1530:
1526:
1518:
1516:
1514:
1510:
1506:
1502:
1498:
1497:
1492:
1488:
1484:
1479:
1477:
1468:
1466:
1464:
1460:
1459:
1454:
1450:
1449:
1444:
1440:
1436:
1435:anthropophily
1432:
1428:
1420:
1415:
1413:
1411:
1407:
1403:
1399:
1395:
1391:
1390:
1381:
1379:
1377:
1376:
1370:
1368:
1364:
1363:
1358:
1357:
1352:
1351:
1346:
1345:
1340:
1339:Microsporidia
1336:
1333:Parasites of
1328:
1326:
1324:
1320:
1316:
1312:
1308:
1303:
1296:
1291:
1286:
1282:
1280:
1276:
1271:
1264:
1259:
1254:
1247:
1242:
1240:
1238:
1234:
1229:
1227:
1223:
1219:
1215:
1213:
1209:
1204:
1200:
1196:
1192:
1188:
1187:
1182:
1177:
1169:
1165:
1160:
1153:
1147:
1146:
1139:
1134:
1131:
1125:
1120:
1118:
1116:
1115:cephalothorax
1112:
1104:
1098:
1091:
1086:
1082:
1076:
1071:
1069:
1067:
1062:
1058:
1054:
1050:
1045:
1043:
1039:
1035:
1031:
1026:
1022:
1018:
1010:
1008:
1006:
998:
994:
987:
985:
983:
980:
976:
972:
968:
964:
960:
952:
950:
948:
944:
943:
938:
934:
933:
928:
927:
922:
920:
915:
914:
909:
905:
901:
900:
895:
891:
890:
885:
881:
877:
875:
871:
867:
863:
860:described 39
859:
854:
851:
845:
838:
827:
817:
816:Ancient Greek
812:
807:
806:
801:
797:
793:
789:
783:
775:
768:
764:
763:
755:
752:
751:
748:
747:
741:
740:
737:
734:
733:
725:
724:
721:
720:
714:
713:
710:
706:
705:
697:
696:
693:
691:
690:
689:Nyssorhynchus
682:
681:
678:
677:
669:
668:
665:
664:
657:
656:
653:
652:
644:
643:
640:
638:
632:
631:
628:
627:
619:
618:
615:
613:
607:
606:
603:
599:
598:
590:
589:
586:
584:
578:
577:
574:
573:
570:
568:
567:
560:
559:
553:
549:
548:
542:
541:
535:
534:
529:
528:
522:
521:
515:
514:
510:
509:
503:
500:
499:
493:
490:
489:
485:
483:
477:
472:
471:
464:
457:
452:
446:
439:
434:
430:
424:
419:
411:
409:
405:
398:
393:
389:
382:
381:
374:
367:
362:
358:
351:
347:
344:of the genus
343:
336:
331:
329:
327:
323:
320:
316:
311:
307:
303:
299:
295:
289:
284:
279:
277:
273:
272:
267:
266:
261:
257:
253:
249:
245:
244:
239:
235:
231:
227:
224:
220:
216:
210:
174:
173:
164:
162:
156:
151:
146:
141:
140:
136:
133:
132:
129:
126:
123:
122:
119:
116:
113:
112:
109:
106:
103:
102:
99:
96:
93:
92:
89:
86:
83:
82:
79:
76:
73:
72:
69:
66:
63:
62:
57:
52:
48:
44:
43:
38:
34:
29:
26:
22:
19:
3908:
3777:Epidemiology
3616:Mosquito net
3562:
3553:
3546:
3539:
3532:
3525:
3427:
3414:
3406:
3387:
3379:
3363:
3355:
3335:. Retrieved
3329:
3319:
3282:
3278:
3268:
3235:
3231:
3221:
3184:
3180:
3170:
3138:(1): 78–83.
3135:
3131:
3121:
3109:. Retrieved
3095:
3083:. Retrieved
3066:
3021:
3017:
3007:
2990:
2986:
2973:
2948:
2944:
2938:
2922:
2917:
2872:
2868:
2858:
2849:
2824:
2820:
2814:
2810:
2791:the original
2786:
2777:
2744:
2738:
2729:
2721:
2704:
2700:
2694:
2660:(10): 3450.
2657:
2653:
2643:
2616:
2612:
2602:
2590:. Retrieved
2586:
2577:
2567:December 20,
2565:. Retrieved
2560:
2515:
2509:
2503:
2466:
2462:
2452:
2407:
2403:
2393:
2383:December 21,
2381:. Retrieved
2297:
2293:
2283:
2250:
2246:
2239:
2222:
2218:
2209:
2176:
2172:
2168:
2162:
2137:
2133:
2123:
2106:10141/612216
2088:
2084:
2078:
2043:
2033:
2013:
2006:
1997:
1992:
1982:
1942:(6217): 43.
1939:
1935:
1885:
1881:BMC Genomics
1879:
1873:
1825:
1821:
1815:
1777:
1773:
1767:
1722:
1718:
1697:
1690:. Retrieved
1677:
1651:
1641:
1638:Burkina Faso
1633:
1629:
1625:
1620:
1614:
1610:
1604:
1594:Insecticides
1592:
1570:Bacteroidota
1554:
1536:
1524:
1522:
1513:transmission
1505:insecticides
1500:
1494:
1490:
1482:
1480:
1472:
1462:
1456:
1448:A. freeborni
1447:
1442:
1438:
1430:
1426:
1424:
1409:
1405:
1401:
1397:
1393:
1387:
1385:
1373:
1371:
1360:
1354:
1348:
1342:
1334:
1332:
1322:
1301:
1300:
1289:
1278:
1275:Rideau Canal
1269:
1268:
1265:Distribution
1252:
1230:
1217:
1216:
1184:
1175:
1173:
1163:
1143:
1108:
1096:
1080:
1060:
1053:metamorphose
1046:
1024:
1014:
1002:
996:
974:
956:
946:
940:
936:
930:
924:
917:
911:
907:
897:
887:
879:
878:
861:
855:
811:beschwerlich
803:
800:type species
795:
787:
785:
753:
744:
735:
717:
687:
685:
662:
660:
636:
635:
612:A. stephensi
611:
610:
582:
581:
564:
563:
552:Pyretophorus
551:
531:
512:
511:
468:
450:
432:
415:
378:
349:
345:
340:
318:
314:
309:
282:
280:
269:
263:
241:
233:
229:
226:J. W. Meigen
223:entomologist
171:
170:
169:
158:
138:
137:
40:
24:
18:
4075:iNaturalist
3933:Wikispecies
3760:Roman fever
3717:Artemisinin
3653:Thalassemia
3238:: 245–257.
3111:16 December
2730:Amblyospora
2592:15 December
2140:: 111–139.
2130:Besansky NJ
2039:Theobald FV
1692:16 December
1601:Eradication
1541:insecticide
1529:crepuscular
1463:A. funestus
1344:Amblyospora
1321:. Further,
1005:oviposition
942:A. implexus
935:than other
926:B. hollandi
919:B. gracilis
884:Anophelinae
746:Muscomorpha
692:(Americas)
639:& spp.
614:& spp.
585:& spp.
583:A. epirotus
128:Anophelinae
124:Subfamily:
4211:Categories
3722:Mefloquine
3698:Blood film
3588:Gametocyte
3583:Hypnozoite
3568:Life cycle
3534:falciparum
3521:life cycle
3511:Plasmodium
3085:23 January
2875:(1): 132.
2619:(1): 1–3.
1828:(1): 127.
1670:References
1626:Plasmodium
1621:A. gambiae
1607:gene drive
1501:A. gambiae
1491:A. gambiae
1458:A. gambiae
1319:dry season
1186:Plasmodium
1066:leaf axils
1042:propulsion
953:Life cycle
913:B. confusa
904:Neotropics
853:'profit'.
736:mosquitoes
281:The genus
243:Plasmodium
88:Arthropoda
4217:Anopheles
3939:Anopheles
3909:Anopheles
3727:Proguanil
3578:Merozoite
3388:Anopheles
3356:Anopheles
2811:Anopheles
2540:143040362
2169:Anopheles
2091:: 34–47.
2079:Anopheles
1988:Meigen JW
1888:(1): 57.
1652:Anopheles
1551:Gut flora
1537:Anopheles
1533:nocturnal
1525:Anopheles
1483:Anopheles
1443:Anopheles
1439:Anopheles
1431:Anopheles
1427:Anopheles
1410:Anopheles
1406:Anopheles
1402:Anopheles
1398:Anopheles
1394:Anopheles
1382:Predators
1375:Wolbachia
1335:Anopheles
1329:Parasites
1323:Anopheles
1315:aestivate
1302:Anopheles
1290:Anopheles
1279:Anopheles
1270:Anopheles
1253:Anopheles
1218:Anopheles
1191:proboscis
1176:Anopheles
1168:Culicinae
1164:Anopheles
1097:Anopheles
1081:Anopheles
1061:Anopheles
1030:spiracles
1025:Anopheles
997:Anopheles
975:Anopheles
947:Anopheles
937:Bironella
908:Bironella
894:Australia
889:Bironella
880:Anopheles
862:Anopheles
826:anōphelḗs
788:Anopheles
765:260
719:Culicinae
707:100
686:subgenus
663:Anopheles
661:subgenus
513:Anopheles
502:Culicidae
451:Anopheles
433:Anopheles
412:Phylogeny
392:Oligocene
346:Anopheles
332:Evolution
322:aestivate
319:Anopheles
315:Anopheles
310:Anopheles
283:Anopheles
172:Anopheles
139:Anopheles
118:Culicidae
74:Kingdom:
68:Eukaryota
45:, female
25:Anopheles
3984:BugGuide
3960:BioLib:
3918:Wikidata
3886:Category
3573:Schizont
3555:knowlesi
3548:malariae
3489:Cerebral
3369:Archived
3358:Database
3311:29518156
3260:28108316
3213:30247490
3162:26641531
3058:21957459
3018:PLOS ONE
2909:17205136
2869:PLOS ONE
2841:55244513
2809:"Use of
2713:18664069
2686:32429218
2635:36470782
2532:25140199
2518:: 7–29.
2495:26858651
2444:23691073
2404:PLOS ONE
2324:22776177
2316:16119539
2275:16782411
2231:17262930
2154:12208816
2115:46364692
2041:(1901).
1990:(1818).
1974:25554792
1914:19178717
1854:20470395
1794:86221732
1759:26244561
1719:PLOS ONE
1658:See also
1632:gene in
1487:Tanzania
1367:fat body
1337:include
1181:antennae
1038:bacteria
977:acts as
899:Chagasia
821:ἀνωφελής
798:and the
776:Taxonomy
637:A. dirus
600:30
429:culicine
276:parasite
256:reptiles
219:mosquito
153:Species
114:Family:
84:Phylum:
78:Animalia
64:Domain:
4232:Malaria
4093:1384593
4067:1650098
3924:Q158597
3516:biology
3484:Malaria
3477:Biology
3470:Malaria
3430:website
3419:on the
3390:species
3380:Malaria
3302:5843335
3240:Bibcode
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