3503:"Little specific is known about the internal functioning of the Khwarazmian state, but its bureaucracy, directed as it was by Persian officials, must have followed the Saljuq model. This is the impression gained from the various Khwarazmian chancery and financial documents preserved in the collections of enšāʾdocuments and epistles from this period. The authors of at least three of these collections—Rašid-al-Din Vaṭvāṭ (d. 1182-83 or 1187-88), with his two collections of rasāʾel, and Bahāʾ-al-Din Baḡdādi, compiler of the important Ketāb al-tawaṣṣol elā al-tarassol—were heads of the Khwarazmian chancery. The Khwarazmshahs had viziers as their chief executives, on the traditional pattern, and only as the dynasty approached its end did ʿAlāʾ-al-Din Moḥammad in ca. 615/1218 divide up the office amongst six commissioners (wakildārs; see
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64:
3507:, pp. 5-8, 17; Horst, pp. 10-12, 25, and passim). Nor is much specifically known of court life in Gorgānj under the Khwarazmshahs, but they had, like other rulers of their age, their court eulogists, and as well as being a noted stylist, Rašid-al-Din Vaṭvāṭ also had a considerable reputation as a poet in Persian."
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Princes, although they were often tutored in Arabic and religious subjects, frequently did not feel as comfortable with the Arabic language and preferred literature in
Persian, which was either their mother tongue—as in the case of dynasties such as the Saffarids (861–1003), Samanids (873–1005), and
3519:
Indeed, since the formation of the
Ghaznavids state in the tenth century until the fall of Qajars at the beginning of the twentieth century, most parts of the Iranian cultural regions were ruled by Turkic-speaking dynasties most of the time. At the same time, the official language was Persian, the
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3635:"The governors were often Turkish slave commanders of the Saljuqs; one of them was Anūštigin Ḡaṛčaʾī, whose son Qoṭb-al-Dīn Moḥammad began in 490/1097 what became in effect a hereditary and largely independent line of ḵǰᵛārazmšāhs."
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Sultan Ahmed Sanjar died in 1156. As the Seljuk state fell into chaos, the
Khwarezm-Shahs expanded their territories southward. In 1194, the last Sultan of the Great Seljuq Empire,
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Buyids (945–1055)—or was a preferred lingua franca for them—as with the later
Turkish dynasties such as the Ghaznawids (977–1187) and Saljuks (1037–1194)
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court literature was in
Persian, and most of the chancellors, ministers, and mandarins were Persian speakers of the highest learning and ability
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Ala ad-Din
Muhammad's alliance with his suzerain was short-lived. He again initiated a conflict, this time with the aid of the
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and was defeated by them at Amu Darya (1204). Following the sack of
Khwarizm, Muhammad appealed for aid from his suzerain, the
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The date of the founding of the
Khwarazmian dynasty remains debatable. During a revolt in 1017, Khwarezmian rebels murdered
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2610:, Государство Хорезмшахов-Ануштегинидов. 1097-1231. (State of the Khwarezmshahs-Anushtiginids. 1097-1231). Page 142.
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from 1017 to 1034. In 1077, the governorship of the province, which since 1042/1043 belonged to the
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445:. In response, Mahmud invaded and occupied the region of Khwarezm, which included Nasa and the
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into his empire, which after further conquests in western Persia (by 1217) stretched from the
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30:"Khwarazmian dynasty" redirects here. For the territorial states over which it ruled, see
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3565:"Hârezmşâh Hükümdarlarına Ait Farsça Şiirler/The Persian Poems of Khwārizmshāh Rulers."
3517:
Homa
Katouzian, "Iranian history and politics", Published by Routledge, 2003. pg 128: "
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3531:"Persian Prose Literature." World Eras. 2002. HighBeam Research. (3 September 2012);"
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Persian
Historiography and Geography: Bertold Spuler on Major Works Produced in
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John Man, "Genghis Khan: Life, Death, and Resurrection", 6 Feb. 2007. Page 180.
520:
who sent him an army. With this reinforcement, Muhammad won a victory over the
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3569:“The Khwārizmshāh rulers, descended from the Begdili clan of the Oghuz’s”
450:
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1007: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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3551:
CURRENT RESEARCH JOURNAL OF PEDAGOGICS 2, no. 09 (2021): 13-18. p.16.
3448:(reference to Turkish scholar Kafesoğlu), v, p. 140, Online Edition, (
63:
8778:
8098:
7519:
International military intervention against the Islamic State (2014–)
6927:
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3979:
3633:(reference to Turkish scholar Kafesoğlu), v, p. 140, Online Edition:
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508:
and western Iran. In 1200, Tekish died and was succeeded by his son,
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27:
1077–1260 Persianate Sunni Muslim dynasty of Turkic mamluk origin
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slave of the Seljuq sultans, who was appointed as governor of
356:(Western Liao), and later as independent rulers, up until the
3331:
Mausoleum of Khwarazm Shah Tekish, Köneürgench, Turkmenistan
579:. By 1218, the empire had a population of 5 million people.
539:(1210) to be occupied by the Qara-Khitai. He overthrew the
266:
260:
251:
5290:
3602:, Vol. V, pp. 66 & 93; B.G. Gafurov & D. Kaushik,
245:
8394:
Industrial Development and Renovation Organization (IDRO)
257:
236:
3567:
Marmara Türkiyat Araştırmaları Dergisi 2, no. 2: 25-51.
3827:, with a foreword by Professor Clifford Edmund Bosworth
3466:
Mongols and Mamluks: The Mamluk-Ilkhanid War, 1260–1281
469:
slave of the Seljuq sultan. In 1141, the Seljuq Sultan
34:. For earlier dynasties that ruled over Khwarazm, see
3495:
Khwarazmshahs i. Descendants of the line of Anuštigin
263:
239:
3549:"ABOUT THE ARMY OF STATE OF JALOLIDDIN KHOREZMSHAH."
524:
at Hezarasp (1204) and forced them out of Khwarizm.
344:
in the approximate period of 1077 to 1231, first as
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The Empire of the Steppes:A History of Central Asia
3652:
The Empire of the Steppes:A History of Central Asia
254:
203:
195:
180:
156:
146:
136:
128:
106:
85:
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45:
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3732:The Empire of the Qara Khitai in Eurasian History
3669:The Empire of the Qara Khitai in Eurasian history
3604:"Central Asia: Pre-Historic to Pre-Modern Times"
2649:
2640:
500:, was defeated and killed by the Khwarezm ruler
7455:December 1979 Iranian constitutional referendum
3405:Similarly, the most distant ancestor of Sultan
912:Pink Row Signifies suzerainty shifting between
7541:2018–2019 Iranian general strikes and protests
7440:March 1979 Iranian Islamic Republic referendum
7323:Persian Constitutional Revolution (1905–1911)
6800:
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955:
547:(1215). In 1212, he shifted his capital from
49:
8:
8399:Iran Aviation Industries Organization (IAIO)
6763:"Empire" as a description of foreign policy
7509:2009 Iranian presidential election protests
332:, consisting in large parts of present-day
9076:States and territories established in 1077
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8015:Islamic Consultative Assembly (parliament)
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7393:1949 Iranian Constituent Assembly election
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3424:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
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51:
7524:Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (2015)
5178:Murals from the Christian temple at Qocho
3734:, (Cambridge University Press, 2005), 44.
3470:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
3353:Mongol conquest of the Khwarazmian Empire
1023:Learn how and when to remove this message
555:. Thus incorporating nearly the whole of
429:Timeline of the Turkic peoples (500–1300)
358:Mongol conquest of the Khwarazmian Empire
7343:Arab separatism in Khuzestan (1922–2020)
3747:, (Rutgers University Press, 1991), 168.
586:
8129:Economic Cooperation Organization (ECO)
5025:Bactria–Margiana Archaeological Complex
3915:Bactria–Margiana Archaeological Complex
3394:
3392:
3388:
3351:(1169, 1200–20), before it fell to the
3298:
874:Jalal al-Dunya wa al-Din Abul-Muzaffar
7667:History of democracy in classical Iran
5280:Siberian Collection of Peter the Great
3417:
437:and his wife, Hurra-ji, sister of the
42:
8389:Defense Industries Organization (DIO)
8174:Iran and the World Trade Organization
3833:, Singapore: Pustaka Nasional, 2003,
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1038:
665:Arslan Tigin Muhammad ibn Anush Tigin
571:, and from the northern parts of the
531:, and defeated a Qara-Khitai army at
363:The dynasty was founded by commander
328:. The Anushteginid dynasty ruled the
7:
7561:2021 Sistan and Baluchestan protests
7551:2019 Sistan and Baluchestan protests
1005:adding citations to reliable sources
765:Ala al-Dunya wa al-Din Abul-Muzaffar
691:Ala al-Dunya wa al-Din Abul-Muzaffar
512:, who initiated a conflict with the
8794:Chicago Persian antiquities dispute
8435:Chabahar Free Trade-Industrial Zone
8409:National Iranian Oil Company (NIOC)
8208:UN Security Council Resolution 1747
7943:UN Security Council Resolution 1747
5235:Kandahar Bilingual Rock Inscription
937:Family tree of Anushtiginid Dynasty
802:Jalal al-Dunya wa al-Din Abul-Qasim
296:
282:
7333:Kurdish separatism in Iran (1918–)
5230:Pul-i-Darunteh Aramaic inscription
4231:Silk Road transmission of Buddhism
3583:Turkey: Mehmet Ölmez, 2002. p.11.
3399:Fazlallakh, Rashid ad-Din (1987).
924:Orange Rows Signify suzerainty of
25:
8404:Iran Electronics Industries (IEI)
8025:Supreme National Security Council
7851:Persian Constitutional Revolution
7481:Interim Government of Iran (1981)
7388:Insurgency in Balochistan (1948–)
7378:Shatt al-Arab dispute (1936–1975)
4641:Desert castles of ancient Khorezm
9034:
9025:
9024:
8000:Assembly (or Council) of Experts
3627:"Chorasmia ii. In Islamic times"
3336:
3324:
3301:
981:
970:Anushtiginid dynasty family tree
847:Ala al-Dunya wa al-Din Abul-Fath
813:Mahmud Sultan Shah ibn Il-Arslan
739:Il-Arslan ibn Qizil Arslan Atsiz
728:Taj al-Dunya wa al-Din Abul-Fath
391:may have belonged to either the
232:
62:
8199:Military equipment manufactured
7765:Caspian Hyrcanian mixed forests
7529:United States withdrawal (2018)
7450:Iran hostage crisis (1979–1981)
5240:Kandahar Greek Edicts of Ashoka
4510:Mausoleum of Khoja Ahmed Yasawi
3270:
3191:
3105:
3037:
3021:
3001:
2911:
2837:
2763:
2689:
992:needs additional citations for
879:جلال الدنیا و الدین، ابو المظفر
807:جلال الدنیا و الدین، ابو القاسم
770:علاء الدنیا و الدین، ابو المظفر
702:Qizil Arslan Atsiz ibn Muhammad
696:علاء الدنیا و الدین، ابو المظفر
670:ارسلان طگین محمد ابن أنوش طگین
641:
620:
599:
9071:1231 disestablishments in Asia
8759:modern / contemporary
8005:Expediency Discernment Council
7328:1908 bombardment of the Majlis
7317:Caucasus (18th–20th centuries)
5275:Boar hunter (Hermitage Museum)
5220:Aramaic Inscription of Laghman
3462:Amitai-Preiss, Reuven (1995).
3377:List of Sunni Muslim dynasties
852:علاء الدنیا و الدین، ابو الفتح
818:محمود سلطان شاہ ابن ایل ارسلان
744:ایل ارسلان بن قزل ارسلان أتسز
379:, became the first hereditary
1:
7973:state-sponsorship allegations
4226:Silk Road transmission of art
3367:Full list of Persian Kingdoms
733:تاج الدنیا و الدین، ابو الفتح
481:, and Anush Tigin's grandson
8430:Asaluyeh industrial corridor
7731:twin towns and sister cities
7037:Persis (after 132 BC–AD 224)
6914:Mannai (10th–7th century BC)
6890:Empire (c.2334 BC–c.2154 BC)
5225:Kandahar Aramaic inscription
3687:, "Khwarezm-Shah-Dynasty", (
3308:Mausoleum of Khwarazm Shah,
2638:
894:
883:
872:
867:
856:
835:
830:
811:
790:
785:
774:
753:
748:
737:
716:
711:
700:
679:
674:
663:
642:
637:
626:
621:
616:
605:
600:
8709:Water supply and sanitation
8440:Kish Island Free Trade Zone
7499:KDPI insurgency (1989–1996)
6874:civilization (3100–2700 BC)
3581:Harezm-Altın Ordu Türkçesi.
823:Initially under regency of
9127:
8189:Economy of the Middle East
7566:2021–2022 Iranian protests
7556:2019–2020 Iranian protests
7536:2017–2018 Iranian protests
6997:Cappadocia (320s BC–AD 17)
3706:Edinburgh University Press
3673:Cambridge University Press
3654:, Transl. Naomi Walford, (
583:Anushteginid Khwarazmshahs
426:
29:
9106:Dynasties of Central Asia
9020:
8735:
8474:
8461:
8414:National Development Fund
8334:Telecommunications and IT
8328:Anglo-Persian Oil Company
8154:Foreign direct investment
8099:Bonyad (charitable trust)
8087:
8074:
7830:
7817:
7711:
7698:
7445:1979 Khuzestan insurgency
7435:Interim Government (1979)
6840:
6836:
6823:
4726:Siypantosh Rock Paintings
3232:
3230:
3171:
3169:
3167:
3151:
3147:
3145:
3143:
3139:
3067:
3065:
3007:
2985:
2983:
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2977:
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2178:
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2174:
2172:
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2158:
2117:
2115:
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2073:
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2057:
2053:
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1893:
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1525:
1519:
1517:
1515:
1509:
1507:
1505:
1481:
1477:
1475:
1473:
1471:
1469:
1467:
1465:
1459:
1457:
1455:
1340:
1338:
1336:
1330:
1328:
1326:
1298:
1294:
1292:
1290:
1284:
1282:
1280:
1147:
1145:
595:
592:
589:
504:, who conquered parts of
461:, fell into the hands of
453:became a province of the
210:1231 (Khwarazmian Empire)
61:
50:
8164:International oil bourse
7929:Ministry of Intelligence
7514:Syrian civil war (2011–)
7338:1921 Persian coup d'état
5173:Mogao Christian painting
4746:Zarautsoy Rock Paintings
4460:Petroglyphs of Arpa-Uzen
4450:Merke Turkic Sanctuaries
3805:M. Ismail Marcinkowski,
3656:Rutgers University Press
449:of Farawa. As a result,
8688:scientists and scholars
8194:Milad Tower and complex
7984:Women's rights movement
7979:White Revolution (1963)
7647:Peoples of the Caucasus
6989:Armenia (321 BC–AD 428)
6882:dynasties (2700–540 BC)
5270:Saksanokhur gold buckle
5158:Hephthalite silver bowl
5035:Chakhil-i-Ghoundi Stupa
4075:Second Turkic Khaganate
3876:History of Central Asia
3719:The Ghaznavids:994-1040
3702:The Ghaznavids:994-1040
3685:Encyclopædia Britannica
3563:Özgüdenli, Osman Gazi.
3401:Oghuznameh (in Russian)
3349:Muhammad II of Khwarazm
3040: 1172–1172,
707:قزل ارسلان أتسز بن محمد
9081:Former empires in Asia
8999:Anti-Iranian sentiment
8994:Science and technology
8819:Intellectual movements
8699:International rankings
8683:Intellectual movements
8169:International rankings
7662:Heads of state of Iran
7468:Nojeh coup plot (1980)
7029:Empire (247 BC–AD 224)
6866:culture (3400–2000 BC)
5250:Stamp seal (BM 119999)
5010:Alexandria Prophthasia
4035:First Turkic Khaganate
3970:Greco-Bactrian Kingdom
2623:Simplified Family Tree
2382:Sultan of Persian Iraq
885:Mingburnu ibn Muhammad
377:Qutb ad-Din Muhammad I
56:, Khānedāne Ānushtegin
8287:Shetab Banking System
8277:Banking and insurance
8239:Tehran Stock Exchange
8159:Intellectual property
7504:PJAK conflict (2004–)
7277:Turcomans (1378–1508)
7269:Turcomans (1374–1468)
7218:Ilkhanate (1256–1335)
7021:Pontus (281 BC–AD 62)
6733:Medieval great powers
5060:Gawhar Shad Mausoleum
4435:Karsakpay inscription
3890:Mal'ta–Buret' culture
3631:Encyclopaedia Iranica
3499:Encyclopaedia Iranica
3446:Encyclopaedia Iranica
3407:Muhammad Khwarazmshah
3347:was last occupied by
903:Purple Row Signifies
654:Qutb ad-Din Abul-Fath
360:in the 13th century.
287:), also known as the
9096:13th century in Iran
9091:12th century in Iran
9086:11th century in Iran
8248:Technology start-ups
8149:Environmental issues
8139:Economic Reform Plan
8053:Provincial governors
7743:Environmental issues
7491:Iran Air Flight 655
7232:Jalayirid Sultanate
7104:Caliphate (750–1258)
6946:Kingdom (652–625 BC)
6743:European colonialism
6728:Ancient great powers
4867:Kutlug Timur Minaret
4402:Noin-Ula burial site
4200:Chinese Central Asia
3783:Rene, Grousset, 237.
3774:Rene, Grousset, 234.
3765:Rene, Grousset, 169.
3756:Rene, Grousset, 168.
3501:, online ed., 2009:
3444:"Anuštigin Ĝarčāī",
3383:Notes and references
2630:Anush-Tegin Dynasty
1001:improve this article
776:Tekish ibn Il-Arslan
535:(1210), but allowed
473:was defeated by the
463:Anush Tigin Gharchai
8648:Freedom of religion
8234:Supreme Audit Court
8113:Automotive industry
7760:Iranian Balochistan
7486:1987 Mecca incident
7383:Iran crisis of 1946
7372:dynasty (1925–1979)
7301:Dynasty (1751–1794)
7242:dynasty (1338–1357)
7234:dynasty (1335–1432)
7226:dynasty (1314–1393)
7211:dynasty (1244–1381)
7195:dynasty (1077–1231)
7179:dynasty (1011–1215)
7096:Caliphate (661–750)
7088:Caliphate (632–661)
7056:Empire (AD 224–651)
6973:Empire (550–330 BC)
6954:Empire (626–539 BC)
6938:Empire (678–549 BC)
6922:Empire (911–609 BC)
6738:Modern great powers
5260:Siberian Ice Maiden
5050:Dokhtar-i-Noshirwan
4465:Petrovka settlement
4195:Soviet Central Asia
4120:Great Seljuq Empire
3600:Camb. Hist. of Iran
1073:Anushtigin Gharchai
890:مِنکُبِرنی ابن محمد
858:Muhammad ibn Tekish
659:قطب الدین ابو الفتح
628:Ekinchi ibn Qochqar
607:Anushtegin Gharchai
510:Ala ad-Din Muhammad
485:became a vassal to
365:Anushtegin Gharchai
289:Khwarazmian dynasty
213:1260 (Mamluk Egypt)
141:Anushtegin Gharchai
9066:Khwarazmian Empire
9061:Anushtegin dynasty
8779:Persian New Year (
8184:Main economic laws
7755:Iranian Azerbaijan
7657:Monarchs of Persia
7601:Persianate society
7309:Empire (1789–1925)
7293:Empire (1736–1796)
7285:Empire (1501–1736)
7261:Empire (1370–1507)
7187:Empire (1037–1194)
7152:dynasty (934–1062)
7144:dynasty (931–1090)
7136:dynasty (861–1003)
7005:Empire (312–63 BC)
6906:(c.1595–c.1155 BC)
5210:Buddhas of Bamiyan
5163:Chilek silver bowl
5030:Buddhas of Bamiyan
4706:Obi-Rakhmat Grotto
4495:Talapty Settlement
4281:Filippovka kurgans
4170:Khanate of Bukhara
4130:Khwarazmian Empire
4055:Ikhshids of Sogdia
3900:Afanasievo culture
2646:Khwarezmian Empire
2402:Sultan of Khwarezm
1084:Shihna of Khwarezm
781:تکش بن ایل ارسلان
675:1097–1127/28 C.E.
435:Abu'l-Abbas Ma'mun
330:Khwarazmian Empire
224:Anushtegin dynasty
93:Khwarazmian Empire
46:Anushtegin dynasty
32:Khwarazmian Empire
9101:Medieval Khorasan
9048:
9047:
9016:
9015:
9012:
9011:
8982:
8981:
8889:Opium consumption
8722:
8721:
8558:Ethnic minorities
8532:Iranian languages
8457:
8456:
8453:
8452:
8070:
8069:
8066:
8065:
7949:Political parties
7887:Children's rights
7872:Foreign relations
7866:2009 presidential
7813:
7812:
7775:Iranian Kurdistan
7694:
7693:
7690:
7689:
7574:
7573:
7546:COVID-19 pandemic
7405:Revolution (1979)
7351:
7350:
7171:Empire (977–1186)
7128:dynasty (864–928)
7120:dynasty (821–873)
7112:dynasty (819–999)
7065:
7064:
6981:(c.323 BC–AD 226)
6782:
6781:
6704:
6703:
6669:Polish–Lithuanian
5844:Gurjara-Pratihara
5288:
5287:
5265:Ai-Khanoum plaque
5136:
5135:
4940:Chakhil-i-Ghoundi
4216:Central Asian art
4190:Russian Turkestan
4185:Chinese Turkestan
4085:Abbasid Caliphate
4049:Anxi Protectorate
3995:Kushano-Sasanians
3960:Macedonian Empire
3955:Achaemenid Empire
3925:Andronovo culture
3905:Sintashta culture
3505:İbrahim Kafesoğlu
3477:978-0-521-46226-6
3411:Nushtekin Gharcha
3292:
3291:
3288:
3287:
2661:
2660:
2620:
2619:
2596:
2595:
2426:
2384:
2350:
1033:
1032:
1025:
899:
898:
892:
881:
865:
854:
844:
828:
820:
809:
799:
783:
772:
762:
746:
735:
725:
709:
698:
688:
672:
661:
651:
635:
614:
502:Ala ad-Din Tekish
220:
219:
151:Saif ad-Din Qutuz
16:(Redirected from
9118:
9038:
9028:
9027:
8879:National symbols
8733:
8548:Iranian citizens
8485:
8476:
8463:
8445:Research centers
8134:Economic history
8089:
8076:
8010:Guardian Council
7832:
7819:
7700:
7677:Electric history
7672:Military history
7586:Ancient Persians
7494:
7493:shootdown (1988)
7476:
7463:
7460:Iranian Embassy
7430:
7419:
7417:Islamic Republic
7406:
7398:1953 coup d'état
7373:
7360:
7318:
7315:Khanates of the
7310:
7302:
7294:
7286:
7278:
7270:
7262:
7243:
7235:
7227:
7219:
7212:
7204:
7196:
7188:
7180:
7172:
7153:
7145:
7137:
7129:
7121:
7113:
7105:
7097:
7089:
7076:
7057:
7038:
7030:
7022:
7014:
7006:
6998:
6990:
6982:
6974:
6955:
6947:
6939:
6931:
6923:
6915:
6907:
6899:
6891:
6883:
6875:
6867:
6854:
6838:
6825:
6809:
6802:
6795:
6786:
6585:
6250:Austro-Hungarian
5950:Chagatai Khanate
5315:
5308:
5301:
5292:
5255:Seal of Khingila
5183:Penjikent murals
4804:Kalai Kafirnigan
4691:Koi Krylgan Kala
4500:Turkistan (city)
4485:Steppe Geoglyphs
4249:
4180:Khanate of Khiva
4140:Chagatai Khanate
4095:Saffarid dynasty
4080:Uyghur Khaganate
3869:
3862:
3855:
3846:
3829:, member of the
3793:
3790:
3784:
3781:
3775:
3772:
3766:
3763:
3757:
3754:
3748:
3743:Rene, Grousset,
3741:
3735:
3728:
3722:
3715:
3709:
3698:
3692:
3682:
3676:
3665:
3659:
3648:
3642:
3620:
3614:
3593:
3587:
3577:
3571:
3561:
3555:
3547:Negmatov, B. M.
3545:
3539:
3529:
3523:
3515:
3509:
3488:
3482:
3481:
3469:
3459:
3453:
3439:
3430:
3429:
3423:
3415:
3396:
3343:The fortress of
3340:
3328:
3305:
3274:
3273: 1259–1260
3272:
3195:
3194: 1220–1231
3193:
3109:
3108: 1200–1220
3107:
3043:
3039:
3025:
3024: 1195–1220
3023:
3005:
3004: 1172–1200
3003:
2915:
2914: 1156–1172
2913:
2841:
2840: 1127–1156
2839:
2767:
2766: 1097–1127
2765:
2693:
2692: 1077–1097
2691:
2663:
2662:
2655:Mamluk Sultanate
2653:
2652:
2644:
2643:
2636:
2635:
2627:
2424:Sultan of Kirman
2422:
2380:
2346:
1964:Shah of Khwarezm
1766:Shah of Khwarezm
1747:Shah of Khwarezm
1582:Shah of Khwarezm
1393:Shah of Khwarezm
1223:Shah of Khwarezm
1036:
1035:
1028:
1021:
1017:
1014:
1008:
985:
977:
964:
957:
950:
941:
891:
888:
880:
877:
864:
861:
853:
850:
843:
840:
822:
819:
816:
808:
805:
798:
795:
782:
779:
771:
768:
761:
758:
745:
742:
734:
731:
724:
721:
708:
705:
697:
694:
687:
684:
671:
668:
660:
657:
650:
647:
634:
633:ایکینچی بن قوچار
631:
613:
610:
587:
569:Zagros Mountains
559:and present-day
483:Ala ad-Din Atsiz
479:battle of Qatwan
455:Ghaznavid Empire
320:origin from the
300:
299:
286:
285:
276:
275:
272:
271:
268:
265:
262:
259:
256:
253:
250:
247:
244:
241:
238:
66:
55:
54:
53:
43:
21:
9126:
9125:
9121:
9120:
9119:
9117:
9116:
9115:
9111:Sunni dynasties
9051:
9050:
9049:
9044:
9008:
8978:
8957:Rap and hip-hop
8928:
8909:Public holidays
8894:Persian gardens
8883:Imperial Anthem
8874:National Jewels
8829:Iranian studies
8718:
8652:
8604:
8536:
8497:Persian (Farsi)
8470:
8449:
8418:
8380:
8373:
8308:Pharmaceuticals
8253:
8244:Venture capital
8219:Rial (currency)
8204:Nuclear program
8083:
8062:
8029:
7988:
7939:Nuclear program
7904:Judicial system
7826:
7809:
7780:Iranian plateau
7707:
7686:
7570:
7492:
7474:
7461:
7429:History (1979–)
7428:
7420:
7415:
7410:
7404:
7371:
7347:
7316:
7308:
7300:
7292:
7284:
7276:
7268:
7260:
7247:
7241:
7233:
7225:
7217:
7210:
7202:
7194:
7186:
7178:
7170:
7157:
7151:
7143:
7135:
7127:
7119:
7111:
7103:
7095:
7087:
7071:
7061:
7055:
7042:
7036:
7028:
7020:
7012:
7004:
6996:
6988:
6980:
6972:
6959:
6953:
6952:Neo-Babylonian
6945:
6937:
6930:(860 BC–590 BC)
6929:
6921:
6913:
6905:
6898:(c.2300–675 BC)
6897:
6889:
6881:
6873:
6865:
6845:
6832:
6819:
6813:
6783:
6778:
6767:American Empire
6752:
6748:African empires
6700:
6583:
6275:Central African
6221:
6039:Romano-Germanic
5625:
5359:Middle Assyrian
5332:
5324:
5319:
5289:
5284:
5245:Afrasiab murals
5188:Sampul tapestry
5132:
5128:Shahr-e Sukhteh
5118:Bandian complex
5104:
5080:Musalla Complex
4960:Tapa-i Kafariha
4901:
4822:Cave of Dzhebel
4808:
4750:
4587:
4519:
4515:Araltobe kurgan
4406:
4388:
4314:Kizilgaha caves
4285:
4271:Pazyryk burials
4253:Southern Russia
4240:
4204:
4090:Tahirid dynasty
4060:Tokhara Yabghus
3965:Seleucid Empire
3940:Pazyryk culture
3895:Yamnaya culture
3878:
3873:
3831:British Academy
3802:
3800:Further reading
3797:
3796:
3791:
3787:
3782:
3778:
3773:
3769:
3764:
3760:
3755:
3751:
3742:
3738:
3730:Biran, Michel,
3729:
3725:
3717:C.E. Bosworth,
3716:
3712:
3700:C.E. Bosworth,
3699:
3695:
3683:
3679:
3667:Biran, Michel,
3666:
3662:
3650:Rene Grousset,
3649:
3645:
3621:
3617:
3606:; Delhi, 2005;
3594:
3590:
3578:
3574:
3562:
3558:
3546:
3542:
3530:
3526:
3516:
3512:
3489:
3485:
3478:
3461:
3460:
3456:
3440:
3433:
3416:
3398:
3397:
3390:
3385:
3363:
3356:
3341:
3332:
3329:
3320:
3306:
3297:
3269:
3268:
3190:
3189:
3104:
3103:
3041:
3036:
3035:
3020:
3019:
3013:
3000:
2999:
2910:
2909:
2836:
2835:
2762:
2761:
2688:
2687:
2681:
2650:
2648:
2641:
2625:
2616:
2587:
2578:
2563:Sultan of Egypt
2561:
2555:
2460:
2451:
2441:
2432:
2421:
2411:
2400:
2394:
2379:
2369:
2358:
2345:
2335:
2324:
2314:
2143:
2134:
2125:
1990:
1980:
1971:
1962:
1956:
1943:
1934:
1924:
1913:
1764:
1758:
1745:
1739:
1598:
1589:
1580:
1574:
1561:
1400:
1391:
1385:
1372:
1221:
1215:
1082:
1076:
1034:
1029:
1018:
1012:
1009:
998:
986:
971:
968:
939:
895:1220–1231 C.E.
887:
876:
868:1200–1220 C.E.
860:
849:
845:
839:
831:1172–1193 C.E.
821:
815:
804:
800:
794:
786:1172–1200 C.E.
778:
767:
763:
757:
749:1156–1172 C.E.
741:
730:
726:
720:
712:1127–1156 C.E.
704:
693:
689:
683:
667:
656:
652:
646:
630:
617:1077/1097 C.E.
609:
585:
431:
425:
284:خاندان انوشتکین
235:
231:
216:
121:
117:
113:
102:
57:
52:خاندان انوشتکین
47:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
9124:
9122:
9114:
9113:
9108:
9103:
9098:
9093:
9088:
9083:
9078:
9073:
9068:
9063:
9053:
9052:
9046:
9045:
9043:
9042:
9032:
9021:
9018:
9017:
9014:
9013:
9010:
9009:
9007:
9006:
9001:
8996:
8990:
8988:
8984:
8983:
8980:
8979:
8977:
8976:
8969:
8964:
8959:
8954:
8949:
8944:
8938:
8936:
8930:
8929:
8927:
8926:
8916:
8911:
8906:
8901:
8896:
8891:
8886:
8876:
8871:
8866:
8860:
8846:
8841:
8831:
8826:
8821:
8816:
8811:
8801:
8796:
8791:
8786:
8772:
8767:
8762:
8752:
8746:
8736:
8730:
8724:
8723:
8720:
8719:
8717:
8716:
8711:
8706:
8701:
8696:
8690:
8685:
8680:
8671:
8666:
8660:
8658:
8654:
8653:
8651:
8650:
8645:
8635:
8630:
8620:
8614:
8612:
8606:
8605:
8603:
8602:
8601:
8600:
8595:
8590:
8585:
8580:
8575:
8570:
8565:
8555:
8544:
8542:
8538:
8537:
8535:
8534:
8529:
8524:
8519:
8514:
8509:
8504:
8499:
8493:
8491:
8482:
8472:
8471:
8466:
8459:
8458:
8455:
8454:
8451:
8450:
8448:
8447:
8442:
8437:
8432:
8426:
8424:
8420:
8419:
8417:
8416:
8411:
8406:
8401:
8396:
8391:
8385:
8383:
8375:
8374:
8372:
8371:
8366:
8360:
8355:
8350:
8341:
8331:
8321:
8316:
8311:
8301:
8296:
8291:
8290:
8289:
8284:
8274:
8263:
8261:
8255:
8254:
8252:
8251:
8241:
8236:
8231:
8226:
8221:
8216:
8211:
8201:
8196:
8191:
8186:
8181:
8176:
8171:
8166:
8161:
8156:
8151:
8146:
8141:
8136:
8131:
8126:
8121:
8116:
8106:
8101:
8095:
8093:
8085:
8084:
8079:
8072:
8071:
8068:
8067:
8064:
8063:
8061:
8060:
8058:Supreme Leader
8055:
8050:
8045:
8039:
8037:
8031:
8030:
8028:
8027:
8022:
8020:Local councils
8017:
8012:
8007:
8002:
7996:
7994:
7990:
7989:
7987:
7986:
7981:
7976:
7966:
7961:
7956:
7951:
7946:
7936:
7931:
7926:
7920:
7915:
7906:
7901:
7900:
7899:
7897:Women's rights
7894:
7889:
7879:
7874:
7869:
7859:
7854:
7844:
7838:
7836:
7828:
7827:
7822:
7815:
7814:
7811:
7810:
7808:
7807:
7802:
7797:
7792:
7787:
7782:
7777:
7772:
7767:
7762:
7757:
7752:
7751:
7750:
7748:Climate change
7740:
7735:
7734:
7733:
7728:
7718:
7712:
7709:
7708:
7703:
7696:
7695:
7692:
7691:
7688:
7687:
7685:
7684:
7679:
7674:
7669:
7664:
7659:
7654:
7649:
7644:
7639:
7634:
7632:Jiroft culture
7629:
7628:
7627:
7620:Iranic peoples
7617:
7616:
7615:
7614:
7613:
7608:
7596:Persianization
7593:
7588:
7582:
7580:
7576:
7575:
7572:
7571:
7569:
7568:
7563:
7558:
7553:
7548:
7543:
7538:
7533:
7532:
7531:
7521:
7516:
7511:
7506:
7501:
7496:
7488:
7483:
7478:
7470:
7465:
7457:
7452:
7447:
7442:
7437:
7432:
7424:
7422:
7412:
7411:
7409:
7408:
7400:
7395:
7390:
7385:
7380:
7375:
7366:
7364:
7357:
7353:
7352:
7349:
7348:
7346:
7345:
7340:
7335:
7330:
7325:
7320:
7312:
7304:
7296:
7288:
7280:
7272:
7264:
7255:
7253:
7249:
7248:
7246:
7245:
7237:
7229:
7221:
7214:
7206:
7203:(1135/36-1225)
7198:
7190:
7182:
7174:
7165:
7163:
7159:
7158:
7156:
7155:
7147:
7139:
7131:
7123:
7115:
7107:
7099:
7091:
7082:
7080:
7073:
7067:
7066:
7063:
7062:
7060:
7059:
7050:
7048:
7044:
7043:
7041:
7040:
7032:
7024:
7016:
7013:(c.295–220 BC)
7008:
7000:
6992:
6984:
6976:
6967:
6965:
6961:
6960:
6958:
6957:
6949:
6941:
6933:
6925:
6917:
6909:
6901:
6893:
6885:
6877:
6872:Proto-Elamite
6869:
6860:
6858:
6851:
6847:
6846:
6841:
6834:
6833:
6828:
6821:
6820:
6814:
6812:
6811:
6804:
6797:
6789:
6780:
6779:
6777:
6776:
6775:
6774:
6769:
6760:
6758:
6754:
6753:
6751:
6750:
6745:
6740:
6735:
6730:
6725:
6724:
6723:
6712:
6710:
6706:
6705:
6702:
6701:
6699:
6698:
6693:
6688:
6683:
6678:
6677:
6676:
6666:
6661:
6656:
6651:
6646:
6641:
6636:
6631:
6626:
6621:
6620:
6619:
6614:
6604:
6599:
6593:
6591:
6582:
6581:
6580:
6579:
6574:
6569:
6564:
6559:
6549:
6544:
6543:
6542:
6532:
6527:
6526:
6525:
6520:
6515:
6505:
6500:
6499:
6498:
6493:
6483:
6482:
6481:
6476:
6471:
6466:
6461:
6451:
6450:
6449:
6444:
6434:
6429:
6424:
6419:
6418:
6417:
6412:
6407:
6402:
6397:
6387:
6386:
6385:
6380:
6370:
6365:
6364:
6363:
6358:
6348:
6347:
6346:
6341:
6331:
6330:
6329:
6324:
6314:
6309:
6308:
6307:
6302:
6297:
6292:
6287:
6277:
6272:
6271:
6270:
6265:
6257:
6252:
6247:
6242:
6237:
6231:
6229:
6223:
6222:
6220:
6219:
6214:
6209:
6204:
6203:
6202:
6197:
6192:
6187:
6182:
6177:
6172:
6162:
6157:
6156:
6155:
6150:
6145:
6140:
6135:
6130:
6120:
6119:
6118:
6113:
6108:
6103:
6093:
6088:
6083:
6078:
6073:
6068:
6063:
6058:
6053:
6052:
6051:
6046:
6036:
6035:
6034:
6029:
6024:
6019:
6014:
6009:
5996:
5991:
5986:
5981:
5980:
5979:
5974:
5969:
5959:
5958:
5957:
5952:
5947:
5942:
5932:
5927:
5922:
5917:
5912:
5907:
5906:
5905:
5900:
5895:
5890:
5880:
5879:
5878:
5873:
5868:
5863:
5853:
5852:
5851:
5846:
5841:
5831:
5826:
5821:
5816:
5811:
5810:
5809:
5804:
5799:
5789:
5784:
5783:
5782:
5777:
5772:
5767:
5762:
5757:
5747:
5746:
5745:
5740:
5730:
5729:
5728:
5723:
5718:
5713:
5703:
5698:
5697:
5696:
5686:
5685:
5684:
5679:
5671:
5666:
5661:
5656:
5651:
5646:
5641:
5635:
5633:
5631:Post-classical
5627:
5626:
5624:
5623:
5622:
5621:
5611:
5606:
5605:
5604:
5599:
5589:
5588:
5587:
5577:
5576:
5575:
5570:
5565:
5560:
5555:
5550:
5540:
5535:
5530:
5529:
5528:
5523:
5518:
5513:
5503:
5502:
5501:
5496:
5486:
5481:
5480:
5479:
5474:
5469:
5464:
5459:
5449:
5444:
5439:
5438:
5437:
5432:
5430:Middle Kingdom
5427:
5417:
5412:
5411:
5410:
5405:
5400:
5390:
5389:
5388:
5386:Neo-Babylonian
5383:
5378:
5376:Old Babylonian
5368:
5367:
5366:
5361:
5351:
5346:
5340:
5338:
5326:
5325:
5320:
5318:
5317:
5310:
5303:
5295:
5286:
5285:
5283:
5282:
5277:
5272:
5267:
5262:
5257:
5252:
5247:
5242:
5237:
5232:
5227:
5222:
5217:
5212:
5207:
5205:Bimaran Casket
5202:
5197:
5194:Sogdian Daēnās
5190:
5185:
5180:
5175:
5170:
5168:Gardez Ganesha
5165:
5160:
5155:
5150:
5144:
5142:
5138:
5137:
5134:
5133:
5131:
5130:
5125:
5120:
5114:
5112:
5106:
5105:
5103:
5102:
5097:
5092:
5087:
5082:
5077:
5072:
5067:
5062:
5057:
5052:
5047:
5042:
5037:
5032:
5027:
5022:
5017:
5012:
5007:
5002:
4997:
4992:
4990:Takht-e Rostam
4987:
4982:
4977:
4972:
4967:
4962:
4957:
4952:
4947:
4942:
4937:
4932:
4927:
4925:Dilberjin Tepe
4922:
4917:
4911:
4909:
4903:
4902:
4900:
4899:
4894:
4889:
4884:
4879:
4874:
4869:
4864:
4859:
4854:
4849:
4844:
4839:
4834:
4829:
4824:
4818:
4816:
4810:
4809:
4807:
4806:
4801:
4799:Takht-i Sangin
4796:
4791:
4786:
4781:
4776:
4771:
4766:
4760:
4758:
4752:
4751:
4749:
4748:
4743:
4738:
4733:
4728:
4723:
4718:
4713:
4708:
4703:
4698:
4693:
4688:
4683:
4678:
4673:
4668:
4663:
4658:
4653:
4651:Guldursun-Kala
4648:
4643:
4638:
4636:Dalverzin Tepe
4633:
4628:
4623:
4618:
4613:
4608:
4606:Akchakhan-Kala
4603:
4597:
4595:
4589:
4588:
4586:
4585:
4580:
4575:
4570:
4565:
4560:
4555:
4550:
4545:
4540:
4535:
4529:
4527:
4521:
4520:
4518:
4517:
4512:
4507:
4502:
4497:
4492:
4487:
4482:
4477:
4472:
4467:
4462:
4457:
4452:
4447:
4442:
4437:
4432:
4427:
4422:
4416:
4414:
4408:
4407:
4405:
4404:
4398:
4396:
4390:
4389:
4387:
4386:
4381:
4376:
4371:
4366:
4364:Dunhuang Caves
4361:
4359:Bezeklik Caves
4356:
4351:
4346:
4341:
4336:
4331:
4326:
4324:Subashi Temple
4321:
4316:
4311:
4306:
4301:
4295:
4293:
4287:
4286:
4284:
4283:
4278:
4273:
4268:
4263:
4257:
4255:
4246:
4242:
4241:
4239:
4238:
4233:
4228:
4223:
4218:
4212:
4210:
4206:
4205:
4203:
4202:
4197:
4192:
4187:
4182:
4177:
4175:Durrani Empire
4172:
4167:
4165:Timurid Empire
4162:
4157:
4152:
4147:
4142:
4137:
4132:
4127:
4122:
4117:
4112:
4107:
4102:
4097:
4092:
4087:
4082:
4077:
4072:
4067:
4062:
4057:
4052:
4042:
4037:
4032:
4027:
4022:
4017:
4012:
4007:
4002:
3997:
3992:
3987:
3982:
3977:
3972:
3967:
3962:
3957:
3952:
3947:
3942:
3937:
3932:
3927:
3922:
3917:
3912:
3910:Vakhsh culture
3907:
3902:
3897:
3892:
3886:
3884:
3880:
3879:
3874:
3872:
3871:
3864:
3857:
3849:
3843:
3842:
3825:Ottoman Turkey
3801:
3798:
3795:
3794:
3785:
3776:
3767:
3758:
3749:
3736:
3723:
3710:
3693:
3677:
3660:
3643:
3623:C. E. Bosworth
3615:
3588:
3572:
3556:
3540:
3524:
3510:
3491:C. E. Bosworth
3483:
3476:
3454:
3431:
3387:
3386:
3384:
3381:
3380:
3379:
3374:
3369:
3362:
3359:
3358:
3357:
3345:Guldursun-Kala
3342:
3335:
3333:
3330:
3323:
3321:
3307:
3300:
3296:
3293:
3290:
3289:
3286:
3284:
3283:
3281:
3279:
3277:
3275:
3261:
3259:
3257:
3255:
3253:
3251:
3249:
3246:
3244:
3243:
3241:
3239:
3237:
3235:
3233:
3231:
3229:
3227:
3225:
3223:
3221:
3219:
3217:
3215:
3212:
3210:
3209:
3207:
3205:
3203:
3201:
3198:
3196:
3182:
3180:
3178:
3175:
3174:
3172:
3170:
3168:
3166:
3163:
3162:
3160:
3158:
3156:
3154:
3152:
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3148:
3146:
3144:
3142:
3140:
3138:
3136:
3134:
3132:
3129:
3127:
3126:
3124:
3122:
3120:
3118:
3116:
3114:
3112:
3110:
3096:
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3028:
3026:
3008:
3006:
2992:
2989:
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2467:
2465:
2464:
2457:
2455:
2440:Yahya Hur-Shah
2438:
2436:
2429:
2427:
2406:
2404:
2387:
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2364:
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2255:
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2209:
2207:
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2201:
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2169:
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2165:
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2159:
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2129:
2122:
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2110:
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2100:
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2026:
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2022:
2020:
2018:
2016:
2014:
2012:
2010:
2008:
2006:
2004:
2002:
2000:
1997:
1995:
1994:
1977:
1975:
1968:
1966:
1949:
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1128:
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1120:
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989:
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973:
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662:
640:
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625:
619:
618:
615:
604:
598:
597:
594:
593:Personal Name
591:
584:
581:
424:
421:
309:Muslim dynasty
218:
217:
215:
214:
211:
207:
205:
201:
200:
197:
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182:
178:
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165:
158:
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144:
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138:
134:
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125:
108:
107:Current region
104:
103:
101:
100:
95:
89:
87:
83:
82:
72:
68:
67:
59:
58:
48:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
9123:
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8854:
8853:news agencies
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8659:
8655:
8649:
8646:
8643:
8639:
8636:
8634:
8631:
8628:
8624:
8621:
8619:
8616:
8615:
8613:
8611:
8607:
8599:
8596:
8594:
8591:
8589:
8586:
8584:
8581:
8579:
8576:
8574:
8571:
8569:
8566:
8564:
8561:
8560:
8559:
8556:
8553:
8549:
8546:
8545:
8543:
8539:
8533:
8530:
8528:
8525:
8523:
8520:
8518:
8515:
8513:
8510:
8508:
8505:
8503:
8500:
8498:
8495:
8494:
8492:
8490:
8486:
8483:
8481:
8477:
8473:
8469:
8464:
8460:
8446:
8443:
8441:
8438:
8436:
8433:
8431:
8428:
8427:
8425:
8421:
8415:
8412:
8410:
8407:
8405:
8402:
8400:
8397:
8395:
8392:
8390:
8387:
8386:
8384:
8382:
8376:
8370:
8367:
8364:
8361:
8359:
8356:
8354:
8351:
8349:
8345:
8342:
8339:
8335:
8332:
8329:
8325:
8322:
8320:
8317:
8315:
8312:
8309:
8305:
8302:
8300:
8297:
8295:
8292:
8288:
8285:
8283:
8280:
8279:
8278:
8275:
8272:
8268:
8265:
8264:
8262:
8260:
8256:
8249:
8245:
8242:
8240:
8237:
8235:
8232:
8230:
8227:
8225:
8222:
8220:
8217:
8215:
8214:Privatization
8212:
8209:
8205:
8202:
8200:
8197:
8195:
8192:
8190:
8187:
8185:
8182:
8180:
8177:
8175:
8172:
8170:
8167:
8165:
8162:
8160:
8157:
8155:
8152:
8150:
8147:
8145:
8142:
8140:
8137:
8135:
8132:
8130:
8127:
8125:
8122:
8120:
8117:
8114:
8110:
8107:
8105:
8102:
8100:
8097:
8096:
8094:
8090:
8086:
8082:
8077:
8073:
8059:
8056:
8054:
8051:
8049:
8046:
8044:
8041:
8040:
8038:
8036:
8032:
8026:
8023:
8021:
8018:
8016:
8013:
8011:
8008:
8006:
8003:
8001:
7998:
7997:
7995:
7991:
7985:
7982:
7980:
7977:
7974:
7970:
7967:
7965:
7962:
7960:
7957:
7955:
7952:
7950:
7947:
7944:
7940:
7937:
7935:
7932:
7930:
7927:
7924:
7921:
7919:
7916:
7914:
7910:
7907:
7905:
7902:
7898:
7895:
7893:
7890:
7888:
7885:
7884:
7883:
7880:
7878:
7875:
7873:
7870:
7867:
7863:
7860:
7858:
7855:
7852:
7848:
7845:
7843:
7840:
7839:
7837:
7833:
7829:
7825:
7820:
7816:
7806:
7803:
7801:
7798:
7796:
7793:
7791:
7788:
7786:
7783:
7781:
7778:
7776:
7773:
7771:
7768:
7766:
7763:
7761:
7758:
7756:
7753:
7749:
7746:
7745:
7744:
7741:
7739:
7736:
7732:
7729:
7727:
7724:
7723:
7722:
7719:
7717:
7714:
7713:
7710:
7706:
7701:
7697:
7683:
7682:Years in Iran
7680:
7678:
7675:
7673:
7670:
7668:
7665:
7663:
7660:
7658:
7655:
7653:
7650:
7648:
7645:
7643:
7640:
7638:
7635:
7633:
7630:
7626:
7623:
7622:
7621:
7618:
7612:
7609:
7607:
7606:Turco-Persian
7604:
7603:
7602:
7599:
7598:
7597:
7594:
7592:
7589:
7587:
7584:
7583:
7581:
7577:
7567:
7564:
7562:
7559:
7557:
7554:
7552:
7549:
7547:
7544:
7542:
7539:
7537:
7534:
7530:
7527:
7526:
7525:
7522:
7520:
7517:
7515:
7512:
7510:
7507:
7505:
7502:
7500:
7497:
7495:
7489:
7487:
7484:
7482:
7479:
7477:
7475:War (1980–88)
7471:
7469:
7466:
7464:
7458:
7456:
7453:
7451:
7448:
7446:
7443:
7441:
7438:
7436:
7433:
7431:
7426:
7425:
7423:
7418:
7413:
7407:
7401:
7399:
7396:
7394:
7391:
7389:
7386:
7384:
7381:
7379:
7376:
7374:
7368:
7367:
7365:
7361:
7358:
7354:
7344:
7341:
7339:
7336:
7334:
7331:
7329:
7326:
7324:
7321:
7319:
7313:
7311:
7305:
7303:
7297:
7295:
7289:
7287:
7281:
7279:
7273:
7271:
7267:Qara Qoyunlu
7265:
7263:
7257:
7256:
7254:
7250:
7244:
7238:
7236:
7230:
7228:
7222:
7220:
7215:
7213:
7207:
7205:
7199:
7197:
7191:
7189:
7183:
7181:
7175:
7173:
7167:
7166:
7164:
7160:
7154:
7148:
7146:
7140:
7138:
7132:
7130:
7124:
7122:
7116:
7114:
7108:
7106:
7100:
7098:
7092:
7090:
7084:
7083:
7081:
7077:
7074:
7068:
7058:
7052:
7051:
7049:
7045:
7039:
7033:
7031:
7025:
7023:
7017:
7015:
7009:
7007:
7001:
6999:
6993:
6991:
6985:
6983:
6977:
6975:
6969:
6968:
6966:
6964:550 BC–AD 224
6962:
6956:
6950:
6948:
6942:
6940:
6934:
6932:
6926:
6924:
6920:Neo-Assyrian
6918:
6916:
6910:
6908:
6902:
6900:
6894:
6892:
6886:
6884:
6878:
6876:
6870:
6868:
6862:
6861:
6859:
6855:
6852:
6848:
6844:
6839:
6835:
6831:
6826:
6822:
6817:
6810:
6805:
6803:
6798:
6796:
6791:
6790:
6787:
6773:
6772:Soviet empire
6770:
6768:
6765:
6764:
6762:
6761:
6759:
6757:Miscellaneous
6755:
6749:
6746:
6744:
6741:
6739:
6736:
6734:
6731:
6729:
6726:
6722:
6719:
6718:
6717:
6714:
6713:
6711:
6707:
6697:
6694:
6692:
6689:
6687:
6684:
6682:
6679:
6675:
6672:
6671:
6670:
6667:
6665:
6662:
6660:
6657:
6655:
6652:
6650:
6647:
6645:
6642:
6640:
6637:
6635:
6632:
6630:
6627:
6625:
6622:
6618:
6615:
6613:
6610:
6609:
6608:
6605:
6603:
6600:
6598:
6595:
6594:
6592:
6590:
6586:
6578:
6575:
6573:
6570:
6568:
6565:
6563:
6560:
6558:
6555:
6554:
6553:
6550:
6548:
6545:
6541:
6538:
6537:
6536:
6533:
6531:
6528:
6524:
6521:
6519:
6516:
6514:
6511:
6510:
6509:
6506:
6504:
6501:
6497:
6494:
6492:
6489:
6488:
6487:
6484:
6480:
6477:
6475:
6472:
6470:
6467:
6465:
6462:
6460:
6457:
6456:
6455:
6452:
6448:
6445:
6443:
6440:
6439:
6438:
6435:
6433:
6430:
6428:
6425:
6423:
6420:
6416:
6413:
6411:
6408:
6406:
6403:
6401:
6398:
6396:
6393:
6392:
6391:
6388:
6384:
6381:
6379:
6376:
6375:
6374:
6371:
6369:
6366:
6362:
6359:
6357:
6356:German Empire
6354:
6353:
6352:
6349:
6345:
6342:
6340:
6337:
6336:
6335:
6332:
6328:
6325:
6323:
6320:
6319:
6318:
6315:
6313:
6310:
6306:
6303:
6301:
6298:
6296:
6293:
6291:
6288:
6286:
6283:
6282:
6281:
6278:
6276:
6273:
6269:
6266:
6264:
6261:
6260:
6258:
6256:
6253:
6251:
6248:
6246:
6243:
6241:
6238:
6236:
6233:
6232:
6230:
6228:
6224:
6218:
6215:
6213:
6210:
6208:
6205:
6201:
6198:
6196:
6193:
6191:
6188:
6186:
6183:
6181:
6178:
6176:
6173:
6171:
6168:
6167:
6166:
6163:
6161:
6158:
6154:
6151:
6149:
6146:
6144:
6141:
6139:
6136:
6134:
6131:
6129:
6126:
6125:
6124:
6121:
6117:
6114:
6112:
6109:
6107:
6104:
6102:
6099:
6098:
6097:
6096:Turco-Persian
6094:
6092:
6089:
6087:
6084:
6082:
6079:
6077:
6074:
6072:
6069:
6067:
6064:
6062:
6059:
6057:
6054:
6050:
6047:
6045:
6042:
6041:
6040:
6037:
6033:
6030:
6028:
6025:
6023:
6020:
6018:
6015:
6013:
6010:
6008:
6005:
6004:
6003:
6000:
5997:
5995:
5992:
5990:
5987:
5985:
5982:
5978:
5975:
5973:
5970:
5968:
5965:
5964:
5963:
5960:
5956:
5953:
5951:
5948:
5946:
5943:
5941:
5938:
5937:
5936:
5933:
5931:
5928:
5926:
5923:
5921:
5918:
5916:
5913:
5911:
5908:
5904:
5901:
5899:
5896:
5894:
5891:
5889:
5886:
5885:
5884:
5881:
5877:
5874:
5872:
5869:
5867:
5864:
5862:
5859:
5858:
5857:
5854:
5850:
5847:
5845:
5842:
5840:
5837:
5836:
5835:
5832:
5830:
5827:
5825:
5822:
5820:
5817:
5815:
5812:
5808:
5805:
5803:
5800:
5798:
5795:
5794:
5793:
5790:
5788:
5785:
5781:
5778:
5776:
5773:
5771:
5768:
5766:
5763:
5761:
5758:
5756:
5753:
5752:
5751:
5748:
5744:
5741:
5739:
5736:
5735:
5734:
5731:
5727:
5724:
5722:
5719:
5717:
5714:
5712:
5709:
5708:
5707:
5704:
5702:
5699:
5695:
5692:
5691:
5690:
5687:
5683:
5680:
5678:
5675:
5674:
5672:
5670:
5667:
5665:
5662:
5660:
5657:
5655:
5652:
5650:
5647:
5645:
5642:
5640:
5637:
5636:
5634:
5632:
5628:
5620:
5617:
5616:
5615:
5612:
5610:
5607:
5603:
5600:
5598:
5595:
5594:
5593:
5590:
5586:
5583:
5582:
5581:
5578:
5574:
5571:
5569:
5566:
5564:
5561:
5559:
5556:
5554:
5551:
5549:
5546:
5545:
5544:
5541:
5539:
5536:
5534:
5531:
5527:
5524:
5522:
5519:
5517:
5514:
5512:
5509:
5508:
5507:
5504:
5500:
5497:
5495:
5492:
5491:
5490:
5487:
5485:
5482:
5478:
5475:
5473:
5470:
5468:
5465:
5463:
5460:
5458:
5455:
5454:
5453:
5450:
5448:
5445:
5443:
5440:
5436:
5433:
5431:
5428:
5426:
5423:
5422:
5421:
5418:
5416:
5413:
5409:
5406:
5404:
5401:
5399:
5396:
5395:
5394:
5391:
5387:
5384:
5382:
5379:
5377:
5374:
5373:
5372:
5369:
5365:
5362:
5360:
5357:
5356:
5355:
5352:
5350:
5347:
5345:
5342:
5341:
5339:
5336:
5331:
5327:
5323:
5316:
5311:
5309:
5304:
5302:
5297:
5296:
5293:
5281:
5278:
5276:
5273:
5271:
5268:
5266:
5263:
5261:
5258:
5256:
5253:
5251:
5248:
5246:
5243:
5241:
5238:
5236:
5233:
5231:
5228:
5226:
5223:
5221:
5218:
5216:
5213:
5211:
5208:
5206:
5203:
5201:
5200:Oxus Treasure
5198:
5196:
5195:
5191:
5189:
5186:
5184:
5181:
5179:
5176:
5174:
5171:
5169:
5166:
5164:
5161:
5159:
5156:
5154:
5153:Orlat plaques
5151:
5149:
5146:
5145:
5143:
5139:
5129:
5126:
5124:
5121:
5119:
5116:
5115:
5113:
5111:
5107:
5101:
5098:
5096:
5093:
5091:
5088:
5086:
5083:
5081:
5078:
5076:
5073:
5071:
5068:
5066:
5063:
5061:
5058:
5056:
5053:
5051:
5048:
5046:
5045:Dasht-e Nawar
5043:
5041:
5038:
5036:
5033:
5031:
5028:
5026:
5023:
5021:
5018:
5016:
5013:
5011:
5008:
5006:
5003:
5001:
4998:
4996:
4993:
4991:
4988:
4986:
4983:
4981:
4978:
4976:
4973:
4971:
4968:
4966:
4963:
4961:
4958:
4956:
4953:
4951:
4948:
4946:
4943:
4941:
4938:
4936:
4933:
4931:
4928:
4926:
4923:
4921:
4918:
4916:
4913:
4912:
4910:
4908:
4904:
4898:
4895:
4893:
4890:
4888:
4885:
4883:
4880:
4878:
4877:Monjukli Depe
4875:
4873:
4870:
4868:
4865:
4863:
4862:Konye-Urgench
4860:
4858:
4855:
4853:
4850:
4848:
4845:
4843:
4840:
4838:
4835:
4833:
4830:
4828:
4825:
4823:
4820:
4819:
4817:
4815:
4811:
4805:
4802:
4800:
4797:
4795:
4794:Takht-i Kuwad
4792:
4790:
4787:
4785:
4782:
4780:
4777:
4775:
4772:
4770:
4767:
4765:
4762:
4761:
4759:
4757:
4753:
4747:
4744:
4742:
4739:
4737:
4734:
4732:
4729:
4727:
4724:
4722:
4719:
4717:
4714:
4712:
4709:
4707:
4704:
4702:
4699:
4697:
4694:
4692:
4689:
4687:
4684:
4682:
4679:
4677:
4674:
4672:
4669:
4667:
4664:
4662:
4659:
4657:
4654:
4652:
4649:
4647:
4644:
4642:
4639:
4637:
4634:
4632:
4629:
4627:
4624:
4622:
4619:
4617:
4614:
4612:
4609:
4607:
4604:
4602:
4599:
4598:
4596:
4594:
4590:
4584:
4581:
4579:
4576:
4574:
4571:
4569:
4566:
4564:
4561:
4559:
4556:
4554:
4553:Koshoy Korgon
4551:
4549:
4546:
4544:
4541:
4539:
4536:
4534:
4531:
4530:
4528:
4526:
4522:
4516:
4513:
4511:
4508:
4506:
4503:
4501:
4498:
4496:
4493:
4491:
4488:
4486:
4483:
4481:
4478:
4476:
4473:
4471:
4468:
4466:
4463:
4461:
4458:
4456:
4453:
4451:
4448:
4446:
4443:
4441:
4438:
4436:
4433:
4431:
4428:
4426:
4423:
4421:
4418:
4417:
4415:
4413:
4409:
4403:
4400:
4399:
4397:
4395:
4391:
4385:
4382:
4380:
4377:
4375:
4372:
4370:
4367:
4365:
4362:
4360:
4357:
4355:
4352:
4350:
4347:
4345:
4342:
4340:
4337:
4335:
4332:
4330:
4327:
4325:
4322:
4320:
4319:Kumtura Caves
4317:
4315:
4312:
4310:
4307:
4305:
4302:
4300:
4297:
4296:
4294:
4292:
4291:Western China
4288:
4282:
4279:
4277:
4276:Salbyk kurgan
4274:
4272:
4269:
4267:
4266:Arzhan kurgan
4264:
4262:
4259:
4258:
4256:
4254:
4250:
4247:
4243:
4237:
4236:Serindian art
4234:
4232:
4229:
4227:
4224:
4222:
4219:
4217:
4214:
4213:
4211:
4207:
4201:
4198:
4196:
4193:
4191:
4188:
4186:
4183:
4181:
4178:
4176:
4173:
4171:
4168:
4166:
4163:
4161:
4158:
4156:
4153:
4151:
4148:
4146:
4143:
4141:
4138:
4136:
4135:Mongol Empire
4133:
4131:
4128:
4126:
4125:Ghurid Empire
4123:
4121:
4118:
4116:
4113:
4111:
4108:
4106:
4103:
4101:
4098:
4096:
4093:
4091:
4088:
4086:
4083:
4081:
4078:
4076:
4073:
4071:
4068:
4066:
4063:
4061:
4058:
4056:
4053:
4050:
4046:
4043:
4041:
4040:Western Turks
4038:
4036:
4033:
4031:
4028:
4026:
4023:
4021:
4018:
4016:
4013:
4011:
4008:
4006:
4003:
4001:
3998:
3996:
3993:
3991:
3990:Kushan Empire
3988:
3986:
3983:
3981:
3978:
3976:
3975:Guiyi Circuit
3973:
3971:
3968:
3966:
3963:
3961:
3958:
3956:
3953:
3951:
3950:Median Empire
3948:
3946:
3943:
3941:
3938:
3936:
3933:
3931:
3930:Tagar culture
3928:
3926:
3923:
3921:
3918:
3916:
3913:
3911:
3908:
3906:
3903:
3901:
3898:
3896:
3893:
3891:
3888:
3887:
3885:
3881:
3877:
3870:
3865:
3863:
3858:
3856:
3851:
3850:
3847:
3840:
3839:9971-77-488-7
3836:
3832:
3828:
3826:
3822:
3818:
3814:
3810:
3804:
3803:
3799:
3789:
3786:
3780:
3777:
3771:
3768:
3762:
3759:
3753:
3750:
3746:
3740:
3737:
3733:
3727:
3724:
3720:
3714:
3711:
3708:, 1963), 237.
3707:
3703:
3697:
3694:
3690:
3686:
3681:
3678:
3674:
3670:
3664:
3661:
3658:, 1991), 159.
3657:
3653:
3647:
3644:
3640:
3636:
3632:
3628:
3624:
3619:
3616:
3613:
3612:81-7541-246-1
3609:
3605:
3601:
3597:
3592:
3589:
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3576:
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3566:
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3528:
3525:
3521:
3514:
3511:
3508:
3506:
3500:
3496:
3492:
3487:
3484:
3479:
3473:
3468:
3467:
3458:
3455:
3451:
3447:
3443:
3442:C.E. Bosworth
3438:
3436:
3432:
3427:
3421:
3414:
3412:
3408:
3402:
3395:
3393:
3389:
3382:
3378:
3375:
3373:
3370:
3368:
3365:
3364:
3360:
3354:
3350:
3346:
3339:
3334:
3327:
3322:
3319:
3315:
3311:
3304:
3299:
3294:
3285:
3267:
3266:
3247:
3245:
3213:
3211:
3188:
3187:
3176:
3173:
3165:
3164:
3149:
3141:
3130:
3128:
3102:
3101:
3090:
3088:
3056:
3053:
3051:
3050:
3034:
3033:
3018:
3017:
3012:
2998:
2997:
2990:
2987:
2971:
2969:
2968:
2957:
2949:
2947:
2939:
2937:
2932:
2930:
2908:
2907:
2892:
2890:
2858:
2856:
2834:
2833:
2818:
2816:
2784:
2782:
2760:
2759:
2744:
2742:
2710:
2708:
2686:
2685:
2680:
2679:
2664:
2657:
2656:
2647:
2637:
2634:
2633:
2629:
2628:
2622:
2613:
2609:
2605:
2604:Ziya Bunyadov
2602:
2601:
2600:
2593:
2590:
2586:Qaymaqar-Shah
2581:
2577:Manqatuy-Shah
2564:
2559:
2554:
2553:
2532:
2529:
2521:
2520:
2515:
2507:
2468:
2466:
2463:
2454:
2449:
2445:
2435:
2431:Kumakhti-Shah
2425:
2419:
2415:
2410:
2403:
2398:
2393:
2392:
2383:
2377:
2373:
2368:
2361:
2357:
2349:
2343:
2339:
2334:
2327:
2322:
2318:
2311:
2308:
2300:
2298:
2290:
2288:
2280:
2278:
2270:
2268:
2260:
2258:
2250:
2248:
2240:
2238:
2230:
2228:
2227:
2222:
2190:
2188:
2156:
2154:
2151:
2149:
2146:
2137:
2128:
2080:
2077:
2069:
2068:
2063:
2055:
1998:
1996:
1993:
1988:
1984:
1974:
1970:Toghan-Toghdi
1965:
1960:
1955:
1954:
1946:
1937:
1932:
1928:
1923:
1916:
1902:
1899:
1891:
1889:
1881:
1879:
1871:
1869:
1861:
1859:
1851:
1849:
1848:
1843:
1827:
1825:
1801:
1799:
1788:
1786:
1767:
1762:
1757:
1756:
1748:
1743:
1738:
1737:
1700:
1697:
1689:
1688:
1663:
1655:
1618:
1616:
1601:
1597:Suleiman-Shah
1592:
1583:
1578:
1573:
1572:
1564:
1534:
1531:
1523:
1521:
1513:
1511:
1503:
1501:
1500:
1479:
1463:
1461:
1453:
1451:
1424:
1422:
1403:
1394:
1389:
1384:
1383:
1375:
1345:
1342:
1334:
1332:
1324:
1322:
1321:
1296:
1288:
1286:
1278:
1276:
1249:
1247:
1224:
1219:
1214:
1213:
1176:
1174:
1110:
1108:
1085:
1080:
1075:
1074:
1037:
1027:
1024:
1016:
1006:
1002:
996:
995:
990:This section
988:
984:
979:
978:
975:
974:
965:
960:
958:
953:
951:
946:
945:
943:
942:
936:
928:
927:
922:
921:
920:
919:
918:Seljuq Empire
915:
910:
909:
908:
906:
905:Seljuq Empire
901:
900:
886:
875:
871:
859:
848:
838:
834:
826:
825:Turkan Khatun
814:
803:
793:
789:
777:
766:
756:
752:
740:
729:
719:
715:
703:
692:
682:
678:
666:
655:
645:
629:
624:
608:
603:
590:Titular Name
588:
582:
580:
578:
574:
570:
566:
562:
558:
554:
550:
546:
542:
538:
534:
530:
525:
523:
519:
515:
511:
507:
503:
499:
494:
492:
488:
484:
480:
476:
472:
468:
464:
460:
456:
452:
448:
444:
440:
436:
430:
422:
420:
418:
414:
410:
406:
402:
398:
394:
393:Begdili tribe
390:
386:
382:
378:
374:
370:
366:
361:
359:
355:
351:
347:
343:
339:
335:
331:
327:
323:
319:
318:
314:
310:
307:
304:
294:
290:
280:
274:
229:
228:Anushteginids
225:
212:
209:
208:
206:
202:
198:
194:
190:
186:
183:
179:
174:
171:
169:
166:
164:
161:
160:
159:
155:
152:
149:
145:
142:
139:
135:
131:
127:
124:
120:
116:
112:
109:
105:
99:
96:
94:
91:
90:
88:
84:
80:
76:
73:
69:
65:
60:
44:
41:
37:
33:
19:
8987:Other topics
8971:
8899:Persian name
8838:Islamization
8780:
8740:Architecture
8693:universities
8638:Zoroastrians
8633:Christianity
8623:Baháʼí Faith
8573:Azerbaijanis
8480:Demographics
8294:Construction
8282:Central Bank
8224:Space Agency
8119:Child labour
7954:Principlists
7934:Cyberwarfare
7882:Human rights
7847:Constitution
7642:Azerbaijanis
7611:Indo-Persian
7591:Greater Iran
7462:siege (1980)
7421:1979–present
7192:
7072:early modern
7070:Medieval and
6864:Kura-Araxes
6523:Contemporary
6373:Indo-Persian
6361:Nazi Germany
6305:Contemporary
6207:Vijayanagara
6106:Great Seljuk
6017:Thessalonica
5945:Golden Horde
5585:Carthaginian
5364:Neo-Assyrian
5349:Neo-Sumerian
5192:
5123:Mount Khajeh
5090:Qala-i-Jangi
5070:Khair Khaneh
4975:Khair Khaneh
4882:Namazga-Tepe
4837:Anau culture
4814:Turkmenistan
4731:Tavka Kurgan
4626:Balalyk Tepe
4543:Burana Tower
4533:Aigyr-Zhal 2
4425:Issyk kurgan
4160:Kart dynasty
4155:Sufi dynasty
4145:Golden Horde
4070:Oghuz Yabgus
4045:Tang dynasty
4010:Hephthalites
3935:Uyuk culture
3817:Central Asia
3806:
3788:
3779:
3770:
3761:
3752:
3744:
3739:
3731:
3726:
3718:
3713:
3701:
3696:
3680:
3675:, 2005), 44.
3668:
3663:
3651:
3646:
3634:
3626:
3618:
3603:
3599:
3591:
3584:
3575:
3568:
3559:
3552:
3543:
3532:
3527:
3518:
3513:
3502:
3486:
3465:
3457:
3404:
3400:
3318:Turkmenistan
3263:
3184:
3098:
3030:
3014:
2994:
2904:
2830:
2756:
2682:
2676:
2639:
2598:
2588:
2579:
2562:
2560:. 1259-1260)
2557:
2550:
2461:
2452:
2447:
2443:
2433:
2417:
2413:
2408:
2401:
2399:. 1220-1231)
2396:
2389:
2375:
2371:
2366:
2359:
2355:
2348:Crown prince
2341:
2337:
2332:
2325:
2320:
2316:
2144:
2135:
2126:
1991:
1986:
1982:
1972:
1963:
1961:. 1200-1220)
1958:
1951:
1944:
1935:
1930:
1926:
1921:
1914:
1765:
1763:. 1172-1193)
1760:
1753:
1746:
1744:. 1172-1200)
1741:
1734:
1599:
1590:
1581:
1579:. 1156-1172)
1576:
1569:
1562:
1401:
1392:
1390:. 1127-1156)
1387:
1380:
1373:
1222:
1220:. 1097-1127)
1217:
1210:
1083:
1081:. 1077-1097)
1078:
1071:
1019:
1010:
999:Please help
994:verification
991:
923:
911:
902:
873:
846:
836:
801:
791:
764:
754:
727:
717:
690:
680:
653:
643:
622:
612:نوشتکین غرچه
601:
529:Kara-Khanids
526:
495:
471:Ahmed Sanjar
446:
432:
362:
334:Central Asia
324:clan of the
315:
298:خوارزمشاهیان
288:
227:
223:
221:
163:Khwarazmshah
111:Central Asia
98:Mamluk Egypt
71:Parent house
40:
36:Khwarazmshah
9004:Tehrangeles
8967:Traditional
8704:Nationality
8642:persecution
8627:persecution
8578:Circassians
8527:Neo-Aramaic
8507:Azerbaijani
8379:State-owned
8304:Health care
8267:Agriculture
8104:Brain drain
8043:Ambassadors
7738:Earthquakes
7275:Aq Qoyunlu
7224:Muzaffarid
7201:Eldiguzids
7193:Anushtegin
7019:Kingdom of
6995:Kingdom of
6987:Kingdom of
6979:Atropatene
6971:Achaemenid
6912:Kingdom of
6857:3400–539 BC
6111:Khwarezmian
6044:Carolingian
5849:Rashtrakuta
5553:Shaishunaga
5452:Hellenistic
5435:New Kingdom
5425:Old Kingdom
5215:Kabul hoard
5148:Sokh snakes
5100:Surkh Kotal
5065:Haji Piyada
5040:Darra-e Kur
5005:Yemshi Tepe
5000:Tillya Tepe
4995:Tepe Fullol
4985:Tepe Narenj
4980:Tapa Sardar
4970:Fondukistan
4935:Tapa Shotor
4915:Tepe Fullol
4907:Afghanistan
4736:Toprak-Kala
4721:Shahrukhiya
4671:Kampir Tepe
4661:Itchan Kala
4616:Ancient Pap
4573:Shakh Fazil
4445:Krasnyi Yar
4349:Mogao Caves
4309:Kizil Caves
4245:Archaeology
4110:Farighunids
4065:Turk Shahis
4005:Alchon Huns
3579:Ata, Aysu.
3314:Köneürgench
3200:Khan-Sultan
3186:Mengu-Berdi
3100:Muhammad II
3032:Sultan-Shah
2678:Anush-Tegin
2459:Aysi Khatun
2356:Khan-Sultan
2142:Arslan-Khan
1953:Muhammad II
1942:Shah-Khatun
1755:Sultan-Shah
926:Qara-Khitai
914:Qara-Khitai
863:محمد بن تکش
577:Caspian Sea
561:Afghanistan
557:Transoxania
543:(1212) and
541:Karakhanids
518:Qara Khitai
498:Toghrul III
491:Qara Khitan
475:Qara Khitai
465:, a former
397:Oghuz Turks
389:Anush Tigin
375:. His son,
367:, a former
354:Qara Khitai
338:Afghanistan
326:Oghuz Turks
196:Dissolution
185:Sunni Islam
147:Final ruler
119:Afghanistan
9055:Categories
8904:Philosophy
8863:newspapers
8844:Literature
8749:architects
8744:Achaemenid
8664:Corruption
8124:Corruption
7964:Reformists
7959:Propaganda
7857:Corruption
7842:Censorship
7785:Lake Urmia
7473:Iran–Iraq
7169:Ghaznavid
7047:AD 224–651
7011:Frataraka
6843:Prehistory
6681:Portuguese
6562:Revival Le
6552:Vietnamese
6195:Later Tran
6165:Vietnamese
6061:Singhasari
6049:Holy Roman
5673:Bulgarian
5609:Satavahana
5580:Phoenician
5516:Achaemenid
5477:Indo-Greek
5457:Macedonian
5371:Babylonian
5095:Rag-i-Bibi
4920:Ai-Khanoum
4852:Gonur Depe
4847:Dev-Kesken
4784:Kafir-kala
4774:Ajina tepe
4756:Tajikistan
4716:Sarmishsay
4701:Kyzyl-Kala
4681:Khalchayan
4666:Kafir-kala
4646:Fayaz Tepe
4631:Burchmulla
4593:Uzbekistan
4583:Tash Rabat
4558:Manas Ordo
4525:Kyrgyzstan
4412:Kazakhstan
4115:Ghaznavids
4020:Ustrushana
4015:Tocharians
3945:Massagetae
3823:and Early
3372:Khwarezmia
2758:Muhammad I
2446:. ? -
2416:. ? -
2391:Manguberdi
2374:. ? -
2340:. ? -
2333:Uzlaq-Shah
2319:. ? -
2133:Hindu-Khan
2124:Erboz-Khan
1985:. ? -
1979:Malik-Shah
1929:. ? -
1912:Yunus-Khan
1588:Hitan-Khan
1212:Muhammad I
1013:April 2015
638:1097 C.E.
573:Hindu Kush
487:Yelü Dashi
427:See also:
303:Persianate
230:(English:
204:Deposition
181:Traditions
18:Anushtegin
8869:Mythology
8775:Calendars
8765:Astronomy
8674:Education
8583:Georgians
8568:Assyrians
8563:Armenians
8489:Languages
8381:companies
8344:Transport
8324:Petroleum
8109:Companies
8048:President
8035:Officials
7969:Terrorism
7918:Air Force
7862:Elections
7800:Provinces
7795:Mountains
7705:Geography
7625:languages
7363:1925–1979
7291:Afsharid
7252:1370–1925
7240:Chobanid
7134:Saffarid
7086:Rashidun
7054:Sasanian
7035:Kings of
7027:Parthian
7003:Seleucid
6944:Scythian
6904:Kassites
6888:Akkadian
6674:Couronian
6312:Ethiopian
6300:Manchukuo
6255:Brazilian
6101:Ghaznavid
6071:Srivijaya
6022:Trebizond
6007:Byzantine
5989:North Sea
5984:Norwegian
5972:Almoravid
5955:Ilkhanate
5925:Majapahit
5898:Muromachi
5807:Solomonic
5792:Ethiopian
5706:Caliphate
5639:Aragonese
5467:Ptolemaic
5141:Artifacts
5015:Aq Kupruk
4965:Mes Aynak
4897:Ulug Depe
4832:Altyndepe
4779:Cyropolis
4769:Penjikent
4741:Varakhsha
4676:Kara Tepe
4621:Ayaz-Kala
4611:Akhsikath
4601:Afrasiyab
4548:Issyk-Kul
4538:Balasagun
4384:Beshbalik
4261:Sintashta
4221:Silk Road
4150:Ilkhanate
4105:Ma'munids
4000:Kidarites
3420:cite book
3310:Il-Arslan
3042:1181–1193
2906:Il-Arslan
2367:Qursanjdi
1571:Il-Arslan
1371:Inaltigin
565:Syr Darya
553:Samarkand
537:Samarkand
439:Ghaznavid
9030:Category
8923:football
8914:Scouting
8824:Iranians
8814:Folklore
8610:Religion
8522:Georgian
8502:Armenian
8363:shipping
8358:railways
8348:airlines
8314:Industry
8179:Taxation
7993:Councils
7909:Military
7824:Politics
7805:Wildlife
7770:Caucasus
7652:Persians
7579:See also
7403:Iranian
7370:Pahlavi
7283:Safavid
7259:Timurid
7162:977–1432
7142:Ziyarid
7118:Tahirid
7110:Samanid
7102:Abbasid
7094:Umayyad
7079:632–1090
6896:Lullubi
6880:Elamite
6654:Japanese
6617:Scottish
6597:American
6589:Colonial
6518:Imperial
6486:Moroccan
6422:Japanese
6400:Afsharid
6259:Burmese
6245:Austrian
6200:Later Le
6175:Early Le
6160:Venetian
6086:Tiwanaku
5999:Hellenic
5962:Moroccan
5893:Kamakura
5883:Japanese
5866:Saffarid
5819:Georgian
5733:Chalukya
5711:Rashidun
5701:Calakmul
5669:Bruneian
5548:Haryanka
5526:Sasanian
5521:Parthian
5472:Bactrian
5462:Seleucid
5442:Goguryeo
5420:Egyptian
5354:Assyrian
5344:Akkadian
5335:Colonies
5075:Mundigak
5055:Firozkoh
4945:Shotorak
4764:Bunjikat
4656:Hazorasp
4480:Shilikty
4470:Boralday
4394:Mongolia
4329:Dunhuang
4100:Samanids
4030:Farghana
3883:Polities
3813:Caucasus
3596:Bosworth
3403:. Baku.
3361:See also
2462:Princess
2409:Pir-Shah
2360:Princess
1945:Princess
1922:Ali-Shah
506:Khorasan
451:Khwarezm
385:Khwarazm
373:Khwarazm
352:and the
301:) was a
81:or other
8973:Ey Iran
8921: (
8881: (
8857:student
8855: (
8851: (
8836: (
8804:Cuisine
8789:Fashion
8777: (
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8742: (
8728:Culture
8676: (
8640: (
8625: (
8598:Turkmen
8550: (
8541:Peoples
8512:Kurdish
8468:Society
8369:Tourism
8346: (
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8299:Defense
8269: (
8259:Sectors
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8111: (
8092:General
8081:Economy
7971: (
7941: (
7911: (
7864: (
7849: (
7835:General
7790:Islands
7726:largest
7716:Borders
7185:Seljuk
7177:Ghurid
7126:Alavid
6936:Median
6928:Urartu
6850:Ancient
6830:History
6721:largest
6716:Empires
6696:Swedish
6691:Spanish
6686:Russian
6649:Italian
6624:Chinese
6612:English
6607:British
6602:Belgian
6577:Vietnam
6567:Tay son
6513:Tsarist
6508:Russian
6503:Ottoman
6469:Dzungar
6464:Khoshut
6437:Mexican
6432:Maratha
6415:Pahlavi
6395:Safavid
6390:Iranian
6317:Haitian
6280:Chinese
6240:Ashanti
6212:Wagadou
6138:Eastern
6133:Western
6116:Timurid
6076:Tibetan
6066:Songhai
6056:Serbian
5977:Almohad
5967:Idrisid
5871:Samanid
5861:Tahirid
5856:Iranian
5834:Kannauj
5814:Genoese
5750:Chinese
5743:Eastern
5738:Western
5726:Fatimid
5721:Abbasid
5716:Umayyad
5689:Burmese
5649:Ayyubid
5644:Angevin
5614:Xianbei
5602:Eastern
5597:Western
5543:Magadha
5506:Iranian
5499:Xiongnu
5484:Hittite
5393:Chinese
5381:Kassite
5330:Ancient
5322:Empires
5020:Asqalan
4955:Bimaran
4950:Paitava
4892:Togolok
4827:Abiward
4711:Poykent
4696:Koktepe
4563:Navekat
4440:Kerderi
4430:Jankent
4379:Kashgar
4354:Tumshuq
4299:Bulayïq
4209:Culture
4025:Khuttal
3985:Xiongnu
3295:Gallery
2651:
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2608:Russian
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2313:Ak-Shah
1989:. 1197)
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575:to the
567:to the
549:Gurganj
545:Ghurids
522:Ghurids
514:Ghurids
489:of the
477:at the
459:Seljuqs
441:sultan
423:History
417:Uyghurs
409:Qipchaq
395:of the
350:Seljuks
348:of the
346:vassals
322:Bekdili
293:Persian
279:Persian
137:Founder
129:Founded
86:Country
75:Begdili
9040:Portal
8799:Cinema
8781:Nowruz
8678:higher
8552:abroad
8517:Hebrew
8423:Places
8319:Mining
8144:Energy
7721:Cities
7637:Aryans
7356:Modern
7307:Qajar
7150:Buyid
6818:topics
6659:Mongol
6644:German
6639:French
6629:Danish
6572:Dainam
6547:Tongan
6535:Somali
6530:Sokoto
6496:'Alawi
6474:Kalmyk
6454:Mongol
6447:Second
6427:Korean
6378:Mughal
6368:Indian
6351:German
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6334:French
6327:Second
6263:Second
6235:Afghan
6227:Modern
6153:Kyrgyz
6148:Uighur
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6123:Turkic
6091:Toltec
6027:Epirus
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5935:Mongol
5888:Yamato
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5682:Second
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5568:Shunga
5563:Maurya
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5511:Median
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596:Reign
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413:Qangly
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399:or to
369:Turkic
317:mamluk
313:Turkic
189:Hanafi
173:Sultan
157:Titles
79:Qangli
8934:Music
8919:Sport
8849:Media
8834:Islam
8770:Blogs
8714:Women
8669:Crime
8657:Other
8618:Islam
8588:Kurds
8353:metro
8271:fruit
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7299:Zand
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6709:Lists
6664:Omani
6634:Dutch
6540:Isaaq
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6459:Oirat
6442:First
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6339:First
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6295:China
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6081:Tikal
6032:Morea
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3821:India
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2606:. In
2599:Notes
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533:Talas
447:ribat
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