1046:
3345:
48:
3357:
1005:, from which it is derived, means a revelation. It has been defined by John J Collins as "a genre of revelatory literature with a narrative framework, in which a revelation is mediated by an otherworldly being to a human recipient, disclosing a transcendent reality which is both temporal, in that it envisages
1081:
the authors of apocalyptic works released their books under pseudonyms (false names): the Book of Daniel, for example, was composed during the 2nd century BCE but took the name of the legendary Daniel for its hero. Pseudonymity may have been used to secure acceptance for the new works, to protect the
1057:
Apocalyptic revelations are typically mediated through such means as dreams and visions (the ancient world did not distinguish between these), angels, and heavenly journeys. These serve to connect two sets of axes, the spatial axis which has God and the heavenly realm above and the human world below,
953:, last, concerns expectations of the end of the present age, and apocalyptic eschatology is the application of the apocalyptic world-view to the end of the world, when God will bring judgment to the world and save his followers. An apocalypse will often contain much eschatological material like the
1009:
salvation, and spatial, insofar as it involves another, supernatural world." Collins later refined his definition by adding that apocalypse "is intended to interpret present, earthly circumstances in light of the supernatural world and of the future, and to influence both the understanding and the
1058:
and the temporal axis of the present and the future. The revelation thus demonstrates that God rules the visible world, and that the present days are leading to an end-time in which divine justice will be done and God's rule will become visible. Mythic images with their roots in texts from the
935:, cosmological and (pessimistic) historical surveys, the division of time into periods, esoteric numerology, and claims of ecstasy and inspiration. Almost all are written under pseudonyms (false names), claiming as author a venerated hero from previous centuries, as with the
968:
Scholars have identified examples of the genre ranging from the mid-2nd century BCE to the 2nd century CE, and examples are to be found in
Persian and Greco-Roman literature as well as Jewish and Christian. The sole clear case in the Jewish Bible
965:, for example, can be considered apocalyptic in that the heavens open for the presence of a divine mediator (the dove representing the spirit of God) and a voice communicates supernatural information, but there is no eschatological element.
1082:
real authors from reprisals, or because the authors had experienced what they believed to be genuine revelations from the famous past figure or identified with him and claimed to write on his behalf.
931:
being reveals cosmic mysteries or the future to a human intermediary. The means of mediation include dreams, visions and heavenly journeys, and they typically feature symbolic imagery drawn from the
1025:
dualism may also have played a role. The reasons for its rise are obscure, but there seems to be a connection to times of crisis, such as the 2nd century BCE persecution of the Jews reflected in
1013:
The genre of Jewish and
Christian apocalypse flourished c.250 BCE-250 CE, but its antecedents can be traced back much further, in the Jewish prophetic and wisdom traditions (e.g.,
2797:
2136:
2093:
2062:
1927:
3190:
1021:
1-6), and in the mythologies of the
Ancient Near East, which have left a legacy of symbology (e.g., the sea as a symbol of chaos in Daniel 7 and Revelation 13:1).
3088:
1372:
2141:
2244:
2007:
3247:
3185:
35:
902:
1920:
30:
This article is about the literary genre in Judeo-Christian religious culture. For the related genre of religious writings about "end times", see
1066:, mythology, pessimistic cosmological and historical surveys, dualism (including a doctrine of two ages and the division of time into periods),
2326:
1892:
1850:
1651:
878:
2264:
1045:
2819:
2259:
2158:
3219:
1913:
2239:
1871:
1827:
1804:
1783:
1760:
1737:
1716:
1695:
1672:
2804:
2500:
1291:
469:
229:
2851:
2348:
2321:
1952:
197:
3416:
2209:
1286:
954:
438:
2599:
2505:
1957:
1382:
745:
3252:
2649:
2549:
1884:
Between
Symbolism and Realism: The Use of Symbolic and Non-Symbolic Language in Ancient Jewish Apocalypses 333-63 B.C.E.
739:
3383:
3132:
2331:
2281:
1319:
39:
2792:
2644:
2619:
2029:
1329:
1194:
240:
685:
3411:
3262:
3195:
3038:
2770:
2765:
2639:
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2311:
2098:
1334:
1324:
871:
3368:
3257:
3152:
3078:
2905:
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2234:
1936:
1199:
1169:
1063:
940:
1026:
3406:
3363:
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2787:
2083:
1231:
1179:
1164:
1062:
and rich in symbolic meaning are a significant characteristic of the genre. Further characteristics include
474:
245:
160:
52:
3378:
3212:
3159:
3053:
2876:
2721:
2079:
895:
847:
106:
31:
2782:
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2056:
2017:
1352:
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1159:
1144:
813:
181:
121:
624:
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2711:
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2423:
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2121:
1307:
1301:
1271:
864:
636:
298:
92:
74:
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2459:
2405:
2353:
2316:
2306:
2012:
1367:
1281:
1154:
1071:
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628:
545:
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384:
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2522:
2512:
2363:
2200:
1357:
1276:
1259:
1184:
1149:
1078:
978:
596:
592:
588:
494:
428:
398:
139:
3344:
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3125:
2920:
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2222:
2185:
2163:
2148:
2131:
2049:
1888:
1867:
1861:
1846:
1823:
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1779:
1756:
1733:
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1120:
1018:
962:
522:
433:
350:
282:
60:
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1815:
1794:
1771:
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1639:
3373:
3308:
3137:
3115:
2959:
2927:
2915:
2891:
2517:
2464:
2454:
2413:
2343:
2338:
2067:
1975:
1706:
1102:
1001:"Apocalypse" has come to be used popularly as a synonym for catastrophe, but the Greek word
990:
958:
924:
408:
269:
155:
47:
716:
3202:
3043:
2614:
2474:
2390:
2378:
2358:
2254:
2044:
2024:
1947:
1108:
1014:
798:
661:
517:
64:
3180:
3120:
3105:
3058:
2954:
2900:
2760:
2418:
2395:
2368:
2286:
2276:
2178:
2173:
2039:
1990:
1347:
1126:
1096:
1050:
974:
936:
920:
842:
808:
527:
512:
464:
413:
274:
144:
3400:
3323:
3207:
3164:
3110:
3098:
3083:
3073:
2996:
2910:
2886:
2881:
2755:
2750:
2745:
2661:
2249:
2190:
2153:
2105:
1377:
982:
970:
836:
823:
818:
675:
644:
600:
448:
332:
259:
186:
3349:
3283:
3015:
3001:
2856:
2666:
2634:
2624:
2527:
2373:
2271:
2217:
2126:
1985:
1204:
1114:
1059:
932:
928:
769:
706:
640:
632:
403:
3328:
3010:
2871:
2866:
2703:
2688:
2564:
2539:
2168:
2088:
1995:
1980:
1362:
1246:
1022:
1006:
946:
760:
711:
680:
321:
82:
3278:
3093:
3063:
2836:
2824:
2584:
2446:
2072:
1226:
916:
828:
316:
202:
3020:
2809:
2738:
2683:
2678:
2544:
2385:
2291:
2034:
1905:
1251:
939:, composed during the 2nd century BCE but bearing the name of the legendary
803:
774:
364:
224:
17:
1820:
The
Reality of Apocalypse: Rhetoric and Politics in the Book of Revelation
3313:
3298:
2829:
2814:
2716:
2554:
2002:
1209:
1189:
1034:
568:
563:
101:
3293:
3147:
3142:
2979:
2969:
2777:
2589:
2301:
2296:
1236:
1139:
1074:" in Revelation), claims of ecstasy and inspiration, and esotericism.
986:
832:
690:
604:
557:
549:
443:
418:
311:
1774:. In Ferda, Tucker; Frayer-Griggs, Daniel; C. Johnson, Nathan (eds.).
3303:
3229:
1030:
908:
731:
553:
56:
977:, but there are many examples from non-canonical Jewish works; the
2974:
2733:
1664:
Prophecy in Early
Christianity and the Ancient Mediterranean World
1174:
1044:
423:
369:
359:
46:
3318:
927:(597-587 BCE) but persisting in Christianity and Islam. In it a
1909:
27:
Concept of a prophetic revelation, sometimes about eschatology
1431:
1429:
985:, but passages reflecting the genre are to be found in the
34:. For contemporary fiction about cataclysm in general, see
1640:"Old Testament Eschatology and the Rise of Apocalypticism"
1010:
behaviour of the audience by means of divine authority."
1029:, or the destruction of the Temple in 70 CE reflected in
1476:
1474:
1527:
1525:
1729:
1581:
1579:
1461:
1459:
1416:
1414:
1412:
1410:
923:
originating in
Judaism in the centuries following the
2137:
Self-indication assumption doomsday argument rebuttal
1566:
1564:
1446:
1444:
2063:
Safety of high-energy particle collision experiments
3271:
3240:
3173:
3031:
2702:
2577:
2488:
2445:
2438:
2404:
2208:
2199:
2114:
1968:
1751:. In Freedman, David Noel; Myers, Allen C. (eds.).
1686:. In Freedman, David Noel; Myers, Allen C. (eds.).
3191:List of apocalyptic and post-apocalyptic fiction
3089:List of dates predicted for apocalyptic events
1373:List of dates predicted for apocalyptic events
2094:Existential risk from artificial intelligence
1921:
1843:The Oxford Handbook of Apocalyptic Literature
872:
8:
2142:Self-referencing doomsday argument rebuttal
1839:"The Inheritance of Prophecy in Apocalypse"
2442:
2245:Climate change and civilizational collapse
2205:
1928:
1914:
1906:
1772:"The Eschatology of the Gospel of Matthew"
879:
865:
69:
3248:Centre for the Study of Existential Risk
3186:Apocalyptic and post-apocalyptic fiction
1609:
1597:
1504:
1435:
36:Apocalyptic and post-apocalyptic fiction
1543:
1492:
1480:
1394:
1091:Canonical (including proto-apocalyptic)
81:
1816:"Reading the Apocalypse as Apocalypse"
1555:
1531:
1516:
1465:
1420:
1585:
1570:
1450:
1401:
7:
2265:Tipping points in the climate system
1621:
2260:Extinction risk from climate change
2159:New World Order (conspiracy theory)
3220:List of fictional doomsday devices
1822:. Society of Biblical Literature.
1644:The Oxford Handbook of Eschatology
25:
2240:Cataclysmic pole shift hypothesis
1841:. In Collins, John Joseph (ed.).
1216:Christian and gnostic apocalypses
3356:
3355:
3343:
2501:Decline in amphibian populations
1753:Eerdmans Dictionary of the Bible
1688:Eerdmans Dictionary of the Bible
1292:Apocalypse of Samuel of Kalamoun
2852:Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse
2349:Land surface effects on climate
2322:Human impact on the environment
1953:Future of an expanding universe
1776:"To Recover What Has Been Lost"
1747:Crawford, Sidnie White (2000).
1287:Apocalypse of Pseudo-Methodius
989:and in nearly all the genuine
981:is the only apocalypse in the
1:
2798:Interpretations of Revelation
2600:Cosmological phase transition
2506:Decline in insect populations
1958:Ultimate fate of the universe
1383:Ultimate fate of the universe
746:Divine Incantations Scripture
3253:Future of Humanity Institute
2650:Potentially hazardous object
2550:Interplanetary contamination
1887:Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht.
1863:Introduction to the Prophets
1642:. In Walls, Jerry L. (ed.).
955:epiphany of Paul the Apostle
3133:Nemesis (hypothetical star)
2282:Global terrestrial stilling
1845:. Oxford University Press.
1818:. In Barr, David L. (ed.).
1814:Linton, Gregory L. (2006).
1646:. Oxford University Press.
1320:Gnostic Apocalypse of Peter
1210:Syriac Apocalypse of Baruch
943:from the 6th century BCE.
40:Apocalypse (disambiguation)
3438:
2645:Asteroid impact prediction
2620:Heat death of the universe
2030:Mutual assured destruction
1796:The Mother of All Theology
1330:Second Apocalypse of James
1195:Greek Apocalypse of Daniel
1190:Greek Apocalypse of Baruch
1077:With the exception of the
973:) is chapters 7-12 of the
901:
29:
3337:
3263:Nuclear Threat Initiative
3196:List of apocalyptic films
3039:2011 end times prediction
2771:Prophecy of Seventy Weeks
2766:Abomination of desolation
2640:Asteroid impact avoidance
2470:List of extinction events
2312:Environmental degradation
2099:Technological singularity
1943:
1937:Global catastrophic risks
1881:Reynolds, Bennie (2011).
1860:Redditt, Paul L. (2008).
1726:Collins, John J. (1984).
1682:Carroll, John T. (2000).
1335:Coptic Apocalypse of Paul
1325:First Apocalypse of James
1221:Canonical (New Testament)
3258:Future of Life Institute
3160:Resurrection of the dead
3153:Post-tribulation rapture
2535:Colony collapse disorder
1793:Lewis, Scott M. (2004).
1200:Greek Apocalypse of Ezra
1170:Apocalypse of Zerubbabel
641:Resurrection of the dead
564:Medieval Jewish scholars
2084:Artificial intelligence
1232:The Sheep and the Goats
1165:Apocalypse of Zephaniah
51:Apocalypse depicted in
3213:List of disaster films
3054:Apocalyptic literature
2154:Malthusian catastrophe
2080:Synthetic intelligence
1837:Najman, Hindy (2014).
1054:
997:Definition and history
848:Universal resurrection
67:
38:. For other uses, see
32:Apocalyptic literature
3417:Christian terminology
2595:Coronal mass ejection
2057:Electromagnetic pulse
2018:Kinetic energy weapon
1770:Foster, Paul (2020).
1638:Arnold, Bill (2007).
1353:Christian eschatology
1297:Apocalypse of Stephen
1160:Apocalypse of Sedrach
1145:Apocalypse of Abraham
1048:
1027:Daniel's final vision
814:Fate of the unlearned
50:
2997:War of Gog and Magog
2674:Near-Earth supernova
2424:Human overpopulation
2228:Mass mortality event
2122:Anthropogenic hazard
1705:Carey, Greg (2012).
1661:Aune, David (1983).
1308:Apocalypse of Elijah
1302:Apocalypse of Thomas
1272:Apocalypse of Golias
1180:Gabriel's Revelation
957:, but need not: the
919:, disclosure') is a
637:War of Gog and Magog
299:Events of Revelation
3069:Blood moon prophecy
2862:Number of the Beast
2460:Holocene extinction
2406:Earth Overshoot Day
2354:Ocean acidification
2317:Habitat destruction
2307:Ecological collapse
2013:Kinetic bombardment
1948:Future of the Earth
1368:Islamic eschatology
1282:Apocalypse of Peter
1155:Apocalypse of Moses
1072:number of the beast
546:Rabbinic literature
470:Coming of the Mahdi
465:Swallowing in Bayda
3384:Doomsday scenarios
2950:Beast of the Earth
2842:Book of Revelation
2630:Virtual black hole
2610:False vacuum decay
2560:Pollinator decline
2523:Biological warfare
2513:Biotechnology risk
2364:Resource depletion
1358:Climate apocalypse
1277:Apocalypse of Paul
1260:Book of Revelation
1185:Genesis Apocryphon
1175:Aramaic Apocalypse
1150:Apocalypse of Adam
1086:Jewish apocalypses
1079:Apocalypse of John
1055:
979:Book of Revelation
625:Atchalta De'Geulah
597:Mashiach Ben Yosef
593:Mashiach Ben David
589:Elijah the Prophet
399:Beast of the Earth
140:Book of Revelation
68:
53:Christian Orthodox
3394:
3393:
3225:Zombie apocalypse
3126:Postmillennialism
2921:Great Tribulation
2694:Stellar collision
2655:Near-Earth object
2605:Geomagnetic storm
2573:
2572:
2496:Biodiversity loss
2480:Genetic pollution
2434:
2433:
2223:Biodiversity loss
2186:Societal collapse
2164:Nuclear holocaust
2149:Economic collapse
2132:Doomsday argument
2050:Antimatter weapon
1894:978-0-8091-4228-6
1852:978-0-19-985649-7
1799:. Paulist Press.
1711:. Chalice Press.
1653:978-0-19-988359-2
1242:2 Thessalonians 2
1064:transcendentalism
889:
888:
686:Líf and Lífþrasir
669:Figures and items
523:Book of Zechariah
283:Postmillennialism
61:Osogovo Monastery
16:(Redirected from
3429:
3412:Christian genres
3359:
3358:
3350:World portal
3348:
3347:
3309:Financial crisis
3138:Nibiru cataclysm
3116:Premillennialism
2960:Dhul-Suwayqatayn
2928:Son of perdition
2916:Olivet Discourse
2892:Whore of Babylon
2518:Biological agent
2465:Human extinction
2455:Extinction event
2443:
2414:Overexploitation
2344:Land consumption
2339:Land degradation
2206:
2068:Micro black hole
1976:Chemical warfare
1930:
1923:
1916:
1907:
1898:
1877:
1856:
1833:
1810:
1789:
1766:
1743:
1722:
1701:
1678:
1657:
1625:
1619:
1613:
1612:, p. 72-73.
1607:
1601:
1595:
1589:
1583:
1574:
1568:
1559:
1553:
1547:
1541:
1535:
1529:
1520:
1514:
1508:
1502:
1496:
1490:
1484:
1478:
1469:
1463:
1454:
1448:
1439:
1438:, p. 45-46.
1433:
1424:
1418:
1405:
1399:
1099:24–27; 33; 34–35
991:Pauline epistles
963:Matthew's gospel
959:baptism of Jesus
925:Babylonian exile
912:
905:
881:
874:
867:
615:Events and terms
409:Dhul-Suwayqatayn
270:Premillennialism
156:Olivet Discourse
70:
21:
3437:
3436:
3432:
3431:
3430:
3428:
3427:
3426:
3397:
3396:
3395:
3390:
3369:Future problems
3342:
3333:
3267:
3236:
3203:Climate fiction
3169:
3044:2012 phenomenon
3027:
2933:Sheep and Goats
2820:2 Thessalonians
2698:
2615:Gamma-ray burst
2569:
2484:
2475:Genetic erosion
2430:
2400:
2391:Water pollution
2359:Ozone depletion
2255:Desertification
2195:
2110:
2045:Doomsday device
2025:Nuclear warfare
1964:
1939:
1934:
1903:
1901:
1895:
1880:
1874:
1859:
1853:
1836:
1830:
1813:
1807:
1792:
1786:
1769:
1763:
1746:
1740:
1725:
1719:
1708:Ultimate Things
1704:
1698:
1681:
1675:
1660:
1654:
1637:
1633:
1628:
1620:
1616:
1608:
1604:
1596:
1592:
1584:
1577:
1569:
1562:
1554:
1550:
1542:
1538:
1530:
1523:
1515:
1511:
1503:
1499:
1491:
1487:
1479:
1472:
1464:
1457:
1449:
1442:
1434:
1427:
1419:
1408:
1400:
1396:
1392:
1387:
1343:
1316:
1268:
1223:
1218:
1136:
1093:
1088:
1043:
1041:Characteristics
999:
885:
856:
855:
852:
799:2012 phenomenon
791:
790:
789:Inter-religious
781:
780:
779:
764:
763:
752:
751:
735:
734:
723:
722:
721:
695:
665:
664:
653:
652:
649:
629:Kibbutz Galuyot
609:
573:
532:
518:Book of Ezekiel
498:
497:
486:
485:
484:
453:
449:Yajuj and Majuj
388:
387:
376:
375:
374:
354:
353:
342:
341:
340:
337:
326:
287:
279:
253:
250:
234:
216:Different views
210:
207:
191:
165:
161:Sheep and Goats
149:
125:
124:
113:
112:
111:
96:
95:
65:North Macedonia
43:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3435:
3433:
3425:
3424:
3419:
3414:
3409:
3407:Apocalypticism
3399:
3398:
3392:
3391:
3389:
3388:
3387:
3386:
3381:
3376:
3371:
3366:
3364:Apocalypticism
3353:
3338:
3335:
3334:
3332:
3331:
3326:
3321:
3316:
3311:
3306:
3301:
3296:
3291:
3286:
3281:
3275:
3273:
3269:
3268:
3266:
3265:
3260:
3255:
3250:
3244:
3242:
3238:
3237:
3235:
3234:
3233:
3232:
3222:
3217:
3216:
3215:
3208:Disaster films
3205:
3200:
3199:
3198:
3193:
3183:
3181:Alien invasion
3177:
3175:
3171:
3170:
3168:
3167:
3162:
3157:
3156:
3155:
3150:
3140:
3135:
3130:
3129:
3128:
3123:
3121:Amillennialism
3118:
3108:
3106:Millenarianism
3103:
3102:
3101:
3091:
3086:
3081:
3076:
3071:
3066:
3061:
3059:Apocalypticism
3056:
3051:
3046:
3041:
3035:
3033:
3029:
3028:
3026:
3025:
3024:
3023:
3013:
3008:
3007:
3006:
3005:
3004:
2999:
2994:
2984:
2983:
2982:
2977:
2972:
2967:
2962:
2957:
2955:Dhu al-Qarnayn
2952:
2947:
2937:
2936:
2935:
2930:
2925:
2924:
2923:
2913:
2908:
2903:
2901:Great Apostasy
2898:
2897:
2896:
2895:
2894:
2889:
2884:
2879:
2874:
2869:
2864:
2859:
2854:
2839:
2834:
2833:
2832:
2827:
2817:
2812:
2807:
2802:
2801:
2800:
2790:
2780:
2775:
2774:
2773:
2768:
2758:
2748:
2746:Last Judgement
2743:
2742:
2741:
2736:
2726:
2725:
2724:
2719:
2708:
2706:
2704:Eschatological
2700:
2699:
2697:
2696:
2691:
2686:
2681:
2676:
2671:
2670:
2669:
2664:
2659:
2658:
2657:
2647:
2642:
2632:
2627:
2622:
2617:
2612:
2607:
2602:
2597:
2592:
2587:
2581:
2579:
2575:
2574:
2571:
2570:
2568:
2567:
2562:
2557:
2552:
2547:
2542:
2537:
2532:
2531:
2530:
2525:
2520:
2510:
2509:
2508:
2503:
2492:
2490:
2486:
2485:
2483:
2482:
2477:
2472:
2467:
2462:
2457:
2451:
2449:
2440:
2436:
2435:
2432:
2431:
2429:
2428:
2427:
2426:
2419:Overpopulation
2416:
2410:
2408:
2402:
2401:
2399:
2398:
2396:Water scarcity
2393:
2388:
2383:
2382:
2381:
2371:
2369:Sea level rise
2366:
2361:
2356:
2351:
2346:
2341:
2336:
2335:
2334:
2332:on marine life
2329:
2319:
2314:
2309:
2304:
2299:
2294:
2289:
2287:Global warming
2284:
2279:
2277:Global dimming
2274:
2269:
2268:
2267:
2257:
2252:
2247:
2242:
2237:
2235:Cascade effect
2232:
2231:
2230:
2220:
2214:
2212:
2210:Climate change
2203:
2197:
2196:
2194:
2193:
2188:
2183:
2182:
2181:
2176:
2171:
2161:
2156:
2151:
2146:
2145:
2144:
2139:
2129:
2124:
2118:
2116:
2112:
2111:
2109:
2108:
2103:
2102:
2101:
2096:
2091:
2077:
2076:
2075:
2070:
2060:
2054:
2053:
2052:
2047:
2042:
2040:Doomsday Clock
2037:
2032:
2022:
2021:
2020:
2010:
2005:
2000:
1999:
1998:
1993:
1991:Cyberterrorism
1988:
1978:
1972:
1970:
1966:
1965:
1963:
1962:
1961:
1960:
1950:
1944:
1941:
1940:
1935:
1933:
1932:
1925:
1918:
1910:
1900:
1899:
1893:
1878:
1872:
1857:
1851:
1834:
1828:
1811:
1805:
1790:
1784:
1767:
1761:
1744:
1738:
1723:
1717:
1702:
1696:
1679:
1673:
1658:
1652:
1634:
1632:
1629:
1627:
1626:
1624:, p. 109.
1614:
1602:
1590:
1575:
1560:
1548:
1546:, p. 106.
1536:
1521:
1509:
1497:
1495:, p. 420.
1485:
1483:, p. 180.
1470:
1455:
1440:
1425:
1406:
1393:
1391:
1388:
1386:
1385:
1380:
1375:
1370:
1365:
1360:
1355:
1350:
1348:Apocalypticism
1344:
1342:
1339:
1338:
1337:
1332:
1327:
1322:
1315:
1312:
1311:
1310:
1304:
1299:
1294:
1289:
1284:
1279:
1274:
1267:
1264:
1263:
1262:
1257:
1254:
1249:
1244:
1239:
1234:
1229:
1222:
1219:
1217:
1214:
1213:
1212:
1207:
1202:
1197:
1192:
1187:
1182:
1177:
1172:
1167:
1162:
1157:
1152:
1147:
1142:
1135:
1132:
1131:
1130:
1124:
1118:
1112:
1106:
1100:
1092:
1089:
1087:
1084:
1051:Seven trumpets
1042:
1039:
1007:eschatological
998:
995:
975:Book of Daniel
937:Book of Daniel
921:literary genre
887:
886:
884:
883:
876:
869:
861:
858:
857:
854:
853:
851:
850:
845:
843:Millenarianism
840:
826:
821:
816:
811:
809:Apocalypticism
806:
801:
795:
792:
788:
787:
786:
783:
782:
778:
777:
772:
766:
765:
759:
758:
757:
754:
753:
750:
749:
742:
736:
730:
729:
728:
725:
724:
720:
719:
714:
709:
703:
694:
693:
688:
683:
678:
672:
666:
660:
659:
658:
655:
654:
651:
650:
648:
647:
621:
611:
610:
608:
607:
585:
575:
574:
572:
571:
566:
561:
542:
540:
533:
531:
530:
528:Book of Daniel
525:
520:
515:
513:Book of Isaiah
509:
507:
504:Biblical texts
499:
493:
492:
491:
488:
487:
483:
482:
477:
472:
467:
461:
452:
451:
446:
441:
436:
431:
426:
421:
416:
411:
406:
401:
395:
389:
383:
382:
381:
378:
377:
373:
372:
367:
362:
356:
355:
349:
348:
347:
344:
343:
339:
338:
336:
335:
329:
327:
325:
324:
319:
314:
308:
306:
296:
288:
286:
285:
280:
278:
277:
275:Amillennialism
272:
266:
264:
254:
252:
251:
249:
248:
243:
237:
235:
233:
232:
227:
221:
219:
211:
209:
208:
206:
205:
200:
194:
192:
190:
189:
184:
178:
176:
168:
167:
166:
164:
163:
158:
152:
150:
148:
147:
145:Book of Daniel
142:
136:
134:
131:Biblical texts
126:
120:
119:
118:
115:
114:
110:
109:
104:
98:
97:
91:
90:
89:
86:
85:
79:
78:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3434:
3423:
3420:
3418:
3415:
3413:
3410:
3408:
3405:
3404:
3402:
3385:
3382:
3380:
3379:Risk analysis
3377:
3375:
3372:
3370:
3367:
3365:
3362:
3361:
3354:
3352:
3351:
3346:
3340:
3339:
3336:
3330:
3327:
3325:
3324:Social crisis
3322:
3320:
3317:
3315:
3312:
3310:
3307:
3305:
3302:
3300:
3297:
3295:
3292:
3290:
3287:
3285:
3282:
3280:
3277:
3276:
3274:
3270:
3264:
3261:
3259:
3256:
3254:
3251:
3249:
3246:
3245:
3243:
3241:Organizations
3239:
3231:
3228:
3227:
3226:
3223:
3221:
3218:
3214:
3211:
3210:
3209:
3206:
3204:
3201:
3197:
3194:
3192:
3189:
3188:
3187:
3184:
3182:
3179:
3178:
3176:
3172:
3166:
3165:World to come
3163:
3161:
3158:
3154:
3151:
3149:
3146:
3145:
3144:
3141:
3139:
3136:
3134:
3131:
3127:
3124:
3122:
3119:
3117:
3114:
3113:
3112:
3111:Millennialism
3109:
3107:
3104:
3100:
3099:Messianic Age
3097:
3096:
3095:
3092:
3090:
3087:
3085:
3084:Gog and Magog
3082:
3080:
3077:
3075:
3074:Earth Changes
3072:
3070:
3067:
3065:
3062:
3060:
3057:
3055:
3052:
3050:
3047:
3045:
3042:
3040:
3037:
3036:
3034:
3030:
3022:
3019:
3018:
3017:
3014:
3012:
3009:
3003:
3000:
2998:
2995:
2993:
2990:
2989:
2988:
2985:
2981:
2978:
2976:
2973:
2971:
2968:
2966:
2963:
2961:
2958:
2956:
2953:
2951:
2948:
2946:
2943:
2942:
2941:
2938:
2934:
2931:
2929:
2926:
2922:
2919:
2918:
2917:
2914:
2912:
2911:New Jerusalem
2909:
2907:
2904:
2902:
2899:
2893:
2890:
2888:
2887:War in Heaven
2885:
2883:
2882:Two witnesses
2880:
2878:
2875:
2873:
2870:
2868:
2865:
2863:
2860:
2858:
2855:
2853:
2850:
2849:
2848:
2845:
2844:
2843:
2840:
2838:
2835:
2831:
2828:
2826:
2823:
2822:
2821:
2818:
2816:
2813:
2811:
2808:
2806:
2803:
2799:
2796:
2795:
2794:
2791:
2789:
2786:
2785:
2784:
2781:
2779:
2776:
2772:
2769:
2767:
2764:
2763:
2762:
2759:
2757:
2754:
2753:
2752:
2751:Second Coming
2749:
2747:
2744:
2740:
2737:
2735:
2732:
2731:
2730:
2727:
2723:
2720:
2718:
2715:
2714:
2713:
2710:
2709:
2707:
2705:
2701:
2695:
2692:
2690:
2687:
2685:
2682:
2680:
2677:
2675:
2672:
2668:
2665:
2663:
2660:
2656:
2653:
2652:
2651:
2648:
2646:
2643:
2641:
2638:
2637:
2636:
2633:
2631:
2628:
2626:
2623:
2621:
2618:
2616:
2613:
2611:
2608:
2606:
2603:
2601:
2598:
2596:
2593:
2591:
2588:
2586:
2583:
2582:
2580:
2576:
2566:
2563:
2561:
2558:
2556:
2553:
2551:
2548:
2546:
2543:
2541:
2538:
2536:
2533:
2529:
2526:
2524:
2521:
2519:
2516:
2515:
2514:
2511:
2507:
2504:
2502:
2499:
2498:
2497:
2494:
2493:
2491:
2487:
2481:
2478:
2476:
2473:
2471:
2468:
2466:
2463:
2461:
2458:
2456:
2453:
2452:
2450:
2448:
2444:
2441:
2437:
2425:
2422:
2421:
2420:
2417:
2415:
2412:
2411:
2409:
2407:
2403:
2397:
2394:
2392:
2389:
2387:
2384:
2380:
2377:
2376:
2375:
2372:
2370:
2367:
2365:
2362:
2360:
2357:
2355:
2352:
2350:
2347:
2345:
2342:
2340:
2337:
2333:
2330:
2328:
2325:
2324:
2323:
2320:
2318:
2315:
2313:
2310:
2308:
2305:
2303:
2300:
2298:
2295:
2293:
2290:
2288:
2285:
2283:
2280:
2278:
2275:
2273:
2270:
2266:
2263:
2262:
2261:
2258:
2256:
2253:
2251:
2250:Deforestation
2248:
2246:
2243:
2241:
2238:
2236:
2233:
2229:
2226:
2225:
2224:
2221:
2219:
2216:
2215:
2213:
2211:
2207:
2204:
2202:
2198:
2192:
2191:World War III
2189:
2187:
2184:
2180:
2177:
2175:
2172:
2170:
2167:
2166:
2165:
2162:
2160:
2157:
2155:
2152:
2150:
2147:
2143:
2140:
2138:
2135:
2134:
2133:
2130:
2128:
2125:
2123:
2120:
2119:
2117:
2113:
2107:
2106:Transhumanism
2104:
2100:
2097:
2095:
2092:
2090:
2087:
2086:
2085:
2081:
2078:
2074:
2071:
2069:
2066:
2065:
2064:
2061:
2058:
2055:
2051:
2048:
2046:
2043:
2041:
2038:
2036:
2033:
2031:
2028:
2027:
2026:
2023:
2019:
2016:
2015:
2014:
2011:
2009:
2006:
2004:
2001:
1997:
1994:
1992:
1989:
1987:
1984:
1983:
1982:
1979:
1977:
1974:
1973:
1971:
1969:Technological
1967:
1959:
1956:
1955:
1954:
1951:
1949:
1946:
1945:
1942:
1938:
1931:
1926:
1924:
1919:
1917:
1912:
1911:
1908:
1904:
1896:
1890:
1886:
1885:
1879:
1875:
1873:9780802828965
1869:
1865:
1864:
1858:
1854:
1848:
1844:
1840:
1835:
1831:
1829:9781589832183
1825:
1821:
1817:
1812:
1808:
1806:9780809142286
1802:
1798:
1797:
1791:
1787:
1785:9789004444010
1781:
1777:
1773:
1768:
1764:
1762:9789053565032
1758:
1754:
1750:
1749:"Apocalyptic"
1745:
1741:
1739:9780802800206
1735:
1731:
1730:
1724:
1720:
1718:9780827238183
1714:
1710:
1709:
1703:
1699:
1697:9789053565032
1693:
1689:
1685:
1684:"Eschatology"
1680:
1676:
1674:9780802806352
1670:
1666:
1665:
1659:
1655:
1649:
1645:
1641:
1636:
1635:
1630:
1623:
1618:
1615:
1611:
1610:Crawford 2000
1606:
1603:
1600:, p. 72.
1599:
1598:Crawford 2000
1594:
1591:
1588:, p. 17.
1587:
1582:
1580:
1576:
1572:
1567:
1565:
1561:
1558:, p. 40.
1557:
1552:
1549:
1545:
1540:
1537:
1534:, p. 80.
1533:
1528:
1526:
1522:
1519:, p. 81.
1518:
1513:
1510:
1507:, p. 73.
1506:
1505:Crawford 2000
1501:
1498:
1494:
1489:
1486:
1482:
1477:
1475:
1471:
1468:, p. 35.
1467:
1462:
1460:
1456:
1453:, p. 12.
1452:
1447:
1445:
1441:
1437:
1436:Reynolds 2011
1432:
1430:
1426:
1423:, p. 37.
1422:
1417:
1415:
1413:
1411:
1407:
1403:
1398:
1395:
1389:
1384:
1381:
1379:
1378:Messianic Age
1376:
1374:
1371:
1369:
1366:
1364:
1361:
1359:
1356:
1354:
1351:
1349:
1346:
1345:
1340:
1336:
1333:
1331:
1328:
1326:
1323:
1321:
1318:
1317:
1313:
1309:
1305:
1303:
1300:
1298:
1295:
1293:
1290:
1288:
1285:
1283:
1280:
1278:
1275:
1273:
1270:
1269:
1266:Non-canonical
1265:
1261:
1258:
1255:
1253:
1250:
1248:
1245:
1243:
1240:
1238:
1235:
1233:
1230:
1228:
1225:
1224:
1220:
1215:
1211:
1208:
1206:
1203:
1201:
1198:
1196:
1193:
1191:
1188:
1186:
1183:
1181:
1178:
1176:
1173:
1171:
1168:
1166:
1163:
1161:
1158:
1156:
1153:
1151:
1148:
1146:
1143:
1141:
1138:
1137:
1134:Non-canonical
1133:
1128:
1125:
1122:
1119:
1116:
1113:
1110:
1107:
1104:
1101:
1098:
1095:
1094:
1090:
1085:
1083:
1080:
1075:
1073:
1069:
1065:
1061:
1052:
1047:
1040:
1038:
1036:
1032:
1028:
1024:
1020:
1016:
1011:
1008:
1004:
996:
994:
992:
988:
984:
983:New Testament
980:
976:
972:
971:Old Testament
966:
964:
960:
956:
952:
949:, from Greek
948:
944:
942:
938:
934:
930:
926:
922:
918:
914:
911:
904:
900:
897:
896:Ancient Greek
893:
882:
877:
875:
870:
868:
863:
862:
860:
859:
849:
846:
844:
841:
838:
834:
830:
827:
825:
824:Last Judgment
822:
820:
819:Gog and Magog
817:
815:
812:
810:
807:
805:
802:
800:
797:
796:
794:
793:
785:
784:
776:
773:
771:
768:
767:
762:
756:
755:
748:
747:
743:
741:
738:
737:
733:
727:
726:
718:
715:
713:
710:
708:
705:
704:
702:
700:
692:
689:
687:
684:
682:
679:
677:
676:Bound monster
674:
673:
670:
663:
657:
656:
646:
642:
638:
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623:
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619:
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601:Gog and Magog
598:
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541:
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537:Other sources
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475:Return of Isa
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333:Second Coming
331:
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260:Millennialism
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204:
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198:Four Horsemen
196:
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187:Two witnesses
185:
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173:Major figures
170:
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58:
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49:
45:
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37:
33:
19:
3341:
3284:Cyberwarfare
3048:
3002:Third Temple
2857:Lake of fire
2667:Rogue planet
2635:Impact event
2625:Proton decay
2578:Astronomical
2528:Bioterrorism
2374:Supervolcano
2272:Flood basalt
2218:Anoxic event
2127:Collapsology
2115:Sociological
1986:Cyberwarfare
1902:
1883:
1866:. Eerdmans.
1862:
1842:
1819:
1795:
1775:
1755:. Eerdmans.
1752:
1732:. Eerdmans.
1728:
1707:
1690:. Eerdmans.
1687:
1667:. Eerdmans.
1663:
1643:
1617:
1605:
1593:
1573:, p. 7.
1551:
1544:Collins 1984
1539:
1512:
1500:
1493:Carroll 2000
1488:
1481:Redditt 2008
1404:, p. 4.
1397:
1205:Sefer Elijah
1076:
1070:(e.g., the "
1060:Hebrew Bible
1056:
1012:
1002:
1000:
967:
950:
945:
933:Jewish Bible
929:supernatural
909:
906:
899:
891:
890:
770:Frashokereti
744:
707:Fimbulwinter
698:
696:
668:
633:Third Temple
614:
612:
578:
576:
536:
503:
480:Resurrection
456:
454:
404:Dhul-Qarnayn
391:
302:
293:Other events
292:
258:
215:
172:
130:
55:traditional
44:
3360:Categories
3329:Survivalism
3016:Zoroastrian
2872:Seven seals
2867:Seven bowls
2793:Historicism
2689:Solar flare
2565:Overfishing
2540:Defaunation
2327:coral reefs
2089:AI takeover
2008:Nanoweapons
1996:Cybergeddon
1981:Cyberattack
1556:Najman 2014
1532:Arnold 2007
1517:Foster 2020
1466:Linton 2006
1421:Najman 2014
1363:Eschatology
1247:1 Timothy 4
1023:Zoroastrian
1003:apokálypsis
947:Eschatology
910:apokálupsis
761:Zoroastrian
681:Gjallarhorn
591:, Messiah (
322:Seven Seals
241:Historicism
83:Eschatology
18:Apocalypses
3401:Categories
3289:Depression
3279:Ransomware
3094:Messianism
3064:Armageddon
3049:Apocalypse
2837:Antichrist
2825:Man of sin
2722:Three Ages
2585:Big Crunch
2447:Extinction
2439:Biological
2201:Ecological
2073:Strangelet
1586:Lewis 2004
1571:Lewis 2004
1451:Lewis 2004
1402:Carey 2012
1390:References
1256:Jude 14–15
1227:Matthew 24
1068:numerology
917:revelation
903:ἀποκάλυψις
894:(from
892:Apocalypse
829:Messianism
317:Armageddon
303:Apocalypse
203:Antichrist
107:Three Ages
59:scenes in
3422:Mythology
3174:Fictional
3021:Saoshyant
2906:New Earth
2877:The Beast
2810:Preterism
2783:Christian
2739:Kali Yuga
2684:Micronova
2679:Hypernova
2545:Dysgenics
2386:Verneshot
2292:Hypercane
2035:Dead Hand
1778:. BRILL.
1622:Aune 1983
1252:2 Peter 3
1121:Zechariah
1019:Zechariah
804:Afterlife
775:Saoshyant
645:Olam Haba
365:Kali Yuga
225:Preterism
122:Christian
3314:Pandemic
3299:Epidemic
3294:Droughts
3148:Prewrath
3079:End time
2945:Al-Qa'im
2830:Katechon
2815:2 Esdras
2805:Idealism
2788:Futurism
2717:Maitreya
2712:Buddhist
2555:Pandemic
2003:Gray goo
1341:See also
1105:33:14–26
1103:Jeremiah
1035:2 Baruch
1017:1-3 and
951:eschatos
712:Ragnarök
701: —
671: —
617: —
581: —
569:Kabbalah
459: —
439:Al-Qa'im
434:Muhammad
394: —
246:Futurism
230:Idealism
102:Maitreya
93:Buddhist
75:a series
73:Part of
3374:Hazards
3272:General
3143:Rapture
2992:Messiah
2980:Sufyani
2970:Israfil
2940:Islamic
2778:Messiah
2756:1 Enoch
2590:Big Rip
2302:Ecocide
2297:Ice age
1631:Sources
1314:Gnostic
1306:Coptic
1237:Mark 13
1140:3 Enoch
1109:Ezekiel
1015:Ezekiel
987:gospels
915: '
833:Messiah
740:Li Hong
717:Vígríðr
697:—
691:Naglfar
667:—
613:—
605:Armilus
579:Figures
577:—
558:Midrash
550:Mishnah
539: —
535:—
506: —
502:—
455:—
444:Sufyani
419:Israfil
392:Figures
390:—
385:Islamic
312:Rapture
295: —
291:—
263: —
257:—
218: —
214:—
175: —
171:—
133: —
129:—
3304:Famine
3230:Zombie
3032:Others
2987:Jewish
2965:Dajjal
2847:Events
2761:Daniel
2662:winter
2489:Others
2379:winter
2179:winter
2174:famine
2169:cobalt
1891:
1870:
1849:
1826:
1803:
1782:
1759:
1736:
1715:
1694:
1671:
1650:
1127:Daniel
1117:3:9–17
1097:Isaiah
1031:4 Ezra
941:Daniel
732:Taoist
699:Events
554:Talmud
495:Jewish
457:Events
429:Dajjal
57:fresco
3319:Riots
3011:Norse
2975:Mahdi
2734:Kalki
2729:Hindu
2059:(EMP)
1123:12–14
1111:38–39
898:
662:Norse
424:Mahdi
370:Shiva
360:Kalki
351:Hindu
182:Jesus
1889:ISBN
1868:ISBN
1847:ISBN
1824:ISBN
1801:ISBN
1780:ISBN
1757:ISBN
1734:ISBN
1713:ISBN
1692:ISBN
1669:ISBN
1648:ISBN
1129:7–12
1115:Joel
1049:The
1033:and
961:in
837:Age
599:),
414:Isa
3403::
2082:/
1578:^
1563:^
1524:^
1473:^
1458:^
1443:^
1428:^
1409:^
1037:.
993:.
835:/
643:,
639:,
635:,
631:,
627:,
603:,
595:,
556:,
552:,
77:on
63:,
1929:e
1922:t
1915:v
1897:.
1876:.
1855:.
1832:.
1809:.
1788:.
1765:.
1742:.
1721:.
1700:.
1677:.
1656:.
1053:.
969:(
913:)
907:(
880:e
873:t
866:v
839:)
831:(
560:)
548:(
305:)
301:(
42:.
20:)
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