42:
560:
the offertory sentences in Holy
Communion comes from an apocryphal book (Tob. 4: 8–9). Lessons from the Apocrypha are regularly appointed to be read in the daily, Sunday, and special services of Morning and Evening Prayer. There are altogether 111 such lessons in the latest revised American Prayer Book Lectionary The position of the Church is best summarized in the words of Article Six of the Thirty-nine Articles: "In the name of Holy Scripture we do understand those canonical Books of the Old and New Testament, of whose authority there was never any doubt in the Church... And the other Books (as Hierome saith) the Church doth read for example of life and instruction of manners; but yet doth it not apply them to establish any doctrine.
797:
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the Bishop's Bible (1568), and the King James Bible (1611) contained the
Apocrypha. Soon after the publication of the KJV, however, the English Bibles began to drop the Apocrypha and eventually they disappeared entirely. The first English Bible to be printed in America (1782–83) lacked the Apocrypha. In 1826, the British and Foreign Bible Society decided to no longer print them. Today the trend is in the opposite direction, and English Bibles with the Apocrypha are becoming more popular again.
1935:
the Bishop's Bible (1568), and the King James Bible (1611) contained the
Apocrypha. Soon after the publication of the KJV, however, the English Bibles began to drop the Apocrypha and eventually they disappeared entirely. The first English Bible to be printed in America (1782–83) lacked the Apocrypha. In 1826 the British and Foreign Bible Society decided to no longer print them. Today the trend is in the opposite direction, and English Bibles with the Apocrypha are becoming more popular again.
781:
1673:. For Mu'tazilites, the basic argument for rejecting hadith is that "because of its nature as the transmission of individuals, cannot be a sure path to our understanding of the Prophet's teachings, unlike the Quran whose transmission has a general consensus among Muslims". Some Muslim critics of hadith have even gone so far as to completely reject them as fundamental texts of Islam and instead adhere to the movement known as
4333:
3727:
944:, employs verses from the Apocrypha, such as in the Eucharistic liturgy. The Protestant Apocrypha contains three books (1 Esdras, 2 Esdras and the Prayer of Manasseh) that are accepted by many Eastern Orthodox Churches and Oriental Orthodox Churches as canonical, but are regarded as non-canonical by the Catholic Church and are therefore not included in modern Catholic Bibles.
1244:
appointed to be read to catechumens for edification and instruction; these are the Wisdom of
Solomon, the Wisdom of Sirach (Ecclesiasticus), Esther, Judith, Tobias, the Didache, or Doctrine of the Apostles, and the Shepherd of Hermas. All others are apocrypha and the inventions of heretics (Festal Epistle for 367)".
1451:
While these writings borrowed the characteristic poetic features of apocalyptic literature from
Judaism, Gnostic sects largely insisted on allegorical interpretations based on a secret apostolic tradition. With them, these apocryphal books were highly esteemed. A well-known Gnostic apocryphal book is
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While a few scholars conclude that the Jewish canon was the achievement of the
Hasmonean dynasty, it is generally considered not to have been finalized until about 100 AD or somewhat later, at which time considerations of Greek language and beginnings of Christian acceptance of the Septuagint weighed
459:
The
Protestants, in comparison, were diverse in their opinion of the deuterocanon early on. Some considered them divinely inspired, others rejected them. Lutherans and Anglicans retained the books as Christian intertestamental readings and a part of the Bible (in a section called "Apocrypha"), but no
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English Bibles were patterned after those of the
Continental Reformers by having the Apocrypha set off from the rest of the OT. Coverdale (1535) called them "Apocrypha". All English Bibles prior to 1629 contained the Apocrypha. Matthew's Bible (1537), the Great Bible (1539), the Geneva Bible (1560),
1934:
English Bibles were patterned after those of the
Continental Reformers by having the Apocrypha set off from the rest of the OT. Coverdale (1535) called them "Apocrypha". All English Bibles prior to 1629 contained the Apocrypha. Matthew's Bible (1537), the Great Bible (1539), the Geneva Bible (1560),
1295:
around 1054, but the formation of the canon that Trent would later officially definitively settle was largely complete by the fifth century, if not settled, six centuries before the separation. In the eastern part of the church, it took much of the fifth century also to come to agreement, but in the
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to refer to this traditional intertestamental collection as books of "the second canon". These books are often seen as helping to explain the theological and cultural transitions that took place between the Old and New
Testaments. They are also sometimes called "intertestamental" by religious groups
397:
declared that all books outside the Hebrew canon were apocryphal. In practice, Jerome treated some books outside the Hebrew canon as if they were canonical, and the Western Church did not accept Jerome's definition of apocrypha, instead retaining the word's prior meaning. As a result, various church
84:
The adjective "apocryphal", meaning of doubtful authenticity, mythical, fictional, is recorded from the late 16th century, then taking on the popular meaning of "false," "spurious," "bad," or "heretical." It may be used for any book which might have scriptural claims but which does not appear in the
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Why 3 and 4 Esdraas (called 1 and 2 Esdras in the NRSV Apocrypha) are pushed to the front of the list is not clear, but the motive may have been to distinguish the Anglican Apocrypha from the Roman Catholic canon affirmed at the fourth session of the Council of trent in 1546, which included all of
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Protestantism therefore established a 66 book canon with the 39 books based on the ancient Hebrew canon, along with the traditional 27 books of the New Testament. Protestants also rejected the Catholic term "deuterocanonical" for these writings, preferring to apply the term "apocryphal", which was
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On the other hand, the Anglican Communion emphatically maintains that the Apocrypha is part of the Bible and is to be read with respect by her members. Two of the hymns used in the American Prayer Book office of Morning Prayer, the Benedictus es and Benedicite, are taken from the Apocrypha. One of
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are texts written by Han scholars about the Zhou royal treasures, only they were not written to record history for its own sake, but for legitimizing the current imperial reign. These texts took the form of stories about texts and objects being conferred upon the Emperors by Heaven and comprising
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did not regularly publish the intertestamental section in its Bibles, citing the cost of printing the Apocrypha in addition to the Old Testament and New Testament as a major factor; this legacy came to characterize English-language Bibles in Great Britain and the Americas, unlike in Europe where
832:
many Jewish texts of Hellenistic origin existed within Judaism and were frequently used by Christians. Patristic authorities frequently recognized these books as important to the emergence of Christianity, but the inspired authority and value of the apocrypha remained widely disputed. Christians
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The East already differed from the West in not considering every question of canon yet settled, and it subsequently adopted a few more books into its Old Testament. It also allowed consideration of yet a few more to continue not fully decided, which led in some cases to adoption in one or more
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Within the Pali tradition, the apocryphal Jatakas of later composition (some dated even to the 19th century) are treated as a separate category of literature from the "official" Jataka stories that have been more-or-less formally canonized from at least the 5th century—as attested to in ample
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is generally considered to be a much later addition) and the local councils of Carthage and Hippo in north Africa (391 and 393 A.D). Athanasius called canonical all books of the Hebrew Bible including Baruch, while excluding Esther. He adds that "there are certain books which the Fathers had
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we find evidence of hesitation about the character of the deuterocanonicals. There is a current friendly to them, another one distinctly unfavourable to their authority and sacredness, while wavering between the two are a number of writers whose veneration for these books is tempered by some
439:
reconfirmed the canon of Augustine, dating to the second and third centuries, declaring "He is also to be anathema who does not receive these entire books, with all their parts, as they have been accustomed to be read in the Catholic Church, and are found in the ancient editions of the Latin
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already in use for other early and disputed writings. As today (but along with other reasons), various reformers argued that those books contained doctrinal or other errors and thus should not have been added to the canon for that reason. The differences between canons can be seen under
192:
in its ancient Christian usage originally meant a text read in private, rather than in public church settings. In English, it later came to have a sense of the esoteric, suspicious, or heretical, largely because of the Protestant interpretation of the usefulness of non-canonical texts.
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were classed in 80 book Protestant Bibles as an intertestamental section called the Apocrypha, which straddles the Old Testament and New Testament. Prior to 1629, all English-language Protestant Bibles included the Old Testament, Apocrypha, and New Testament; examples include the
464:, a 14th-century Christian Humanist, had declared in his biblical translation that "whatever book is in the Old Testament besides these twenty-five shall be set among the apocrypha, that is, without authority or belief." Nevertheless, his translation of the Bible included the
1247:
Nevertheless, none of these constituted indisputable definitions, and significant scholarly doubts and disagreements about the nature of the Apocrypha continued for centuries and even into Trent, which provided the first infallible definition of the Catholic canon in 1546.
100:" is applied to a particular set of books which, when they appear in a Bible, are sometimes placed between the Old and New Testaments in a section called "Apocrypha." The canonicity of such books took longer to determine. Various of these books are accepted by the
276:(206 BC – AD 220). Most of these texts have been destroyed as Emperors, particularly during the Han dynasty, collected these legitimizing objects and proscribed, forbade and burnt nearly all of them to prevent them from falling into the hands of political rivals.
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are included in some copies of the Septuagint, some of which are accepted as canonical by Eastern Orthodox and some other churches. Protestants accept none of these additional books as canon, but see them having roughly the same status as the other Apocrypha.
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among religious scholars, while many others survive only in the form of quotations from them in other writings; for some, no more than the title is known. Artists and theologians have drawn upon the New Testament apocrypha for such matters as the names of
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The Popular and Critical Bible Encyclopædia and Scriptural Dictionary: Fully Defining and Explaining All Religious Terms, Including Biographical, Geographical, Historical, Archæological and Doctrinal Themes, Superbly Illustrated with Over 600 Maps and
349:"Concerning these scriptures, which are called apocryphal, for the reason that many things are found in them corrupt and against the true faith handed down by the elders, it has pleased them that they not be given a place nor be admitted to authority."
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editions (like the Westminster), readers were warned that these books were not "to be any otherwise approved or made use of than other human writings". A milder distinction was expressed elsewhere, such as in the "argument" introducing them in the
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is commonly used in modern English to refer to any text or story considered to be of dubious veracity or authority, although it may contain some moral truth. In this broader metaphorical sense, the word suggests a claim that is in the nature of
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Generally, Anabaptists and magisterial Protestants recognize the fourteen books of the Apocrypha as being non-canonical, but useful for reading "for example of life and instruction of manners": a view that continues today throughout the
1654:. The main points of internal Islamic criticism of hadith literature are based on questions regarding its authenticity. However, Muslim criticism of hadith is also based on arguments and criticisms of Islamic theology and philosophy.
1727:. These were a class of nobles who were not part of the state administration; they were considered specialists or occultists, for example diviners, astrologers, alchemists or healers. It is from this class of nobles that the first
1424:(Apocalypse). None of those accepted books can be considered Apocryphal now, since all Christendom accepts them as canonical. Of the uncanonized ones, the Early Church considered some heretical but viewed others quite positively.
420:, and in the prefaces and letters of Jerome. A third view was that the books were not as valuable as the canonical scriptures of the Hebrew collection, but were of value for moral uses, as introductory texts for new converts from
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3 and 4 Esdras and the Prayer of Manasseh. These three texts were designated at Trent as Apocrypha and later included in an appendix to the Clementine Vulgate, first published in 1592 (and the standard Vulgate text until Vatican
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The wider Christian canon accepted by Augustine became the more established canon in the western Church after being promulgated for use in the Easter Letter of Athanasius (circa 372 A.D.), the Synod of Rome (382 A.D., but its
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The status of the deuterocanonicals remains unchanged in Catholic and Orthodox Christianity, though there is a difference in number of these books between these two branches of Christianity. Some authorities began using term
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It is because of this politicized recording of their history that it is difficult to retrace the exact origins of these objects. What is known is that these texts were most likely produced by a class of literati called the
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officially ("infallibly") declared these books (called "deuterocanonical" by Catholics) to be part of the canon in April, 1546 A.D. While the Protestant Reformers rejected the parts of the canon that were not part of the
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Some Christians, in an extension of the meaning, might also consider the non-heretical books to be "apocryphal" along the manner of Martin Luther: not canon, but useful to read. This category includes books such as the
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and his disciples sometimes used phrases also featured in some of the Apocryphal books, the Book of Enoch was never referenced by Jesus. The genuineness and inspiration of Enoch were believed in by the writer of the
527:
began to take on extra or altered connotations: not just of dubious authenticity, but having spurious or false content, Protestants, being diverse in theological views, were not unanimous in adopting those meanings.
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74:(ἀπόκρυφος) was first applied to writings that were to be read privately rather than in the public context of church services. Apocrypha were edifying Christian works that were not always initially included as
1983:
Even though they were not placed on the same level as the canonical books , still they were useful for instruction . ... These–and others that total fourteen or fifteen altogether-are the books known as the
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The earliest extant manuscripts of the Septuagint are from the fourth century, and suffer greatly from a lack of uniformity as regards containing apocryphal books, and some also contain books classed as
41:
265:. Examples of these include talismans, charts, writs, tallies, and registers. The first examples were stones, jade pieces, bronze vessels and weapons, but came to include talismans and magic diagrams.
1175:, a Greek translation of the Hebrew Scriptures originally compiled around 280 BC, originally included the apocryphal writings in dispute, with little distinction made between them and the rest of the
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The List of Sixty, dating to around the 7th century, lists the sixty books of the Bible. The unknown author also lists many apocryphal books that are not included amongst the sixty. These books are:
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The author also promotes an ideology of marriage, revealed mainly in the prayer of 8:5–7 (which is an optional Old Testament reading in Catholic, Anglican, and United Methodist marriage services).
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canons. The deuterocanonical or intertestamental books of the Catholic Church include Tobit, Judith, Baruch, Sirach, 1 Maccabees, 2 Maccabees, Wisdom and additions to Esther, Daniel, and Baruch.
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De scripturis his, quae appellantur apocriphae, pro eo quod multa in iis corrupta et contra fidem veram inveniuntur a maioribus tradita non placuit iis dari locum nec admitti ad auctoritatem.
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these ancient sage-king's (this is how the Zhou emperors were referred to by this time, about 500 years after their peak) royal regalia. The desired effect was to confirm the Han emperor's
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end it was accomplished. The canonical books thus established by the undivided church became the predominant canon for what was later to become Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox alike.
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Before the fifth century, the Christian writings that were then under discussion for inclusion in the canon but had not yet been accepted were classified in a group known as the ancient
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jurisdictions, but not all. Thus, there are today a few remaining differences of canon among Orthodox, and all Orthodox accept a few more books than appear in the Catholic canon. The
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of 1646), which has been well established for centuries, with many today supporting the use of the Apocrypha and others contending against the Apocrypha using various arguments.
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but almost universally rejected by Catholics, Orthodox and Protestants—include several gospels and lives of apostles. Some were written by early Jewish Christians (see the
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uses this term to refer to a class of books that were added to its canon later than the other books in its Old Testament canon, considering them all of equal authority.
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has been an issue of disagreement that preceded the Reformation. Many believe that the pre-Christian-era Jewish translation (into Greek) of holy scriptures known as the
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from known or accepted origins, subsequently being followed by official affirmation of what had become largely established through the study and debate of the writings.
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defined the word as meaning simply "obscurity of origin", implying that any book of unknown authorship or questionable authenticity would be considered apocryphal.
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In all places where a reading from the deuterocanonical books (The Apocrypha) is listed, an alternate reading from the canonical Scriptures has also been provided.
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732:), making most of the presently accepted canon, both Jewish and Christian, apocryphal in their eyes. Others believe that it is often mistakenly asserted that the
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was also applied to writings that were hidden not because of their divinity but because of their questionable value to the church. The early Christian theologian
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who preferred the Hebrew canon, whereas Augustine and others preferred the wider (Greek) canon, with both having followers in the generations that followed. The
495:, quoted "them with the same authority and nearly the same frequency as books of the Hebrew Bible" and the texts regarding the martyrdoms under Antiochus IV in
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519:, where it is said that "the other books the church doth read for example of life and instruction of manners," though not to establish doctrine. Among some
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In the 16th century, the Protestant reformers challenged the canonicity of the books and partial-books found in the surviving Septuagint but not in the
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are biblical or related writings not forming part of the accepted canon of scripture, some of which might be of doubtful authorship or authenticity. In
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Paper and printing were expensive and early publishers were able to hold down costs by eliminating the Apocrypha once it was deemed secondary material.
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in his Old Testament, terming them "Apocrypha, that are books which are not considered equal to the Holy Scriptures, but are useful and good to read."
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1373:. Many texts believed lost for centuries were unearthed in the 19th and 20th centuries, producing lively speculation about their importance in early
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3242:. Roland Deines; introd. by Robert Hanhart; transl. by Mark E. (North American paperback ed.). Grand Rapids: Baker Academic. pp. 57–59.
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is here practically equivalent to "excluded from the public use of the church" and prepares the way for an even less favourable use of the word.
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2562:"The Tham Vessantara-jAtaka: A Critical Study of the Tham Vessantara-jAtaka and its Influence on Kengtung Buddhism, Eastern Shan State, Burma."
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perplexity as to their exact standing, and among those we note St. Thomas Aquinas. Few are found to unequivocally acknowledge their canonicity.
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S. T. Kimbrough (2005). Orthodox And Wesleyan Scriptural Understanding And Practice. St Vladimir's Seminary Press. p. 23. ISBN 978-0881413014.
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church in the interpretation of how it was done. Those differences (in matters of jurisdictional authority) were contributing factors in the
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548:. Liturgically, the Catholic, Methodist and Anglican churches have a scripture reading from the Book of Tobit in services of Holy Matrimony.
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have rejected Hadith. There are some who even oppose the writing of Hadith for fear that it will compete with or even replace the Quran.
116:. Some Protestant traditions reject them outright; others regard the Apocrypha as non-canonical books that are useful for instruction.
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1214:, spoke against the canonicity of much or all of the apocrypha, but the most weighty opposition was the fourth century Catholic scholar
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887:(1545–63); all of the books of the Protestant Apocrypha are considered canonical by the Eastern Orthodox Church and are referred to as
479:(1534) the apocrypha are published in a separate section from the other books, although the Lutheran and Anglican lists are different.
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2627:. Howard, Jeremy Royal., Blum, Edwin., Stabnow, David K., Holman Bible Staff. (NKJV ed.). Nashville, TN: Holman Bible Pub. 2013.
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accepts the Protestant Apocrypha "for instruction in life and manners, but not for the establishment of doctrine (Article VI in the
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include the deuterocanonical books as an intertestamental section between the Old Testament and New Testament; they are termed the "
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wedding ceremonies include "the retelling of the marriage of Tobias and Sarah in the Apocrypha". The fathers of Anabaptism, such as
1264:, they included the four New Testament books Luther considered of doubtful canonicity along with the Apocrypha in his non-binding
724:, seem to have maintained an earlier and smaller number of texts as canonical, preferring to hold to only what was written in the
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1705:(476–221 BC), ancient Chinese scholars saw the centralized rule of the Zhou as an ideal model for the new Han empire to emulate.
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Lutherans and Anglicans used it only for ethical / devotional matters but did not consider it authoritative in matters of faith.
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This article is about the general concept of apocryphal literature. For the section found in some Bibles called Apocrypha, see
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1179:. Others argue that the Septuagint of the first century did not contain these books but they were added later by Christians.
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and others cited some apocryphal books as "scripture", "divine scripture", "inspired", and the like. Teachers connected with
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as unworthy to be properly called scripture, but included most of them in a separate section. Luther did not include the
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comprise the Protestant Apocrypha, first published as such in Luther's Bible (1534). Many of these texts are considered
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The first ecclesiastical decree on the Catholic Church's canonical books of the Sacred Scriptures is attributed to the
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1097:) precisely meant also saw development. The canonical process took place with believers recognizing writings as being
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3641:"Hadith and the Corruption of the great religion of Islam | Submission.org - Your best source for Submission (Islam)"
1408:. These were all candidates for the New Testament and included several books that were eventually accepted, such as:
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Slightly varying collections of apocryphal, deuterocanonical or intertestamental books of the Bible form part of the
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knowledge considered too profound or too sacred to be disclosed to anyone other than the initiated. For example, the
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1339:, referring to them as a class of books with less authority than other books of the Old Testament. In contrast, the
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alludes to a story in the book of Enoch, and some believe the use of this book also appears in the four gospels and
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canon accepted by the author. A related term for non-canonical apocryphal texts whose authorship seems incorrect is
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963:, in use by most mainline Protestants including Methodists and Moravians, lists readings from the Apocrypha in the
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1268:(although most were separately included in his Bible, as they were in some editions of the KJV bible until 1947).
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In the present-day, "English Bibles with the Apocrypha are becoming more popular again", usually being printed as
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are taken from the Apocrypha", with these lessons being "read in the same ways as those from the Old Testament".
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Protestant Bibles are printed with 80 books in three sections: the Old Testament, Apocrypha, and New Testament.
368:(generally held now as being the work of an anonymous scholar between 519 and 553) refers to religious works by
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1642:) created in the 8th and 9th centuries AD, and falsely attributed to Muhammad. Historically, some sects of the
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804:, listing "The Books of the Old Testament", "The Books called Apocrypha", and "The Books of the New Testament".
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writing not found in the common and published books on one hand actually found in the secret ones on the other
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619:, such as those belonging to the Paññāsajātaka collection, have been adapted to fit local culture in certain
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refers to texts and even items produced by ancient Chinese sages as apocryphal and studied their uses during
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416:) excluded from the canon all of the Old Testament not found there. This view is reflected in the canon of
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In the Beginning: The Story of the King James Bible and How It Changed a Nation, a Language, and a Culture
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uses a different definition than the Roman Catholic Church does for the books of its canon that it calls
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298:γραφὴ μὴ φερομένη μέν ἒν τοῖς κοινοῖς καὶ δεδημοσιευμένοις βιβλίοις εἰκὸς δ' ὅτι ἒν ἀποκρύφοις φερομένη
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wedding ceremonies include "the retelling of the marriage of Tobias and Sarah in the Apocrypha". The
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to legitimize as well as curb imperial power. They deal with treasure objects that were part of the
1255:. In response to this challenge, after the death of Martin Luther (February 8, 1546) the ecumenical
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rejected the hadiths as the basis for Islamic law, while at the same time accepting the Sunnah and
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The prevailing attitude of Western medieval authors is substantially that of the Greek Fathers.
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A chronological list of early Christian books and letters, both complete and incomplete works;
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3523:. Translated by Buckley, Theodore Alois. London: George Routledge and Co. 1851. pp. 17–18.
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countries and have been retold with amendments to the plots to better reflect Buddhist morals.
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authorities labeled different books as apocrypha, treating them with varying levels of regard.
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4903:
4813:
4756:
4577:
4567:
4417:
4296:
3970:
3945:
3916:
3700:
3673:
3541:
3272:
3243:
3218:
3163:
3154:
3150:
3130:
2978:
2931:
2869:
2841:
2837:
2830:
2799:
2770:
2741:
2669:
2638:
2628:
2541:
2439:
2380:
2328:
2298:
2264:
2192:
2052:
2029:
2019:
1923:
1714:
1665:
followers also reject hadith as the basis for Islamic law, while simultaneously accepting the
1540:
1441:
1395:
1332:
1301:
1265:
1135:
Church accepts four other books into its canon than what are contained in the Catholic canon:
1009:
862:
516:
429:
393:
262:
90:
3769:
2925:
1886:
1852:
689:
as it is the only one of these collections that works within a Jewish theological framework.
5311:
5206:
5188:
5120:
5108:
5066:
5005:
4990:
4881:
4769:
4562:
4507:
4487:
4467:
4231:
4191:
4129:
3791:- Full text from Saint Takla Haymanot Church Website (also presents the full text in Arabic)
3777:
3394:
2795:
2581:
1520:
1453:
1292:
1284:
1256:
1203:
1132:
1054:
1046:
977:
968:
884:
866:
801:
753:
640:
541:
436:
417:
3827:
3330:"Correspondence of Augustine and Jerome concerning the Latin Translation of the Scriptures"
5103:
5081:
5035:
4582:
4542:
4517:
4447:
4422:
4407:
4241:
3599:
2896:
2694:
2676:
2568:
2411:
2402:
1748:
1464:, a Gnostic gospel, also received much media attention when it was reconstructed in 2006.
1461:
1340:
1105:
1013:
990:
880:
834:
650:
533:
365:
101:
2512:
1647:
404:
stated that "the canonical books, as the Hebrews have handed them down, are twenty-two".
295:, distinguishes between writings that were read by the churches and apocryphal writings:
3240:
The Septuagint as Christian Scripture : its prehistory and the problem of its canon
211:) was first applied to writings that were kept secret because they were the vehicles of
5339:
5321:
5255:
4918:
4913:
4908:
4864:
4665:
4660:
4655:
4640:
4635:
4611:
4572:
4522:
4502:
4472:
4452:
4437:
4432:
4412:
4378:
4291:
4279:
4075:
4070:
3925:
3861:
3816:
3663:
Aisha Y. Musa, The Qur’anists, Florida International University, accessed May 22, 2013.
2488:
Blocher, Henri (2004). "Helpful or Harmful? The "Apocrypha" and Evangelical Theology".
2144:
1662:
1639:
1387:
1288:
1273:
1252:
1184:
1117:
1089:
876:
620:
425:
369:
241:
216:
166:
135:
125:
86:
75:
1996:
444:, as sacred and canonical." The whole of the books in question, with the exception of
5364:
5086:
4895:
4764:
4630:
4557:
4552:
4547:
4527:
4497:
4395:
3743:
3733:
3640:
2963:
in academic writing, although not all apocryphal books are properly deuterocanonical.
1735:
points out, however, that the scarcity of sources relating to the formation of early
1505:
1500:
1484:
1468:
1358:
1176:
1109:
1005:
693:
678:
616:
461:
328:
254:
56:
503:
are held in high esteem by the Anabaptists, who faced persecution in their history.
5344:
5244:
5173:
5075:
4537:
4532:
4492:
4462:
4442:
4390:
4201:
4181:
3965:
3950:
3940:
3800:
3593:
Orthodox Answer To a Question About Apocrypha, Canon, Deuterocanonical – Answer #39
2762:
2215:
2115:
Seidel, Anna. "Imperial treasures and Taoist sacraments". In Strickmann, M. (ed.).
1732:
1698:
1590:
1405:
1374:
1261:
1192:
1121:
1042:
912:
858:
785:
725:
701:
697:
666:
612:
594:
512:
492:
484:
476:
475:
Martin Luther did not class apocryphal books as being scripture, but in the German
272:
era China (1066–256 BC), these items came to be surpassed in value by texts by the
269:
113:
67:
3420:
2463:
3124:
2535:
1739:
make the exact link between the apocryphal texts and the Taoist beliefs unclear.
1717:
through the continuity offered by his possession of these same sacred talismans.
1467:
Roman Catholics, Eastern Orthodox, and Protestants all agree on the canon of the
763:, for instance, seem to have retained a spread of canonical texts similar to the
5227:
4823:
4741:
4736:
4650:
4645:
4477:
4306:
3902:
3822:
3329:
2734:
A General Introduction to the Bible: From Ancient Tablets to Modern Translations
2432:
A General Introduction to the Bible: From Ancient Tablets to Modern Translations
2355:
1920:
A General Introduction to the Bible: From Ancient Tablets to Modern Translations
1772:
1690:
1457:
1309:
1305:
1287:
Church's canon is made difficult because of differences of perspective with the
1227:
1144:
908:
854:
841:
760:
745:
500:
496:
480:
273:
250:
3126:
The Journey from Texts to Translations: The Origin and Development of the Bible
5216:
4219:
4186:
4119:
3982:
3865:
3612:
3568:
2162:
1658:
1643:
1445:
1370:
1366:
1199:
1172:
1034:
902:
737:
721:
705:
674:
628:
376:
3348:
2642:
2294:
Forgotten Scriptures: The Selection and Rejection of Early Religious Writings
2033:
1191:
against some of the texts. Some were not accepted by the Jews as part of the
4731:
4124:
4025:
3955:
3752:. Vol. 2 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 175–183.
3592:
3268:
2737:
2435:
2237:
2129:
1325:
1136:
935:
733:
717:
713:
545:
233:
78:
46:
2687:
188:
has undergone a major change in meaning throughout the centuries. The word
2119:. Bruxelles: Institut belge des hautes etudes chinoises. pp. 291–371.
844:, the canonical validity of the intertestamental books was challenged and
17:
5238:
4808:
4795:
4774:
4721:
4716:
4166:
3066:
The New Oxford Annotated Bible with the Apocryphal/Deuterocanonical Books
1957:
by Protestants. Three of these are recognized by Roman Catholics also as
1674:
1635:
1631:, the supposed reports of the words, actions, and silent approval of the
1148:
1030:
586:
449:
445:
421:
372:
247:
237:
223:
212:
3857:
759:
Other traditions maintained different customs regarding canonicity. The
627:
epigraphic and archaeological evidence, such as extant illustrations in
5250:
5115:
4196:
4114:
4109:
1723:
1433:
1413:
1050:
1017:
898:
590:
441:
220:
3842:
1867:
1833:
323:
came to mean "of doubtful authenticity". This meaning also appears in
52:
Notes et extraits pour servir à l'histoire des croisades au XVe siècle
5221:
5098:
4482:
4347:
4301:
3785:
Claims to be the largest collection of New Testament apocrypha online
1758:
1736:
1728:
1694:
1666:
1628:
1417:
1383:
1379:
1215:
1207:
1113:
741:
401:
388:
324:
288:
176:
170:
157:
145:
2361:
The Sunday Service of the Methodists; With Other Occasional Services
1701:(1066–256 BC) royal treasures. Emerging from the instability of the
1456:, the only complete text of which was found in the Egyptian town of
1195:
canon and the Apocrypha is not part of the historical Jewish canon.
5061:
4382:
4171:
4161:
3826:
3732:
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
2832:
Puzzles and Essays from "The Exchange": Tricky Reference Questions
1021:
916:
795:
749:
729:
488:
332:
40:
261:
were used as symbols legitimizing and guaranteeing the Emperor's
4311:
3672:
Neal Robinson (2013), Islam: A Concise Introduction, Routledge,
1670:
1651:
792:" in Christian Churches having their origins in the Reformation.
658:
4351:
3875:
2297:. Louisville, KY: Westminster John Knox Press. pp. 11–33.
1120:
canon for the Old Testament, excluding apocryphal books in the
568:, 66 of these form the Protestant canon (such as listed in the
3871:
3797:– Definition & LDS POV, including brief book descriptions.
2377:
Introducing the Apocrypha: Message, Context, and Significance
2261:
Introducing the Apocrypha: Message, Context, and Significance
424:, and to be read in congregations. They were referred to as "
306:
296:
227:
206:
151:
139:
2792:
Fourth Ezra and Second Baruch: Reconstruction after the Fall
2189:
Roman Catholics and Evangelicals: Agreements and Differences
879:
Old Testament books by the Catholic Church, affirmed by the
2927:
Orthodox And Wesleyan Scriptural Understanding And Practice
2323:
2321:
236:. The term in general enjoyed high consideration among the
59:. Series 4: 1453–1476, Paris; Bucarest, 1915, pages 126–127
3540:. Norcross, GA: Trinity Press International. p. 148.
3162:. Eugene, OR: Wipf & Stock Pub. pp. 62, 382–283.
3039:"Decree of Council of Rome (AD 382) on the Biblical Canon"
2790:
Henze, Matthias; Boccaccini, Gabriele (20 November 2013).
657:"the external books"), are books written in large part by
986:
as belonging with either Jewish or Christian testaments.
3764:
3696:
Major Issues in Islam: The Challenges Within and Without
3265:
Rethinking Biblical Scholarship: Changing Perspectives 4
3217:(. ed.). Chicago, IL: Moody Press. pp. 75–86.
2117:
Tantric and Taoist Studies in Honor of Rolf A. Stein, II
2049:
A Dictionary of the Bible: Volume I (Part I: A -- Cyrus)
3812:
New Testament Allusions to Apocrypha and Pseudepigrapha
1159:
The status of the books that the Catholic Church terms
1057:, which is part of the Ethiopian canon, as well as the
796:
1357:
New Testament apocrypha—books similar to those in the
837:, calling them the "apocrypha" or the "hidden books".
3458:
Cajetan Responds: A Reader in Reformation Controversy
1638:, are accused by some Muslims of being fabrications (
833:
included several of these books in the canons of the
3614:
The Confession of Dositheus (Eastern Orthodox, 1672)
2895:. Consultation on Common Texts. 1992. Archived from
2769:(3rd ed.). Church Publishing, Inc. p. 56.
2540:. Ohio University Center for International Studies.
1907:(2 ed.). Grand Rapids, Michigan: W.B. Eerdmans.
1903:
Bromley, Geoffrey William, ed. (2009). "Apocrypha".
1369:
authors or members of other groups later defined as
905:
of the Lutheran Churches and the Anglican Churches.
673:. Some of these books are considered sacred by some
129:
5279:
5197:
5151:
5049:
4894:
4857:
4822:
4793:
4755:
4700:
4607:
4591:
4389:
4267:
4210:
4102:
4046:
4039:
3991:
3909:
3803:, an apocryphal view on life and reality around us.
3294:"THE COUNCIL OF JAMNIA AND THE OLD TESTAMENT CANON"
3000:"New Release: Comprehensive Bible Cross References"
2953:
Style Manual for the Society of Biblical Literature
3025:"References to the Apocrypha in the New Testament"
2829:
2509:"The Old Testament Canon and the Apocrypha Part 3"
1866:
1832:
2868:. Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group. p. 298.
2721:. Forward Movement Publications. 1981. p. 5.
1953:Fourteen books and parts of books are considered
27:Works of unknown authorship or of doubtful origin
3445:. St Louis: B. Herder Book Co. pp. 270–271.
2187:Geisler, Norman L.; MacKenzie, Ralph E. (1995).
840:In the sixteenth century, during the Protestant
1224:
1083:The establishment of a largely settled uniform
681:. The Jewish apocrypha is distinctive from the
557:
337:
1951:. Pentecostal Publishing Company. p. 41.
1293:separation of the Roman Catholics and Orthodox
1165:(second canon) and Protestantism refers to as
1108:(382), and is correspondent to that of Trent.
1087:was a process of centuries, and what the term
665:, not accepted as sacred manuscripts when the
564:Though Protestant Bibles historically include
540:, among many other denominations, such as the
4363:
3887:
3765:Alin Suciu's blog on various Coptic apocrypha
2350:
2348:
2346:
2110:
2108:
2106:
2104:
2102:
2100:
1905:The International Standard Bible Encyclopedia
1448:was a prolific source of apocryphal gospels.
915:, which contains the intertestamental books;
487:, which contains the intertestamental books;
8:
3509:. London: Burns & Oates. pp. 16–17.
2930:. St Vladimir's Seminary Press. p. 23.
677:, and are included in their versions of the
50:
2998:Accordance Bible Software (December 2011).
2286:
2284:
2282:
2280:
1981:. Friends United Press. 1970. p. 141.
1278:Development of the Christian biblical canon
1065:, which are included in no biblical canon.
752:were said to have a secret literature (see
712:, to be authoritative. Some argue that the
339:
4604:
4370:
4356:
4348:
4043:
3988:
3894:
3880:
3872:
3868:. Many with links to English translations.
3688:
3686:
3521:Canons and Decrees of the Council of Trent
2088:
3807:Christian Cyclopedia article on Apocrypha
3118:
3116:
3114:
2811:the books in the Anglican Apocrypha list
2231:
2229:
2086:
2084:
2082:
2080:
2078:
2076:
2074:
2072:
2070:
2068:
1973:
1971:
1969:
1440:, which are sometimes referred to as the
1008:is included in the biblical canon of the
3774:is in the religion section at the e.Lib.
3462:The Catholic University Press of America
2425:
2423:
2421:
2419:
800:The contents page in a complete 80 book
779:
412:and familiar with the Hebrew canon (the
226:boasted that they possessed the secret (
3569:"The Old Testament Canon and Apocrypha"
3200:The Old Testament in Early Christianity
2404:The Apocrypha, Bridge of the Testaments
2191:. Baker Publishing Group. p. 171.
2092:
2051:. The Minerva Group, Inc. p. 116.
1824:
1784:
901:from the Apocrypha are included in the
824:List of books of the King James Version
3629:Development of the New Testament canon
3263:Davies, Philip R. (1 September 2013).
3215:A survey of Old Testament introduction
2648:
2259:deSilva, David A. (20 February 2018).
1898:
1896:
1731:priests are believed to have emerged.
1581:Itinerary and Teaching of the Apostles
1012:churches of Ethiopia and Eritrea. The
818:Development of the Old Testament canon
169:and is formed from the combination of
2864:McGrath, Alister (10 December 2008).
2464:"THE WESTMINSTER CONFESSION OF FAITH"
1226:In the Latin Church, all through the
927:)", and many "lectionary readings in
883:(AD 382) and later reaffirmed by the
873:Fourteen out of eighty biblical books
645:Development of the Hebrew Bible canon
327:'s prologue to his commentary on the
7:
3617:, Question 3, CRI / Voice, Institute
3534:Hiers, Richard H. (1 October 2001).
3494:. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
3443:Papal Legate At The Council Of Trent
3376:The Bible, the Church, and Authority
2582:"APOCRYPHA - JewishEncyclopedia.com"
1887:participating institution membership
1853:participating institution membership
1390:. The first explicit mention of the
1365:). Others of these were produced by
941:The Sunday Service of the Methodists
456:, were declared canonical at Trent.
134:(secret, or non-canonical) from the
5302:Other books referenced in the Bible
5261:New Testament manuscript categories
1222:states as regards the Middle Ages,
1063:Testaments of the Twelve Patriarchs
967:, although alternate Old Testament
4832:Testaments of the Three Patriarchs
3083:Willett, Herbert Lockwood (1910).
515:, and in the Sixth Article of the
460:doctrine should be based on them.
25:
3202:. Ada, MI: Baker. pp. 34–35.
2973:Clontz, T.E.; Clontz, J. (2008).
1657:Traditionally, some sects of the
1646:also rejected the hadiths, while
949:British and Foreign Bible Society
4332:
4331:
3795:LDS Bible Dictionary - Apocrypha
3725:
3479:. New York: Oxford. p. 180.
3477:An Introduction to the Apocrypha
2688:Ethiopian Orthodox Old Testament
2236:Wesner, Erik J. (8 April 2015).
45:The apocryphal letter of Sultan
5317:Biblical and Quranic narratives
3738:Charles, Robert Henry (1911). "
3310:from the original on 2022-10-09
3179:from the original on 2022-10-09
2975:The Comprehensive New Testament
2955:recommends the use of the term
2890:"The Revised Common Lectionary"
1475:have in the past also included
1363:Gospel according to the Hebrews
700:of the current 24 books in the
649:The Jewish apocrypha, known in
3850:New International Encyclopedia
3537:The Trinity Guide to the Bible
3490:Catholic Encyclopedia (1908).
3238:Biddle, Martin Hengel (2004).
3156:The Canon of the Old Testament
3129:. Baker Academic. p. 14.
3064:Coogan, Michael David (2007).
2537:The Tale of Prince Samuttakote
2379:. Baker Academic. p. 76.
2375:DeSilva, David Arthur (2002).
1949:The Story of the English Bible
1053:also show influences from the
280:Writings of questionable value
1:
2828:Anderson, Charles R. (2003).
2291:McDonald, Lee Martin (2009).
2216:"John Wycliffe's Translation"
1198:Early church fathers such as
765:Ethiopian Orthodox Christians
197:Esoteric writings and objects
3699:. Rowman & Littlefield.
3349:"Canon of the Old Testament"
3213:Archer, Jr, Gleason (2007).
2977:. Cornerstone Publications.
2836:. Psychology Press. p.
2732:Ewert, David (11 May 2010).
2560:Sengpan Pannyawamsa (2007).
2490:European Journal of Theology
2430:Ewert, David (11 May 2010).
1918:Ewert, David (11 May 2010).
1615:Gospel According to Barnabas
177:
171:
158:
146:
3378:. Collegeville, Minnesota:
3355:. The Catholic Encyclopedia
2957:deuterocanonical literature
2719:Readings from the Apocrypha
2014:Webb, Diana Barton (2010).
1685:Prophetic texts called the
1618:Gospel According to Matthew
1392:perpetual virginity of Mary
631:from ancient temple walls.
96:In Christianity, the name "
5397:
5297:English Bible translations
4685:Song of the Three Children
4237:Hanging Gardens of Babylon
3858:EarlyChristianWritings.com
3693:Sindima, Harvey J (2017).
3505:Tavard, George H. (1959).
3492:Canon of the Old Testament
3090:. Howard-Severance Company
3068:. Oxford, United Kingdom:
2693:December 31, 2007, at the
2586:www.jewishencyclopedia.com
2364:. J. Kershaw. p. 136.
2329:"The Thirty-Nine Articles"
1947:Wells, Preston B. (1911).
1922:. Zondervan. p. 104.
1410:The Epistle to the Hebrews
1350:
1072:
821:
807:
638:
604:
357:
307:
297:
257:China (AD 220–589). These
228:
207:
152:
150:, (private) from the verb
140:
36:Apocrypha (disambiguation)
29:
5335:
4327:
4247:Massacre of the Innocents
4015:Lectio difficilior potior
3421:"Athanasius on the Canon"
3395:"THE DECRETUM GELASIANUM"
3098:– via Google Books.
3004:Accordance Bible Software
2675:December 6, 2007, at the
2145:"apocryphal - Definition"
1874:Oxford English Dictionary
1840:Oxford English Dictionary
1079:Christian biblical canons
961:Revised Common Lectionary
929:The Book of Common Prayer
708:, which they believe was
704:, they also consider the
696:believe in the exclusive
470:Epistle of the Laodiceans
319:In general use, the word
124:The word's origin is the
3507:Holy Writ or Holy Church
3123:Wegner, Paul D. (2004).
2924:Kimbrough, S.T. (2005).
2767:Introduction to Theology
2047:Hastings, James (2014).
1997:"Apocrypha - Definition"
1805:Gospel of Pseudo-Matthew
661:, especially during the
553:Orthodox Anglican Church
244:, pp. 10, 27, 44).
5159:Intertestamental period
3976:Comparative linguistics
3834:The American Cyclopædia
3778:Noncanonical Literature
3749:Encyclopædia Britannica
3611:Dennis Bratcher (ed.),
3475:Metzger, Bruce (1957).
3070:Oxford University Press
2670:The Old Testament Canon
2410:August 9, 2007, at the
2131:Commentaries on Matthew
1879:Oxford University Press
1845:Oxford University Press
1561:Apocalypse of Zechariah
1556:Apocalypse of Zephaniah
1399:Infancy Gospel of James
1353:New Testament apocrypha
1347:New Testament apocrypha
1041:and many others of the
814:Intertestamental period
683:New Testament apocrypha
293:Commentaries on Matthew
5143:Apocalyptic literature
4780:Paralipomena of Baruch
3999:Contextual credibility
3817:Canon Comparison Chart
3789:Deuterocanonical books
3680:, Chapter 7, pp. 85-89
3441:Jedin, Hubert (1947).
3419:bible-researcher.com.
2655:: CS1 maint: others (
2611:jewishencyclopedia.com
2534:Hudak, Thomas (1993).
2016:Forgotten women of God
1979:Quaker Life, Volume 11
1611:Didascalia of Polycarp
1606:Didascalia of Ignatius
1438:The Shepherd of Hermas
1386:and details about the
1233:
1126:deuterocanonical books
957:intertestamental books
897:(1672). To this date,
805:
793:
776:Intertestamental books
710:handed down from Moses
570:Westminster Confession
562:
546:Quaker Yearly Meetings
435:In 1546, the Catholic
360:Deuterocanonical books
351:
340:
335:translation survives:
130:
60:
51:
34:. For other uses, see
5376:Christian terminology
5307:Additional Scriptures
5271:New Testament uncials
4225:Sources and parallels
3801:Aldenicum The Trilogy
3783:Complete NT Apocrypha
3740:Apocryphal Literature
3598:14 March 2012 at the
3456:Wicks, Jared (1978).
3301:Gordon Faculty Online
3198:Ellis, E. E. (1992).
2706:Encyclopaedia Judaica
2163:"Origen on the Canon"
1766:Shakespeare apocrypha
1703:Warring States period
1601:Didascalia of Clement
1220:Catholic Encyclopedia
1039:Clement of Alexandria
982:who do not recognize
822:Further information:
799:
783:
381:Clement of Alexandria
89:, a term that means "
44:
5292:Bible version debate
5266:New Testament papyri
5212:Samaritan Pentateuch
4837:Testament of Abraham
4775:1, 2, and 3 Meqabyan
4318:Vaticinium ex eventu
4059:Acts of the Apostles
4021:Multiple attestation
3334:bible-researcher.com
2018:. Bonneville Books.
1546:Apocalypse of Elijah
925:Thirty-Nine Articles
663:Second Temple period
653:as הספרים החיצונים (
331:, of which only the
268:From their roots in
5234:Muratorian fragment
5169:New Testament canon
5164:Old Testament canon
5057:Chapters and verses
4675:Additions to Daniel
4641:Additions to Esther
3961:Cognitive philology
3153:(1 November 2008).
2515:on 13 December 2015
2468:BibleResearcher.com
2167:BibleResearcher.com
2151:. 20 February 2024.
2149:merriam-webster.com
2001:merriam-webster.com
1877:(Online ed.).
1843:(Online ed.).
1586:Epistle of Barnabas
1576:Apocalypse of Peter
1551:Ascension of Isaiah
1536:Assumption of Moses
1430:Epistle of Barnabas
1314:Epistle of Jeremiah
1241:Decretum Gelasianum
1059:Assumption of Moses
1027:Epistle of Barnabas
984:Hellenistic Judaism
965:liturgical calendar
655:Sefarim Hachizonim:
181:(hide or conceal).
4847:Testament of Jacob
4842:Testament of Isaac
4727:Prayer of Manasseh
4690:Bel and the Dragon
4670:Letter of Jeremiah
4287:Hadith terminology
3922:Biblical criticism
3380:Fordham University
3374:Lienhard, Joseph.
3303:. Gordon College.
3292:Newman, Robert C.
3151:Beckwith, Roger T.
2625:Holman study bible
2567:2018-10-04 at the
2507:Webster, William.
2331:. Anglicans Online
1793:Gospel of Barnabas
1693:(206 BC – AD 220)
1596:Apocalypse of Paul
1531:Testament of Moses
1481:Shepherd of Hermas
1477:I & II Clement
1473:Ethiopian Orthodox
1422:Revelation of John
1322:Prayer of Manasseh
1212:Cyril of Jerusalem
1141:Prayer of Manasseh
1075:Biblical apocrypha
947:In the 1800s, the
921:Anglican Communion
899:scripture readings
895:Synod of Jerusalem
810:Biblical apocrypha
806:
794:
736:only accepted the
687:biblical apocrypha
607:Buddhist apocrypha
576:Metaphorical usage
542:Methodist Churches
538:Anglican Communion
454:Prayer of Manasseh
305:). The meaning of
110:Church of the East
61:
32:Biblical apocrypha
5358:
5357:
5327:Textual criticism
4890:
4889:
4814:Psalms of Solomon
4757:Orthodox Tewahedo
4345:
4344:
4297:Religious studies
4263:
4262:
4252:Geography of the
4115:Bardiya / Smerdis
4035:
4034:
3971:Textual criticism
3946:Demythologization
3864:, apocryphal and
3844:"Apocrypha"
3828:"Apocrypha"
2984:978-0-9778737-1-5
2937:978-0-88141-301-4
2761:Thomas, Owen C.;
2634:978-1-4336-0509-3
2386:978-0-8010-2319-4
2270:978-1-4934-1307-2
2198:978-0-8010-3875-4
2133:, X. 18, XIII. 57
2025:978-1-59955-384-9
1885:(Subscription or
1851:(Subscription or
1541:Psalms of Solomon
1516:Twelve Patriarchs
1446:Gnostic tradition
1442:Apostolic Fathers
1396:pseudepigraphical
1333:Eastern Orthodoxy
1302:Psalms of Solomon
1162:Deuterocanonicals
1010:Oriental Orthodox
999:Oriental Orthodox
969:scripture lessons
938:liturgical book,
744:in Judea and the
551:According to the
517:Church of England
394:Prologus Galeatus
315:Spurious writings
106:Orthodox Churches
91:false attribution
16:(Redirected from
5388:
5207:Dead Sea Scrolls
5189:Dating the Bible
5067:Historical books
4704:Eastern Orthodox
4617:Eastern Orthodox
4605:
4598:
4372:
4365:
4358:
4349:
4335:
4334:
4312:Myth § Mythology
4232:Founding of Rome
4125:Caligula's horse
4044:
3989:
3896:
3889:
3882:
3873:
3854:
3846:
3838:
3830:
3753:
3731:
3729:
3728:
3711:
3710:
3690:
3681:
3670:
3664:
3661:
3655:
3654:
3652:
3651:
3637:
3631:
3625:
3619:
3618:
3608:
3602:
3590:
3584:
3583:
3581:
3579:
3565:
3559:
3558:
3556:
3554:
3531:
3525:
3524:
3517:
3511:
3510:
3502:
3496:
3495:
3487:
3481:
3480:
3472:
3466:
3465:
3453:
3447:
3446:
3438:
3432:
3431:
3429:
3427:
3416:
3410:
3409:
3407:
3405:
3390:
3384:
3383:
3371:
3365:
3364:
3362:
3360:
3344:
3338:
3337:
3326:
3320:
3319:
3317:
3315:
3309:
3298:
3289:
3283:
3282:
3260:
3254:
3253:
3235:
3229:
3228:
3210:
3204:
3203:
3195:
3189:
3188:
3186:
3184:
3178:
3161:
3147:
3141:
3140:
3120:
3109:
3106:
3100:
3099:
3097:
3095:
3080:
3074:
3073:
3061:
3055:
3054:
3052:
3050:
3045:. 19 August 2008
3035:
3029:
3028:
3027:. 7 August 2017.
3021:
3015:
3014:
3012:
3010:
2995:
2989:
2988:
2970:
2964:
2949:
2943:
2941:
2921:
2915:
2914:
2909:
2907:
2901:
2894:
2886:
2880:
2879:
2861:
2855:
2854:
2835:
2825:
2819:
2818:
2787:
2781:
2780:
2763:Wondra, Ellen K.
2758:
2752:
2751:
2729:
2723:
2722:
2715:
2709:
2708:, Vol 6, p 1147.
2703:
2697:
2685:
2679:
2667:
2661:
2660:
2654:
2646:
2621:
2615:
2614:
2603:
2597:
2596:
2594:
2592:
2578:
2572:
2558:
2552:
2551:
2531:
2525:
2524:
2522:
2520:
2511:. Archived from
2504:
2498:
2497:
2485:
2479:
2478:
2476:
2474:
2460:
2454:
2453:
2427:
2414:
2400:
2394:
2393:
2372:
2366:
2365:
2352:
2341:
2340:
2338:
2336:
2325:
2316:
2315:
2313:
2311:
2288:
2275:
2274:
2256:
2250:
2249:
2247:
2245:
2233:
2224:
2223:
2212:
2206:
2205:
2184:
2178:
2177:
2175:
2173:
2159:
2153:
2152:
2141:
2135:
2127:
2121:
2120:
2112:
2095:
2090:
2063:
2062:
2044:
2038:
2037:
2011:
2005:
2004:
1993:
1987:
1986:
1975:
1964:
1963:
1944:
1938:
1937:
1915:
1909:
1908:
1900:
1891:
1890:
1882:
1870:
1863:
1857:
1856:
1848:
1836:
1829:
1807:
1801:
1795:
1789:
1715:Heavenly Mandate
1689:were written by
1571:History of James
1566:Apocalyptic Ezra
1521:Prayer of Joseph
1454:Gospel of Thomas
1394:is found in the
1337:deuterocanonical
1285:Eastern Orthodox
1257:Council of Trent
1133:Eastern Orthodox
1055:Book of Jubilees
1047:Epistles of Paul
995:Eastern Orthodox
978:deuterocanonical
885:Council of Trent
867:King James Bible
865:(1568), and the
835:Christian Bibles
802:King James Bible
754:Dead Sea scrolls
641:Jewish apocrypha
536:, the worldwide
437:Council of Trent
418:Melito of Sardis
343:
310:
309:
300:
299:
263:Heavenly Mandate
231:
230:
210:
209:
180:
174:
162:(to hide away).
161:
155:
154:
149:
143:
142:
133:
114:deuterocanonical
55:), published by
54:
21:
5396:
5395:
5391:
5390:
5389:
5387:
5386:
5385:
5361:
5360:
5359:
5354:
5331:
5275:
5193:
5184:Christian canon
5147:
5082:Prophetic books
5045:
4976:2 Thessalonians
4971:1 Thessalonians
4886:
4853:
4818:
4789:
4751:
4710:
4696:
4624:
4596:
4595:
4587:
4398:
4394:
4385:
4376:
4346:
4341:
4323:
4259:
4242:Kurukshetra War
4212:
4206:
4098:
4031:
3987:
3905:
3900:
3841:
3821:
3761:
3756:
3737:
3726:
3724:
3720:
3715:
3714:
3707:
3692:
3691:
3684:
3671:
3667:
3662:
3658:
3649:
3647:
3639:
3638:
3634:
3626:
3622:
3610:
3609:
3605:
3600:Wayback Machine
3591:
3587:
3577:
3575:
3573:BibleResearcher
3567:
3566:
3562:
3552:
3550:
3548:
3533:
3532:
3528:
3519:
3518:
3514:
3504:
3503:
3499:
3489:
3488:
3484:
3474:
3473:
3469:
3455:
3454:
3450:
3440:
3439:
3435:
3425:
3423:
3418:
3417:
3413:
3403:
3401:
3393:Burkitt, F. C.
3392:
3391:
3387:
3373:
3372:
3368:
3358:
3356:
3347:Knight, Kevin.
3346:
3345:
3341:
3328:
3327:
3323:
3313:
3311:
3307:
3296:
3291:
3290:
3286:
3279:
3271:. p. 225.
3262:
3261:
3257:
3250:
3237:
3236:
3232:
3225:
3212:
3211:
3207:
3197:
3196:
3192:
3182:
3180:
3176:
3170:
3159:
3149:
3148:
3144:
3137:
3122:
3121:
3112:
3107:
3103:
3093:
3091:
3082:
3081:
3077:
3063:
3062:
3058:
3048:
3046:
3043:Taylor Marshall
3037:
3036:
3032:
3023:
3022:
3018:
3008:
3006:
2997:
2996:
2992:
2985:
2972:
2971:
2967:
2950:
2946:
2938:
2923:
2922:
2918:
2905:
2903:
2899:
2892:
2888:
2887:
2883:
2876:
2863:
2862:
2858:
2848:
2827:
2826:
2822:
2806:
2798:. p. 383.
2789:
2788:
2784:
2777:
2765:(1 July 2002).
2760:
2759:
2755:
2748:
2740:. p. 104.
2731:
2730:
2726:
2717:
2716:
2712:
2704:
2700:
2695:Wayback Machine
2686:
2682:
2677:Wayback Machine
2668:
2664:
2647:
2635:
2623:
2622:
2618:
2605:
2604:
2600:
2590:
2588:
2580:
2579:
2575:
2569:Wayback Machine
2559:
2555:
2548:
2533:
2532:
2528:
2518:
2516:
2506:
2505:
2501:
2487:
2486:
2482:
2472:
2470:
2462:
2461:
2457:
2446:
2438:. p. 104.
2429:
2428:
2417:
2412:Wayback Machine
2401:
2397:
2387:
2374:
2373:
2369:
2354:
2353:
2344:
2334:
2332:
2327:
2326:
2319:
2309:
2307:
2305:
2290:
2289:
2278:
2271:
2263:. Baker Books.
2258:
2257:
2253:
2243:
2241:
2240:. Amish America
2235:
2234:
2227:
2214:
2213:
2209:
2199:
2186:
2185:
2181:
2171:
2169:
2161:
2160:
2156:
2143:
2142:
2138:
2128:
2124:
2114:
2113:
2098:
2091:
2066:
2059:
2046:
2045:
2041:
2026:
2013:
2012:
2008:
1995:
1994:
1990:
1977:
1976:
1967:
1946:
1945:
1941:
1930:
1917:
1916:
1912:
1902:
1901:
1894:
1884:
1865:
1864:
1860:
1850:
1831:
1830:
1826:
1821:
1816:
1811:
1810:
1802:
1798:
1790:
1786:
1781:
1749:List of Gospels
1745:
1683:
1633:Islamic prophet
1626:
1621:
1526:Eldad and Modad
1493:
1462:Gospel of Judas
1355:
1349:
1341:Catholic Church
1283:Explaining the
1157:
1106:Council of Rome
1099:inspired by God
1081:
1073:Main articles:
1071:
1014:Epistle of Jude
890:anagignoskomena
881:Council of Rome
851:Matthew's Bible
826:
820:
778:
773:
647:
639:Main articles:
637:
621:Southeast Asian
609:
603:
578:
534:Lutheran Church
366:Gelasian Decree
362:
356:
346:
317:
282:
199:
122:
102:Catholic Church
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5394:
5392:
5384:
5383:
5378:
5373:
5363:
5362:
5356:
5355:
5353:
5352:
5347:
5342:
5336:
5333:
5332:
5330:
5329:
5324:
5322:Synod of Hippo
5319:
5314:
5309:
5304:
5299:
5294:
5289:
5283:
5281:
5277:
5276:
5274:
5273:
5268:
5263:
5258:
5256:Masoretic Text
5253:
5248:
5241:
5236:
5231:
5224:
5219:
5214:
5209:
5203:
5201:
5195:
5194:
5192:
5191:
5186:
5181:
5176:
5171:
5166:
5161:
5155:
5153:
5149:
5148:
5146:
5145:
5140:
5139:
5138:
5133:
5128:
5123:
5113:
5112:
5111:
5106:
5096:
5095:
5094:
5092:Minor prophets
5089:
5087:Major prophets
5079:
5069:
5064:
5059:
5053:
5051:
5047:
5046:
5044:
5043:
5038:
5033:
5028:
5023:
5018:
5013:
5008:
5003:
4998:
4993:
4988:
4983:
4978:
4973:
4968:
4961:
4956:
4951:
4946:
4941:
4936:
4931:
4926:
4921:
4916:
4911:
4906:
4900:
4898:
4892:
4891:
4888:
4887:
4885:
4884:
4879:
4874:
4873:
4872:
4865:Pseudepigrapha
4861:
4859:
4858:Classification
4855:
4854:
4852:
4851:
4850:
4849:
4844:
4839:
4828:
4826:
4820:
4819:
4817:
4816:
4811:
4806:
4804:Psalms 152–155
4800:
4798:
4791:
4790:
4788:
4787:
4782:
4777:
4772:
4767:
4761:
4759:
4753:
4752:
4750:
4749:
4744:
4739:
4734:
4729:
4724:
4719:
4713:
4711:
4709:
4708:
4705:
4701:
4698:
4697:
4695:
4694:
4693:
4692:
4687:
4682:
4672:
4663:
4658:
4653:
4648:
4643:
4638:
4633:
4627:
4625:
4623:
4622:
4619:
4614:
4608:
4602:
4589:
4588:
4586:
4585:
4580:
4575:
4570:
4565:
4560:
4555:
4550:
4545:
4540:
4535:
4530:
4525:
4520:
4515:
4510:
4505:
4500:
4495:
4490:
4485:
4480:
4475:
4470:
4465:
4460:
4458:1–2 Chronicles
4455:
4450:
4445:
4440:
4435:
4430:
4425:
4420:
4415:
4410:
4404:
4402:
4387:
4386:
4377:
4375:
4374:
4367:
4360:
4352:
4343:
4342:
4340:
4339:
4328:
4325:
4324:
4322:
4321:
4314:
4309:
4304:
4299:
4294:
4292:Historiography
4289:
4284:
4283:
4282:
4280:Pseudepigrapha
4271:
4269:
4265:
4264:
4261:
4260:
4258:
4257:
4249:
4244:
4239:
4234:
4229:
4228:
4227:
4216:
4214:
4208:
4207:
4205:
4204:
4199:
4194:
4189:
4184:
4179:
4174:
4169:
4164:
4159:
4154:
4153:
4152:
4147:
4142:
4132:
4127:
4122:
4117:
4112:
4106:
4104:
4100:
4099:
4097:
4096:
4091:
4083:
4081:Book of Mormon
4078:
4076:Book of Joshua
4073:
4071:Book of Esther
4068:
4067:
4066:
4061:
4050:
4048:
4041:
4037:
4036:
4033:
4032:
4030:
4029:
4018:
4011:
4006:
4001:
3995:
3993:
3986:
3985:
3980:
3979:
3978:
3973:
3968:
3963:
3953:
3948:
3943:
3938:
3937:
3936:
3926:Hadith studies
3919:
3917:Bayes' theorem
3913:
3911:
3907:
3906:
3901:
3899:
3898:
3891:
3884:
3876:
3870:
3869:
3855:
3839:
3819:
3814:
3809:
3804:
3798:
3792:
3786:
3780:
3775:
3767:
3760:
3759:External links
3757:
3755:
3754:
3744:Chisholm, Hugh
3721:
3719:
3716:
3713:
3712:
3705:
3682:
3678:978-0878402243
3665:
3656:
3645:submission.org
3632:
3620:
3603:
3585:
3560:
3546:
3526:
3512:
3497:
3482:
3467:
3460:. Washington:
3448:
3433:
3411:
3399:tertullian.org
3385:
3366:
3339:
3321:
3284:
3278:978-1844657278
3277:
3255:
3248:
3230:
3224:978-0802484345
3223:
3205:
3190:
3169:978-1606082492
3168:
3142:
3136:978-0801027994
3135:
3110:
3101:
3075:
3072:. p. 457.
3056:
3030:
3016:
2990:
2983:
2965:
2944:
2936:
2916:
2902:on 1 July 2015
2881:
2874:
2856:
2846:
2820:
2804:
2782:
2775:
2753:
2746:
2724:
2710:
2698:
2680:
2662:
2633:
2616:
2598:
2573:
2553:
2546:
2526:
2499:
2480:
2455:
2444:
2415:
2395:
2385:
2367:
2342:
2317:
2304:978-0664233570
2303:
2276:
2269:
2251:
2225:
2207:
2197:
2179:
2154:
2136:
2122:
2096:
2064:
2057:
2039:
2024:
2006:
1988:
1965:
1939:
1928:
1910:
1892:
1858:
1823:
1822:
1820:
1817:
1815:
1812:
1809:
1808:
1796:
1783:
1782:
1780:
1777:
1776:
1775:
1769:
1768:
1762:
1761:
1756:
1751:
1744:
1741:
1695:Taoist priests
1682:
1679:
1640:pseudepigrapha
1625:
1622:
1620:
1619:
1616:
1613:
1608:
1603:
1598:
1593:
1588:
1583:
1578:
1573:
1568:
1563:
1558:
1553:
1548:
1543:
1538:
1533:
1528:
1523:
1518:
1513:
1508:
1503:
1497:
1492:
1489:
1388:Three Wise Men
1351:Main article:
1348:
1345:
1289:Roman Catholic
1274:Biblical canon
1266:Luther's canon
1253:Masoretic Text
1185:pseudepigrapha
1156:
1153:
1116:, favored the
1070:
1067:
971:are provided.
863:Bishop's Bible
846:fourteen books
784:Copies of the
777:
774:
772:
769:
761:Ethiopian Jews
636:
633:
605:Main article:
602:
599:
580:The adjective
577:
574:
521:Nonconformists
426:ecclesiastical
383:as apocrypha.
370:church fathers
358:Main article:
355:
352:
316:
313:
281:
278:
242:Acts of Thomas
198:
195:
165:It comes from
126:Medieval Latin
121:
118:
87:pseudepigrapha
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5393:
5382:
5379:
5377:
5374:
5372:
5369:
5368:
5366:
5351:
5348:
5346:
5343:
5341:
5338:
5337:
5334:
5328:
5325:
5323:
5320:
5318:
5315:
5313:
5310:
5308:
5305:
5303:
5300:
5298:
5295:
5293:
5290:
5288:
5285:
5284:
5282:
5278:
5272:
5269:
5267:
5264:
5262:
5259:
5257:
5254:
5252:
5249:
5247:
5246:
5242:
5240:
5237:
5235:
5232:
5230:
5229:
5225:
5223:
5220:
5218:
5215:
5213:
5210:
5208:
5205:
5204:
5202:
5200:
5196:
5190:
5187:
5185:
5182:
5180:
5177:
5175:
5172:
5170:
5167:
5165:
5162:
5160:
5157:
5156:
5154:
5150:
5144:
5141:
5137:
5134:
5132:
5129:
5127:
5124:
5122:
5119:
5118:
5117:
5114:
5110:
5107:
5105:
5102:
5101:
5100:
5097:
5093:
5090:
5088:
5085:
5084:
5083:
5080:
5077:
5073:
5070:
5068:
5065:
5063:
5060:
5058:
5055:
5054:
5052:
5048:
5042:
5039:
5037:
5034:
5032:
5029:
5027:
5024:
5022:
5019:
5017:
5014:
5012:
5009:
5007:
5004:
5002:
4999:
4997:
4994:
4992:
4989:
4987:
4984:
4982:
4979:
4977:
4974:
4972:
4969:
4967:
4966:
4962:
4960:
4957:
4955:
4952:
4950:
4947:
4945:
4942:
4940:
4939:2 Corinthians
4937:
4935:
4934:1 Corinthians
4932:
4930:
4927:
4925:
4922:
4920:
4917:
4915:
4912:
4910:
4907:
4905:
4902:
4901:
4899:
4897:
4896:New Testament
4893:
4883:
4880:
4878:
4877:New Testament
4875:
4871:
4868:
4867:
4866:
4863:
4862:
4860:
4856:
4848:
4845:
4843:
4840:
4838:
4835:
4834:
4833:
4830:
4829:
4827:
4825:
4821:
4815:
4812:
4810:
4807:
4805:
4802:
4801:
4799:
4797:
4792:
4786:
4785:Broader canon
4783:
4781:
4778:
4776:
4773:
4771:
4768:
4766:
4763:
4762:
4760:
4758:
4754:
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4740:
4738:
4735:
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4730:
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4725:
4723:
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4718:
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4714:
4712:
4706:
4703:
4702:
4699:
4691:
4688:
4686:
4683:
4681:
4678:
4677:
4676:
4673:
4671:
4667:
4664:
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4659:
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4647:
4644:
4642:
4639:
4637:
4634:
4632:
4629:
4628:
4626:
4620:
4618:
4615:
4613:
4610:
4609:
4606:
4603:
4601:
4594:
4590:
4584:
4581:
4579:
4576:
4574:
4571:
4569:
4566:
4564:
4561:
4559:
4556:
4554:
4551:
4549:
4546:
4544:
4541:
4539:
4536:
4534:
4531:
4529:
4526:
4524:
4521:
4519:
4516:
4514:
4511:
4509:
4506:
4504:
4501:
4499:
4498:Song of Songs
4496:
4494:
4491:
4489:
4486:
4484:
4481:
4479:
4476:
4474:
4471:
4469:
4466:
4464:
4461:
4459:
4456:
4454:
4451:
4449:
4446:
4444:
4441:
4439:
4436:
4434:
4431:
4429:
4426:
4424:
4421:
4419:
4416:
4414:
4411:
4409:
4406:
4405:
4403:
4401:
4397:
4396:Old Testament
4392:
4388:
4384:
4380:
4373:
4368:
4366:
4361:
4359:
4354:
4353:
4350:
4338:
4330:
4329:
4326:
4320:
4319:
4315:
4313:
4310:
4308:
4305:
4303:
4300:
4298:
4295:
4293:
4290:
4288:
4285:
4281:
4278:
4277:
4276:
4273:
4272:
4270:
4266:
4256:
4255:
4250:
4248:
4245:
4243:
4240:
4238:
4235:
4233:
4230:
4226:
4223:
4222:
4221:
4218:
4217:
4215:
4209:
4203:
4200:
4198:
4195:
4193:
4190:
4188:
4185:
4183:
4180:
4178:
4175:
4173:
4170:
4168:
4165:
4163:
4160:
4158:
4155:
4151:
4148:
4146:
4143:
4141:
4138:
4137:
4136:
4133:
4131:
4128:
4126:
4123:
4121:
4118:
4116:
4113:
4111:
4108:
4107:
4105:
4101:
4095:
4092:
4090:
4089:
4084:
4082:
4079:
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4074:
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4069:
4065:
4062:
4060:
4057:
4056:
4055:
4052:
4051:
4049:
4045:
4042:
4038:
4028:
4027:
4022:
4019:
4017:
4016:
4012:
4010:
4009:Embarrassment
4007:
4005:
4004:Dissimilarity
4002:
4000:
3997:
3996:
3994:
3990:
3984:
3981:
3977:
3974:
3972:
3969:
3967:
3964:
3962:
3959:
3958:
3957:
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3923:
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3897:
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3885:
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3878:
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3867:
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3859:
3856:
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3851:
3845:
3840:
3836:
3835:
3829:
3824:
3820:
3818:
3815:
3813:
3810:
3808:
3805:
3802:
3799:
3796:
3793:
3790:
3787:
3784:
3781:
3779:
3776:
3773:
3772:
3771:The Apocrypha
3768:
3766:
3763:
3762:
3758:
3751:
3750:
3745:
3741:
3735:
3734:public domain
3723:
3722:
3717:
3708:
3706:9780761870173
3702:
3698:
3697:
3689:
3687:
3683:
3679:
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3669:
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3660:
3657:
3646:
3642:
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3633:
3630:
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3621:
3616:
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3607:
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3570:
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3527:
3522:
3516:
3513:
3508:
3501:
3498:
3493:
3486:
3483:
3478:
3471:
3468:
3463:
3459:
3452:
3449:
3444:
3437:
3434:
3422:
3415:
3412:
3400:
3396:
3389:
3386:
3382:. p. 59.
3381:
3377:
3370:
3367:
3354:
3350:
3343:
3340:
3335:
3331:
3325:
3322:
3306:
3302:
3295:
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3285:
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3270:
3266:
3259:
3256:
3251:
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3231:
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3216:
3209:
3206:
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3191:
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3165:
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3157:
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3128:
3127:
3119:
3117:
3115:
3111:
3105:
3102:
3089:
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3079:
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3071:
3067:
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2875:9780307486226
2871:
2867:
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2843:
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2805:9789004258815
2801:
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2776:9780819218971
2772:
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2300:
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2277:
2272:
2266:
2262:
2255:
2252:
2239:
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2230:
2226:
2221:
2217:
2211:
2208:
2204:
2200:
2194:
2190:
2183:
2180:
2168:
2164:
2158:
2155:
2150:
2146:
2140:
2137:
2134:
2132:
2126:
2123:
2118:
2111:
2109:
2107:
2105:
2103:
2101:
2097:
2094:
2089:
2087:
2085:
2083:
2081:
2079:
2077:
2075:
2073:
2071:
2069:
2065:
2060:
2058:9781410217226
2054:
2050:
2043:
2040:
2035:
2031:
2027:
2021:
2017:
2010:
2007:
2002:
1998:
1992:
1989:
1985:
1980:
1974:
1972:
1970:
1966:
1962:
1960:
1956:
1950:
1943:
1940:
1936:
1931:
1929:9780310872436
1925:
1921:
1914:
1911:
1906:
1899:
1897:
1893:
1888:
1880:
1876:
1875:
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1862:
1859:
1854:
1846:
1842:
1841:
1835:
1828:
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1818:
1813:
1806:
1800:
1797:
1794:
1788:
1785:
1778:
1774:
1771:
1770:
1767:
1764:
1763:
1760:
1757:
1755:
1752:
1750:
1747:
1746:
1742:
1740:
1738:
1734:
1730:
1726:
1725:
1718:
1716:
1711:
1706:
1704:
1700:
1696:
1692:
1688:
1680:
1678:
1676:
1672:
1668:
1664:
1660:
1655:
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1641:
1637:
1634:
1630:
1623:
1617:
1614:
1612:
1609:
1607:
1604:
1602:
1599:
1597:
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1592:
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1587:
1584:
1582:
1579:
1577:
1574:
1572:
1569:
1567:
1564:
1562:
1559:
1557:
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1552:
1549:
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1544:
1542:
1539:
1537:
1534:
1532:
1529:
1527:
1524:
1522:
1519:
1517:
1514:
1512:
1509:
1507:
1504:
1502:
1499:
1498:
1496:
1491:List of Sixty
1490:
1488:
1486:
1485:New Testament
1482:
1478:
1474:
1470:
1469:New Testament
1465:
1463:
1460:in 1945. The
1459:
1455:
1449:
1447:
1443:
1439:
1435:
1431:
1425:
1423:
1419:
1415:
1411:
1407:
1406:antilegomenae
1402:
1400:
1397:
1393:
1389:
1385:
1381:
1376:
1372:
1368:
1364:
1360:
1359:New Testament
1354:
1346:
1344:
1342:
1338:
1334:
1330:
1327:
1323:
1319:
1315:
1311:
1307:
1303:
1297:
1294:
1290:
1286:
1281:
1279:
1275:
1269:
1267:
1263:
1258:
1254:
1249:
1245:
1242:
1236:
1232:
1229:
1223:
1221:
1217:
1213:
1209:
1205:
1201:
1196:
1194:
1188:
1186:
1180:
1178:
1177:Old Testament
1174:
1170:
1169:
1164:
1163:
1154:
1152:
1150:
1146:
1142:
1138:
1134:
1129:
1127:
1123:
1119:
1115:
1111:
1110:Martin Luther
1107:
1102:
1100:
1096:
1092:
1091:
1086:
1080:
1076:
1068:
1066:
1064:
1060:
1056:
1052:
1048:
1044:
1040:
1036:
1032:
1028:
1023:
1019:
1015:
1011:
1007:
1006:Book of Enoch
1002:
1000:
996:
992:
987:
985:
980:
979:
972:
970:
966:
962:
958:
953:
950:
945:
943:
942:
937:
932:
930:
926:
922:
918:
914:
910:
906:
904:
900:
896:
892:
891:
886:
882:
878:
874:
870:
868:
864:
860:
856:
852:
847:
843:
838:
836:
831:
830:Apostolic Age
825:
819:
815:
811:
803:
798:
791:
787:
782:
775:
770:
768:
766:
762:
757:
755:
751:
747:
743:
740:(Torah). The
739:
735:
731:
727:
723:
720:but like the
719:
716:, unlike the
715:
711:
707:
703:
699:
695:
694:Orthodox Jews
690:
688:
684:
680:
679:Old Testament
676:
672:
668:
664:
660:
656:
652:
646:
642:
634:
632:
630:
624:
622:
618:
614:
608:
600:
598:
596:
592:
588:
583:
575:
573:
571:
567:
561:
556:
554:
549:
547:
543:
539:
535:
529:
526:
522:
518:
514:
509:
504:
502:
498:
494:
490:
486:
482:
478:
473:
471:
467:
463:
462:John Wycliffe
457:
455:
451:
447:
443:
438:
433:
431:
427:
423:
419:
415:
411:
407:
403:
399:
396:
395:
390:
386:
382:
378:
374:
371:
367:
361:
353:
350:
347:
344:
342:
336:
334:
330:
329:Song of Songs
326:
322:
314:
312:
304:
294:
290:
286:
279:
277:
275:
271:
266:
264:
260:
256:
255:Six Dynasties
252:
249:
245:
243:
239:
235:
225:
222:
218:
214:
204:
196:
194:
191:
187:
182:
179:
173:
168:
163:
160:
148:
137:
132:
127:
119:
117:
115:
111:
107:
103:
99:
98:the Apocrypha
94:
92:
88:
82:
80:
77:
73:
69:
65:
58:
57:Nicolae Iorga
53:
49:to the Pope (
48:
43:
37:
33:
19:
5245:Vetus Latina
5243:
5226:
5179:Jewish canon
5174:Antilegomena
5076:Poetic Books
5072:Wisdom books
5050:Subdivisions
4963:
4668: /
4593:Deuterocanon
4513:Lamentations
4493:Ecclesiastes
4400:(protocanon)
4391:Hebrew Bible
4316:
4274:
4253:
4202:William Tell
4182:Prester John
4087:
4024:
4023: /
4013:
3966:Decipherment
3951:Palaeography
3941:Bibliography
3933:Ilm al-rijāl
3932:
3924: /
3848:
3832:
3823:Schem, A. J.
3770:
3747:
3695:
3668:
3659:
3648:. Retrieved
3644:
3635:
3623:
3613:
3606:
3588:
3576:. Retrieved
3572:
3563:
3551:. Retrieved
3536:
3529:
3520:
3515:
3506:
3500:
3491:
3485:
3476:
3470:
3457:
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1861:
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1375:Christianity
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1298:
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771:Christianity
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702:Hebrew Bible
698:canonization
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654:
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595:urban legend
581:
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5199:Manuscripts
5152:Development
4954:Philippians
4824:Beta Israel
4742:4 Maccabees
4737:3 Maccabees
4651:2 Maccabees
4646:1 Maccabees
4428:Deuteronomy
4307:Linguistics
4157:King Arthur
4140:myth theory
3910:Methodology
3903:Historicity
3578:27 November
3553:23 November
3426:26 November
3404:26 November
3359:26 November
3314:23 November
3183:23 November
2959:instead of
2607:"SADDUCEES"
2571:PhD Thesis.
2519:29 November
2496:(2): 81–90.
2473:29 November
2310:24 November
2238:"The Bible"
2172:29 November
1834:"Apocrypha"
1773:Fan fiction
1691:Han dynasty
1663:Mu'tazilite
1458:Nag Hammadi
1310:4 Maccabees
1306:3 Maccabees
1228:Middle Ages
1145:3 Maccabees
909:Anabaptists
855:Great Bible
842:Reformation
828:During the
746:Therapeutae
611:Apocryphal
523:, the term
501:2 Maccabees
497:1 Maccabees
481:Anabaptists
428:" works by
274:Han dynasty
251:Anna Seidel
232:) books of
175:(away) and
159:apokryptein
153:ἀποκρύπτειν
70:, the word
5365:Categories
5287:Authorship
5217:Septuagint
5062:Pentateuch
5041:Revelation
4965:Laodiceans
4959:Colossians
4448:1–2 Samuel
4220:The Exodus
4211:Events and
4187:Robin Hood
4162:King David
4120:The Buddha
3983:Provenance
3650:2020-01-23
3547:1563383403
3353:New Advent
3249:080102790X
3087:Engravings
3049:1 December
1984:Apocrypha.
1959:Apocryphal
1955:Apocryphal
1889:required.)
1855:required.)
1814:References
1659:Kharijites
1644:Kharijites
1200:Athanasius
1173:Septuagint
1069:Canonicity
1035:Tertullian
934:The first
808:See also:
738:Pentateuch
722:Samaritans
706:Oral Torah
675:Christians
629:bas relief
617:Pāli Canon
582:apocryphal
525:apocryphal
414:protocanon
377:Tertullian
248:Sinologist
203:apocryphal
147:apokryphos
138:adjective
131:apocryphus
128:adjective
72:apocryphal
18:Apocryphal
5371:Apocrypha
5126:Johannine
4986:2 Timothy
4981:1 Timothy
4949:Ephesians
4944:Galatians
4732:Psalm 151
4600:apocrypha
4578:Zechariah
4568:Zephaniah
4453:1–2 Kings
4418:Leviticus
4275:Apocrypha
4026:Mutawatir
3956:Philology
3862:canonical
3269:Routledge
2961:apocrypha
2906:19 August
2738:Zondervan
2651:cite book
2643:828886896
2436:Zondervan
2034:704859621
1819:Citations
1803:See also
1791:See also
1754:Lost work
1710:Ch'an-wei
1687:Ch'an-wei
1483:in their
1371:heterodox
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1168:Apocrypha
1137:Psalm 151
1118:Masoretic
1095:apocrypha
936:Methodist
877:canonical
869:(1611)".
790:Apocrypha
734:Sadducees
718:Pharisees
714:Sadducees
692:Although
671:canonized
466:apocrypha
410:Palestine
385:Augustine
321:apocrypha
308:αποκρυφος
291:, in his
285:Apocrypha
259:artifacts
234:Zoroaster
217:disciples
208:ἀπόκρυφος
201:The word
190:apocrypha
186:apocrypha
184:The word
141:ἀπόκρυφος
120:Etymology
79:scripture
76:canonical
64:Apocrypha
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5340:Category
5239:Peshitta
5136:Catholic
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5116:Epistles
5109:Synoptic
4996:Philemon
4809:2 Baruch
4796:Peshitta
4770:Jubilees
4722:2 Esdras
4717:1 Esdras
4612:Catholic
4563:Habakkuk
4508:Jeremiah
4488:Proverbs
4468:Nehemiah
4337:Category
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4177:Muhammad
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3992:Criteria
3825:(1879).
3596:Archived
3305:Archived
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3094:21 April
3009:21 April
2691:Archived
2673:Archived
2565:Archived
2408:Archived
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1743:See also
1675:Quranism
1636:Muhammad
1420:and the
1155:Disputes
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1061:and the
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1020:. While
991:Catholic
911:use the
893:per the
601:Buddhism
587:folklore
566:80 books
508:Reformed
483:use the
468:and the
452:and the
450:2 Esdras
446:1 Esdras
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229:ἀπόκρυφα
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213:esoteric
178:kryptein
108:and the
5312:Studies
5280:Related
5251:Vulgate
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5016:2 Peter
5011:1 Peter
5001:Hebrews
4904:Matthew
4794:Syriac
4680:Susanna
4583:Malachi
4543:Obadiah
4518:Ezekiel
4423:Numbers
4408:Genesis
4381:of the
4302:Legends
4268:Related
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4064:Gospels
3866:Gnostic
3853:. 1905.
3746:(ed.).
3736::
3718:Sources
2591:12 June
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1367:Gnostic
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635:Judaism
615:of the
613:Jatakas
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430:Rufinus
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221:Gnostic
219:of the
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5031:3 John
5026:2 John
5021:1 John
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4882:Jewish
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4661:Sirach
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1471:. The
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389:Jerome
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4047:Texts
3308:(PDF)
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3406:2015
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