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invertebrates, seeds, grubs, and many varieties of worms. They also may eat fruit, small crayfish, eels and amphibians. Because their nostrils are located at the end of their long beaks, kiwi can locate insects and worms underground using their keen sense of smell, without actually seeing or feeling them. This sense of smell is due to a highly developed olfactory chamber and surrounding regions. It is a common belief that the kiwi relies solely on its sense of smell to catch prey but this has not been scientifically observed. Lab experiments have suggested that
1051:, first identified as a new species in 1994, is slightly smaller than the North Island brown kiwi, with a greyish tinge to the plumage and sometimes white facial feathers. Females lay up to three eggs in a season, each one in a different nest. Male and female both incubate. Distribution is now limited to a small area on the West Coast, but studies of ancient DNA have shown that, in prehuman times, it was far more widespread on the western side of the South Island and lived in the lower half of the North Island, where it was the only kiwi species detected.
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1383:, in which both parents are involved. The incubation period is 63–92 days. Producing the huge egg places significant physiological stress on the female; for the thirty days it takes to grow the fully developed egg, the female must eat three times her normal amount of food. Two to three days before the egg is laid there is little space left inside the female for her stomach and she is forced to fast.
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1626:. Kiwi eggs and chicks are removed from the wild and hatched and/or raised in captivity until big enough to fend for themselves—usually when they weigh around 1200 grams (42 ounces). They are then returned to the wild. An Operation Nest Egg bird has a 65% chance of surviving to adulthood—compared to just 5% for wild-hatched and -raised chicks. The tool is used on all kiwi species except
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1390:-like ancestors, and that kiwi retained large eggs as an evolutionarily neutral trait as they became smaller. However, research in the early 2010s suggested that kiwi were descended from smaller flighted birds that flew to New Zealand and Madagascar, where they gave rise to kiwi and elephant birds. The large egg is instead thought to be an adaptation for
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kiwi chicks. These predators can cause large and abrupt declines in populations. In particular, dogs find the distinctive strong scent of kiwi irresistible and easy to track, such that they can catch and kill kiwi in seconds. Motor vehicle strike is a threat to all kiwi where roads cross through their habitat. Badly set
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explaining features of New
Zealand birds. Owen portrays the kiwi as nobly sacrificing its wings and flight in order to protect the trees from depredation by ground-dwelling creatures, and thereby winning its unique renown. Owen's story is sometimes described as "A Maori Legend". It has been recorded
1644:
In 2004, anti-1080 activist
Phillip Anderton posed for the New Zealand media with a kiwi he claimed had been poisoned. An investigation revealed that Anderton lied to journalists and the public. He had used a kiwi that had been caught in a possum trap. Extensive monitoring shows that kiwi are not at
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before 2000 and still in some sources) females stand about 40 cm (16 in) tall and weigh about 2.8 kg (6.2 lb), while the males weigh about 2.2 kg (4.9 lb). The plumage is streaky red-brown and spiky. The female usually lays two eggs, which are incubated by the male. The
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The largest species, standing about 45 cm (18 in) tall, with females weighing about 3.3 kg (7.3 lb) and males about 2.4 kg (5.3 lb). It has grey-brown plumage with lighter bands. The female lays one egg a year, which both parents incubate. The population is estimated at
1660:
are responsible for approximately half of kiwi chick deaths in many areas through New
Zealand. Young kiwi chicks are vulnerable to stoat predation until they reach about 1–1.2 kg (2.2–2.6 lb) in weight, at which time they can usually defend themselves. Cats also to a lesser extent prey on
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Kiwi eggs can weigh up to one-quarter the weight of the female. Usually, only one egg is laid per season. The kiwi lays one of the largest eggs in proportion to its size of any bird in the world, so even though the kiwi is about the size of a domestic chicken, it is able to lay eggs that are about
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Nationwide studies show that only around 5–10% of kiwi chicks survive to adulthood without management. As of 2018 over 70% of kiwi populations are unmanaged. However, in areas under active pest management, survival rates for North Island brown kiwi can be far higher. For example, prior to a joint
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Once bonded, a male and female kiwi tend to live their entire lives as a monogamous couple. During the mating season, June to March, the pair call to each other at night, and meet in the nesting burrow every three days. These relationships may last for up to 20 years. They are unusual among
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Habitat destruction is another major threat to kiwi; restricted distribution and small size of some kiwi populations increases their vulnerability to inbreeding. Research has shown that the combined effect of predators and other mortality (accidents, etc.) results in less than 5% of kiwi chicks
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in New
Zealand under no environmental stress had ocular lesions in one or both eyes. The same experiment examined three specific specimens that showed complete blindness and found them to be in good physical standing outside of ocular abnormalities. A 2018 study revealed that the kiwi's closest
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Almost as big as the great spotted kiwi and similar in appearance to the brown kiwi, though its plumage is lighter in colour. It is relatively numerous. Ancient DNA studies have shown that, in prehuman times, the distribution of this species included the east coast of the South Island. Several
670:, a migratory bird that winters in the tropical Pacific islands. With its long decurved bill and brown body, the curlew resembles the kiwi. So when the first Polynesian settlers arrived, they may have applied the word kiwi to the newfound bird. The bird's name is spelled with a lower-case
1812:
The kiwi as a symbol first appeared in the late 19th century in New
Zealand regimental badges. It was later featured in the badges of the South Canterbury Battalion in 1886 and the Hastings Rifle Volunteers in 1887. Soon after, the kiwi appeared in many military badges; and in 1906, when
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and beech forests, but they are being forced to adapt to different habitat, such as sub-alpine scrub, tussock grassland, and the mountains. Kiwi have a highly developed sense of smell, unusual in a bird, and are the only birds with nostrils at the end of their long beaks. Kiwi eat small
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North Island brown has demonstrated a remarkable resilience: it adapts to a wide range of habitats, including non-native forests and some farmland. It is widespread in the northern two-thirds of the North Island and is the most common kiwi, with about 35,000 remaining.
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The kiwi has since become the best-known national symbol for New
Zealand, and the bird is prominent in the coat of arms, crests and badges of many New Zealand cities, clubs and organisations. At the national level, the red silhouette of a kiwi is in the centre of the
1394:, enabling kiwi chicks to hatch mobile and with yolk to sustain them for two and half weeks. The large eggs would be safe in New Zealand's historical absence of egg-eating ground predators, while the mobile chicks would be able to evade chick-eating flying predators.
1342:
The kiwi's mostly nocturnal habits may be a result of habitat intrusion by predators, including humans. In areas of New
Zealand where introduced predators have been removed, such as sanctuaries, kiwi are often seen in daylight. They prefer subtropical and temperate
1701:—ceremonial cloaks. Today, while kiwi feathers are still used, they are gathered from birds that die naturally, through road accidents, or predation, and from captive birds. Kiwi are no longer hunted and some Māori consider themselves the birds' guardians.
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The vestigial wings are so small as to be invisible under their bristly, hair-like, two-branched feathers. Kiwi eggs are one of the largest in proportion to body size (up to 20% of the female's weight) of any order of bird in the world. Other unique
1240:, like mammals and the young of other birds. With no constraints on weight due to flight requirements, brown kiwi females carry and lay a single egg that may weigh as much as 450 g (16 oz). Like most other ratites, they have no
4855:
Le Duc, D., G. Renaud, A. Krishnan, M.S. Almen, L. Huynen, S. J. Prohaska, M. Ongyerth, B. D. Bitarello, H. B. Schioth, M. Hofreiter, et al. 2015. Kiwi genome provides insights into the evolution of a nocturnal lifestyle. Genome
Biology
1295:). The sight of the kiwi is so underdeveloped that blind specimens have been observed in nature, showing how little they rely on sight for survival and foraging. In an experiment, it was observed that one-third of a population of
770:, found that it was smaller and probably capable of flight, supporting the hypothesis that the ancestor of the kiwi reached New Zealand independently from moas, which were already large and flightless by the time kiwi appeared.
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and cats, leading to its extinction on the mainland. There are about 1350 on Kapiti Island and it has been introduced to other predator-free islands, where it appears to be getting established with about 50 on each island.
1014:, standing 25 cm (9.8 in) tall, with the female weighing 1.3 kg (2.9 lb). She lays one egg, which is incubated by the male. This small, docile kiwi is unable to withstand predation by introduced pigs,
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wings are so small that they are invisible under the bristly, hair-like, two-branched feathers. While most adult birds have bones with hollow insides to minimise weight and make flight practicable, kiwi have
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A kiwi has featured on the reverse side of three New
Zealand coins: the one florin (two-shilling) coin from 1933 to 1966, the twenty-cent coin from 1967 to 1990, and the one-dollar coin since 1991. In
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A song, "Sticky Beak the Kiwi", with words by Bob
Edwards and music by Neil Roberts, was recorded in 1961, sung by Julie Nelson (aged 14) and accompanied by the Satins and the Don Bell Orchestra of
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of kiwi, such as short and stout legs and using their nostrils at the end of their long beak to detect prey before they see it, have helped the bird to become internationally well known.
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2019:. Opinions and Declarations Rendered by the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature. Vol. 1B. London: International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature. p. 179.
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Burbidge, M.L., Colbourne, R.M., Robertson, H.A., and Baker, A.J. (2003). Molecular and other biological evidence supports the recognition of at least three species of brown kiwi.
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Kinsky, F.C., (1971). The consistent presence of paired ovaries in the Kiwi (Apteryx) with some discussion of this condition in other birds. Journal of Ornithology 112(3): 334–357.
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that in other parts of the world were filled by creatures as diverse as horses, wolves and mice were taken up by birds (and, to a lesser extent, reptiles, insects and gastropods).
3451:
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1656:, namely stoats, dogs, ferrets, and cats, are the principal threats to kiwi. The biggest threat to kiwi chicks is stoats, while dogs are the biggest threat to adult kiwi.
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The eye of the kiwi is the smallest relative to body mass in all avian species, resulting in the smallest visual field as well. The eye has small specialisations for a
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six times the size of a chicken's egg. The eggs are smooth in texture, and are ivory or greenish white. The male incubates the egg, except for the great spotted kiwi,
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Corfield, J.; Wild, J.M.; Hauber M.E. & Kubke, M.F. (2008). "Evolution of brain size in the Palaeognath lineage, with an emphasis on New Zealand ratites".
601:, but their remaining habitat is well protected in large forest reserves and national parks. At present, the greatest threat to their survival is predation by
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of the Southern Alps at an altitude of 1,500 m (4,900 ft). This form is distinguished by a more strongly downcurved bill and more rufous plumage.
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1115:, is the rarest taxon of kiwi with only about 300 individuals. It was identified as a distinct form in 1993. It occurs only in a restricted area in the
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1104:, the remote southwest part of the South Island. These subspecies of tokoeka are relatively common and are nearly 40 cm (16 in) tall.
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Efforts to protect kiwi have had some success, and in 2017 two species were downlisted from endangered to vulnerable by the IUCN. In 2018 the
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became the first zoo to keep kiwi. The first captive breeding took place in 1945. As of 2007 only 13 zoos outside New Zealand hold kiwi. The
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can rely on olfaction alone but is not consistent under natural conditions. Instead, the kiwi may rely on auditory and/or vibrotactile cues.
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1875:. A Christmas song, it portrays Sticky Beak as insisting on pulling Santa Claus's sleigh when distributing presents south of the equator.
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apologized for mistreating a kiwi, after footage of visitors patting the nocturnal bird under bright lights caused outrage in New Zealand.
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a new species of chewing louse (Insecta: Phthiraptera: Menoponidae) from the Okarito brown kiwi (Aves: Apterygiformes: Apterygidae)"
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on the southern West Coast of New Zealand, is part of Project Nest Egg, breeding the vulnerable local species of kiwi known as the
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2936:"A new prey-detection mechanism for kiwi (Apteryx spp.) suggests convergent evolution between paleognathous and neognathous birds"
1878:"How the Kiwi Lost its Wings" is a fable written by broadcaster Alwyn Owen in 1963. It uses elements of Māori mythology, such as
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During the First World War, the name "Kiwis" for New Zealand soldiers came into general use, and a giant kiwi (now known as the
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2020:
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Mitchell, K. J.; Llamas, B.; Soubrier, J.; Rawlence, N. J.; Worthy, T. H.; Wood, J.; Lee, M. S. Y.; Cooper, A. (23 May 2014).
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between 2008 and 2011, which in turn provided captive-raised chicks that were released back into Maungataniwha Native Forest.
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in England. Usage has become so widespread that all New Zealanders overseas and at home are now commonly referred to as "
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McLennan, J.A. (1988). "Breeding of North Island Brown Kiwi, Apteryx Australis Mantelli, in Hawke's Bay, New Zealand".
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DNA sequence comparisons have yielded the conclusion that kiwi are much more closely related to the extinct Malagasy
2075:
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2448:"Did small kiwi fly from Australia? – Canterbury Museum – New Zealand Natural and Human Heritage. Christchurch, NZ"
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Cooper, Alan et al. (2001). Complete mitochondrial genome sequences of two extinct moas clarify ratite evolution.
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Fitzpatrick, F.L., (1934). Unilateral and bilateral ovaries in raptorial birds. The Wilson Bulletin, 46(1): 19–22
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1199:, illustrating its distinctive features, including long beak, short legs and claws, and dark hair-like feathers.
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4219:"Survival of brown kiwi exposed to 1080 poison used for control of brushtail possums in Northland, New Zealand"
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New Zealand Embassy and Smithsonian National Zoo host handover ceremony to return kiwi feathers to New Zealand
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3480:. Fauna of New Zealand. Vol. 76. Lincoln, New Zealand: Landcare Research. pp. 39–41, 186–188, 245.
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with which they shared New Zealand. There are five recognised species, four of which are currently listed as
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2044:"Checklist of the birds of New Zealand, Norfolk and Macquarie Islands, and the Ross Dependency, Antarctica"
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Moore, Bret A.; Paul-Murphy, Joanne R.; Tennyson, Alan J. D.; Murphy, Christopher J. (15 September 2017).
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Sanctuaries for kiwi are also referred to as 'kōhanga sites' from the Māori word for 'nest' or 'nursery'.
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set up five kiwi sanctuaries focused on developing methods to protect kiwi and to increase their numbers.
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as a children's story, published as a book, was made into an animated film in 1980, set to music for the
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Forest in 2006, 32 kiwi chicks were radio-tagged. 57% of the radio-tagged chicks survived to adulthood.
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of the southern brown kiwi, which he called "the southern apteryx". Captain Andrew Barclay of the ship
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Although it was long presumed that the kiwi was closely related to the other New Zealand ratites, the
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Before the arrival of humans in the 13th century or earlier, New Zealand's only endemic mammals were
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Davies, S.J.J.F. (2003). "8 Birds I Tinamous and Ratites to Hoatzins". In Hutchins, Michael (ed.).
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2767:"Blind free-living kiwi offer a unique window into the ecology and evolution of vertebrate vision"
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Latin Names Explained. A Guide to the Scientific Classifications of Reptiles, Birds & Mammals
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2126:"Ancient DNA reveals elephant birds and kiwi are sister taxa and clarifies ratite bird evolution"
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Ancient DNA and conservation: lessons from the endangered kiwi of New Zealand Molecular Ecology
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provided Shaw with the specimen. Shaw's description was accompanied by two plates, engraved by
1618:
Operation Nest Egg is a programme run by the BNZ Save the Kiwi Trust—a partnership between the
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over 20,000, distributed through the more mountainous parts of northwest Nelson, the northern
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gland). Their bill is long, pliable and sensitive to touch, and their eyes have a reduced
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Clay, Theresa (1960). "A new genus and species of Menoponidae (Mallophaga, Insecta) from
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2013:"Opinion 67. One hundred and two bird names placed in the Official List of Generic Names"
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3085:"Is Laying a Large Egg Expensive? Female-Biased Cost of First Reproduction in a Petrel"
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1981:
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1311:, which are generally small-brained by bird standards, kiwi have proportionally large
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lifestyle, but kiwi rely more heavily on their other senses (auditory, olfactory, and
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2825:"Study: Elephant Birds were Nocturnal, Possibly Blind | Paleontology | Sci-News.com"
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other birds in that, along with some raptors, they have a functioning pair of
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was widely sold in the UK and the US, the symbol became more widely known.
112:
4592:"'Sticky Beak the kiwi' song | NZHistory, New Zealand history online"
3177:
3053:
1355:
7836:
7684:
7674:
7511:
7385:
7358:
7310:
6673:
6443:
6173:
6148:
6094:
6005:
5977:
5867:
5831:
5823:
5805:
5700:
5685:
5669:
5416:
5379:
5212:
1372:
1360:
1344:
1245:
436:
170:
85:
80:
65:
60:
50:
4643:"Māori Legend: How the kiwi bird lost his wings – a story by Alwyn Owen"
3486:
2744:(2nd ed.). Farmington Hills, Michigan: Gale Group. pp. 89–90.
2686:
2090:
1522:
and fenced sanctuaries have significant populations of kiwi, including:
1375:, the right ovary never matures, so that only the left is functional.)
1203:
Their adaptation to a terrestrial life is extensive: like all the other
7910:
7525:
7491:
7421:
7376:
7288:
7165:
6353:
6206:
6085:
5970:
5936:
5874:
5695:
5549:
5541:
5234:
5106:
5091:
5081:
4924:
3112:
1837:
1694:
1368:
1316:
1277:
1253:
1228:
1208:
1204:
763:
627:
551:
100:
75:
4994:
3517:
Role of predation in the decline of kiwi, Apteryx spp., in New Zealand
2867:
2161:
7923:
6667:
6617:
6483:
6422:
6198:
6190:
6119:
6059:
5943:
5881:
5764:
5431:
5426:
5304:
4838:
spp.) recovery plan 2008–2018. (Threatened Species Recovery Plan 60)"
3478:
Phthiraptera (Insecta) A catalogue of parasitic lice from New Zealand
3201:
Extraordinary Animals: An Encyclopedia of Curious and Unusual Animals
2284:
2080:
1281:
683:
547:
160:
7813:
745:, and among extant ratites, the kiwi is more closely related to the
7897:
3692:
1057:
6369:
6156:
5719:
4913:
1803:
1676:
1594:
1427:
1354:
1190:
1170:
1015:
778:
There are five known species of kiwi, with a number of subspecies.
2387:"Little kiwi, huge extinct elephant bird were birds of a feather"
2230:"Kiwis/Kiwi – New Zealand Immigration Service (Summary of Terms)"
6679:
6345:
5712:
5675:
5645:
5059:
5025:
1685:, showing the distinctive hair-like nature of the kiwi feathers.
1397:
1386:
It was believed that the large eggs were a trait of much larger
1265:
180:
7817:
7730:
7234:
6819:
6660:
6621:
5509:
4998:
2638:
2636:
7345:
6467:
5324:
5086:
4400:
Gibson, Eloise (29 April 2010). "Shy envoys off on their OE".
2598:. New Zealand Department of Conservation (DOC). Archived from
1896:
1693:
traditionally believed that kiwi were under the protection of
1482:
Moehau Kiwi Sanctuary on the Coromandel Peninsula (Coromandel
1387:
1323:, though there is no evidence of similarly complex behaviour.
1212:
746:
730:
582:
571:
555:
525:
493:
416:
410:
3693:"About Us – Whangarei Native Bird Recovery Centre, Whangarei"
2991:
1432:
Traffic sign in New Zealand cautioning drivers of nearby kiwi
716:
710:
704:
698:
1895:
by Thomas Goss as "Tāne and the Kiwi" in 2002 (recorded for
4759:"The Royal New Zealand Ballet presents – Tāne and the Kiwi"
4449:"Miami zoo apologises for mistreatment of iconic kiwi bird"
3834:"Kiwis for kiwi, protecting our national bird – About Rowi"
1982:"Systema Naturae 2000 / Classification, Family Apterygidae"
648:
is generally accepted to be "of imitative origin" from the
487:
472:
4476:
Lessons From a Land Down Under: Devotions from New Zealand
3156:
2106:
Grzimek's Animal Life Ecyclopedia (Vol 8: Birds1. 2nd ed.)
484:
3174:"The Kiwi Bird, New Zealand's Indigenous Flightless Bird"
528:
516:
481:
463:
4896:, New Zealand Department of Conservation, archived from
4617:"New Zealand Maori Legend – How the Kiwi Lost his Wings"
3808:"Tongariro Forest Kiwi Sanctuary :: Kiwis for kiwi"
3433:(Insecta: Phthiraptera: Ischnocera) Parasitic on Kiwis (
2258:
The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language
597:. All species have been negatively affected by historic
3282:(Insecta: Phthiraptera: Amblycera) Parasitic on Kiwis (
4562:"Kiwi falls after Wheeler talks down intervention, QE"
1472:
There are three kiwi sanctuaries in the North Island:
1315:. Hemisphere proportions are even similar to those of
4288:, New Zealand Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade,
3631:"Brown kiwi and rowi no longer considered endangered"
2309:
2307:
534:
531:
460:
425:
413:
407:
7680:
7642:
7600:
7585:
7453:
7443:
7433:
7342:
7316:
7306:
7296:
7257:
7153:
7143:
7090:
7059:
7027:
6974:
6958:
6889:
6873:
6862:
6851:
737:
have identified its closest relative as the extinct
522:
519:
490:
478:
469:
466:
7826:
7657:
7629:
7599:
7569:
7560:
7501:
7467:
7420:
7375:
7341:
7287:
7256:
7247:
7183:
7134:
7089:
7058:
7026:
6973:
6943:
6888:
6832:
6775:
6748:
6721:
6694:
6442:
6397:
6336:
6307:
6278:
6257:
6218:
6181:
6172:
6139:
6102:
6093:
6084:
6029:
5953:
5912:
5850:
5822:
5798:
5774:
5747:
5668:
5655:
5616:
5585:
5524:
5440:
5343:
5243:
5193:
5120:
5050:
4188:"Poison campaigner fined after using kiwi in stunt"
3368:, and their Significance; with a Note on the Genus
1304:, also shared this trait despite their great size.
513:
475:
404:
4979:"1080 and kiwi – Case studies on 1080: The facts"
2574:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22678129A92756395.en
2528:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22678132A92756666.en
1573:, south branch, Hurunui River, North Canterbury (
620:, and the association is so strong that the term
8050:Higher-level bird taxa restricted to New Zealand
4077:"Otanewainuku Kiwi Trust :: Kiwis for kiwi"
1645:risk from the use of biodegradable 1080 poison.
756:Research published in 2013 on an extinct genus,
4951:"North Island Brown Kiwi feeding in the wild",
4686:"How The Kiwi Lost Its Wings | Whitcoulls"
3957:"Relocating chicks to kōhanga – Kiwis for kiwi"
3752:"Our Kiwi Sanctuary – Moehau Environment Group"
3579:
3577:
3550:
3548:
3546:
3544:
1581:North Island brown kiwi were introduced to the
652:. However, some linguists derive the word from
450:. The five extant species fall into the family
4843:. Wellington: Department of Conservation. 2008
2232:. Glossary.immigration.govt.nz. Archived from
2119:
2117:
2115:
6633:
5010:
3987:"Sanctuary Mountain Maungatautari – About us"
1489:Tongariro Kiwi Sanctuary near Taupō (western
1456:released its current Kiwi Conservation Plan.
656:
8:
4711:"New Scan of How Kiwi Lost Its Wings (1980)"
4664:"Peter Gwynne – How The Kiwi Lost His Wings"
4387:Zoo and Wild Animal Medicine Current Therapy
3060:. Te Ara – the Encyclopedia of New Zealand.
4310:Shaw, George; Nodder, Frederick P. (1813).
3325:Palma, Ricardo L.; Price, Roger D. (2004).
2619:
2617:
1903:in 2008), and performed as a ballet by the
1882:, and the World War I symbol of cowardice,
643:
7814:
7727:
7635:
7566:
7426:
7350:
7253:
7244:
7231:
7180:
6951:
6844:
6840:
6829:
6816:
6754:
6727:
6700:
6691:
6657:
6640:
6626:
6618:
6178:
6099:
6090:
6081:
5819:
5665:
5652:
5613:
5609:
5582:
5521:
5517:
5506:
5502:
5017:
5003:
4995:
3168:
3166:
2623:Shepherd, L.D. & Lambert, D.M. (2008)
1844:. The kiwi is featured in the logo of the
1777:Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute
626:is used internationally as the colloquial
341:
111:
31:
4385:Fowler, Murray E; Miller, R Eric (2007),
3485:
3346:
3111:
2967:
2800:
2782:
2735:
2733:
2731:
2729:
2727:
2572:
2526:
2160:
1622:, the Department of Conservation and the
350:The distribution of each species of kiwi
4941:, New Zealand Government, archived from
4938:Te Ara – the Encyclopedia of New Zealand
4186:Macbrayne, Rosaleen (3 September 2004).
2338:. Statistics New Zealand. Archived from
2261:(4th ed.), Houghton Mifflin, 2006,
1624:Royal Forest and Bird Protection Society
1475:Whangarei Kiwi Sanctuary (for Northland
1081:The Stewart Island southern brown kiwi,
932:
4389:, Elsevier Health Sciences, p. 215
4047:"Bushy Park bird list Jan 2019 (1).pdf"
3597:Threatened species recovery plan series
2897:Kolbert, Elizabeth (22 December 2014).
1969:
1949:
4357:New Zealand Department of Conservation
3864:"Haast Tokoeka :: Kiwis for kiwi"
3251:Annals and Magazine of Natural History
2365:. London: Facts on File. p. 179.
1850:New Zealand national rugby league team
1731:; they were published in volume 24 of
4968:, Taranaki Kiwi Trust, archived from
4428:from the original on 24 November 2016
4292:from the original on 20 November 2012
4265:from the original on 12 December 2008
4198:from the original on 20 November 2012
3951:
3949:
3904:from the original on 27 February 2021
3716:
3714:
3562:from the original on 20 February 2018
3509:
3507:
3457:from the original on 11 November 2011
3306:from the original on 11 November 2011
2911:from the original on 16 December 2014
2596:"Rowi: New Zealand native land birds"
2484:from the original on 14 February 2012
2265:from the original on 23 November 2007
1824:) was carved on the chalk hill above
1808:The kiwi on an 1898 New Zealand stamp
1761:Avifauna Bird Park in the Netherlands
7:
7986:ff1660c3-ab1e-4df7-ab8c-e9659abd8ddf
6576:
4330:from the original on 7 November 2017
4087:from the original on 1 February 2021
3874:from the original on 2 February 2021
3788:from the original on 7 February 2021
3758:from the original on 26 January 2021
3732:from the original on 31 January 2021
3699:from the original on 6 February 2021
3530:from the original on 6 February 2013
3408:from the original on 7 November 2017
2835:from the original on 4 November 2018
2829:Breaking Science News | Sci-News.com
2397:from the original on 4 February 2016
2023:from the original on 19 January 2020
1992:from the original on 5 November 2007
1975:
1973:
1863:is often referred to as "the kiwi".
1441:operation undertaken by DOC and the
6600:
4217:Robertson, HA; et al. (1999).
2934:; Alley, Maurice (1 October 2007).
2712:from the original on 3 January 2009
2560:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
2514:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
2474:"Great Spotted Kiwi Classification"
2450:. Canterbury Museum. Archived from
2210:from the original on 6 October 2008
2017:Facsimile Edition of Opinions 1–133
1599:The West Coast Wildlife Centre, at
856:
797:
789:
781:
4350:"Captive management plan for kiwi"
4255:"Kiwi and people: early history",
3064:from the original on 12 April 2019
2742:Grzimek's Animal Life Encyclopedia
2654:from the original on 11 March 2017
1096:) and southern Fiordland tokoeka (
25:
5478:Late Quaternary prehistoric birds
4957:(daylight video), 21 January 2010
4621:hoopermuseum.earthsci.carleton.ca
4147:from the original on 3 March 2021
4027:from the original on 5 March 2021
3997:from the original on 5 March 2021
3967:from the original on 2 March 2021
3844:from the original on 2 March 2021
3810:. 5 November 2012. Archived from
3673:from the original on 4 March 2021
3514:JA McLennan; et al. (1996),
3131:from the original on 8 March 2021
3000:from the original on 10 June 2015
2428:from the original on 28 July 2019
2293:from the original on 24 July 2011
2286:Polynesian Lexicon Project Online
2056:from the original on 16 June 2013
1980:Brands, Sheila (14 August 2008).
1537:Maungatautari Restoration Project
1187:) at Auckland War Memorial Museum
1175:Clockwise from left: brown kiwi (
1107:The Haast southern brown kiwi or
8070:Extant Miocene first appearances
7798:
7797:
7713:
7707:
7216:
6599:
6587:
6575:
6564:
6563:
6454:(New World vultures and condors)
4733:"Thomas GOSS: Tāne and the Kiwi"
4572:from the original on 4 June 2013
4493:from the original on 3 July 2021
4366:from the original on 23 May 2010
4057:from the original on 3 July 2021
3934:from the original on 4 June 2020
3643:from the original on 26 May 2018
3226:from the original on 24 May 2021
2952:10.1111/j.1469-7580.2007.00786.x
2644:"Apteryx australis (brown kiwi)"
1917:
1529:fenced sanctuary in Wellington (
1126:
1092:The northern Fiordland tokoeka (
1056:
1024:
988:
953:
509:
456:
400:
137:
8065:National symbols of New Zealand
4447:Ritchie, Hannah (24 May 2023).
4171:, Save the wiki, archived from
3588:; et al. (November 2018).
3216:"Why Is the Kiwi's Egg So Big?"
3098:(3). BioOne Complete: 510–516.
2700:BirdLife International (2008).
2549:BirdLife International (2016).
2503:BirdLife International (2016).
2320:, Save the kiwi, archived from
2049:(4th ed.). Te Papa Press.
2011:Hemming, Francis, ed. (1958) .
1893:Auckland Philharmonia Orchestra
1800:National symbols of New Zealand
1681:Detail of the bottom edge of a
1665:traps often kill or maim kiwi.
542:). Approximately the size of a
3722:"The Regions – Kiwis for kiwi"
3590:"Kiwi Recovery Plan 2018-2028"
3558:. Department of Conservation.
3444:New Zealand Journal of Science
3335:New Zealand Journal of Zoology
3293:New Zealand Journal of Science
3214:Dean, Sam (25 February 2015).
2675:New Zealand Journal of Ecology
1773:National Zoo in Washington, DC
1654:Introduced mammalian predators
1:
3348:10.1080/03014223.2004.9518361
2856:Brain, Behavior and Evolution
1956:Some petrels may exceed this.
1520:mainland conservation islands
1498:and two in the South Island:
1307:Unlike virtually every other
616:The kiwi is recognised as an
8055:Endemic birds of New Zealand
4721:– via www.youtube.com.
4674:– via www.discogs.com.
4566:The National Business Review
4137:"kōhanga – Māori Dictionary"
3362:Harrison, Launcelot (1915).
2361:Gotch, AF (1995) . "Kiwis".
1231:to anchor wing muscles. The
1039:, rowi or Okarito brown kiwi
711:
699:
6518:(woodpeckers and relatives)
4538:. NZ Search. Archived from
4320:The Naturalist's Miscellany
4107:"History of Cape Sanctuary"
3556:"Facts and threats to kiwi"
1938:Conservation in New Zealand
1842:Royal New Zealand Air Force
1733:The Naturalist's Miscellany
1078:subspecies are recognised:
1010:A small kiwi the size of a
923:Relationships in the genus
369:Iredale & Mathews, 1926
8091:
6380:(cormorants and relatives)
5473:Extinct species since 1500
4641:Jones, Nina (1 May 2020).
4422:Smithsonian's National Zoo
4261:, New Zealand Government,
3476:Palma, Ricardo L. (2017).
3083:Sanz-Aguilar, Ana (2012).
3052:Kerry-Jayne, Kerry-Jayne.
3037:"Wilderness New Zealand",
2706:BirdLife Species Factsheet
1797:
1637:
1466:Department of Conservation
1454:Department of Conservation
1183:) and great spotted kiwi (
717:
705:
678:origin, normally stays as
8075:Taxa named by George Shaw
7793:
7739:
7726:
7704:
7638:
7429:
7353:
7243:
7230:
7213:
7179:
6954:
6847:
6843:
6828:
6815:
6757:
6730:
6703:
6690:
6656:
6559:
6510:(kingfishers and rollers)
6364:(albatrosses and petrels)
6248:(swifts and hummingbirds)
6230:(nightjars and relatives)
6080:
6054:(pheasants and relatives)
5612:
5581:
5520:
5516:
5505:
5501:
5037:
4918:, BNZ Save The Kiwi Trust
4359:. June 2004. p. 10.
3391:10.1017/S0031182000010428
3263:10.1080/00222936008651059
3009:, formerly Kiwi Recovery.
2784:10.1186/s12915-017-0424-0
2336:"Plurals in te reo Māori"
2104:Davies, S.J.J.F. (2004).
1852:are nicknamed the Kiwis.
1781:Columbus Zoo and Aquarium
1769:San Diego Zoo Safari Park
1729:Frederick Polydore Nodder
1640:1080 usage in New Zealand
1549:near Kai Iwi, Whanganui (
1547:Bushy Park Forest Reserve
1313:encephalisation quotients
1113:Apteryx australis 'Haast'
895:
878:
861:
854:
819:
802:
795:
787:
361:
354:
349:
340:
290:
285:
269:
262:
134:Scientific classification
132:
119:
110:
34:
6409:(seriemas and relatives)
6388:(pelicans and relatives)
4873:, ARKive, archived from
2567:: e.T22678129A92756395.
2521:: e.T22678132A92756666.
1986:Project: The Taxonomicon
1905:Royal New Zealand Ballet
1846:New Zealand Rugby League
1705:Scientific documentation
1669:surviving to adulthood.
1501:Okarito Kiwi Sanctuary (
1371:. (In most birds and in
1179:), little spotted kiwi (
1098:Apteryx australis ?
1094:Apteryx australis ?
1083:Apteryx australis lawryi
1071:, tokoeka or common kiwi
725:Taxonomy and systematics
654:Proto-Nuclear Polynesian
546:, kiwi are the smallest
6502:(hornbills and hoopoes)
6417:(falcons and relatives)
4517:17 January 2014 at the
4316:. The Southern Apteryx"
4241:13 January 2015 at the
2478:University of Wisconsin
2153:10.1126/science.1251981
2087:Oxford University Press
1571:Hurunui Mainland Island
1424:Status and conservation
1300:relatives, the extinct
1143:North Island brown kiwi
709:), 'without' or 'not';
658:
334:North Island brown kiwi
121:North Island brown kiwi
6486:(trogons and quetzals)
6298:(cranes and relatives)
5568:(emus and cassowaries)
5458:Glossary of bird terms
5270:Confuciusornithiformes
4867:"Great Spotted Kiwi",
4479:. Lulu. pp. 3–4.
4403:The New Zealand Herald
4245:, Whakatane Kiwi Trust
4192:The New Zealand Herald
4017:"Birds | Our Wildlife"
3928:www.visitzealandia.com
3636:The New Zealand Herald
3427:Clay, Theresa (1972).
3276:Tandan, B. K. (1972).
3104:10.1525/auk.2012.12011
1809:
1686:
1673:Relationship to humans
1608:
1508:Haast Kiwi Sanctuary (
1433:
1363:
1272:, no tail and a small
1260:, and they have large
1252:. Their feathers lack
1200:
1188:
1087:Stewart Island/Rakiura
668:bristle-thighed curlew
644:
8007:Paleobiology Database
6327:(kagu and sunbittern)
6290:(gulls and relatives)
5295:Songlingornithiformes
5260:Omnivoropterygiformes
4893:Native animals: birds
4790:Conservation Genetics
4225:on 29 September 2011.
4141:maoridictionary.co.nz
3924:"Little Spotted Kiwi"
3584:J Germano; S Barlow;
2702:"Northern Brown Kiwi"
2083:UK English Dictionary
1807:
1680:
1598:
1431:
1359:Relative size of the
1358:
1327:Behaviour and ecology
1194:
1174:
983:of the South Island.
674:and, being a word of
605:mammalian predators.
6149:Phoenicopteriformes
4890:"Land birds: Kiwi",
4690:www.whitcoulls.co.nz
4326:. Plates 1057–1058.
4081:www.kiwisforkiwi.org
3961:www.kiwisforkiwi.org
3868:www.kiwisforkiwi.org
3838:www.kiwisforkiwi.org
3778:"Operation Nest Egg"
3726:www.kiwisforkiwi.org
3663:"Our work with kiwi"
3199:Piper, Ross (2007),
3159:on 24 September 2011
2648:Animal Diversity Web
2093:on 27 February 2020.
1933:Birds of New Zealand
1901:Orchestra Wellington
1794:As a national symbol
1561:Bay of Plenty Region
1406:and in the subgenus
1333:three species of bat
1293:somatosensory system
1284:is long and narrow.
664:Numenius tahitiensis
630:for New Zealanders.
550:(which also include
325:Southern brown kiwi
6120:Mesitornithiformes
6114:(doves and pigeons)
5448:Families and orders
5310:Ichthyornithiformes
5285:Patagopterygiformes
4965:Pests & threats
4568:. 27 October 2012.
4175:on 3 September 2011
3639:. 5 December 2017.
3180:on 10 February 2010
3054:"Petrels, Breeding"
3039:Official Guide Book
2930:Cunningham, Susan;
2602:on 19 February 2013
2145:2014Sci...344..898M
2108:. Gale. p. 89.
1719:species description
1628:little spotted kiwi
1620:Bank of New Zealand
1557:Otanewainuku Forest
1531:little spotted kiwi
1443:Animal Health Board
1069:Southern brown kiwi
1001:Little spotted kiwi
768:Saint Bathans Fauna
618:icon of New Zealand
316:Okarito brown kiwi
307:Little spotted kiwi
298:Great spotted kiwi
6462:(eagles and hawks)
6362:Procellariiformes
6267:Opisthocomiformes
6236:Steatornithiformes
5463:List by population
5300:Hongshanornithidae
5225:Evolution of birds
4989:on 2 December 2011
4814:"Producing an Egg"
4424:. 7 October 2016.
4168:Operation Nest Egg
4117:on 18 January 2015
3814:on 5 November 2012
2940:Journal of Anatomy
2391:The Times of India
1867:In popular culture
1861:New Zealand dollar
1810:
1757:Walsrode Bird Park
1687:
1612:Operation Nest Egg
1609:
1575:great spotted kiwi
1518:A number of other
1434:
1416:) are exclusively
1364:
1280:is weak and their
1201:
1189:
966:Great spotted kiwi
662:, which refers to
8022:
8021:
7994:Open Tree of Life
7820:Taxon identifiers
7811:
7810:
7789:
7788:
7722:
7721:
7702:
7701:
7698:
7697:
7694:
7693:
7556:
7555:
7416:
7415:
7337:
7336:
7261:Opisthodactylidae
7237:Notopalaeognathae
7226:
7225:
7211:
7210:
7207:
7206:
7203:
7202:
7185:Notopalaeognathae
7175:
7174:
6939:
6938:
6811:
6810:
6807:
6806:
6803:
6802:
6799:
6798:
6795:
6794:
6615:
6614:
6555:
6554:
6551:
6550:
6547:
6546:
6543:
6542:
6539:
6538:
6535:
6534:
6531:
6530:
6527:
6526:
6348:(loons or divers)
6317:Phaethontiformes
6309:Phaethontimorphae
6259:Opisthocomiformes
6228:Caprimulgiformes
6168:
6167:
6157:Podicipediformes
6076:
6075:
6072:
6071:
6068:
6067:
5794:
5793:
5577:
5576:
5534:Struthioniformes
5402:Waterfowl hunting
5335:Gastornithiformes
5330:Aepyornithiformes
5320:Lithornithiformes
4900:on 3 October 2009
4713:. 28 October 2021
4596:nzhistory.govt.nz
4536:About New Zealand
4314:Apteryx australis
4236:"Threats to Kiwi"
3782:Project Tongariro
3497:978-0-947525-19-4
3487:10.7931/J2/FNZ.76
3364:"Mallophaga from
3329:Apterygon okarito
3203:, Greenwood Press
2868:10.1159/000111456
2751:978-0-7876-5784-0
2372:978-0-8160-3377-5
2342:on 18 August 2017
2139:(6186): 898–900.
1779:has one, and the
1420:of kiwi species.
1337:ecological niches
1195:1860s drawing of
1177:Apteryx australis
1164:
1163:
1138:Apteryx australis
1064:Apteryx australis
927:
919:
918:
910:
909:
843:
842:
834:
833:
762:, known from the
753:than to the moa.
393:
392:
388:
379:
370:
335:
326:
321:Apteryx australis
317:
308:
299:
272:Apteryx australis
258:
239:
222:
16:(Redirected from
8082:
8045:Flightless birds
8015:
8014:
8002:
8001:
7989:
7988:
7979:
7978:
7966:
7965:
7953:
7952:
7940:
7939:
7927:
7926:
7914:
7913:
7901:
7900:
7888:
7887:
7875:
7874:
7862:
7861:
7860:
7847:
7846:
7845:
7815:
7801:
7800:
7752:Incognitoolithus
7728:
7717:
7712:
7711:
7682:
7644:
7636:
7602:
7587:
7567:
7455:
7445:
7435:
7427:
7351:
7346:Dinornithiformes
7344:
7318:
7308:
7298:
7259:
7254:
7245:
7232:
7221:
7220:
7181:
7155:
7145:
7092:
7061:
7029:
6976:
6960:
6952:
6946:Struthioniformes
6891:
6875:
6864:
6853:
6845:
6841:
6830:
6817:
6755:
6728:
6701:
6692:
6685:
6684:
6658:
6642:
6635:
6628:
6619:
6603:
6602:
6591:
6579:
6578:
6567:
6566:
6519:
6511:
6503:
6495:
6492:Leptosomiformes
6487:
6479:
6471:
6463:
6460:Accipitriformes
6455:
6434:
6433:(perching birds)
6426:
6418:
6410:
6389:
6381:
6373:
6365:
6357:
6354:Sphenisciformes
6349:
6328:
6320:
6299:
6291:
6288:Charadriiformes
6270:
6249:
6231:
6210:
6202:
6199:Musophagiformes
6194:
6179:
6160:
6152:
6131:
6123:
6115:
6100:
6091:
6082:
6055:
6042:
5820:
5816:
5809:
5722:
5715:
5679:
5666:
5662:
5653:
5649:
5614:
5610:
5583:
5569:
5561:
5553:
5545:
5537:
5522:
5518:
5507:
5503:
5370:Bird collections
5325:Dinornithiformes
5230:Darwin's finches
5220:Origin of flight
5160:Seabird breeding
5150:Sexual selection
5019:
5012:
5005:
4996:
4990:
4985:, archived from
4973:
4958:
4946:
4930:
4919:
4908:
4907:
4905:
4885:
4884:
4882:
4852:
4850:
4848:
4842:
4829:
4827:
4825:
4816:. Archived from
4811:SavetheKiwi.org
4775:
4774:
4772:
4770:
4755:
4749:
4748:
4746:
4744:
4729:
4723:
4722:
4720:
4718:
4707:
4701:
4700:
4698:
4696:
4682:
4676:
4675:
4673:
4671:
4660:
4654:
4653:
4651:
4649:
4638:
4632:
4631:
4629:
4627:
4613:
4607:
4606:
4604:
4602:
4588:
4582:
4581:
4579:
4577:
4558:
4552:
4551:
4549:
4547:
4528:
4522:
4512:"A kiwi country"
4509:
4503:
4502:
4500:
4498:
4470:
4464:
4463:
4461:
4459:
4444:
4438:
4437:
4435:
4433:
4418:"Kiwi Fun Facts"
4414:
4408:
4407:
4397:
4391:
4390:
4382:
4376:
4375:
4373:
4371:
4365:
4354:
4346:
4340:
4339:
4337:
4335:
4307:
4301:
4300:
4299:
4297:
4280:
4274:
4273:
4272:
4270:
4252:
4246:
4233:
4227:
4226:
4221:. Archived from
4214:
4208:
4207:
4205:
4203:
4183:
4177:
4176:
4163:
4157:
4156:
4154:
4152:
4133:
4127:
4126:
4124:
4122:
4113:. Archived from
4103:
4097:
4096:
4094:
4092:
4073:
4067:
4066:
4064:
4062:
4043:
4037:
4036:
4034:
4032:
4013:
4007:
4006:
4004:
4002:
3983:
3977:
3976:
3974:
3972:
3953:
3944:
3943:
3941:
3939:
3920:
3914:
3913:
3911:
3909:
3890:
3884:
3883:
3881:
3879:
3860:
3854:
3853:
3851:
3849:
3830:
3824:
3823:
3821:
3819:
3804:
3798:
3797:
3795:
3793:
3774:
3768:
3767:
3765:
3763:
3748:
3742:
3741:
3739:
3737:
3718:
3709:
3708:
3706:
3704:
3689:
3683:
3682:
3680:
3678:
3659:
3653:
3652:
3650:
3648:
3627:
3621:
3620:
3594:
3581:
3572:
3571:
3569:
3567:
3552:
3539:
3538:
3537:
3535:
3529:
3522:
3511:
3502:
3501:
3489:
3473:
3467:
3466:
3464:
3462:
3456:
3441:
3429:"The Species of
3424:
3418:
3417:
3415:
3413:
3407:
3376:
3359:
3353:
3352:
3350:
3322:
3316:
3315:
3313:
3311:
3305:
3290:
3278:"The Species of
3273:
3267:
3266:
3242:
3236:
3235:
3233:
3231:
3211:
3205:
3204:
3196:
3190:
3189:
3187:
3185:
3176:. Archived from
3170:
3161:
3160:
3155:, archived from
3147:
3141:
3140:
3138:
3136:
3130:
3115:
3089:
3080:
3074:
3073:
3071:
3069:
3049:
3043:
3042:
3034:
3028:
3025:
3019:
3016:
3010:
3008:
3007:
3005:
2988:
2982:
2981:
2971:
2927:
2921:
2920:
2918:
2916:
2894:
2888:
2887:
2851:
2845:
2844:
2842:
2840:
2821:
2815:
2814:
2804:
2786:
2762:
2756:
2755:
2737:
2722:
2721:
2719:
2717:
2697:
2691:
2690:
2670:
2664:
2663:
2661:
2659:
2640:
2631:
2621:
2612:
2611:
2609:
2607:
2592:
2586:
2585:
2583:
2581:
2576:
2546:
2540:
2539:
2537:
2535:
2530:
2500:
2494:
2493:
2491:
2489:
2470:
2464:
2463:
2461:
2459:
2454:on 19 March 2014
2443:
2437:
2436:
2435:
2433:
2412:
2406:
2405:
2404:
2402:
2383:
2377:
2376:
2358:
2352:
2351:
2349:
2347:
2332:
2326:
2325:
2314:"Kiwi a Maori",
2311:
2302:
2301:
2300:
2298:
2280:
2274:
2273:
2272:
2270:
2252:
2246:
2245:
2243:
2241:
2236:on 26 April 2009
2226:
2220:
2219:
2217:
2215:
2196:
2190:
2189:
2187:
2185:
2164:
2130:
2121:
2110:
2109:
2101:
2095:
2094:
2089:. Archived from
2072:
2066:
2065:
2063:
2061:
2055:
2048:
2039:
2033:
2032:
2030:
2028:
2008:
2002:
2001:
1999:
1997:
1977:
1957:
1954:
1927:
1922:
1921:
1920:
1857:currency trading
1815:Kiwi Shoe Polish
1775:has eleven, the
1713:named the genus
1223:), they have no
1134:Apteryx mantelli
1130:
1060:
1028:
992:
957:
933:
922:
857:
798:
790:
782:
766:deposits of the
720:
719:
714:
708:
707:
702:
697:'without wing':
693:is derived from
661:
647:
566:and the extinct
544:domestic chicken
541:
540:
537:
536:
533:
530:
527:
524:
521:
518:
515:
500:
499:
496:
495:
492:
489:
486:
483:
480:
477:
474:
471:
468:
465:
462:
434:flightless birds
428:
423:
422:
419:
418:
415:
412:
409:
406:
386:
377:
368:
345:
333:
330:Apteryx mantelli
324:
315:
306:
297:
253:
234:
217:
142:
141:
126:Apteryx mantelli
115:
105:
42:
38:Temporal range:
32:
21:
8090:
8089:
8085:
8084:
8083:
8081:
8080:
8079:
8025:
8024:
8023:
8018:
8010:
8005:
7997:
7992:
7984:
7982:
7974:
7969:
7961:
7956:
7948:
7943:
7935:
7930:
7922:
7917:
7909:
7904:
7896:
7891:
7883:
7878:
7870:
7865:
7856:
7855:
7850:
7841:
7840:
7835:
7822:
7812:
7807:
7785:
7735:
7718:
7706:
7690:
7653:
7625:
7595:
7552:
7497:
7463:
7412:
7371:
7333:
7283:
7278:Opisthodactylus
7239:
7222:
7215:
7199:
7171:
7130:
7094:Ergilornithidae
7085:
7054:
7048:Galligeranoides
7022:
7010:Palaeophasianus
6995:Galligeranoides
6969:
6948:
6935:
6930:Pseudocrypturus
6884:
6837:
6824:
6791:
6771:
6744:
6717:
6711:Avemetatarsalia
6696:Avemetatarsalia
6686:
6663:
6662:
6652:
6646:
6616:
6611:
6523:
6517:
6509:
6501:
6500:Bucerotiformes
6494:(cuckoo-roller)
6493:
6485:
6477:
6469:
6461:
6453:
6452:Cathartiformes
6438:
6432:
6424:
6423:Psittaciformes
6416:
6408:
6393:
6387:
6386:Pelecaniformes
6379:
6371:
6363:
6355:
6347:
6332:
6326:
6325:Eurypygiformes
6318:
6303:
6297:
6289:
6274:
6268:
6253:
6247:
6229:
6214:
6208:
6200:
6192:
6164:
6158:
6150:
6135:
6129:
6128:Pterocliformes
6121:
6113:
6064:
6053:
6040:
6025:
5949:
5908:
5846:
5811:
5810:
5803:
5802:
5790:
5770:
5743:
5720:
5713:
5673:
5672:
5660:
5659:
5643:
5642:
5639:
5637:
5635:
5633:
5631:
5629:
5627:
5625:
5623:
5621:
5619:
5604:
5602:
5600:
5598:
5596:
5594:
5592:
5590:
5588:
5573:
5567:
5566:Casuariiformes
5559:
5558:Apterygiformes
5551:
5543:
5535:
5512:
5497:
5468:Lists by region
5436:
5346:
5339:
5280:Chaoyangiformes
5265:Jeholornithidae
5239:
5203:Origin of birds
5189:
5170:Brood parasites
5116:
5046:
5033:
5023:
4983:1080Facts.co.nz
4977:
4972:on 2 April 2012
4962:
4950:
4934:
4923:
4912:
4903:
4901:
4889:
4880:
4878:
4877:on 14 June 2007
4866:
4863:
4846:
4844:
4840:
4832:
4823:
4821:
4820:on 29 June 2007
4812:
4784:
4782:Further reading
4779:
4778:
4768:
4766:
4757:
4756:
4752:
4742:
4740:
4731:
4730:
4726:
4716:
4714:
4709:
4708:
4704:
4694:
4692:
4684:
4683:
4679:
4669:
4667:
4662:
4661:
4657:
4647:
4645:
4640:
4639:
4635:
4625:
4623:
4615:
4614:
4610:
4600:
4598:
4590:
4589:
4585:
4575:
4573:
4560:
4559:
4555:
4545:
4543:
4530:
4529:
4525:
4519:Wayback Machine
4510:
4506:
4496:
4494:
4487:
4472:
4471:
4467:
4457:
4455:
4446:
4445:
4441:
4431:
4429:
4416:
4415:
4411:
4399:
4398:
4394:
4384:
4383:
4379:
4369:
4367:
4363:
4352:
4348:
4347:
4343:
4333:
4331:
4309:
4308:
4304:
4295:
4293:
4282:
4281:
4277:
4268:
4266:
4254:
4253:
4249:
4243:Wayback Machine
4234:
4230:
4216:
4215:
4211:
4201:
4199:
4185:
4184:
4180:
4165:
4164:
4160:
4150:
4148:
4135:
4134:
4130:
4120:
4118:
4105:
4104:
4100:
4090:
4088:
4075:
4074:
4070:
4060:
4058:
4045:
4044:
4040:
4030:
4028:
4015:
4014:
4010:
4000:
3998:
3985:
3984:
3980:
3970:
3968:
3955:
3954:
3947:
3937:
3935:
3922:
3921:
3917:
3907:
3905:
3898:www.doc.govt.nz
3892:
3891:
3887:
3877:
3875:
3862:
3861:
3857:
3847:
3845:
3832:
3831:
3827:
3817:
3815:
3806:
3805:
3801:
3791:
3789:
3776:
3775:
3771:
3761:
3759:
3750:
3749:
3745:
3735:
3733:
3720:
3719:
3712:
3702:
3700:
3691:
3690:
3686:
3676:
3674:
3667:www.doc.govt.nz
3661:
3660:
3656:
3646:
3644:
3629:
3628:
3624:
3592:
3583:
3582:
3575:
3565:
3563:
3554:
3553:
3542:
3533:
3531:
3527:
3520:
3513:
3512:
3505:
3498:
3475:
3474:
3470:
3460:
3458:
3454:
3439:
3426:
3425:
3421:
3411:
3409:
3405:
3374:
3361:
3360:
3356:
3324:
3323:
3319:
3309:
3307:
3303:
3288:
3275:
3274:
3270:
3257:(33): 571–576.
3244:
3243:
3239:
3229:
3227:
3213:
3212:
3208:
3198:
3197:
3193:
3183:
3181:
3172:
3171:
3164:
3149:
3148:
3144:
3134:
3132:
3128:
3087:
3082:
3081:
3077:
3067:
3065:
3051:
3050:
3046:
3036:
3035:
3031:
3026:
3022:
3017:
3013:
3003:
3001:
2990:
2989:
2985:
2929:
2928:
2924:
2914:
2912:
2896:
2895:
2891:
2853:
2852:
2848:
2838:
2836:
2823:
2822:
2818:
2764:
2763:
2759:
2752:
2739:
2738:
2725:
2715:
2713:
2699:
2698:
2694:
2672:
2671:
2667:
2657:
2655:
2642:
2641:
2634:
2622:
2615:
2605:
2603:
2594:
2593:
2589:
2579:
2577:
2548:
2547:
2543:
2533:
2531:
2507:Apteryx haastii
2502:
2501:
2497:
2487:
2485:
2472:
2471:
2467:
2457:
2455:
2445:
2444:
2440:
2431:
2429:
2417:News in Science
2414:
2413:
2409:
2400:
2398:
2385:
2384:
2380:
2373:
2360:
2359:
2355:
2345:
2343:
2334:
2333:
2329:
2313:
2312:
2305:
2296:
2294:
2282:
2281:
2277:
2268:
2266:
2254:
2253:
2249:
2239:
2237:
2228:
2227:
2223:
2213:
2211:
2198:
2197:
2193:
2183:
2181:
2128:
2123:
2122:
2113:
2103:
2102:
2098:
2074:
2073:
2069:
2059:
2057:
2053:
2046:
2041:
2040:
2036:
2026:
2024:
2010:
2009:
2005:
1995:
1993:
1979:
1978:
1971:
1966:
1961:
1960:
1955:
1951:
1946:
1923:
1918:
1916:
1913:
1869:
1802:
1796:
1763:has three, the
1741:
1707:
1675:
1651:
1642:
1636:
1614:
1462:
1426:
1329:
1270:flight feathers
1268:. They have 13
1242:uropygial gland
1185:Apteryx haastii
1169:
961:Apteryx haastii
939:Scientific name
930:
920:
911:
844:
835:
776:
727:
689:The genus name
636:
595:near threatened
512:
508:
459:
455:
426:
403:
399:
380:
371:
327:
318:
309:
300:
294:Apteryx haastii
281:
275:
252:
233:
216:
136:
123:
106:
104:
103:
98:
93:
88:
83:
78:
73:
68:
63:
58:
53:
48:
40:
39:
36:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
8088:
8086:
8078:
8077:
8072:
8067:
8062:
8057:
8052:
8047:
8042:
8037:
8027:
8026:
8020:
8019:
8017:
8016:
8003:
7990:
7980:
7967:
7954:
7941:
7928:
7915:
7902:
7889:
7876:
7863:
7848:
7832:
7830:
7824:
7823:
7818:
7809:
7808:
7806:
7805:
7794:
7791:
7790:
7787:
7786:
7784:
7783:
7776:
7769:
7762:
7755:
7748:
7740:
7737:
7736:
7731:
7724:
7723:
7720:
7719:
7705:
7703:
7700:
7699:
7696:
7695:
7692:
7691:
7689:
7688:
7678:
7671:
7663:
7661:
7655:
7654:
7652:
7651:
7639:
7633:
7631:Casuariiformes
7627:
7626:
7624:
7623:
7616:
7608:
7606:
7604:Aepyornithidae
7597:
7596:
7594:
7593:
7583:
7575:
7573:
7564:
7558:
7557:
7554:
7553:
7551:
7550:
7543:
7536:
7529:
7522:
7515:
7507:
7505:
7499:
7498:
7496:
7495:
7488:
7481:
7473:
7471:
7465:
7464:
7462:
7461:
7451:
7441:
7430:
7424:
7418:
7417:
7414:
7413:
7411:
7410:
7403:
7396:
7389:
7381:
7379:
7373:
7372:
7370:
7369:
7362:
7354:
7348:
7339:
7338:
7335:
7334:
7332:
7331:
7324:
7314:
7304:
7293:
7291:
7285:
7284:
7282:
7281:
7274:
7265:
7263:
7251:
7241:
7240:
7235:
7228:
7227:
7224:
7223:
7214:
7212:
7209:
7208:
7205:
7204:
7201:
7200:
7198:
7197:
7196:
7195:
7189:
7187:
7177:
7176:
7173:
7172:
7170:
7169:
7162:
7151:
7140:
7138:
7132:
7131:
7129:
7128:
7121:
7118:Sinoergilornis
7114:
7107:
7099:
7097:
7087:
7086:
7084:
7083:
7076:
7068:
7066:
7056:
7055:
7053:
7052:
7044:
7036:
7034:
7024:
7023:
7021:
7020:
7013:
7006:
6999:
6991:
6983:
6981:
6971:
6970:
6968:
6967:
6955:
6949:
6944:
6941:
6940:
6937:
6936:
6934:
6933:
6926:
6919:
6912:
6905:
6897:
6895:
6893:Lithornithidae
6886:
6885:
6883:
6882:
6871:
6860:
6848:
6838:
6833:
6826:
6825:
6820:
6813:
6812:
6809:
6808:
6805:
6804:
6801:
6800:
6797:
6796:
6793:
6792:
6790:
6789:
6788:
6787:
6781:
6779:
6773:
6772:
6770:
6769:
6768:
6767:
6758:
6752:
6746:
6745:
6743:
6742:
6741:
6740:
6731:
6725:
6719:
6718:
6716:
6715:
6714:
6713:
6704:
6698:
6688:
6687:
6683:
6682:
6676:
6670:
6661:
6654:
6653:
6647:
6645:
6644:
6637:
6630:
6622:
6613:
6612:
6610:
6609:
6597:
6585:
6573:
6560:
6557:
6556:
6553:
6552:
6549:
6548:
6545:
6544:
6541:
6540:
6537:
6536:
6533:
6532:
6529:
6528:
6525:
6524:
6522:
6521:
6513:
6508:Coraciiformes
6505:
6497:
6489:
6484:Trogoniformes
6481:
6473:
6465:
6457:
6448:
6446:
6440:
6439:
6437:
6436:
6431:Passeriformes
6428:
6420:
6415:Falconiformes
6412:
6407:Cariamiformes
6403:
6401:
6395:
6394:
6392:
6391:
6383:
6375:
6370:Ciconiiformes
6367:
6359:
6351:
6342:
6340:
6334:
6333:
6331:
6330:
6322:
6313:
6311:
6305:
6304:
6302:
6301:
6293:
6284:
6282:
6280:Cursorimorphae
6276:
6275:
6273:
6272:
6263:
6261:
6255:
6254:
6252:
6251:
6243:
6238:
6233:
6224:
6222:
6216:
6215:
6213:
6212:
6204:
6196:
6187:
6185:
6176:
6170:
6169:
6166:
6165:
6163:
6162:
6154:
6145:
6143:
6141:Mirandornithes
6137:
6136:
6134:
6133:
6125:
6117:
6112:Columbiformes
6108:
6106:
6104:Columbimorphae
6097:
6088:
6078:
6077:
6074:
6073:
6070:
6069:
6066:
6065:
6063:
6062:
6057:
6049:
6044:
6039:Meleagridinae
6035:
6033:
6027:
6026:
6024:
6023:
6016:
6009:
6002:
5995:
5988:
5981:
5974:
5967:
5959:
5957:
5955:Odontophoridae
5951:
5950:
5948:
5947:
5940:
5933:
5926:
5918:
5916:
5910:
5909:
5907:
5906:
5899:
5892:
5885:
5878:
5871:
5864:
5856:
5854:
5848:
5847:
5845:
5844:
5839:
5834:
5828:
5826:
5817:
5796:
5795:
5792:
5791:
5789:
5788:
5780:
5778:
5772:
5771:
5769:
5768:
5761:
5753:
5751:
5745:
5744:
5742:
5741:
5736:
5734:Stictonettinae
5731:
5729:Dendrocygninae
5726:
5725:
5724:
5717:
5705:
5704:
5703:
5698:
5693:
5682:
5680:
5663:
5650:
5607:
5579:
5578:
5575:
5574:
5572:
5571:
5563:
5555:
5547:
5539:
5530:
5528:
5514:
5513:
5510:
5499:
5498:
5496:
5495:
5494:
5493:
5488:
5482:Notable birds
5480:
5475:
5470:
5465:
5460:
5455:
5450:
5444:
5442:
5438:
5437:
5435:
5434:
5432:Egg collecting
5429:
5424:
5419:
5414:
5409:
5404:
5399:
5394:
5389:
5384:
5383:
5382:
5372:
5367:
5362:
5357:
5351:
5349:
5341:
5340:
5338:
5337:
5332:
5327:
5322:
5317:
5315:Hesperornithes
5312:
5307:
5302:
5297:
5292:
5290:Ambiortiformes
5287:
5282:
5277:
5275:Enantiornithes
5272:
5267:
5262:
5257:
5249:
5247:
5241:
5240:
5238:
5237:
5232:
5227:
5222:
5217:
5216:
5215:
5210:
5199:
5197:
5191:
5190:
5188:
5187:
5182:
5177:
5172:
5167:
5162:
5157:
5152:
5147:
5142:
5137:
5132:
5126:
5124:
5118:
5117:
5115:
5114:
5109:
5104:
5099:
5094:
5089:
5084:
5079:
5078:
5077:
5067:
5062:
5056:
5054:
5048:
5047:
5045:
5044:
5038:
5035:
5034:
5024:
5022:
5021:
5014:
5007:
4999:
4993:
4992:
4975:
4960:
4948:
4945:on 8 June 2008
4932:
4921:
4910:
4887:
4870:Species: birds
4862:
4861:External links
4859:
4858:
4857:
4853:
4830:
4809:
4798:
4783:
4780:
4777:
4776:
4765:. 14 July 2022
4750:
4739:. 1 April 2020
4724:
4702:
4677:
4655:
4633:
4608:
4583:
4553:
4542:on 24 May 2010
4523:
4504:
4485:
4473:Brooks, Miki.
4465:
4439:
4409:
4392:
4377:
4341:
4302:
4275:
4247:
4228:
4209:
4178:
4158:
4128:
4098:
4068:
4038:
4008:
3978:
3945:
3915:
3885:
3855:
3825:
3799:
3769:
3743:
3710:
3684:
3654:
3622:
3573:
3540:
3503:
3496:
3468:
3419:
3354:
3317:
3268:
3237:
3206:
3191:
3162:
3142:
3075:
3044:
3041:, Auckland Zoo
3029:
3020:
3011:
2983:
2946:(4): 493–502.
2932:Castro, Isabel
2922:
2904:The New Yorker
2899:"The Big Kill"
2889:
2846:
2816:
2757:
2750:
2723:
2692:
2665:
2632:
2613:
2587:
2553:Apteryx owenii
2541:
2495:
2465:
2438:
2407:
2378:
2371:
2353:
2327:
2324:on 5 July 2011
2317:About the bird
2303:
2275:
2247:
2221:
2191:
2111:
2096:
2067:
2034:
2003:
1968:
1967:
1965:
1962:
1959:
1958:
1948:
1947:
1945:
1942:
1941:
1940:
1935:
1929:
1928:
1912:
1909:
1888:pourquoi story
1884:white feathers
1868:
1865:
1795:
1792:
1767:has five, the
1740:
1737:
1706:
1703:
1674:
1671:
1650:
1647:
1638:Main article:
1635:
1632:
1613:
1610:
1583:Cape Sanctuary
1579:
1578:
1568:
1554:
1544:
1534:
1516:
1515:
1514:
1513:
1506:
1496:
1495:
1494:
1487:
1480:
1461:
1458:
1425:
1422:
1328:
1325:
1302:elephant birds
1181:Apteryx owenii
1168:
1165:
1162:
1161:
1150:
1145:
1140:
1131:
1123:
1122:
1121:
1120:
1105:
1090:
1075:
1072:
1066:
1061:
1053:
1052:
1045:
1040:
1034:
1029:
1021:
1020:
1008:
1003:
998:
996:Apteryx owenii
993:
985:
984:
972:
969:
963:
958:
950:
949:
946:
943:
940:
937:
917:
916:
913:
912:
908:
907:
904:
903:
894:
891:
890:
887:
886:
877:
874:
873:
870:
869:
860:
855:
853:
850:
849:
846:
845:
841:
840:
837:
836:
832:
831:
828:
827:
818:
815:
814:
811:
810:
801:
796:
794:
788:
786:
780:
775:
772:
726:
723:
640:Māori language
635:
632:
579:elephant birds
568:elephant birds
448:Apterygiformes
391:
390:
378:Verheyen, 1960
359:
358:
352:
351:
347:
346:
338:
337:
303:Apteryx owenii
288:
287:
283:
282:
276:
267:
266:
260:
259:
245:
241:
240:
228:
224:
223:
214:Apterygiformes
211:
207:
206:
201:
194:
193:
188:
184:
183:
178:
174:
173:
168:
164:
163:
158:
154:
153:
148:
144:
143:
130:
129:
117:
116:
108:
107:
99:
94:
89:
84:
79:
74:
69:
64:
59:
54:
49:
44:
43:
41:Miocene–Recent
37:
27:Order of birds
26:
24:
18:Apterygiformes
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
8087:
8076:
8073:
8071:
8068:
8066:
8063:
8061:
8058:
8056:
8053:
8051:
8048:
8046:
8043:
8041:
8038:
8036:
8033:
8032:
8030:
8013:
8008:
8004:
8000:
7995:
7991:
7987:
7981:
7977:
7972:
7968:
7964:
7959:
7955:
7951:
7946:
7942:
7938:
7933:
7929:
7925:
7920:
7916:
7912:
7907:
7903:
7899:
7894:
7890:
7886:
7881:
7877:
7873:
7868:
7864:
7859:
7853:
7849:
7844:
7838:
7834:
7833:
7831:
7829:
7825:
7821:
7816:
7804:
7796:
7795:
7792:
7782:
7781:
7777:
7775:
7774:
7770:
7768:
7767:
7763:
7761:
7760:
7756:
7754:
7753:
7749:
7747:
7746:
7742:
7741:
7738:
7734:
7729:
7725:
7716:
7710:
7687:
7686:
7679:
7677:
7676:
7672:
7670:
7669:
7665:
7664:
7662:
7660:
7656:
7649:
7648:
7641:
7640:
7637:
7634:
7632:
7628:
7622:
7621:
7617:
7615:
7614:
7610:
7609:
7607:
7605:
7598:
7592:
7591:
7584:
7582:
7581:
7577:
7576:
7574:
7572:
7568:
7565:
7563:
7559:
7549:
7548:
7544:
7542:
7541:
7537:
7535:
7534:
7530:
7528:
7527:
7523:
7521:
7520:
7516:
7514:
7513:
7509:
7508:
7506:
7504:
7500:
7494:
7493:
7489:
7487:
7486:
7482:
7480:
7479:
7475:
7474:
7472:
7470:
7466:
7460:
7459:
7452:
7450:
7449:
7448:Querandiornis
7442:
7440:
7439:
7432:
7431:
7428:
7425:
7423:
7419:
7409:
7408:
7404:
7402:
7401:
7397:
7395:
7394:
7390:
7388:
7387:
7386:Anomalopteryx
7383:
7382:
7380:
7378:
7374:
7368:
7367:
7363:
7361:
7360:
7356:
7355:
7352:
7349:
7347:
7340:
7330:
7329:
7325:
7323:
7322:
7315:
7313:
7312:
7305:
7303:
7302:
7295:
7294:
7292:
7290:
7286:
7280:
7279:
7275:
7272:
7271:
7267:
7266:
7264:
7262:
7255:
7252:
7250:
7246:
7242:
7238:
7233:
7229:
7219:
7193:
7192:
7191:
7190:
7188:
7186:
7182:
7178:
7168:
7167:
7163:
7160:
7159:
7158:Pachystruthio
7152:
7150:
7149:
7142:
7141:
7139:
7137:
7136:Struthionidae
7133:
7127:
7126:
7122:
7120:
7119:
7115:
7113:
7112:
7108:
7106:
7105:
7104:Amphipelargus
7101:
7100:
7098:
7095:
7088:
7082:
7081:
7077:
7075:
7074:
7070:
7069:
7067:
7064:
7057:
7050:
7049:
7045:
7043:
7042:
7038:
7037:
7035:
7032:
7031:Palaeotididae
7025:
7019:
7018:
7014:
7012:
7011:
7007:
7005:
7004:
7000:
6997:
6996:
6992:
6990:
6989:
6985:
6984:
6982:
6979:
6972:
6965:
6964:
6957:
6956:
6953:
6950:
6947:
6942:
6932:
6931:
6927:
6925:
6924:
6923:Paracathartes
6920:
6918:
6917:
6913:
6911:
6910:
6906:
6904:
6903:
6899:
6898:
6896:
6894:
6887:
6880:
6879:
6872:
6869:
6868:
6861:
6858:
6857:
6850:
6849:
6846:
6842:
6839:
6836:
6835:Palaeognathae
6831:
6827:
6823:
6822:Palaeognathae
6818:
6814:
6785:
6784:
6783:
6782:
6780:
6778:
6777:Palaeognathae
6774:
6766:
6762:
6761:
6760:
6759:
6756:
6753:
6751:
6747:
6739:
6735:
6734:
6733:
6732:
6729:
6726:
6724:
6720:
6712:
6708:
6707:
6706:
6705:
6702:
6699:
6697:
6693:
6689:
6681:
6677:
6675:
6671:
6669:
6665:
6664:
6659:
6655:
6650:
6643:
6638:
6636:
6631:
6629:
6624:
6623:
6620:
6608:
6607:
6598:
6596:
6595:
6590:
6586:
6584:
6583:
6574:
6572:
6571:
6562:
6561:
6558:
6520:
6514:
6512:
6506:
6504:
6498:
6496:
6490:
6488:
6482:
6480:
6474:
6472:
6468:Strigiformes
6466:
6464:
6458:
6456:
6450:
6449:
6447:
6445:
6441:
6435:
6429:
6427:
6421:
6419:
6413:
6411:
6405:
6404:
6402:
6400:
6396:
6390:
6384:
6382:
6376:
6374:
6368:
6366:
6360:
6358:
6352:
6350:
6344:
6343:
6341:
6339:
6335:
6329:
6323:
6321:
6319:(tropicbirds)
6315:
6314:
6312:
6310:
6306:
6300:
6294:
6292:
6286:
6285:
6283:
6281:
6277:
6271:
6265:
6264:
6262:
6260:
6256:
6250:
6244:
6242:
6241:Podargiformes
6239:
6237:
6234:
6232:
6226:
6225:
6223:
6221:
6217:
6211:
6205:
6203:
6197:
6195:
6191:Cuculiformes
6189:
6188:
6186:
6184:
6180:
6177:
6175:
6171:
6161:
6155:
6153:
6147:
6146:
6144:
6142:
6138:
6132:
6126:
6124:
6118:
6116:
6110:
6109:
6107:
6105:
6101:
6098:
6096:
6092:
6089:
6087:
6083:
6079:
6061:
6058:
6056:
6050:
6048:
6045:
6043:
6037:
6036:
6034:
6032:
6028:
6022:
6021:
6017:
6015:
6014:
6010:
6008:
6007:
6003:
6001:
6000:
5996:
5994:
5993:
5989:
5987:
5986:
5982:
5980:
5979:
5975:
5973:
5972:
5968:
5966:
5965:
5961:
5960:
5958:
5956:
5952:
5946:
5945:
5941:
5939:
5938:
5934:
5932:
5931:
5927:
5925:
5924:
5920:
5919:
5917:
5915:
5911:
5905:
5904:
5900:
5898:
5897:
5893:
5891:
5890:
5889:Macrocephalon
5886:
5884:
5883:
5879:
5877:
5876:
5872:
5870:
5869:
5865:
5863:
5862:
5858:
5857:
5855:
5853:
5849:
5843:
5840:
5838:
5835:
5833:
5830:
5829:
5827:
5825:
5821:
5818:
5814:
5807:
5801:
5797:
5787:
5786:
5782:
5781:
5779:
5777:
5776:Anseranatidae
5773:
5767:
5766:
5762:
5760:
5759:
5755:
5754:
5752:
5750:
5746:
5740:
5737:
5735:
5732:
5730:
5727:
5723:
5718:
5716:
5711:
5710:
5709:
5706:
5702:
5699:
5697:
5694:
5692:
5689:
5688:
5687:
5684:
5683:
5681:
5677:
5671:
5667:
5664:
5658:
5654:
5651:
5647:
5641:
5615:
5611:
5608:
5606:
5584:
5580:
5570:
5564:
5562:
5556:
5554:
5550:Tinamiformes
5548:
5546:
5540:
5538:
5532:
5531:
5529:
5527:
5526:Palaeognathae
5523:
5519:
5515:
5508:
5504:
5500:
5492:
5489:
5487:
5484:
5483:
5481:
5479:
5476:
5474:
5471:
5469:
5466:
5464:
5461:
5459:
5456:
5454:
5451:
5449:
5446:
5445:
5443:
5439:
5433:
5430:
5428:
5425:
5423:
5420:
5418:
5415:
5413:
5412:Pigeon racing
5410:
5408:
5405:
5403:
5400:
5398:
5395:
5393:
5390:
5388:
5385:
5381:
5378:
5377:
5376:
5373:
5371:
5368:
5366:
5363:
5361:
5358:
5356:
5353:
5352:
5350:
5348:
5342:
5336:
5333:
5331:
5328:
5326:
5323:
5321:
5318:
5316:
5313:
5311:
5308:
5306:
5303:
5301:
5298:
5296:
5293:
5291:
5288:
5286:
5283:
5281:
5278:
5276:
5273:
5271:
5268:
5266:
5263:
5261:
5258:
5256:
5255:
5254:Archaeopteryx
5251:
5250:
5248:
5246:
5242:
5236:
5233:
5231:
5228:
5226:
5223:
5221:
5218:
5214:
5211:
5209:
5206:
5205:
5204:
5201:
5200:
5198:
5196:
5192:
5186:
5183:
5181:
5178:
5176:
5173:
5171:
5168:
5166:
5163:
5161:
5158:
5156:
5153:
5151:
5148:
5146:
5143:
5141:
5138:
5136:
5133:
5131:
5128:
5127:
5125:
5123:
5119:
5113:
5110:
5108:
5105:
5103:
5100:
5098:
5095:
5093:
5090:
5088:
5085:
5083:
5080:
5076:
5073:
5072:
5071:
5068:
5066:
5063:
5061:
5058:
5057:
5055:
5053:
5049:
5043:
5040:
5039:
5036:
5031:
5027:
5020:
5015:
5013:
5008:
5006:
5001:
5000:
4997:
4988:
4984:
4980:
4976:
4971:
4967:
4966:
4961:
4956:
4955:
4949:
4944:
4940:
4939:
4933:
4929:, TerraNature
4928:
4927:
4922:
4917:
4916:
4915:Kiwi recovery
4911:
4899:
4895:
4894:
4888:
4876:
4872:
4871:
4865:
4864:
4860:
4854:
4839:
4837:
4831:
4819:
4815:
4810:
4807:
4803:
4799:
4796:
4792:
4791:
4786:
4785:
4781:
4764:
4760:
4754:
4751:
4738:
4734:
4728:
4725:
4712:
4706:
4703:
4691:
4687:
4681:
4678:
4665:
4659:
4656:
4644:
4637:
4634:
4622:
4618:
4612:
4609:
4597:
4593:
4587:
4584:
4571:
4567:
4563:
4557:
4554:
4541:
4537:
4533:
4527:
4524:
4520:
4516:
4513:
4508:
4505:
4492:
4488:
4486:9780557098842
4482:
4478:
4477:
4469:
4466:
4454:
4450:
4443:
4440:
4427:
4423:
4419:
4413:
4410:
4406:. p. a4.
4405:
4404:
4396:
4393:
4388:
4381:
4378:
4362:
4358:
4351:
4345:
4342:
4329:
4325:
4321:
4317:
4315:
4306:
4303:
4291:
4287:
4286:
4279:
4276:
4264:
4260:
4259:
4251:
4248:
4244:
4240:
4237:
4232:
4229:
4224:
4220:
4213:
4210:
4197:
4193:
4189:
4182:
4179:
4174:
4170:
4169:
4162:
4159:
4146:
4142:
4138:
4132:
4129:
4116:
4112:
4108:
4102:
4099:
4086:
4082:
4078:
4072:
4069:
4056:
4052:
4048:
4042:
4039:
4026:
4022:
4018:
4012:
4009:
3996:
3992:
3988:
3982:
3979:
3966:
3962:
3958:
3952:
3950:
3946:
3933:
3929:
3925:
3919:
3916:
3903:
3899:
3895:
3889:
3886:
3873:
3869:
3865:
3859:
3856:
3843:
3839:
3835:
3829:
3826:
3813:
3809:
3803:
3800:
3787:
3783:
3779:
3773:
3770:
3757:
3753:
3747:
3744:
3731:
3727:
3723:
3717:
3715:
3711:
3698:
3694:
3688:
3685:
3672:
3668:
3664:
3658:
3655:
3642:
3638:
3637:
3632:
3626:
3623:
3618:
3614:
3610:
3606:
3602:
3598:
3591:
3587:
3580:
3578:
3574:
3561:
3557:
3551:
3549:
3547:
3545:
3541:
3526:
3519:
3518:
3510:
3508:
3504:
3499:
3493:
3488:
3483:
3479:
3472:
3469:
3453:
3449:
3445:
3438:
3436:
3432:
3423:
3420:
3404:
3400:
3396:
3392:
3388:
3385:(1): 88–100.
3384:
3380:
3373:
3371:
3367:
3358:
3355:
3349:
3344:
3340:
3336:
3332:
3330:
3321:
3318:
3302:
3298:
3294:
3287:
3285:
3281:
3272:
3269:
3264:
3260:
3256:
3253:. Series 13.
3252:
3248:
3241:
3238:
3225:
3221:
3217:
3210:
3207:
3202:
3195:
3192:
3179:
3175:
3169:
3167:
3163:
3158:
3154:
3153:
3152:Save the kiwi
3146:
3143:
3127:
3123:
3119:
3114:
3109:
3105:
3101:
3097:
3093:
3086:
3079:
3076:
3063:
3059:
3055:
3048:
3045:
3040:
3033:
3030:
3024:
3021:
3015:
3012:
2999:
2995:
2994:
2993:Save the Kiwi
2987:
2984:
2979:
2975:
2970:
2965:
2961:
2957:
2953:
2949:
2945:
2941:
2937:
2933:
2926:
2923:
2910:
2906:
2905:
2900:
2893:
2890:
2885:
2881:
2877:
2873:
2869:
2865:
2861:
2857:
2850:
2847:
2834:
2830:
2826:
2820:
2817:
2812:
2808:
2803:
2798:
2794:
2790:
2785:
2780:
2776:
2772:
2768:
2761:
2758:
2753:
2747:
2743:
2736:
2734:
2732:
2730:
2728:
2724:
2711:
2707:
2703:
2696:
2693:
2688:
2684:
2680:
2676:
2669:
2666:
2653:
2649:
2645:
2639:
2637:
2633:
2629:
2626:
2620:
2618:
2614:
2601:
2597:
2591:
2588:
2575:
2570:
2566:
2562:
2561:
2556:
2554:
2545:
2542:
2529:
2524:
2520:
2516:
2515:
2510:
2508:
2499:
2496:
2483:
2479:
2475:
2469:
2466:
2453:
2449:
2446:New Zealand.
2442:
2439:
2427:
2423:
2419:
2418:
2411:
2408:
2396:
2392:
2388:
2382:
2379:
2374:
2368:
2364:
2357:
2354:
2341:
2337:
2331:
2328:
2323:
2319:
2318:
2310:
2308:
2304:
2292:
2288:
2287:
2279:
2276:
2264:
2260:
2259:
2251:
2248:
2235:
2231:
2225:
2222:
2209:
2205:
2204:San Diego Zoo
2201:
2200:"Birds: Kiwi"
2195:
2192:
2180:
2176:
2172:
2168:
2163:
2158:
2154:
2150:
2146:
2142:
2138:
2134:
2127:
2120:
2118:
2116:
2112:
2107:
2100:
2097:
2092:
2088:
2084:
2082:
2077:
2071:
2068:
2052:
2045:
2042:Gill (2010).
2038:
2035:
2022:
2018:
2014:
2007:
2004:
1991:
1987:
1983:
1976:
1974:
1970:
1963:
1953:
1950:
1943:
1939:
1936:
1934:
1931:
1930:
1926:
1915:
1910:
1908:
1906:
1902:
1898:
1894:
1889:
1885:
1881:
1876:
1874:
1866:
1864:
1862:
1858:
1853:
1851:
1847:
1843:
1839:
1833:
1831:
1827:
1823:
1818:
1816:
1806:
1801:
1793:
1791:
1789:
1784:
1782:
1778:
1774:
1771:has one, the
1770:
1766:
1765:San Diego Zoo
1762:
1759:has one, the
1758:
1754:
1750:
1749:Frankfurt Zoo
1746:
1738:
1736:
1734:
1730:
1726:
1725:
1720:
1716:
1712:
1704:
1702:
1700:
1696:
1692:
1684:
1679:
1672:
1670:
1666:
1664:
1659:
1655:
1648:
1646:
1641:
1633:
1631:
1629:
1625:
1621:
1616:
1611:
1606:
1602:
1597:
1593:
1590:
1588:
1584:
1576:
1572:
1569:
1566:
1562:
1558:
1555:
1552:
1548:
1545:
1542:
1538:
1535:
1532:
1528:
1525:
1524:
1523:
1521:
1511:
1510:Haast tokoeka
1507:
1504:
1500:
1499:
1497:
1492:
1488:
1485:
1481:
1478:
1474:
1473:
1471:
1470:
1469:
1467:
1464:In 2000, the
1459:
1457:
1455:
1450:
1448:
1444:
1440:
1430:
1423:
1421:
1419:
1418:ectoparasites
1415:
1411:
1410:
1405:
1404:
1400:in the genus
1399:
1395:
1393:
1389:
1384:
1382:
1376:
1374:
1370:
1362:
1357:
1353:
1351:
1346:
1340:
1338:
1334:
1326:
1324:
1322:
1318:
1314:
1310:
1305:
1303:
1298:
1294:
1290:
1285:
1283:
1279:
1275:
1271:
1267:
1263:
1259:
1255:
1251:
1247:
1243:
1239:
1234:
1230:
1226:
1222:
1218:
1214:
1210:
1206:
1198:
1193:
1186:
1182:
1178:
1173:
1166:
1158:
1154:
1151:
1149:
1146:
1144:
1141:
1139:
1135:
1132:
1129:
1125:
1124:
1118:
1114:
1110:
1109:Haast tokoeka
1106:
1103:
1099:
1095:
1091:
1088:
1084:
1080:
1079:
1076:
1073:
1070:
1067:
1065:
1062:
1059:
1055:
1054:
1050:
1046:
1044:
1041:
1038:
1035:
1033:
1030:
1027:
1023:
1022:
1017:
1013:
1009:
1007:
1006:Kapiti Island
1004:
1002:
999:
997:
994:
991:
987:
986:
982:
981:Southern Alps
978:
973:
970:
967:
964:
962:
959:
956:
952:
951:
947:
944:
941:
938:
935:
934:
931:
928:
926:
915:
914:
906:
905:
902:
901:
900:
893:
892:
889:
888:
885:
884:
883:
876:
875:
872:
871:
868:
867:
866:
859:
858:
852:
851:
848:
847:
839:
838:
830:
829:
826:
825:
824:
817:
816:
813:
812:
809:
808:
807:
800:
799:
792:
791:
784:
783:
779:
773:
771:
769:
765:
761:
760:
754:
752:
748:
744:
740:
739:elephant bird
736:
732:
724:
722:
713:
701:
696:
695:Ancient Greek
692:
687:
685:
681:
677:
673:
669:
665:
660:
655:
651:
646:
641:
633:
631:
629:
625:
624:
619:
614:
612:
606:
604:
600:
599:deforestation
596:
592:
588:
584:
580:
575:
573:
569:
565:
561:
557:
553:
549:
545:
539:
506:
505:
498:
453:
449:
446:
442:
438:
435:
431:
430:
421:
397:
389:
387:Lydekker 1891
385:
384:
376:
375:
367:
366:
360:
357:
353:
348:
344:
339:
336:
332:
331:
323:
322:
314:
313:
305:
304:
296:
295:
289:
284:
279:
274:
273:
268:
265:
261:
256:
251:
250:
246:
243:
242:
237:
232:
229:
226:
225:
220:
215:
212:
209:
208:
205:
202:
199:
196:
195:
192:
191:Palaeognathae
189:
186:
185:
182:
179:
176:
175:
172:
169:
166:
165:
162:
159:
156:
155:
152:
149:
146:
145:
140:
135:
131:
127:
122:
118:
114:
109:
102:
97:
92:
87:
82:
77:
72:
67:
62:
57:
52:
47:
33:
30:
19:
8040:Novaeratitae
7827:
7780:Tsondabornis
7778:
7771:
7764:
7759:Medioolithus
7757:
7750:
7745:Diamantornis
7743:
7683:
7673:
7666:
7645:
7618:
7611:
7588:
7579:
7578:
7562:Novaeratitae
7545:
7538:
7531:
7524:
7517:
7510:
7490:
7483:
7478:Crypturellus
7476:
7458:Roveretornis
7456:
7446:
7436:
7405:
7398:
7391:
7384:
7366:Megalapteryx
7364:
7357:
7326:
7319:
7309:
7299:
7276:
7268:
7164:
7156:
7146:
7123:
7116:
7109:
7102:
7078:
7071:
7046:
7039:
7015:
7008:
7003:Geranodornis
7001:
6993:
6988:Eogeranoides
6986:
6978:Geranoididae
6961:
6928:
6921:
6914:
6907:
6900:
6876:
6865:
6854:
6604:
6592:
6580:
6568:
6478:(mousebirds)
6476:Coliiformes
6346:Gaviiformes
6338:Aequornithes
6246:Apodiformes
6207:Otidiformes
6183:Otidimorphae
6130:(sandgrouse)
6052:Phasianinae
6018:
6011:
6004:
5999:Odontophorus
5997:
5990:
5983:
5976:
5969:
5962:
5942:
5935:
5928:
5921:
5901:
5894:
5887:
5880:
5873:
5866:
5859:
5837:Oreophasinae
5783:
5763:
5756:
5661:(waterfowls)
5657:Anseriformes
5557:
5407:Cockfighting
5392:Conservation
5387:Bird feeding
5375:Birdwatching
5365:Ornithomancy
5305:Gansuiformes
5252:
5245:Fossil birds
5135:Intelligence
4987:the original
4982:
4970:the original
4964:
4953:
4943:the original
4937:
4925:
4914:
4902:, retrieved
4898:the original
4892:
4879:, retrieved
4875:the original
4869:
4845:. Retrieved
4835:
4822:. Retrieved
4818:the original
4805:
4801:
4794:
4789:
4767:. Retrieved
4762:
4753:
4741:. Retrieved
4736:
4727:
4715:. Retrieved
4705:
4693:. Retrieved
4689:
4680:
4668:. Retrieved
4666:. 3 May 2023
4658:
4646:. Retrieved
4636:
4624:. Retrieved
4620:
4611:
4599:. Retrieved
4595:
4586:
4574:. Retrieved
4565:
4556:
4544:. Retrieved
4540:the original
4535:
4526:
4507:
4497:24 September
4495:. Retrieved
4475:
4468:
4456:. Retrieved
4452:
4442:
4430:. Retrieved
4421:
4412:
4401:
4395:
4386:
4380:
4368:. Retrieved
4344:
4332:. Retrieved
4323:
4319:
4313:
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4294:, retrieved
4284:
4278:
4267:, retrieved
4257:
4250:
4231:
4223:the original
4212:
4200:. Retrieved
4191:
4181:
4173:the original
4167:
4161:
4149:. Retrieved
4140:
4131:
4119:. Retrieved
4115:the original
4111:Nature Space
4110:
4101:
4089:. Retrieved
4080:
4071:
4059:. Retrieved
4050:
4041:
4029:. Retrieved
4020:
4011:
3999:. Retrieved
3990:
3981:
3969:. Retrieved
3960:
3936:. Retrieved
3927:
3918:
3906:. Retrieved
3897:
3888:
3876:. Retrieved
3867:
3858:
3846:. Retrieved
3837:
3828:
3816:. Retrieved
3812:the original
3802:
3790:. Retrieved
3781:
3772:
3760:. Retrieved
3746:
3734:. Retrieved
3725:
3701:. Retrieved
3687:
3675:. Retrieved
3666:
3657:
3645:. Retrieved
3634:
3625:
3600:
3596:
3564:. Retrieved
3532:, retrieved
3516:
3477:
3471:
3459:. Retrieved
3450:(1): 70–76.
3447:
3443:
3434:
3430:
3422:
3410:. Retrieved
3382:
3379:Parasitology
3378:
3369:
3365:
3357:
3341:(1): 67–73.
3338:
3334:
3328:
3320:
3308:. Retrieved
3299:(1): 52–69.
3296:
3292:
3283:
3279:
3271:
3254:
3250:
3246:
3240:
3228:. Retrieved
3219:
3209:
3200:
3194:
3182:. Retrieved
3178:the original
3157:the original
3151:
3145:
3135:24 September
3133:. Retrieved
3095:
3091:
3078:
3066:. Retrieved
3057:
3047:
3038:
3032:
3023:
3014:
3002:, retrieved
2992:
2986:
2943:
2939:
2925:
2913:. Retrieved
2902:
2892:
2862:(2): 87–99.
2859:
2855:
2849:
2837:. Retrieved
2828:
2819:
2774:
2770:
2760:
2741:
2714:. Retrieved
2705:
2695:
2678:
2674:
2668:
2656:. Retrieved
2647:
2627:
2624:
2604:. Retrieved
2600:the original
2590:
2578:. Retrieved
2564:
2558:
2552:
2544:
2532:. Retrieved
2518:
2512:
2506:
2498:
2486:. Retrieved
2477:
2468:
2456:. Retrieved
2452:the original
2441:
2430:, retrieved
2416:
2410:
2399:, retrieved
2390:
2381:
2362:
2356:
2344:. Retrieved
2340:the original
2330:
2322:the original
2316:
2295:, retrieved
2285:
2278:
2267:, retrieved
2257:
2250:
2240:13 September
2238:. Retrieved
2234:the original
2224:
2214:19 September
2212:. Retrieved
2194:
2184:24 September
2182:. Retrieved
2136:
2132:
2105:
2099:
2091:the original
2079:
2070:
2058:. Retrieved
2037:
2025:. Retrieved
2016:
2006:
1994:. Retrieved
1985:
1952:
1925:Birds portal
1877:
1870:
1854:
1834:
1822:Bulford kiwi
1819:
1811:
1785:
1751:has 12, the
1742:
1732:
1722:
1714:
1708:
1688:
1667:
1652:
1643:
1617:
1615:
1591:
1580:
1539:in Waikato (
1517:
1503:Okarito kiwi
1463:
1451:
1435:
1413:
1407:
1401:
1396:
1385:
1380:
1377:
1365:
1350:A. australis
1349:
1341:
1330:
1306:
1296:
1286:
1202:
1196:
1184:
1180:
1176:
1157:A. australis
1156:
1152:
1148:North Island
1137:
1133:
1112:
1097:
1093:
1082:
1074:South Island
1063:
1049:Okarito kiwi
1043:South Island
1037:Okarito kiwi
1032:Apteryx rowi
1031:
995:
960:
948:Description
945:Distribution
929:
924:
921:
897:
896:
880:
879:
865:A. australis
863:
862:
821:
820:
804:
803:
777:
757:
755:
728:
690:
688:
679:
671:
663:
637:
621:
615:
607:
593:of which is
581:than to the
576:
503:
502:
501:) and genus
451:
447:
395:
394:
383:Pseudapteryx
382:
381:
373:
372:
365:Stictapteryx
364:
363:
362:
328:
319:
312:Apteryx rowi
310:
301:
292:
291:
270:
264:Type species
248:
247:
230:
213:
204:Novaeratitae
197:
187:Infraclass:
125:
29:
7919:iNaturalist
7852:Wikispecies
7659:Casuariidae
7647:Diogenornis
7620:Mullerornis
7571:Apterygidae
7519:Nothoprocta
7485:Nothocercus
7400:Euryapteryx
7270:Diogenornis
7148:Orientornis
6856:Asteriornis
6765:Maniraptora
6750:Maniraptora
6649:Palaeognath
6606:WikiProject
6516:Piciformes
6399:Australaves
6378:Suliformes
6296:Gruiformes
6151:(flamingos)
6060:Tetraoninae
6031:Phasianidae
6020:Rhynchortyx
5985:Dactylortyx
5852:Megapodidae
5842:Penelopinae
5800:Galliformes
5542:Rheiformes
5536:(ostriches)
5486:individuals
5360:Ornithology
5347:interaction
5102:Preen gland
4856:16:147–162.
4432:23 November
4051:Google Docs
3566:20 February
3113:10261/99097
2915:16 December
2771:BMC Biology
2580:12 November
2534:12 November
1880:Tāne Mahuta
1783:has three.
1755:has seven,
1711:George Shaw
1695:Tāne Mahuta
1634:1080 poison
1601:Franz Josef
1587:Hawke's Bay
1460:Sanctuaries
1439:1080 poison
1309:palaeognath
1264:around the
1258:aftershafts
1167:Description
1153:A. mantelli
1117:Haast Range
971:New Zealand
942:Common name
899:A. mantelli
751:cassowaries
735:DNA studies
721:), 'wing'.
611:adaptations
564:cassowaries
452:Apterygidae
441:New Zealand
231:Apterygidae
8029:Categories
7773:Psammornis
7590:Proapteryx
7533:Rhynchotus
7503:Nothurinae
7438:Miniothura
7407:Pachyornis
7301:Heterorhea
7249:Rheiformes
7194:see below↓
7111:Ergilornis
6909:Fissuravis
6867:Eremopezus
6786:see below↓
6356:(penguins)
6209:(bustards)
6047:Perdicinae
5992:Dendrortyx
5964:Callipepla
5896:Megapodius
5861:Aepypodius
5739:Tadorninae
5721:true geese
5552:(tinamous)
5511:Neornithes
5422:Pheasantry
5397:Aviculture
5165:Incubation
5155:Lek mating
4881:31 October
4847:13 October
4797:(2):167–77
4763:Eventfinda
4576:27 October
4546:16 January
4532:"The Kiwi"
4334:4 November
4296:30 October
4202:13 October
3617:Q110608596
3534:27 October
3461:4 November
3412:4 November
3310:4 November
3230:20 October
3184:16 January
2839:4 November
2716:6 February
2162:2328/35953
2027:4 November
1996:4 February
1944:References
1848:, and the
1826:Sling Camp
1798:See also:
1753:Berlin Zoo
1745:London Zoo
1724:Providence
1565:brown kiwi
1551:brown kiwi
1541:brown kiwi
1491:brown kiwi
1484:brown kiwi
1477:brown kiwi
1414:Aptericola
1381:A. haastii
1373:platypuses
1335:, and the
1100:) live in
1085:, is from
979:, and the
977:West Coast
806:A. haastii
759:Proapteryx
743:Madagascar
684:pluralised
587:vulnerable
7668:Casuarius
7613:Aepyornis
7547:Tinamotis
7540:Taoniscus
7469:Tinaminae
7422:Tinamidae
7321:Protorhea
7125:Urmiornis
7063:Eogruidae
7041:Palaeotis
6963:Remiornis
6916:Lithornis
6902:Calciavis
6878:Limenavis
6738:Theropoda
6723:Theropoda
6666:Kingdom:
6425:(parrots)
6269:(hoatzin)
6220:Strisores
6201:(turacos)
6193:(cuckoos)
6122:(mesites)
6041:(turkeys)
6013:Philortyx
5930:Agelastes
5923:Acryllium
5914:Numididae
5903:Talegalla
5813:gamebirds
5806:landfowls
5785:Anseranas
5749:Anhimidae
5708:Anserinae
5491:fictional
5213:dinosaurs
5208:Theropoda
5195:Evolution
5140:Migration
5122:Behaviour
4824:13 August
4808:: 704–07.
4370:17 August
4121:11 August
3894:"Tokoeka"
3609:1170-3806
3431:Rallicola
3370:Rallicola
3280:Apterygon
2960:1469-7580
2793:1741-7007
2777:(1): 85.
2681:: 89–97.
2630:, 2174–84
2346:17 August
2297:7 January
2179:206555952
1907:in 2022.
1873:Whangārei
1788:Zoo Miami
1786:In 2023,
1743:In 1851,
1709:In 1813,
1699:kahu kiwi
1683:kahu kiwi
1527:Zealandia
1447:Tongariro
1409:Rallicola
1403:Apterygon
1392:precocity
1321:songbirds
1289:nocturnal
1274:pygostyle
1262:vibrissae
1233:vestigial
1221:cassowary
1102:Fiordland
823:A. owenii
733:, recent
634:Etymology
552:ostriches
157:Kingdom:
151:Eukaryota
7837:Wikidata
7803:Category
7766:Namornis
7685:Emuarius
7675:Dromaius
7512:Eudromia
7359:Dinornis
7311:Hinasuri
7166:Struthio
7080:Sonogrus
7017:Paragrus
6674:Chordata
6672:Phylum:
6668:Animalia
6570:Category
6444:Afroaves
6372:(storks)
6174:Passerea
6159:(grebes)
6095:Columbea
6006:Oreortyx
5978:Cyrtonyx
5868:Alectura
5832:Cracinae
5824:Cracidae
5701:Oxyurini
5691:Aythyini
5686:Anatinae
5670:Anatidae
5417:Falconry
5380:big year
5235:Seabirds
5145:Foraging
5092:Feathers
4935:"Kiwi",
4570:Archived
4521:, Te Ara
4515:Archived
4491:Archived
4453:BBC News
4426:Archived
4361:Archived
4328:Archived
4290:archived
4263:archived
4239:Archived
4196:Archived
4145:Archived
4085:Archived
4055:Archived
4025:Archived
3995:Archived
3965:Archived
3932:Archived
3902:Archived
3872:Archived
3842:Archived
3786:Archived
3756:Archived
3730:Archived
3697:Archived
3671:Archived
3641:Archived
3613:Wikidata
3586:I Castro
3560:Archived
3525:archived
3452:Archived
3403:Archived
3399:84334233
3301:Archived
3224:Archived
3126:Archived
3122:27277394
3068:13 April
3062:Archived
2998:archived
2978:17711422
2909:Archived
2884:31628714
2876:18032885
2833:Archived
2811:28915882
2710:Archived
2687:24052821
2658:26 March
2652:Archived
2482:Archived
2426:archived
2395:archived
2291:archived
2283:"kiwi",
2269:14 April
2263:archived
2255:"Kiwi",
2208:Archived
2171:24855267
2051:Archived
2021:Archived
1990:Archived
1911:See also
1345:podocarp
1276:. Their
1254:barbules
968:or roroa
749:and the
603:invasive
356:Synonyms
286:Species
227:Family:
171:Chordata
167:Phylum:
161:Animalia
147:Domain:
8060:Ratites
8035:Apteryx
7937:1194669
7911:2495138
7858:Apteryx
7828:Apteryx
7580:Apteryx
7526:Nothura
7492:Tinamus
7377:Emeidae
7289:Rheidae
6678:Class:
6582:Commons
6086:Neoaves
5971:Colinus
5937:Guttera
5875:Eulipoa
5696:Mergini
5560:(kiwis)
5544:(rheas)
5355:Ringing
5180:Hybrids
5175:Nesting
5130:Singing
5107:Plumage
5082:Dactyly
5052:Anatomy
5042:Outline
5032:: Aves)
4954:YouTube
4904:25 July
4836:Apteryx
4834:"Kiwi (
3435:Apteryx
3366:Apteryx
3284:Apteryx
3247:Apteryx
3220:Audubon
3092:The Auk
2969:2375824
2802:5602912
2606:25 July
2458:30 July
2141:Bibcode
2133:Science
1886:, in a
1840:of the
1838:roundel
1717:in his
1715:Apteryx
1649:Threats
1559:in the
1369:ovaries
1317:parrots
1297:A. rowi
1278:gizzard
1229:sternum
1227:on the
1209:ostrich
1205:ratites
1197:Apteryx
925:Apteryx
882:A. rowi
793:
785:
774:Species
764:Miocene
691:Apteryx
628:demonym
548:ratites
504:Apteryx
443:of the
437:endemic
249:Apteryx
244:Genus:
219:Haeckel
210:Order:
177:Class:
7999:241840
7983:NZOR:
7963:174393
7950:103798
7898:1APTXG
7843:Q43642
7733:Ootaxa
7073:Eogrus
6651:genera
6594:Portal
6470:(owls)
5944:Numida
5882:Leipoa
5765:Chauna
5758:Anhima
5453:Genera
5427:Imping
5345:Human
5185:Colony
5112:Vision
5097:Flight
4802:Nature
4769:11 May
4743:11 May
4717:11 May
4695:11 May
4670:11 May
4648:11 May
4626:11 May
4601:11 May
4483:
4458:24 May
4269:12 May
4258:Te Ara
4151:3 July
4091:3 July
4061:3 July
4031:3 July
4001:3 July
3971:3 July
3938:3 July
3908:3 July
3878:3 July
3848:3 July
3818:3 July
3792:3 July
3762:3 July
3736:3 July
3703:3 July
3677:3 July
3647:26 May
3615:
3607:
3603:: 64.
3494:
3397:
3120:
3058:Te Ara
3004:3 July
2976:
2966:
2958:
2882:
2874:
2809:
2799:
2791:
2748:
2685:
2488:9 July
2432:4 June
2401:24 May
2369:
2177:
2169:
2081:Lexico
2076:"kiwi"
2060:22 May
1663:possum
1658:Stoats
1282:caecum
1250:pecten
1238:marrow
1016:stoats
1012:bantam
718:πτέρυξ
712:ptéryx
666:, the
589:, and
432:) are
280:, 1813
257:, 1813
238:, 1840
221:, 1866
8012:39304
7932:IRMNG
7924:20489
7885:62CRB
7393:Emeus
5714:swans
5676:ducks
5646:fowls
5441:Lists
5065:Brain
5030:class
5026:Birds
4841:(PDF)
4364:(PDF)
4353:(PDF)
3593:(PDF)
3528:(PDF)
3521:(PDF)
3455:(PDF)
3440:(PDF)
3406:(PDF)
3395:S2CID
3375:(PDF)
3304:(PDF)
3289:(PDF)
3129:(PDF)
3118:S2CID
3088:(PDF)
2880:S2CID
2683:JSTOR
2175:S2CID
2129:(PDF)
2054:(PDF)
2047:(PDF)
1964:Notes
1830:Kiwis
1691:Māori
1246:preen
1155:(or
936:Image
682:when
676:Māori
657:*
642:word
560:rheas
445:order
198:Clade
7976:8821
7971:NCBI
7958:ITIS
7906:GBIF
7893:EPPO
7872:4639
7867:BOLD
7328:Rhea
6763:see
6736:see
6709:see
6680:Aves
5087:Eggs
5075:milk
5070:Crop
5060:Beak
4926:Kiwi
4906:2009
4883:2006
4849:2011
4826:2007
4771:2023
4745:2023
4719:2023
4697:2023
4672:2023
4650:2023
4628:2023
4603:2023
4578:2012
4548:2009
4499:2020
4481:ISBN
4460:2023
4434:2016
4372:2009
4336:2017
4298:2012
4271:2009
4204:2011
4153:2021
4123:2014
4093:2021
4063:2021
4033:2021
4021:MOCA
4003:2021
3991:MOCA
3973:2021
3940:2021
3910:2021
3880:2021
3850:2021
3820:2021
3794:2021
3764:2021
3738:2021
3705:2021
3679:2021
3649:2018
3605:ISSN
3568:2018
3536:2012
3492:ISBN
3463:2017
3414:2017
3312:2017
3232:2021
3186:2009
3137:2019
3070:2019
3006:2021
2974:PMID
2956:ISSN
2917:2014
2872:PMID
2841:2018
2807:PMID
2789:ISSN
2746:ISBN
2718:2009
2660:2017
2608:2009
2582:2021
2565:2016
2536:2021
2519:2016
2490:2008
2460:2014
2434:2005
2403:2014
2367:ISBN
2348:2017
2299:2011
2271:2008
2242:2012
2216:2008
2186:2019
2167:PMID
2062:2016
2029:2017
1998:2009
1859:the
1739:Zoos
1689:The
1605:rowi
1398:Lice
1319:and
1266:gape
1256:and
1225:keel
1219:and
1217:rhea
1047:The
680:kiwi
659:kiwi
650:call
645:kiwi
638:The
623:Kiwi
570:and
556:emus
429:-wee
396:Kiwi
374:Kiwi
278:Shaw
255:Shaw
236:Gray
181:Aves
46:PreꞒ
35:Kiwi
7945:ISC
7880:CoL
4806:409
4737:RNZ
3482:doi
3387:doi
3343:doi
3259:doi
3249:".
3108:hdl
3100:doi
3096:129
2964:PMC
2948:doi
2944:211
2864:doi
2797:PMC
2779:doi
2569:doi
2523:doi
2422:ABC
2157:hdl
2149:doi
2137:344
1899:by
1897:RNZ
1832:".
1585:in
1445:in
1388:moa
1361:egg
1213:emu
1136:or
747:emu
741:of
731:moa
686:.
591:one
583:moa
574:).
572:moa
439:to
427:KEE
8031::
8009::
7996::
7973::
7960::
7947::
7934::
7921::
7908::
7895::
7882::
7869::
7854::
7839::
4981:,
4804:,
4793:,
4761:.
4735:.
4688:.
4619:.
4594:.
4564:.
4534:.
4489:.
4451:.
4420:.
4355:.
4324:24
4322:.
4318:.
4194:.
4190:.
4143:.
4139:.
4109:.
4083:.
4079:.
4053:.
4049:.
4023:.
4019:.
3993:.
3989:.
3963:.
3959:.
3948:^
3930:.
3926:.
3900:.
3896:.
3870:.
3866:.
3840:.
3836:.
3784:.
3780:.
3754:.
3728:.
3724:.
3713:^
3695:.
3669:.
3665:.
3633:.
3611:.
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