799:
599:
525:
60:
859:
845:
701:
821:
811:
833:
871:
38:
790:. Selection from pollinator shifts is suggested to have driven these changes in nectar spur length. It was shown that this spur length diversity is achieved solely through changing cell shape, not cell number or cell size. This suggests that a simple microscopic change can result in a dramatic evolutionarily relevant morphological change.
547:
by seed. It will grow to a height of 40–50 cm (15–20 in). It will grow in full sun; however, it prefers growing in partial shade and well drained soil, and is able to tolerate average soils and dry soil conditions. Columbine is rated at
3434:
623:
with other fresh greens, and are reported to be very sweet, and safe if consumed in small quantities. The plant's seeds and roots, however, are highly poisonous and contain
590:
which was at the time an emerging disease to which the plants had no resistance. By 2018 the entire collection had been lost. Aquilegia can be grown from seeds or rhizomes.
3777:
3816:
393:
downwards. These hold many seeds and are formed at the end of the pistils. The nectar is mainly consumed by long-beaked birds such as hummingbirds. Almost all
1317:
280:"Aquila", or "eagle"; this is in obvious reference to the spurred, "hook" shapes within the blooms, that many gardeners say resemble an eagle's talons.
3725:
3790:
3738:
3459:
3852:
709:
3280:
3180:
3149:
2855:
616:
3962:
3420:
3354:
Hodges, S. A.; Whittall, J. B.; Fulton, M.; Yang, J. Y. (2002). "Genetics of Floral Traits
Influencing Reproductive Isolation between
3227:
1513:
3453:
3416:
3302:
3273:
3251:
3051:
Whittall, Justen B.; Hodges, Scott A. (7 June 2007). "Pollinator shifts drive increasingly long nectar spurs in columbine flowers".
2848:
2830:
1887:
3297:(Vol. 6: Caryophyllaceae through Lardizabalaceae): 278. Science Press, Beijing & Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis.
3764:
3219:
The
Families and Genera of Vascular Plants. II Flowering plants - Dicotyledons. Magnoliid, Hamamelid and Caryophyllid families
3911:
2878:
1517:
959:
3795:
3957:
3803:
326:
646:. However, the medical use of this plant is better avoided due to its high toxicity; columbine poisonings may be fatal.
3634:
3621:
311:
307:
1902:
1440:
3523:
798:
3916:
3865:
3172:
3141:
2515:
1057:
1053:
59:
20:
786:
petals show an enormous range of petal spur length diversity ranging from a centimeter to the 15 cm spurs of
3821:
2948:
1661:
1360:
1112:
955:
586:
598:
3474:
2571:
1276:
1116:
3870:
2297:
996:
3533:
2529:
2399:
2307:
2041:
1959:
3712:
3201:
2870:
New
England Wild Flower Society Guide to Growing and Propagating Wildflowers of the United States and Canada
2389:
2327:
2287:
2061:
1949:
1865:
1855:
1736:
1679:
1585:
1164:
690:
670:
2894:
2247:
1929:
1845:
1575:
1236:
1134:
929:
524:
3686:
3564:
3196:
2267:
2257:
2194:
2101:
2031:
2010:
1969:
1689:
1620:
1615:
1605:
1525:
1335:
1288:
1256:
1216:
1144:
1038:
773:
565:
species are very interfertile, and will self-sow. Some varieties are short-lived so are better treated as
3639:
2205:
2173:
2132:
2081:
1990:
1939:
1835:
1669:
1595:
1555:
1488:
1154:
1086:
1028:
919:
397:
species have a ring of staminodia around the base of the stigma, which may help protect against insects.
3717:
3691:
3305:
3103:
2429:
2347:
2317:
2277:
2183:
2091:
1824:
1814:
1787:
1776:
1753:
1545:
1325:
1226:
1196:
1107:
1006:
966:
487:
3191:
2409:
2368:
2358:
2337:
2153:
2000:
1743:
1565:
1467:
1379:
1302:
1206:
899:
2508:
2419:
2227:
1498:
1246:
986:
909:
3831:
3660:
3060:
2670:
1799:
1763:
1731:
1699:
1646:
1508:
1419:
1400:
1368:
1355:
1345:
1293:
1266:
1174:
1123:
1096:
1065:
950:
875:
765:
713:
694:
512:
3743:
2111:
140:
2142:
2121:
1979:
1875:
1709:
1635:
1048:
686:
654:
3952:
3924:
3857:
3699:
3387:
3084:
3003:
2791:
2378:
2237:
2216:
2051:
2020:
1792:
1715:
1477:
1454:
1312:
1280:
1185:
1076:
1017:
557:
537:
506:
203:
174:
54:
46:
2659:"Within and between Whorls: Comparative Transcriptional Profiling of Aquilegia and Arabidopsis"
3839:
3782:
3647:
3511:
3449:
3412:
3379:
3298:
3276:
3269:
3247:
3241:
3223:
3176:
3145:
3076:
2995:
2874:
2851:
2844:
2826:
2706:
2688:
2071:
1723:
1656:
1430:
737:
635:
584:. Some time during or before 2014 the collection started to succumb to Aquilegia Downy Mildew
544:
398:
291:
3893:
2561:
spur length diversity through changes in cell anisotropy. Proceedings of the Royal
Society B.
3844:
3501:
3493:
3371:
3340:
3332:
3237:
3068:
3028:
2987:
2783:
2696:
2678:
2163:
1389:
939:
888:
729:
474:
386:
661:, can be classified as non-toxic, since a dose of 3000 mg/kg did not cause mortality.
516:
in North
America and Belgium. The bees do not show any preference in color of the flowers.
2557:
Puzey, J.R., Gerbode, S.J., Hodges, S.A., Kramer, E.M., Mahadevan, L. (2011) Evolution of
1768:
1535:
1272:
976:
858:
631:
602:
577:
540:
500:
245:
97:
3704:
3602:
3267:
Allan M. Armitage: Armitage's Native Plants for North
American Gardens.Timber Press, 2006
2657:
Voelckel, Claudia; Borevitz, Justin O.; Kramer, Elena M.; Hodges, Scott A. (2010-03-23).
3064:
2674:
844:
700:
3506:
3430:
3345:
3312:
3290:
3159:
2701:
2658:
1880:
1719:
650:
566:
549:
411:
360:
84:
820:
810:
3946:
2471:
2446:
504:, a species of bumblebee. Specifically, they have been found to forage on species of
482:
257:
157:
130:
3463:
3007:
870:
832:
347:
segments). Five tubular honey-leaves are semi erect with a flat limb and spurred or
3929:
3424:
3391:
3088:
2809:
678:
643:
450:
446:
166:
120:
3626:
3613:
3473:
Puzey, J. R.; Gerbode, S. J.; Hodges, S. A.; Kramer, E. M.; Mahadevan, L. (2011).
2976:"Hepatoprotective effect of the extract and isocytisoside from Aquilegia vulgaris"
3652:
3266:
3217:
3166:
3135:
2868:
2841:
2683:
552:
3 in the United States so does not require mulching or protection in the winter.
3808:
3751:
3596:
2646:. New York and London: C.P. Putnam's Sons, The Knickerbocker Press. p. 134.
2451:
624:
449:– noted for feeding on many poisonous plants without harm – such as
442:
438:
334:
3903:
2474:, a variety of terms are used to describe the whorl of structures between the
777:
749:
745:
466:
367:
3587:
2692:
256:, and at higher elevations throughout the Northern Hemisphere, known for the
3673:
3131:
2975:
2915:
2479:
725:
620:
390:
288:
3883:
3515:
3497:
3383:
3336:
3080:
2999:
2710:
615:
The flowers of various species of columbine were consumed in moderation by
555:
Large numbers of hybrids are available for the garden, since the
European
3878:
3581:
1805:
769:
757:
682:
529:
458:
417:
364:
341:
338:
299:
253:
110:
3072:
2737:
37:
3730:
2795:
581:
375:
371:
356:
348:
330:
315:
241:
3756:
2991:
2475:
352:
303:
261:
249:
3558:
3524:
Aquilegia: A New Model for Plant
Development, Ecology, and Evolution
2787:
3375:
370:. There are ten membranaceous intrastaminal scales. There are five
3678:
2842:
Andrew McIndoe, Kevin Hobbs: Perennials. David & Charles, 2005
869:
857:
843:
831:
819:
809:
797:
768:", being due to flower color and orientation controlled by their
699:
627:
597:
561:
was hybridized with other
European and North American varieties.
523:
426:
382:
344:
319:
277:
237:
71:
3769:
3216:
Kubitzki, Klaus; Rohwer, Jens G.; Bittrich, Volker, eds. (1993).
638:
if consumed as food. Native
Americans used very small amounts of
2895:"Plant Heritage - National Collections Scheme, UK Garden Plants"
485:, also uses columbine as a larval food plant. The larvae of the
295:
3562:
318:
leaves are similar to the basal ones, while the upper ones are
3665:
653:
test in mice has demonstrated that ethanol extract mixed with
3168:
The Plant-Book: A Portable Dictionary of the Vascular Plants
2949:"Plant of the Week: Yellow Columbine (Aquilegia flavescens)"
1912:(S.L.Welsh & N.D.Atwood) N.H.Holmgren & P.K.Holmgren
2766:
Macior, Lazarus Walter (1966-03-01). "Foraging Behavior of
2530:"Aquilegia Plants: How To Grow And Take Care Of Aquilegias"
2478:
and stamens, including honey-leaves, petals, staminodes or
657:, the main flavonoid compound from the leaves and stems of
180:
2595:
2593:
1897:(S.L.Welsh & Goodrich) N.H.Holmgren & P.K.Holmgren
2610:
2608:
2385:– common columbine, European columbine, granny's nightcap
351:
at the base. The spur is directed backwards and secretes
3479:
petals is achieved solely through cell-shape anisotropy"
3486:
Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences
3325:
Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences
1241:
Bacch., Brullo, Congiu, Fenu, J.L.Garrido & Mattana
409:
Columbines are closely related to plants in the genera
3137:
Flora Europaea. Volume 1, Psilotaceae to Platanaceae
2625:
2623:
333:
are terminal to stem and branches. They are usually
3571:
3130:Cullen, J; et al. (1993) . "Aquilegia L.". In
2574:. San Francisco, CA: Sutro Stewards. 25 July 2017.
2553:
2551:
1149:Moraldo, E.Nardi & la Valva (doubtfully valid)
310:, blades 3-lobed -partite, and lobes lobulate and
2584:
3429:Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh (RBGE) : Digital
3041:Fulton & Hodges (1999), Hodges et al. (2002)
3190:Whittemore, Alan T.; Parfitt, Bruce D. (2003).
724:Columbines have been important in the study of
3259:
2722:
2720:
8:
3285:Dezhi, Fu; Robinson, Orbélia R. (2001): 19.
2599:
752:. Bees and hummingbirds are the visitors to
2354:– green columbine, green-flowered columbine
3559:
3447:. Mountain Press Pub., Missoula, Montana.
3134:; Burges, N. A.; Edmondson, J. R. (eds.).
2394:Steven ex Fisch., C.A.Mey. & Avé-Lall.
36:
27:
3505:
3344:
2955:. United States Department of Agriculture
2700:
2682:
2614:
1884:– Mancos columbine, Bluff City columbine
1011:Arrigoni & E.Nardi (doubtfully valid)
3102:Dezhi, Fu; Robinson, Orbélia R. (2001).
2005:(Falc. ex Brühl) J.R.Drumm. & Hutch.
3475:"Evolution of spur-length diversity in
3460:United States Department of Agriculture
3445:Edible and Medicinal Plants of the West
2494:
2463:
2128:– Sierra columbine, Coville's columbine
1550:Erst, Luferov, Wei Wang & K.l.Xiang
1437:– crimson columbine, western columbine
2629:
2504:
2502:
2500:
2498:
710:Sleeping Bear Dunes National Lakeshore
689:). It is also used as a symbol of the
2770:(Hymenoptera: Apidae) in Relation to
2742:- Columbine Borer Moth - Hodges#9478"
2736:Roberts, Jason D. (August 19, 2015).
697:in the Canadian province of Ontario.
437:They are used as food plants by some
359:are numerous (often more than 50) in
16:Genus of perennial plants (columbine)
7:
3917:6e3fc015-bf90-4d24-807c-ff74b0561c9c
3832:e6ef1470-c015-49a9-9098-1c71e3b224c7
1130:– Canadian columbine, wild columbine
882:130 columbine species are accepted.
421:(wolfsbanes/monkshoods), which like
576:s was held by Mrs Carrie Thomas at
572:The British National Collection of
3311:Fulton, M.; Hodges, S. A. (1999).
2934:
389:which are semi erect and slightly
14:
3398:Nold, Robert (2003): Columbines:
2572:"Columbine: A Flower of Meanings"
2178:Casim.-Sor.Solanas & Cabezudo
3871:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:325954-2
2201:– blue columbine, Utah columbine
1870:(Quézel & Contandr.) E.Nardi
1221:(Maire & Sennen) Rivas Mart.
58:
3527:Annual Review of Plant Biology,
1944:(J.F.Macbr. & Payson) Cronk
1:
2873:. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt.
2585:Whittemore & Parfitt 2003
1450:(Fisch. & C.A.Mey.) Baker
1033:Erst, Karakulov & Luferov
991:(Litard. & Maire) E.Nardi
764:when given a choice. Such a "
3443:Tilford, Gregory L. (1997):
2684:10.1371/journal.pone.0009735
2642:Armstrong, Margaret (1915).
498:are a major food source for
195:
3963:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
1081:Podobnik (doubtfully valid)
294:, with woody, erect stock,
3981:
3313:"Floral isolation between
3293:& Hong, D. Y. (eds.):
3173:Cambridge University Press
3165:Mabberley, D. J. (1997) .
3142:Cambridge University Press
2824:The Perennial Encyclopedia
2776:American Journal of Botany
2516:Plants of the World Online
2190:– Rocky Mountain columbine
1674:Erst, Shaulo & Shmakov
1610:S.L.Welsh & N.D.Atwood
1407:– fan columbine, Japanese
363:of 5, the innermost being
215:Bubani (1901), nom. illeg.
21:Aquilegia (disambiguation)
18:
3246:. Springer. p. 580.
2867:Cullina, William (2000).
1192:– Colorado blue columbine
587:Peronospora aquilegiicola
385:has several (five to 15)
209:
202:
192:
187:
172:
165:
55:Scientific classification
53:
44:
35:
30:
3469:. Retrieved 2008-NOV-25.
3440:. Retrieved 2008-NOV-25.
2974:Adamska, T (June 2003).
2810:"The Gardener's Network"
2519:. Retrieved 17 May 2024.
2298:Aquilegia transsilvanica
1396:– Van Houtte's columbine
997:Aquilegia baluchistanica
728:. It was found that the
642:root as a treatment for
630:which cause both severe
491:also feed on columbine.
3534:"How to Grow Columbine"
3364:The American Naturalist
3202:Oxford University Press
3192:"Ranunculaceae Jussieu"
2400:Aquilegia xinjiangensis
2308:Aquilegia turczaninovii
2042:Aquilegia × oenipontana
1960:Aquilegia moorcroftiana
1375:– western red columbine
1103:– smallflower columbine
1013:– Barbaricina columbine
671:Colorado blue columbine
3522:Kramer, E. M. (2009).
3498:10.1098/rspb.2011.1873
3337:10.1098/rspb.1999.0915
3197:Flora of North America
2947:Dermatier, Charmaine.
2534:Daylilies in Australia
2390:Aquilegia wittmanniana
2328:Aquilegia ullepitschii
2288:Aquilegia tianschanica
2086:Trautv. & C.A.Mey.
2066:Barberis & E.Nardi
2062:Aquilegia ophiolithica
2025:Arrigoni & E.Nardi
2015:Arrigoni & E.Nardi
1950:Aquilegia montsicciana
1866:Aquilegia meridionalis
1856:Aquilegia × maruyamana
1680:Aquilegia kanawarensis
1586:Aquilegia hirsutissima
1298:– desolation columbine
1289:Aquilegia desolaticola
1251:Qureshi & Chaudhri
1169:Qureshi & Chaudhri
1165:Aquilegia chitralensis
1145:Aquilegia champagnatii
1001:Qureshi & Chaudhri
879:
867:
855:
841:
829:
817:
807:
776:and can be a cause of
774:reproductive isolation
716:
612:
533:
479:Ectropis crepuscularia
471:Amphipyra tragopoginis
445:. These are mainly of
3464:USDA Plants Profile:
3291:Raven, Peter Hamilton
3260:Kubitzki et al (1993)
3029:"City of Scarborough"
2740:Papaipema leucostigma
2348:Aquilegia viridiflora
2312:Kamelin & Gubanov
2248:Aquilegia sternbergii
2184:Aquilegia saximontana
1995:Niketić & Cikovak
1986:– Bulgarian columbine
1930:Aquilegia microcentra
1846:Aquilegia marcelliana
1829:F.Conti & Soldano
1825:Aquilegia magellensis
1788:Aquilegia litardierei
1777:Aquilegia laramiensis
1590:Timb.-Lagr. ex Gariod
1576:Aquilegia hinckleyana
1493:Kamelin & Gubanov
1472:(S.L.Welsh) S.L.Welsh
1459:Fisch. & C.A.Mey.
1394:Van Houtte ex Planch.
1364:– Einsele's columbine
1330:Levier & Leresche
1237:Aquilegia cremnophila
1135:Aquilegia cazorlensis
1108:Aquilegia buergeriana
1072:– Bertoloni columbine
1061:– Bernard's columbine
1024:– oil shale columbine
1007:Aquilegia barbaricina
930:Aquilegia aragonensis
873:
861:
847:
835:
823:
813:
801:
703:
601:
527:
488:Papaipema leucostigma
463:Melanchra persicariae
441:(butterfly and moth)
337:(with five spreading
3958:Ranunculaceae genera
3222:. Berlin: Springer.
3144:. pp. 287–290.
3104:"Aquilegia Linnaeus"
2822:John Kilmer (1989).
2644:Western Wild Flowers
2268:Aquilegia synakensis
2258:Aquilegia subscaposa
2223:– Siberian columbine
2195:Aquilegia scopulorum
2149:– Pyrenean columbine
2102:Aquilegia parviflora
2032:Aquilegia ochotensis
2027:– Nuragica columbine
2011:Aquilegia nugorensis
1970:Aquilegia nevadensis
1899:– Graham's columbine
1810:– longspur columbine
1800:Aquilegia longissima
1764:Aquilegia lactiflora
1732:Aquilegia kitaibelii
1700:Aquilegia karatavica
1690:Aquilegia kansuensis
1684:Jacquem. ex Cambess.
1630:Aquilegia canadensis
1606:Aquilegia holmgrenii
1526:Aquilegia gracillima
1521:– Siberian columbine
1509:Aquilegia glandulosa
1484:– fragrant columbine
1420:Aquilegia flavescens
1401:Aquilegia flabellata
1369:Aquilegia elegantula
1356:Aquilegia einseleana
1346:Aquilegia ecalcarata
1336:Aquilegia dumeticola
1267:Aquilegia desertorum
1257:Aquilegia daingolica
1217:Aquilegia cossoniana
1175:Aquilegia chrysantha
1124:Aquilegia canadensis
1097:Aquilegia brevistyla
1066:Aquilegia bertolonii
1039:Aquilegia bashahrica
951:Aquilegia atrovinosa
876:Aquilegia longissima
862:Pyrenean columbine (
836:Fragrant columbine (
826:Aquilegia flabellata
788:Aquilegia longissima
766:pollination syndrome
714:Glen Arbor, Michigan
706:Aquilegia canadensis
513:Aquilegia chrysantha
494:Plants in the genus
425:produce cardiogenic
19:For other uses, see
3492:(1733): 1640–1645.
3360:Aquilegia pubescens
3331:(1435): 2247–2252.
3319:Aquilegia pubescens
3073:10.1038/nature05857
3065:2007Natur.447..706W
2675:2010PLoSO...5.9735V
2206:Aquilegia shockleyi
2174:Aquilegia saxifraga
2143:Aquilegia pyrenaica
2133:Aquilegia pubiflora
2122:Aquilegia pubescens
2082:Aquilegia oxysepala
1991:Aquilegia nikolicii
1980:Aquilegia nigricans
1940:Aquilegia × miniana
1918:Aquilegia micrantha
1904:Aquilegia micrantha
1889:Aquilegia micrantha
1876:Aquilegia micrantha
1836:Aquilegia maimanica
1831:– Magella columbine
1783:– Laramie columbine
1710:Aquilegia karelinii
1670:Aquilegia kamelinii
1642:- Qinling columbine
1636:Aquilegia incurvata
1616:Aquilegia × hybrida
1596:Aquilegia hispanica
1556:Aquilegia guarensis
1489:Aquilegia ganboldii
1405:Siebold & Zucc.
1321:- Dinaric columbine
1155:Aquilegia chaplinei
1087:Aquilegia borodinii
1049:Aquilegia bernardii
1029:Aquilegia barykinae
920:Aquilegia aradanica
914:(Marchetti) E.Nardi
864:Aquilegia pyrenaica
687:Columbine, Colorado
2916:"Touchwood Plants"
2430:Aquilegia zapateri
2379:Aquilegia vulgaris
2318:Aquilegia tuvinica
2278:Aquilegia taygetea
2238:Aquilegia skinneri
2217:Aquilegia sibirica
2212:– desert columbine
2092:Aquilegia pancicii
2052:Aquilegia olympica
2021:Aquilegia nuragica
1974:Boiss. & Reut.
1914:– Lori's columbine
1815:Aquilegia lucensis
1754:Aquilegia kubanica
1727:- Afghan columbine
1665:– Jones' columbine
1626:Aquilegia vulgaris
1546:Aquilegia grubovii
1478:Aquilegia fragrans
1455:Aquilegia truncata
1426:– yellow columbine
1326:Aquilegia discolor
1313:Aquilegia dinarica
1284:– desert columbine
1227:Aquilegia × cottia
1197:Aquilegia colchica
1186:Aquilegia coerulea
1181:– golden columbine
1077:Aquilegia blecicii
1018:Aquilegia barnebyi
967:Aquilegia atwoodii
895:– alpine columbine
880:
868:
856:
842:
838:Aquilegia fragrans
830:
818:
808:
748:specifically to a
717:
677:) is the official
659:Aquilegia vulgaris
636:heart palpitations
613:
534:
507:Aquilegia vulgaris
455:Mamestra brassicae
415:(baneberries) and
306:are compound, 1–3
248:that are found in
175:Aquilegia vulgaris
47:Aquilegia vulgaris
3940:
3939:
3840:Open Tree of Life
3565:Taxon identifiers
3456:
3419:
3356:Aquilegia formosa
3315:Aquilegia formosa
3281:978-0-88192-760-3
3182:978-0-521-41421-0
3151:978-0-521-41007-6
3059:(7145): 706–709.
2953:US Forest Service
2856:978-1-55870-764-1
2600:Cullen et al 1993
2424:Y.Luo & Lu Li
2410:Aquilegia yabeana
2369:Aquilegia vitalii
2364:
2359:Aquilegia viscosa
2353:
2338:Aquilegia vicaria
2303:
2293:
2272:Shaulo & Erst
2154:Aquilegia reuteri
2148:
2097:
2077:
2072:Aquilegia ottonis
2057:
2016:
2001:Aquilegia nivalis
1985:
1883:
1830:
1809:
1795:
1772:
1744:Aquilegia kozakii
1739:
1726:
1705:
1664:
1657:Aquilegia jonesii
1641:
1623:
1566:Aquilegia hebeica
1520:
1483:
1468:Aquilegia fosteri
1461:) – red columbine
1442:Aquilegia formosa
1431:Aquilegia formosa
1380:Aquilegia × emodi
1363:
1320:
1303:Aquilegia dichroa
1297:
1283:
1261:Erst & Shaulo
1207:Aquilegia confusa
1159:Standl. ex Payson
1150:
1119:
1082:
1071:
1060:
1012:
982:
962:
945:
924:Shaulo & Erst
900:Aquilegia amaliae
894:
760:would only visit
738:crimson columbine
399:Chromosome number
221:
220:
161:
3970:
3933:
3932:
3920:
3919:
3907:
3906:
3897:
3896:
3887:
3886:
3874:
3873:
3861:
3860:
3848:
3847:
3835:
3834:
3825:
3824:
3812:
3811:
3809:NHMSYS0000456001
3799:
3798:
3786:
3785:
3773:
3772:
3760:
3759:
3747:
3746:
3734:
3733:
3721:
3720:
3708:
3707:
3695:
3694:
3682:
3681:
3669:
3668:
3656:
3655:
3643:
3642:
3630:
3629:
3617:
3616:
3607:
3606:
3605:
3592:
3591:
3590:
3560:
3549:
3547:
3545:
3538:American Meadows
3519:
3509:
3483:
3448:
3411:
3410:. Timber Press.
3395:
3350:
3348:
3257:
3233:
3212:
3210:
3208:
3186:
3171:(2nd ed.).
3155:
3116:
3115:
3099:
3093:
3092:
3048:
3042:
3039:
3033:
3032:
3025:
3019:
3018:
3016:
3014:
2992:10.1002/ptr.1233
2971:
2965:
2964:
2962:
2960:
2944:
2938:
2932:
2926:
2925:
2923:
2922:
2912:
2906:
2905:
2903:
2902:
2891:
2885:
2884:
2864:
2858:
2839:
2833:
2820:
2814:
2813:
2806:
2800:
2799:
2763:
2757:
2756:
2754:
2752:
2733:
2727:
2724:
2715:
2714:
2704:
2686:
2654:
2648:
2647:
2639:
2633:
2627:
2618:
2612:
2603:
2597:
2588:
2582:
2576:
2575:
2568:
2562:
2555:
2546:
2545:
2543:
2541:
2526:
2520:
2506:
2482:
2468:
2435:
2425:
2420:Aquilegia yangii
2415:
2405:
2395:
2384:
2374:
2362:
2351:
2343:
2333:
2323:
2313:
2301:
2291:
2283:
2273:
2263:
2253:
2243:
2233:
2232:(Strobl) E.Nardi
2228:Aquilegia sicula
2222:
2211:
2200:
2189:
2179:
2169:
2164:Aquilegia rockii
2159:
2146:
2138:
2127:
2117:
2107:
2095:
2087:
2075:
2067:
2055:
2047:
2046:A.Kern. ex Riedl
2037:
2026:
2014:
2006:
1996:
1983:
1975:
1965:
1955:
1945:
1935:
1913:
1898:
1879:
1871:
1861:
1851:
1841:
1828:
1820:
1804:
1791:
1782:
1767:
1759:
1749:
1735:
1713:
1703:
1695:
1685:
1675:
1660:
1652:
1639:
1619:
1611:
1601:
1591:
1581:
1571:
1561:
1551:
1541:
1540:Maly ex Zimmeter
1531:
1512:
1504:
1499:Aquilegia gegica
1494:
1481:
1473:
1460:
1451:
1436:
1425:
1406:
1395:
1390:Aquilegia eximia
1385:
1374:
1359:
1351:
1341:
1331:
1316:
1308:
1296:& N.D.Atwood
1292:
1270:
1262:
1252:
1247:Aquilegia cymosa
1242:
1232:
1222:
1212:
1202:
1191:
1180:
1170:
1160:
1148:
1140:
1129:
1111:
1102:
1092:
1080:
1069:
1052:
1044:
1034:
1023:
1010:
1002:
992:
987:Aquilegia ballii
980:
972:
954:
946:– dark columbine
943:
940:Aquilegia atrata
935:
925:
915:
910:Aquilegia apuana
905:
904:Heldr. ex Boiss.
892:
889:Aquilegia alpina
815:Aquilegia alpina
804:Aquilegia atrata
802:Dark columbine (
730:Sierra columbine
704:Wild columbine (
617:Native Americans
260:petals of their
246:perennial plants
230:granny's bonnet
216:
156:
63:
62:
40:
28:
3980:
3979:
3973:
3972:
3971:
3969:
3968:
3967:
3943:
3942:
3941:
3936:
3928:
3923:
3915:
3910:
3902:
3900:
3892:
3890:
3882:
3877:
3869:
3864:
3856:
3851:
3843:
3838:
3830:
3828:
3820:
3815:
3807:
3802:
3794:
3789:
3781:
3776:
3768:
3763:
3755:
3750:
3742:
3737:
3729:
3724:
3716:
3711:
3703:
3698:
3690:
3685:
3677:
3672:
3664:
3659:
3651:
3646:
3638:
3633:
3625:
3620:
3612:
3610:
3601:
3600:
3595:
3586:
3585:
3580:
3567:
3557:
3552:
3543:
3541:
3532:
3481:
3472:
3353:
3310:
3254:
3236:
3230:
3215:
3206:
3204:
3189:
3183:
3164:
3152:
3129:
3125:
3120:
3119:
3101:
3100:
3096:
3050:
3049:
3045:
3040:
3036:
3027:
3026:
3022:
3012:
3010:
2973:
2972:
2968:
2958:
2956:
2946:
2945:
2941:
2933:
2929:
2920:
2918:
2914:
2913:
2909:
2900:
2898:
2893:
2892:
2888:
2881:
2866:
2865:
2861:
2840:
2836:
2821:
2817:
2808:
2807:
2803:
2788:10.2307/2439803
2765:
2764:
2760:
2750:
2748:
2735:
2734:
2730:
2725:
2718:
2656:
2655:
2651:
2641:
2640:
2636:
2628:
2621:
2613:
2606:
2598:
2591:
2583:
2579:
2570:
2569:
2565:
2556:
2549:
2539:
2537:
2528:
2527:
2523:
2507:
2496:
2491:
2486:
2485:
2469:
2465:
2460:
2443:
2438:
2433:
2423:
2413:
2403:
2393:
2382:
2372:
2341:
2331:
2321:
2311:
2281:
2271:
2261:
2251:
2241:
2231:
2220:
2209:
2198:
2187:
2177:
2167:
2157:
2136:
2125:
2115:
2105:
2085:
2076:Orph. ex Boiss.
2065:
2045:
2035:
2024:
2004:
1994:
1973:
1963:
1953:
1943:
1933:
1911:
1896:
1869:
1859:
1849:
1839:
1818:
1780:
1757:
1747:
1693:
1683:
1673:
1650:
1647:Aquilegia iulia
1609:
1600:(Willk.) Borbás
1599:
1589:
1579:
1569:
1559:
1549:
1539:
1536:Aquilegia grata
1529:
1502:
1492:
1471:
1458:
1449:
1434:
1423:
1404:
1393:
1383:
1372:
1349:
1339:
1329:
1306:
1260:
1250:
1240:
1230:
1220:
1210:
1200:
1189:
1178:
1168:
1158:
1138:
1127:
1100:
1090:
1042:
1032:
1021:
1000:
990:
977:Aquilegia aurea
970:
933:
923:
913:
903:
824:Fan columbine (
796:
722:
667:
632:gastroenteritis
603:Double-flowered
596:
536:Columbine is a
522:
510:in Belgium and
501:Bombus hortorum
435:
407:
286:
276:comes from the
272:The genus name
270:
228:(common names:
214:
183:
178:
155:
57:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3978:
3977:
3974:
3966:
3965:
3960:
3955:
3945:
3944:
3938:
3937:
3935:
3934:
3930:wfo-4000002807
3921:
3908:
3898:
3888:
3875:
3862:
3849:
3836:
3826:
3813:
3800:
3787:
3774:
3761:
3748:
3735:
3722:
3709:
3696:
3683:
3670:
3657:
3644:
3631:
3618:
3608:
3593:
3577:
3575:
3569:
3568:
3563:
3556:
3555:External links
3553:
3551:
3550:
3530:
3520:
3470:
3457:
3441:
3431:Flora Europaea
3427:
3396:
3376:10.1086/338372
3351:
3308:
3295:Flora of China
3287:Aquilegia. In:
3283:
3264:
3263:
3262:
3252:
3240:(1993-07-28).
3229:978-3540555094
3228:
3213:
3187:
3181:
3162:
3160:Flora Europaea
3150:
3140:(2 ed.).
3126:
3124:
3121:
3118:
3117:
3108:Flora of China
3094:
3043:
3034:
3020:
2986:(6): 691–696.
2966:
2939:
2927:
2907:
2886:
2879:
2859:
2834:
2815:
2801:
2782:(3): 302–309.
2774:Pollination".
2758:
2728:
2726:Tilford (1997)
2716:
2649:
2634:
2619:
2615:Mabberley 1997
2604:
2589:
2577:
2563:
2547:
2521:
2493:
2492:
2490:
2487:
2484:
2483:
2462:
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2436:
2426:
2416:
2406:
2396:
2386:
2375:
2365:
2355:
2344:
2334:
2324:
2322:I.M.Vassiljeva
2314:
2304:
2294:
2284:
2274:
2264:
2254:
2244:
2234:
2224:
2213:
2202:
2191:
2180:
2170:
2160:
2150:
2139:
2137:Wall. ex Royle
2129:
2118:
2112:Aquilegia paui
2108:
2098:
2088:
2078:
2068:
2058:
2048:
2038:
2028:
2017:
2007:
1997:
1987:
1976:
1966:
1964:Wall. ex Royle
1956:
1946:
1936:
1926:
1925:
1924:
1915:
1900:
1872:
1862:
1852:
1842:
1832:
1821:
1811:
1796:
1784:
1773:
1760:
1758:I.M.Vassiljeva
1750:
1740:
1728:
1706:
1696:
1686:
1676:
1666:
1653:
1643:
1632:
1612:
1602:
1592:
1582:
1572:
1562:
1552:
1542:
1532:
1522:
1505:
1495:
1485:
1474:
1464:
1463:
1462:
1427:
1416:
1397:
1386:
1376:
1365:
1352:
1342:
1332:
1322:
1309:
1299:
1285:
1263:
1253:
1243:
1233:
1223:
1213:
1203:
1193:
1182:
1171:
1161:
1151:
1141:
1131:
1120:
1104:
1093:
1083:
1073:
1062:
1045:
1035:
1025:
1014:
1003:
993:
983:
973:
963:
947:
936:
926:
916:
906:
896:
884:
795:
792:
721:
718:
666:
663:
651:acute toxicity
595:
592:
550:hardiness zone
521:
518:
434:
431:
406:
403:
298:forming thick
285:
282:
269:
266:
219:
218:
207:
206:
200:
199:
190:
189:
185:
184:
179:
170:
169:
163:
162:
148:
144:
143:
141:Thalictroideae
138:
134:
133:
128:
124:
123:
118:
114:
113:
108:
101:
100:
95:
88:
87:
82:
75:
74:
69:
65:
64:
51:
50:
42:
41:
33:
32:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3976:
3975:
3964:
3961:
3959:
3956:
3954:
3951:
3950:
3948:
3931:
3926:
3922:
3918:
3913:
3909:
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3899:
3895:
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3771:
3766:
3762:
3758:
3753:
3749:
3745:
3740:
3736:
3732:
3727:
3723:
3719:
3714:
3710:
3706:
3701:
3697:
3693:
3688:
3684:
3680:
3675:
3671:
3667:
3662:
3658:
3654:
3649:
3645:
3641:
3636:
3632:
3628:
3623:
3619:
3615:
3609:
3604:
3598:
3594:
3589:
3583:
3579:
3578:
3576:
3574:
3570:
3566:
3561:
3554:
3539:
3535:
3531:
3528:
3525:
3521:
3517:
3513:
3508:
3503:
3499:
3495:
3491:
3487:
3480:
3478:
3471:
3468:
3467:
3461:
3458:
3455:
3454:0-87842-359-1
3451:
3446:
3442:
3439:
3437:
3432:
3428:
3426:
3422:
3418:
3417:0-88192-588-8
3414:
3409:
3408:Semiaquilegia
3405:
3401:
3397:
3393:
3389:
3385:
3381:
3377:
3373:
3369:
3365:
3361:
3357:
3352:
3347:
3342:
3338:
3334:
3330:
3326:
3322:
3320:
3316:
3309:
3307:
3306:HTML fulltext
3304:
3303:1-930723-25-3
3300:
3296:
3292:
3288:
3284:
3282:
3278:
3275:
3274:0-88192-760-0
3271:
3268:
3265:
3261:
3255:
3253:9783540555094
3249:
3245:
3244:
3239:
3235:
3234:
3231:
3225:
3221:
3220:
3214:
3203:
3199:
3198:
3193:
3188:
3184:
3178:
3174:
3170:
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3163:
3161:
3158:
3153:
3147:
3143:
3139:
3138:
3133:
3128:
3127:
3122:
3113:
3109:
3105:
3098:
3095:
3090:
3086:
3082:
3078:
3074:
3070:
3066:
3062:
3058:
3054:
3047:
3044:
3038:
3035:
3030:
3024:
3021:
3009:
3005:
3001:
2997:
2993:
2989:
2985:
2981:
2980:Phytother Res
2977:
2970:
2967:
2954:
2950:
2943:
2940:
2936:
2931:
2928:
2917:
2911:
2908:
2896:
2890:
2887:
2882:
2876:
2872:
2871:
2863:
2860:
2857:
2853:
2850:
2849:1-55870-764-6
2846:
2843:
2838:
2835:
2832:
2831:0-88665-639-7
2828:
2825:
2819:
2816:
2811:
2805:
2802:
2797:
2793:
2789:
2785:
2781:
2777:
2773:
2769:
2762:
2759:
2747:
2743:
2741:
2732:
2729:
2723:
2721:
2717:
2712:
2708:
2703:
2698:
2694:
2690:
2685:
2680:
2676:
2672:
2668:
2664:
2660:
2653:
2650:
2645:
2638:
2635:
2631:
2626:
2624:
2620:
2617:, p. 50.
2616:
2611:
2609:
2605:
2601:
2596:
2594:
2590:
2586:
2581:
2578:
2573:
2567:
2564:
2560:
2554:
2552:
2548:
2536:. 28 May 2016
2535:
2531:
2525:
2522:
2518:
2517:
2513:
2511:
2505:
2503:
2501:
2499:
2495:
2488:
2481:
2477:
2473:
2472:Ranunculaceae
2467:
2464:
2457:
2453:
2450:
2448:
2447:Columbine cup
2445:
2444:
2440:
2432:
2431:
2427:
2422:
2421:
2417:
2412:
2411:
2407:
2402:
2401:
2397:
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2018:
2013:
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1624:– hybrids of
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1448:
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1439:
1438:
1435:Fisch. ex DC.
1433:
1432:
1428:
1422:
1421:
1417:
1414:
1410:
1403:
1402:
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1198:
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1162:
1157:
1156:
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1147:
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1125:
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839:
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747:
743:
739:
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731:
727:
719:
715:
711:
708:) growing in
707:
702:
698:
696:
692:
688:
684:
680:
676:
672:
664:
662:
660:
656:
655:isocytisoside
652:
647:
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637:
633:
629:
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611:
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519:
517:
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509:
508:
503:
502:
497:
492:
490:
489:
484:
483:geometer moth
480:
476:
472:
468:
464:
460:
456:
452:
448:
447:noctuid moths
444:
440:
432:
430:
428:
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419:
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404:
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396:
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388:
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354:
350:
346:
343:
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336:
332:
328:
327:hermaphrodite
323:
321:
317:
313:
309:
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301:
297:
293:
290:
283:
281:
279:
275:
267:
265:
263:
259:
255:
251:
247:
243:
240:of about 130
239:
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231:
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217:
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208:
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186:
182:
177:
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168:
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149:
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139:
136:
135:
132:
131:Ranunculaceae
129:
126:
125:
122:
119:
116:
115:
112:
109:
106:
103:
102:
99:
96:
93:
90:
89:
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85:Tracheophytes
83:
80:
77:
76:
73:
70:
67:
66:
61:
56:
52:
49:
48:
43:
39:
34:
29:
26:
22:
3572:
3542:. Retrieved
3537:
3526:
3489:
3485:
3476:
3465:
3444:
3438:species list
3435:
3425:Google Books
3407:
3404:Paraquilegia
3403:
3399:
3367:
3363:
3359:
3355:
3328:
3324:
3318:
3314:
3294:
3286:
3242:
3218:
3205:. Retrieved
3200:. New York:
3195:
3167:
3156:
3136:
3132:Tutin, T. G.
3123:Bibliography
3111:
3107:
3097:
3056:
3052:
3046:
3037:
3023:
3011:. Retrieved
2983:
2979:
2969:
2957:. Retrieved
2952:
2942:
2930:
2919:. Retrieved
2910:
2899:. Retrieved
2889:
2869:
2862:
2837:
2823:
2818:
2804:
2779:
2775:
2771:
2767:
2761:
2749:. Retrieved
2745:
2739:
2731:
2669:(3): e9735.
2666:
2662:
2652:
2643:
2637:
2580:
2566:
2558:
2538:. Retrieved
2533:
2524:
2514:
2509:
2466:
2428:
2418:
2408:
2398:
2388:
2377:
2367:
2357:
2346:
2336:
2326:
2316:
2306:
2296:
2286:
2276:
2266:
2256:
2246:
2236:
2226:
2215:
2204:
2193:
2182:
2172:
2162:
2152:
2141:
2131:
2120:
2110:
2100:
2090:
2080:
2070:
2060:
2050:
2040:
2030:
2019:
2009:
1999:
1989:
1978:
1968:
1958:
1948:
1938:
1928:
1921:
1917:
1907:
1903:
1892:
1888:
1874:
1864:
1854:
1844:
1834:
1823:
1813:
1798:
1786:
1775:
1762:
1752:
1742:
1730:
1708:
1698:
1694:(Brühl) Erst
1688:
1678:
1668:
1655:
1645:
1634:
1629:
1625:
1614:
1604:
1594:
1584:
1574:
1564:
1554:
1544:
1534:
1524:
1507:
1503:Jabr.-Kolak.
1497:
1487:
1476:
1466:
1453:
1445:
1441:
1429:
1418:
1413:A. akitensis
1412:
1409:wodamakinari
1408:
1399:
1388:
1378:
1367:
1354:
1344:
1334:
1324:
1311:
1301:
1287:
1265:
1255:
1245:
1235:
1225:
1215:
1205:
1195:
1184:
1173:
1163:
1153:
1143:
1133:
1122:
1106:
1095:
1085:
1075:
1064:
1047:
1037:
1027:
1016:
1005:
995:
985:
975:
965:
949:
938:
928:
918:
908:
898:
887:
881:
874:
863:
852:
848:
837:
825:
814:
803:
787:
783:
782:
762:A. pubescens
761:
753:
741:
734:A. pubescens
733:
723:
705:
679:state flower
674:
668:
658:
648:
639:
614:
609:
605:
585:
573:
571:
562:
556:
554:
535:
511:
505:
499:
495:
493:
486:
478:
470:
462:
454:
451:cabbage moth
443:caterpillars
436:
422:
416:
410:
408:
394:
380:
324:
302:. The basal
287:
273:
271:
233:
229:
224:
223:
222:
211:
210:
193:
173:
167:Type species
151:
150:
121:Ranunculales
104:
91:
78:
45:
25:
3752:iNaturalist
3597:Wikispecies
3370:: S51–S60.
3289:Wu, Z. Y.;
2897:. Nccpg.com
2751:February 5,
2630:Tamura 1993
2452:Nora Barlow
1411:(including
1361:F.W.Schultz
744:) each has
695:Scarborough
691:former city
675:A. coerulea
625:cardiogenic
558:A. vulgaris
520:Cultivation
439:Lepidoptera
335:pentamerous
329:(bisexual)
284:Description
137:Subfamily:
98:Angiosperms
3947:Categories
3544:3 February
3207:2 February
3114:: 278–281.
2959:11 January
2921:2020-06-06
2901:2014-05-30
2880:0395966094
2489:References
1771:& Kir.
1724:B.Fedtsch.
1720:O.Fedtsch.
1201:Kem.-Nath.
944:W.D.J.Koch
853:maruyamana
778:speciation
772:, ensures
754:A. formosa
750:pollinator
742:A. formosa
685:(see also
545:propagates
528:Columbine
467:mouse moth
378:are free.
368:staminodes
31:Columbine
3953:Aquilegia
3705:Aquilegia
3603:Aquilegia
3573:Aquilegia
3477:Aquilegia
3466:Aquilegia
3462:(USDA) :
3436:Aquilegia
3400:Aquilegia
3243:Aquilegia
3238:Tamura, M
2772:Aquilegia
2738:"Species
2693:1932-6203
2559:Aquilegia
2510:Aquilegia
2480:nectaries
2116:Font Quer
1954:Font Quer
1922:micrantha
1704:Mikeschin
1640:P.K.Hsiao
1452:(synonym
1294:S.L.Welsh
1277:Cockerell
1273:M.E.Jones
1091:Schischk.
971:S.L.Welsh
849:Aquilegia
784:Aquilegia
758:hawkmoths
726:evolution
720:Evolution
640:Aquilegia
621:condiment
606:Aquilegia
574:Aquilegia
567:biennials
563:Aquilegia
541:perennial
496:Aquilegia
475:engrailed
423:Aquilegia
405:Relatives
395:Aquilegia
387:follicles
289:Perennial
274:Aquilegia
268:Etymology
254:woodlands
234:columbine
225:Aquilegia
194:130, see
152:Aquilegia
68:Kingdom:
3912:VicFlora
3901:VASCAN:
3884:40018252
3879:Tropicos
3582:Wikidata
3529:Vol. 60.
3516:22090381
3384:18707369
3157:see also
3081:17554306
3013:20 April
3008:22144186
3000:12820244
2746:BugGuide
2711:20352114
2663:PLOS ONE
2441:See also
2373:Gamajun.
2199:Tidestr.
2036:Vorosch.
1893:grahamii
1781:A.Nelson
1446:truncata
1424:S.Watson
1281:A.Heller
960:Gamajun.
770:genetics
756:, while
683:Colorado
543:, which
532:'Magpie'
530:cultivar
459:dot moth
418:Aconitum
401:is x=7.
374:and the
365:scarious
342:petaloid
339:perianth
300:rhizomes
212:Aquilina
204:Synonyms
188:Species
127:Family:
111:Eudicots
3894:5865999
3783:1025084
3770:33064-1
3731:3033167
3588:Q147641
3507:3282339
3421:Preview
3392:3399289
3346:1690454
3089:4412955
3061:Bibcode
2935:AM 2020
2796:2439803
2702:2843724
2671:Bibcode
2540:8 April
2470:In the
2126:Coville
1934:Rech.f.
1850:E.Nardi
1840:Rech.f.
1819:E.Nardi
1651:E.Nardi
1530:Rech.f.
1190:E.James
1139:Heywood
1113:Siebold
794:Species
746:adapted
665:Culture
610:hybrida
582:Swansea
473:). The
433:Insects
391:connate
376:carpels
372:pistils
357:Stamens
349:saccate
331:flowers
316:cauline
308:ternate
262:flowers
258:spurred
250:meadows
242:species
236:) is a
147:Genus:
117:Order:
72:Plantae
3891:uBio:
3853:PLANTS
3845:964055
3829:NZOR:
3718:102388
3692:102388
3640:121221
3627:130744
3614:188248
3611:APDB:
3540:. 2020
3514:
3504:
3452:
3415:
3406:, and
3390:
3382:
3343:
3301:
3279:
3272:
3250:
3226:
3179:
3148:
3087:
3079:
3053:Nature
3006:
2998:
2877:
2854:
2847:
2829:
2794:
2768:Bombus
2709:
2699:
2691:
2476:sepals
2414:Kitag.
2342:Nevski
2292:Butkov
2262:Borbás
2210:Eastw.
2158:Boiss.
2106:Ledeb.
2056:Boiss.
1984:Baumg.
1908:loriae
1881:Eastw.
1860:Kitam.
1748:Masam.
1737:Schott
1722:&
1514:Fisch.
1482:Benth.
1373:Greene
1350:Maxim.
1179:A.Gray
1115:&
1070:Schott
1056:&
934:Willk.
736:) and
644:ulcers
628:toxins
578:Killay
465:) and
427:toxins
412:Actaea
361:whorls
353:nectar
322:like.
314:. The
312:obtuse
304:leaves
160:(1753)
3858:AQUIL
3796:18728
3778:IRMNG
3757:48245
3700:FoAO2
3679:1AQIG
3666:37461
3482:(PDF)
3388:S2CID
3258:, in
3085:S2CID
3004:S2CID
2792:JSTOR
2458:Notes
2363:Gouan
2352:Pall.
2302:Schur
2282:Orph.
2252:Rchb.
2242:Hook.
2188:Rydb.
2096:Degen
1920:var.
1906:var.
1891:var.
1793:Briq.
1716:Baker
1662:Parry
1518:Link.
1444:var.
1340:Jord.
1307:Freyn
1231:Beyer
1117:Zucc.
1101:Hook.
1058:Godr.
1054:Gren.
981:Janka
956:Popov
712:near
619:as a
580:near
538:hardy
481:), a
383:fruit
345:sepal
320:bract
296:roots
292:herbs
278:Latin
238:genus
105:Clade
92:Clade
79:Clade
3866:POWO
3822:3450
3817:NCBI
3791:ITIS
3765:IPNI
3739:GRIN
3726:GBIF
3674:EPPO
3635:BOLD
3622:APNI
3546:2021
3512:PMID
3450:ISBN
3413:ISBN
3380:PMID
3358:and
3317:and
3299:ISBN
3277:ISBN
3270:ISBN
3248:ISBN
3224:ISBN
3209:2021
3177:ISBN
3146:ISBN
3077:PMID
3015:2023
2996:PMID
2961:2020
2875:ISBN
2852:ISBN
2845:ISBN
2827:ISBN
2753:2019
2707:PMID
2689:ISSN
2542:2018
2404:Erst
2221:Lam.
2168:Munz
1806:Gray
1769:Kar.
1628:and
1621:Sims
1580:Munz
1570:Erst
1560:Losa
1384:Erst
1318:Beck
1211:Rota
1043:Erst
1022:Munz
669:The
634:and
594:Uses
381:The
325:The
196:text
3925:WFO
3904:838
3804:NBN
3744:884
3713:FoC
3687:FNA
3661:EoL
3653:ZHP
3648:CoL
3502:PMC
3494:doi
3490:279
3423:at
3372:doi
3368:159
3362:".
3341:PMC
3333:doi
3329:266
3069:doi
3057:447
2988:doi
2784:doi
2697:PMC
2679:doi
2434:Pau
2332:Pax
2147:DC.
1516:ex
1279:ex
958:ex
693:of
681:of
649:An
569:.
457:),
244:of
3949::
3927::
3914::
3881::
3868::
3855::
3842::
3819::
3806::
3793::
3780::
3767::
3754::
3741::
3728::
3715::
3702::
3689::
3676::
3663::
3650::
3637::
3624::
3599::
3584::
3536:.
3510:.
3500:.
3488:.
3484:.
3433::
3402:,
3386:.
3378:.
3366:.
3339:.
3327:.
3323:.
3194:.
3175:.
3110:.
3106:.
3083:.
3075:.
3067:.
3055:.
3002:.
2994:.
2984:17
2982:.
2978:.
2951:.
2790:.
2780:53
2778:.
2744:.
2719:^
2705:.
2695:.
2687:.
2677:.
2665:.
2661:.
2622:^
2607:^
2592:^
2550:^
2532:.
2512:L.
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