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were often meant not only for forced labor but also extermination. In 1945 about 7.7 million workers in the German industry were of non-German origin. Many of them were very young, and about half of them were women.
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for military service, Nazi German authorities rounded up civilians to fill in the vacancies and to expand manufacturing operations. Some labourers came from
Germany but exponentially more from
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was not restricted to the industry sector and to arms producing factories; it also took place, for example, in the farming sector, community services, and even in the churches.
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There were many affected populations who could be grouped by various (often overlapping) variables such as geographic,
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Deported, used, forgotten: Who were the forced workers of the Third Reich, and what fate awaited them
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14-year-old prisoner at the
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Hitler's
Foreign Workers: Enforced Foreign Labor in Germany under the Third Reich
38:. An estimated 2,500 German companies employed forced labour during World War II
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Ostarbeiterin from Kiev performing domestic labor, January 1945 (SS image)
166:, or medical and psychiatric patients); and various ethnic, religious, or
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clear the way for
Wehrmacht column, Minsk, July 1941 (Wehrmacht photo)
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Paramilitary police with workers, Riga, 11 July 1941 (Wehrmacht photo)
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132:, religious, political, and health categories. They included German
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Interest Group for Former Forced
Labourers under the Nazi Regime
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men and women from occupied territories of
Eastern Europe (
383:(in German). New Germany. 16 November 1999. Archived from
278:"Jews must work", Tunis, December 1942, (Wehrmacht photo)
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Jews build air-raid trenches under the supervision of
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Mainly female slave labour at a German rifle factory,
377:"List of 2,500 firms that employed forced labourers"
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400:"The Army of Millions of the Modern Slave State"
190:). They lived in various kinds of camps, called
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410:on June 4, 2011 – via Internet Archive.
387:on July 19, 2011 – via Internet Archive.
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406:. Universitaet Freiburg. Archived from
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460:Germany home front during World War II
164:mentally or physically disabled people
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354:Stairs of Death in the quarry of the
306:Prisoners in the construction of the
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436:Forced Laborers in the "Third Reich"
86:forced labour category of internment
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465:Unfree labor during World War II
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414:Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung
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356:Mauthausen concentration camp
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210:Nazi concentration camps
170:groupings (for example,
475:Economy of Nazi Germany
412:First published in the
312:Valentin submarine pens
104:. When German men were
82:for 'labour deployment'
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48:German-occupied Europe
290:French mechanics at
217:Archival photographs
54:and the Soviet Union
52:Nazi occupied Poland
206:Konzentrationslager
202:concentration camps
188:Jehovah's Witnesses
134:political prisoners
124:Labour categories
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398:Ulrich Herbert.
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102:World War II
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90:Nazi Germany
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192:labor camps
155:Ostarbeiter
65:(1939–1945)
454:Categories
238:, May 1941
148:; foreign
106:called up
100:) during
150:civilian
110:roundups
84:) was a
44:Location
292:Siemens
262:Soviet
236:Uniejów
184:Yeniche
142:Gestapo
136:of the
112:in the
88:within
381:ta7.de
318:, 1944
316:Bremen
308:U-boat
186:, and
180:Romani
144:, and
130:ethnic
94:German
78:German
59:Period
363:Notes
176:Sinti
264:POWs
172:Jews
438:by
310:at
232:RAD
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