368:. They were said to be the only breed used by Napoleon that was hardy enough to withstand the winter retreat from Moscow, which they did while pulling a large amount of the army's wagon train. They were also used to pull artillery in World War I, when they were depended upon by the French and Belgian armies. Their calm, tolerant disposition, combined with their active and flexible nature, made them an ideal artillery horse. The breed was considered so useful and valuable that when the Germans established the Commission for the Purchase of Horses in October 1914 to capture Belgian horses, the Ardennes was one of two breeds specified as important, the other being the Brabant.
268:
Draft Horse
Society. This organization published a stud book and registered six individual French draft breeds as belonging to a single breed, combining the information so that no totals of individual breeds are known. Many of these horses were imported to the United States with their breed being considered simply "French draft" and no individual type being specified. Some Ardennes horses imported to the United States before 1917 were called Belgians when they were imported and subsequently registered as Belgians. Ardennes horses have continued to be imported into the United States from Belgium, with imports occurring as late as 2004.
36:
220:. Caesar described these horses of Belgium as "rustic, hard and tireless", and recommended them for use in heavy cavalry units. The early type was used by many later Roman emperors for military applications. The breed's ancestors are thought to have been bred for 2,000 years on the Ardennes plains, and it is one of the oldest documented European heavy draft breeds. In the
277:
264:
Belgium and
Luxembourg, although there is extensive interbreeding between all three. The Ardennes Horse Society of Great Britain was also formed in the late 20th century to preserve and promote Ardennes horses in Great Britain, but today is not recognized as a studbook or passport issuing organization by the British government and may not exist in any form.
337:
375:
is a dietary staple in many
European countries, including France, Belgium, Germany and Switzerland. However, they are increasingly used for farm, forest and leisure work. Their nimble action, stamina and good temper make them increasingly used for competitive driving across Europe, and they have also
399:
is well established in that country, where it is in demand for use in forestry. It was first recognized as a separate sub-group in the 19th century, but today is considered a separate breed, even though its ancestry is entirely from the
Ardennes horses of Belgium and France. Another closely related
267:
The first
Ardennes were imported to the United States in the early 20th century, but it is still not known precisely when. Originally, when imported to the United States, Ardennes horses were eligible for registration with the now-defunct National French Draft Horse Association of America or French
263:
animal. The breed increased in size from an average of 550 kilograms (1,210 lb) to their current weight, which at the same time had the consequence of reducing their vigor and endurance. The first breed registry was established in Europe in 1929. Today there are 3 separate studbooks in France,
258:
draft blood was added to give the breed the heavier conformation it has today. The extra weight and size was desired to turn the breed into a very heavy draft breed, after their role as an artillery horse had diminished through the advent of mechanization, as well as a desire for a
177:
breed had any significant impact. The first
Ardennes were imported to the United States in the early 20th century, and the first breed registry was established in Europe in 1929. The horses have been used throughout history as
364:, they were considered to be the best artillery horse available, due to their temperament, stamina and strength. Napoleon used large numbers of Ardennes horses to pull artillery and transport supplies during his
292:), while in Belgium these are the maximum allowable heights. They weigh 700 to 1,000 kilograms (1,500 to 2,200 lb). Their heads are heavy, with a broad face and a straight or slightly convex profile. Their
1369:
considered to originate wholly or partly in
Belgium and Luxembourg. Many have complex or obscure histories, so inclusion here does not necessarily imply that a breed is predominantly or exclusively from those
1346:
1339:
674:
970:
1471:
1332:
324:
is very rare and is excluded from registration. White markings are small, usually restricted to a star or blaze. The breed matures early, and they are said to be
1466:
1456:
236:
blood to increase stamina and endurance and used the breed in his
Russian campaign. In 1780, the breed still stood only 1.42 to 1.52 metres (14.0 to 15.0
791:
113:
963:
537:
803:
496:
118:
913:
860:
825:
709:
Cyclopedia of
American Agriculture:A Popular Survey of Agricultural Conditions, Practices and Ideals in the United States and Canada
632:
590:
479:
328:, economical to feed despite their size. The Ardennes is a free-moving, long-striding breed, despite their compact body structure.
681:
794:
Union des Ă©leveurs de chevaux de la race ardennaise. Les Haras
Nationaux, 2010. (in French) Accessed August 2011 "The Ardennais"
956:
903:
1355:
377:
216:
979:
562:
La connaissance générale du cheval : études de zootechnie pratique, avec un atlas de 160 pages et de 103 figures
1294:
20:
850:
365:
194:
events. They have also been used to influence or create several other horse breeds throughout Europe and Asia.
707:
877:
763:
747:
173:, and throughout the years blood from several other breeds has been added to the Ardennes, although only the
1220:
1214:
166:
area in Belgium, Luxembourg, and France. They are heavy-boned with thick legs and are used for draft work.
1225:
1389:
1272:
296:
is broad and muscular, with a compact body, short back, and short, sturdy legs with strong joints. Their
1476:
1451:
1208:
1192:
384:
1186:
1431:
1414:
1315:
1278:
155:
1248:
1394:
1230:
392:
353:
293:
1236:
1169:
730:
1152:
1071:
413:
533:
1461:
1399:
1289:
1284:
1180:
1174:
1121:
934:
909:
856:
821:
656:
628:
586:
475:
361:
345:
179:
1304:
1260:
1197:
1021:
1013:
396:
247:
207:
190:, and are used today mainly for heavy draft and farm work, meat production and competitive
1404:
1384:
1202:
1157:
1096:
831:
504:
405:
357:
309:
255:
233:
191:
174:
35:
1324:
1091:
806:
Stud-Book du Cheval de Trait Ardennais (in French) Accessed August 2011 "Breed standard"
724:
560:
1299:
1266:
1242:
1111:
1076:
1061:
1041:
1026:
1003:
433:
417:
409:
1445:
1409:
1147:
1142:
1126:
1066:
1051:
1046:
421:
321:
211:
680:. Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs. 31 August 2011. Archived from
1419:
1086:
1081:
1056:
1033:
313:
305:
254:
blood were also added, although they had little impact. In the nineteenth century,
251:
203:
170:
933:(7th Revised ed.). New York, NY: Arco Publishing Company, Inc. p. 403.
655:(7th Revised ed.). New York, NY: Arco Publishing Company, Inc. p. 374.
471:
464:
1366:
1163:
388:
325:
301:
289:
285:
237:
225:
159:
97:
1254:
1101:
372:
260:
1106:
585:(1st American ed.). New York, NY: Dorling Kindersley. pp. 262–63.
371:
Today, the breed is used mainly for meat, due to its extensive musculature.
243:
221:
187:
835:
276:
948:
349:
317:
229:
163:
938:
660:
297:
183:
380:. The breed is known for its ability to work in rough, hilly terrain.
1116:
1008:
401:
210:, and is claimed to be descended from the type of horse described by
206:. The Ardennes breed could be a direct descendant of the prehistoric
336:
335:
275:
133:
998:
1328:
952:
908:. New York, NY: Simon & Schuster, Inc. p. Entry 101.
424:
was created through a mixture of Ardennes and Belgian blood.
404:. Ardennes horses were also used in the 1920s to improve the
391:
breeds and subgroups. These include the Baltic Ardennes and
852:
The European Powers in the First World War: An Encyclopedia
752:. New York (State) Dept. of Agriculture. 1917. p. 73.
284:
In France, Ardennes stallions stand about 1.62 metres (16
16:
Breed of draught horse from Belgium, France and Luxembourg
675:"Horse passports- organisations issuing horse passports"
240:) and weighed around 500 kilograms (1,100 lb).
1135:
986:
104:
93:
88:
68:
45:
463:
905:Simon & Schuster's Guide to Horses and Ponies
466:Simon & Schuster's Guide to Horses and Ponies
1029:- Trait Picard - Bourbourien - Petit Boulonnais)
119:Stud-Book du Cheval de Trait Ardennais (Belgium)
320:. Bay and roan are the two most common colors.
1340:
964:
344:Horses from the Ardennes region were used as
8:
712:(3rd ed.). Macmillan. pp. 460–461.
416:, the Ardennes horse was used to create the
356:. They were used during the 17th century by
28:
559:Moll, Louis; Gayot, Eugène Nicolas (1861).
457:
455:
453:
451:
449:
228:(56 inches, 142 cm) high. Later,
1347:
1333:
1325:
971:
957:
949:
288:) high, and mares about 1.60 metres (15.3
34:
27:
576:
574:
572:
787:
785:
623:Pinney, Charlie (2000). "The Ardennes".
618:
616:
614:
612:
610:
608:
606:
604:
602:
646:
644:
497:"A Brief History of the Ardennes Horse"
445:
1472:Horse breeds originating in Luxembourg
352:in the 11th century by knights led by
224:, the breed stood only around 14
540:from the original on 29 November 2007
528:
526:
524:
522:
470:. Simon & Schuster, Inc. p.
7:
855:. Taylor & Francis. p. 52.
360:as remounts for his cavalry. In the
1467:Horse breeds originating in Belgium
300:are feathered. Their coats may be
1457:Horse breeds originating in France
383:Ardennes horses have been used as
14:
902:Bongianni, Maurizio, ed. (1988).
876:Johnson, Michael (19 June 2008).
726:Management and Breeding of Horses
627:. Farming Press. pp. 24–25.
495:Hewitt, Mrs J.C. (October 1998).
565:(in French). Didot. p. 545.
764:"Horses of a Different Culture"
723:Harper, Merritt Wesley (1913).
581:Edwards, Elwyn Hartley (1994).
408:by adding size. Along with the
735:Ardennais horse united states.
202:Their history reaches back to
169:Their history reaches back to
1:
816:Swinney, Nicola Jane (2006).
706:Bailey, Liberty Hyde (1910).
583:The Encyclopedia of the Horse
536:. Oklahoma State University.
462:Bongianni, Maurizio (1988).
378:therapeutic horseback riding
340:An Ardennes horse in harness
217:Commentarii de Bello Gallico
114:Les Haras Nationaux (France)
768:St. Petersburg Times Online
1493:
929:Hayes, M. Horace (1976) .
729:. Orange Judd Co. p.
651:Hayes, M. Horace (1976) .
162:, and originates from the
21:Ardennais (disambiguation)
18:
1428:
1375:
1363:
1313:
818:Horse Breeds of the World
387:to develop several other
127:
109:
61:Cheval de Trait Ardennais
33:
849:Tucker, Spencer (1996).
625:The Working Horse Manual
376:been used as mounts for
1356:Horse breeds of Belgium
1295:Trait de SaĂ´ne-et-Loire
878:"Hungry for Horse Meat"
820:. Hamlyn. p. 160.
94:Distinguishing features
1226:Demi-sang de la Dombes
980:Horse breeds of France
341:
281:
385:foundation bloodstock
366:1812 Russian campaign
339:
279:
154:is one of the oldest
1432:List of horse breeds
1415:Luxembourg Warmblood
1316:List of horse breeds
134:Equus ferus caballus
19:For other uses, see
1395:Belgian Sport Horse
1390:Belgian Riding Pony
1231:Demi-sang du Centre
1017:(Cheval de Vercors)
931:Points of the Horse
804:Standard de la race
687:on 23 December 2011
653:Points of the Horse
393:Russian Heavy Draft
354:Godfrey of Bouillon
186:mounts and to draw
30:
1221:Demi-sang de l'Ain
1215:Chevaux d'Ouessant
1193:Carrossier Normand
1072:French Saddle Pony
342:
282:
1439:
1438:
1400:Belgian Warmblood
1322:
1321:
1290:Trait de la Loire
1136:Extinct or merged
1067:French Anglo-Arab
1038:
1037:(Trait - Postier)
1030:
1018:
501:The Joy of Horses
420:. Similarly, the
362:French Revolution
144:
143:
69:Country of origin
40:Ardennes stallion
1484:
1349:
1342:
1335:
1326:
1036:
1024:
1016:
973:
966:
959:
950:
943:
942:
926:
920:
919:
899:
893:
892:
890:
888:
873:
867:
866:
846:
840:
839:
813:
807:
801:
795:
789:
780:
779:
777:
775:
760:
754:
753:
744:
738:
737:
720:
714:
713:
703:
697:
696:
694:
692:
686:
679:
671:
665:
664:
648:
639:
638:
620:
597:
596:
578:
567:
566:
556:
550:
549:
547:
545:
530:
517:
516:
514:
512:
503:. Archived from
492:
486:
485:
469:
459:
397:Swedish Ardennes
280:Grazing Ardennes
136:
58:Belgian Ardennes
55:French Ardennais
38:
31:
1492:
1491:
1487:
1486:
1485:
1483:
1482:
1481:
1442:
1441:
1440:
1435:
1424:
1405:Belgian Trotter
1385:Belgian Draught
1371:
1359:
1353:
1323:
1318:
1309:
1131:
982:
977:
947:
946:
928:
927:
923:
916:
901:
900:
896:
886:
884:
875:
874:
870:
863:
848:
847:
843:
828:
815:
814:
810:
802:
798:
790:
783:
773:
771:
762:
761:
757:
746:
745:
741:
722:
721:
717:
705:
704:
700:
690:
688:
684:
677:
673:
672:
668:
650:
649:
642:
635:
622:
621:
600:
593:
580:
579:
570:
558:
557:
553:
543:
541:
532:
531:
520:
510:
508:
494:
493:
489:
482:
461:
460:
447:
442:
430:
358:Marshal Turenne
334:
274:
272:Characteristics
200:
140:
132:
123:
105:Breed standards
84:
64:
41:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1490:
1488:
1480:
1479:
1474:
1469:
1464:
1459:
1454:
1444:
1443:
1437:
1436:
1429:
1426:
1425:
1423:
1422:
1417:
1412:
1407:
1402:
1397:
1392:
1387:
1382:
1376:
1373:
1372:
1365:These are the
1364:
1361:
1360:
1358:and Luxembourg
1354:
1352:
1351:
1344:
1337:
1329:
1320:
1319:
1314:
1311:
1310:
1308:
1307:
1302:
1300:Trait du Maine
1297:
1292:
1287:
1281:
1275:
1269:
1263:
1257:
1251:
1245:
1239:
1233:
1228:
1223:
1217:
1211:
1205:
1200:
1195:
1189:
1183:
1177:
1172:
1166:
1160:
1155:
1150:
1145:
1139:
1137:
1133:
1132:
1130:
1129:
1124:
1122:Selle Français
1119:
1114:
1109:
1104:
1099:
1094:
1089:
1084:
1079:
1077:French Trotter
1074:
1069:
1064:
1059:
1054:
1049:
1044:
1039:
1031:
1019:
1011:
1006:
1001:
996:
990:
988:
984:
983:
978:
976:
975:
968:
961:
953:
945:
944:
921:
914:
894:
882:New York Times
868:
861:
841:
826:
808:
796:
781:
770:. 18 June 2004
755:
739:
715:
698:
666:
640:
633:
598:
591:
568:
551:
518:
507:on 19 May 2009
487:
480:
444:
443:
441:
438:
437:
436:
434:Pfalz-ardenner
429:
426:
418:Sokolski horse
333:
330:
273:
270:
199:
196:
142:
141:
139:
138:
128:
125:
124:
122:
121:
116:
110:
107:
106:
102:
101:
95:
91:
90:
86:
85:
83:
82:
79:
76:
72:
70:
66:
65:
63:
62:
59:
56:
53:
49:
47:
43:
42:
39:
29:Ardennes horse
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1489:
1478:
1475:
1473:
1470:
1468:
1465:
1463:
1460:
1458:
1455:
1453:
1450:
1449:
1447:
1434:
1433:
1427:
1421:
1418:
1416:
1413:
1411:
1410:Flemish Horse
1408:
1406:
1403:
1401:
1398:
1396:
1393:
1391:
1388:
1386:
1383:
1381:
1378:
1377:
1374:
1368:
1362:
1357:
1350:
1345:
1343:
1338:
1336:
1331:
1330:
1327:
1317:
1312:
1306:
1303:
1301:
1298:
1296:
1293:
1291:
1288:
1286:
1282:
1280:
1276:
1274:
1270:
1268:
1264:
1262:
1258:
1256:
1252:
1250:
1246:
1244:
1240:
1238:
1234:
1232:
1229:
1227:
1224:
1222:
1218:
1216:
1212:
1210:
1206:
1204:
1201:
1199:
1196:
1194:
1190:
1188:
1184:
1182:
1178:
1176:
1173:
1171:
1167:
1165:
1161:
1159:
1156:
1154:
1151:
1149:
1146:
1144:
1141:
1140:
1138:
1134:
1128:
1127:Trait du Nord
1125:
1123:
1120:
1118:
1115:
1113:
1110:
1108:
1105:
1103:
1100:
1098:
1095:
1093:
1090:
1088:
1085:
1083:
1080:
1078:
1075:
1073:
1070:
1068:
1065:
1063:
1060:
1058:
1055:
1053:
1050:
1048:
1047:Castillonnais
1045:
1043:
1040:
1035:
1032:
1028:
1023:
1020:
1015:
1012:
1010:
1007:
1005:
1002:
1000:
997:
995:
992:
991:
989:
985:
981:
974:
969:
967:
962:
960:
955:
954:
951:
940:
936:
932:
925:
922:
917:
915:0-671-66068-3
911:
907:
906:
898:
895:
883:
879:
872:
869:
864:
862:0-8153-3351-X
858:
854:
853:
845:
842:
837:
833:
829:
827:9780600618010
823:
819:
812:
809:
805:
800:
797:
793:
788:
786:
782:
769:
765:
759:
756:
751:
750:
749:Annual Report
743:
740:
736:
732:
728:
727:
719:
716:
711:
710:
702:
699:
683:
676:
670:
667:
662:
658:
654:
647:
645:
641:
636:
634:0-85236-401-6
630:
626:
619:
617:
615:
613:
611:
609:
607:
605:
603:
599:
594:
592:1-56458-614-6
588:
584:
577:
575:
573:
569:
564:
563:
555:
552:
539:
535:
529:
527:
525:
523:
519:
506:
502:
498:
491:
488:
483:
481:0-671-66068-3
477:
473:
468:
467:
458:
456:
454:
452:
450:
446:
439:
435:
432:
431:
427:
425:
423:
422:Trait Du Nord
419:
415:
411:
407:
403:
400:breed is the
398:
394:
390:
386:
381:
379:
374:
369:
367:
363:
359:
355:
351:
347:
338:
331:
329:
327:
323:
319:
315:
311:
307:
303:
299:
295:
291:
287:
278:
271:
269:
265:
262:
257:
253:
249:
245:
241:
239:
235:
231:
227:
223:
219:
218:
213:
212:Julius Caesar
209:
208:Solutré horse
205:
197:
195:
193:
189:
185:
181:
176:
172:
167:
165:
161:
157:
153:
149:
137:
135:
130:
129:
126:
120:
117:
115:
112:
111:
108:
103:
99:
96:
92:
87:
80:
77:
74:
73:
71:
67:
60:
57:
54:
51:
50:
48:
44:
37:
32:
26:
22:
1477:Draft horses
1452:Horse breeds
1430:
1420:Zangersheide
1379:
1367:horse breeds
1170:Bidet Breton
1153:Anglo-Norman
1025:(Mareyeur -
993:
930:
924:
904:
897:
887:16 September
885:. Retrieved
881:
871:
851:
844:
817:
811:
799:
772:. Retrieved
767:
758:
748:
742:
734:
725:
718:
708:
701:
689:. Retrieved
682:the original
669:
652:
624:
582:
561:
554:
542:. Retrieved
511:15 September
509:. Retrieved
505:the original
500:
490:
465:
414:Anglo-Norman
382:
370:
343:
326:easy keepers
294:conformation
283:
266:
252:Thoroughbred
242:
215:
204:Ancient Rome
201:
171:Ancient Rome
168:
151:
147:
145:
131:
25:
1181:Bourguignon
1175:Bourbonnais
1014:Barraquand
792:L'Ardennais
544:14 December
389:draft horse
160:draft horse
98:Draft horse
46:Other names
1446:Categories
1370:countries.
1255:Merlerault
1198:Charentais
1102:Norman Cob
1022:Boulonnais
939:B000UEYZHA
691:5 November
661:B000UEYZHA
534:"Ardennes"
440:References
373:Horse meat
346:war horses
248:Boulonnais
182:, both as
180:war horses
81:Luxembourg
1380:Ardennais
1273:Rochefort
1203:Charolais
1158:Berrichon
1107:Percheron
1097:Nivernais
994:Ardennais
244:Percheron
222:Roman era
188:artillery
148:Ardennais
1462:Ardennes
1285:Tarbésan
1279:Solognot
1267:Navarrin
1243:Limousin
1209:Cotentin
1112:Poitevin
1062:Corsican
1042:Camargue
1027:Cauchois
1004:Auvergne
836:7584255M
538:Archived
428:See also
412:and the
350:Crusades
318:palomino
310:chestnut
298:fetlocks
230:Napoleon
164:Ardennes
152:Ardennes
52:Ardennes
1305:Vendéen
1249:Lorrain
1148:Augeron
1143:Angevin
1087:Landais
1052:Comtois
774:23 June
406:Comtois
395:. The
348:in the
256:Belgian
234:Arabian
214:in his
198:History
192:driving
184:cavalry
175:Belgian
75:Belgium
1261:Morvan
1237:Dombes
1187:Bresse
1117:Pottok
1092:MĂ©rens
1082:Henson
1057:Corlay
1034:Breton
1009:Auxois
987:Extant
937:
912:
859:
834:
824:
659:
631:
589:
478:
410:Breton
402:Auxois
232:added
156:breeds
89:Traits
78:France
1164:Bidet
685:(PDF)
678:(PDF)
322:Black
316:, or
290:hands
286:hands
238:hands
226:hands
100:breed
999:AQPS
935:ASIN
910:ISBN
889:2009
857:ISBN
822:ISBN
776:2009
693:2011
657:ASIN
629:ISBN
587:ISBN
546:2007
513:2009
476:ISBN
332:Uses
314:gray
306:roan
261:meat
250:and
146:The
731:183
302:bay
158:of
150:or
1448::
880:.
832:OL
830:.
784:^
766:.
733:.
643:^
601:^
571:^
521:^
499:.
474:.
472:92
448:^
312:,
308:,
304:,
246:,
1348:e
1341:t
1334:v
1283:â€
1277:â€
1271:â€
1265:â€
1259:â€
1253:â€
1247:â€
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1235:â€
1219:â€
1213:â€
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1191:â€
1185:â€
1179:â€
1168:â€
1162:â€
972:e
965:t
958:v
941:.
918:.
891:.
865:.
838:.
778:.
695:.
663:.
637:.
595:.
548:.
515:.
484:.
23:.
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