31:
43:
299:
theories, so that one use of theories, in addition to helping us discriminate art from the rest, consists in making art possible". In "The
Painted Word" Tom Wolfe went further in saying that without a theory, the viewer cannot see a modern work of art. Theory is needed due to the absence of narrative meaning in abstract art that was once provided by realistic art. At the beginning of the 21st century, Danto stated that contemporary art does not speak for itself, but has meaning only in reference to art-world discourse.
738:
30:
302:
Becker however notes that new theories of art may arise in order to account for the acceptance by the art world of works not fitting into older theories. An example is the failure of imitation theories, in which art was judged solely by it faithful representation of nature, to account for works which
119:
describes an art world as "the network of people whose cooperative activity, organized via their joint knowledge of conventional means of doing things, produces the kind of art works that art world is noted for." Becker admits this definition is tautological, but is useful in understanding how works
298:
published an essay defining "The
Artworld," in terms of artistic theory. Danto writes: "these days one might not be aware he was on artistic terrain without an artistic theory to tell him so. And part of the reason for this lies in the fact that terrain is constituted artistic in virtue of artistic
176:
and apprentices. Contemporary artists allude to this group practice in their establishment of studio workshops or "factories", or by having works fabricated by industrial methods according to their plans and specifications. Some works, being of monumental scale, cannot be executed in any other way.
217:
The international art fair, occurring typically every two years, has become a major force in the marketing of contemporary fine art. Commercial art fairs are essentially temporary galleries that benefit from the attraction of public interest and competition between collectors. One of the most
257:
The tradition of auctioning works of art grew from the difficulty of determining the price of rare and unique objects. While estimates of market value are made for other purposes, such as taxation, charitable donations, and estates; in recent years prices paid at auctions have exceeded such
202:
The production of art depends upon its distribution to others in order to provide the economic support of that production. In the past, this was done through patronage or commissions from collectors. Artists may also do this themselves either by direct sales or through cooperative efforts.
183:
The primary socialization of individuals into the role of artists is by attendance at art school. The value of contemporary art depends upon the reputation of the artist, which most often begins with earning an MFA from a select number of art school programs. Some self-taught or
171:
There are a number of roles for those actively involved in the creation of new works of fine art, but the exemplar remains the lone artist or a close collaboration. Historically, art was produced by the members of a workshop, often a master and a number of
177:
In most of these group practices, the authenticity associated with fine art is maintained by the artist either doing the essential work, closely supervising others, and giving final approval to the finished piece by signing it.
318:. Dickie defines an art work as an artifact "which has had conferred upon it the status of candidate for appreciation by some person or persons acting in behalf of a certain social institution (the artworld)."
73:
to refer only to the elite level of globalized fine art. The art world(s) are continually changing in response both to the creativity of those that create art and in response to social change.
330:
is problematic, since Becker and others show art worlds are, instead, independent multiplicities scattered worldwide that are always in flux: there is no "center" to the art world any more.
210:
is the intermediary between artists, private collectors and institutional buyers. While some dealers may be consultant advising individual clients, dealers usually own or operate
1526:
1305:
1255:
1055:
126:, also a sociologist, describes the art world as "a loose network of overlapping subcultures held together by a belief in art". They span the globe but
85:
can be found in publications from the 19th century. The emergence of many of the elements, such as galleries, critics, and museums; as well as the term
1310:
251:
214:. Hosting public exhibitions and opening celebrations became part of the social function of the art world in addition to their marketing functions.
1018:
69:. It is recognized that there are many art worlds, defined either by location or alternative definitions of fine art. Some may use the singular
1600:
429:
1332:
1454:
770:
42:
1464:
1354:
1522:
1288:
718:
691:
664:
547:
484:
1585:
1518:
1489:
1432:
333:
The art world, along with the definition of fine art, is constantly changing as works of art previously excluded move into the "
1590:
1595:
1610:
1442:
1131:
583:
180:
Artwork by women was largely excluded from the highest levels of the art world until the feminist movement of the 1970s.
1459:
1293:
1095:
1449:
1427:
1248:
311:
1474:
1359:
742:
1605:
1513:
1506:
1484:
1107:
131:
1437:
1298:
955:
763:
1469:
1412:
1236:
451:
139:
1575:
1496:
1417:
1402:
1163:
1050:
1013:
113:) that are the basis for cooperative activity between members of a group who may not interact directly.
58:
1282:
101:
An art world, as with any segment of society, is defined in terms of mutually understood conventions (
1369:
1322:
1119:
1008:
827:
238:, the first fair sponsored by and for commercial galleries; in contrast to the government sponsored
1422:
1386:
1364:
1243:
1158:
797:
1544:
1327:
1153:
1003:
756:
618:
515:
490:
393:
1580:
1501:
1479:
1407:
1148:
962:
881:
812:
714:
687:
660:
543:
480:
425:
143:
135:
1381:
1183:
1178:
1168:
967:
837:
638:
610:
472:
385:
239:
116:
1539:
1349:
1317:
1211:
1188:
903:
533:
304:
247:
188:
may gain recognition by being discovered by a dealer, while others are denied inclusion.
1203:
1193:
1090:
972:
807:
123:
1564:
1342:
1231:
1221:
1143:
982:
977:
876:
315:
282:
267:
243:
62:
35:
519:
1570:
1226:
908:
832:
509:
295:
185:
708:
681:
654:
537:
536:; Blandy, Doug; Coeyman, Danny (2014). "The Art World in the Midst of Bob Ross".
1549:
1337:
1216:
1138:
1102:
1085:
1075:
1040:
918:
891:
886:
847:
842:
779:
748:
334:
292:
235:
223:
211:
197:
127:
110:
102:
1376:
1271:
1126:
1114:
1080:
1035:
1025:
928:
923:
286:
207:
173:
166:
310:
Danto had considerable influence on aesthetic philosophy and especially upon
1045:
935:
852:
737:
374:"The Modern System of the Arts: A Study in the History of Aesthetics Part I"
231:
219:
494:
1276:
1173:
913:
898:
869:
822:
683:
Art and Its
Significance: An Anthology of Aesthetic Theory, First Edition
66:
710:
The
Transformation of the Avant-Garde: The New York Art World, 1940-1985
476:
17:
1030:
940:
817:
802:
622:
397:
271:
998:
950:
945:
864:
584:"A Brief History of Art Basel, the World's Premier Contemporary Fair"
160:
57:
comprises everyone involved in producing, commissioning, presenting,
614:
389:
859:
598:
373:
250:
founded in 1895, continues to operate as a public foundation with
227:
203:
Contemporary art is most often distributed though intermediaries.
41:
29:
106:
752:
656:
The
Madonna of the Future: Essays in a Pluralistic Art World
563:
Morgner, Christian (2014). "The
Evolution of the Art Fair".
471:. Vol. 6. Liverpool University Press. pp. 385–91.
469:
Art and
Pluralism: Lawrence Alloway's Cultural Criticism
303:
used form and color to express emotions, giving rise to
27:
Those involved in the business and lifestyle of fine art
539:
In Happy Clouds, Happy Trees: The Bob Ross
Phenomenon
511:
Why Art Cannot Be Taught: A Handbook for Art
Students
81:
Rather than being a term coined in the 20th century,
542:. University Press of Mississippi. pp. 141–51.
1395:
1264:
1202:
1066:
991:
790:
424:(2nd. ed.). University of California Press.
1256:Timeline of 20th century printmaking in America
49:(1808), an engraving of Christie's auction room
764:
8:
771:
757:
749:
445:
443:
441:
234:in 2010. Art Basel built on the model of
415:
413:
411:
409:
407:
345:
7:
337:" and then into mainstream culture.
1355:Index of painting-related articles
659:. University of California Press.
120:of art are produced and consumed.
25:
736:
514:. University of Illinois Press.
34:Preview of works for auction by
713:. University of Chicago Press.
582:Bodick, Noelle (17 June 2014).
378:Journal of the History of Ideas
372:Kristeller, Paul Oskar (1951).
93:) date from the 18th century.
1:
456:. W. W. Norton & Company.
1601:Philosophy of social science
1294:Museum collection management
1217:Art history (academic study)
1096:alternative exhibition space
680:Ross, Stephen David (1984).
642:. Farrar, Straus and Giroux.
420:Becker, Howard Saul (2008).
1455:Colossal sculptures in situ
1159:Artist-in-residence program
453:Seven Days in the Art World
326:The notion of the singular
316:institutional theory of art
1627:
1465:Contemporary art galleries
1360:Outline of the visual arts
686:. SUNY Press. p. 43.
565:Historical Social Research
280:
265:
226:in the 1970s, expanded to
195:
164:
158:
61:, promoting, chronicling,
1535:
653:Danto, Arthur C. (2001).
603:The Journal of Philosophy
246:. One of the latter, the
1519:Most expensive paintings
1306:Conservation-restoration
1108:Contemporary art gallery
467:Whiteley, Nigel (2012).
450:Thornton, Sarah (2008).
130:in art capitals such as
1586:Business of visual arts
1527:works by living artists
1289:Classificatory disputes
97:Sociological definition
47:The Microcosm of London
1591:Concepts in aesthetics
741:Quotations related to
597:Danto, Arthur (1964).
508:Elkins, James (2001).
150:Roles in the art world
50:
39:
1596:Philosophy of culture
1164:Artist-run initiative
1051:Visual arts education
707:Crane, Diana (1989).
159:Further information:
65:, buying and selling
45:
33:
1611:Sociology of culture
1460:Contemporary artists
1323:Destination painting
1120:Single-artist museum
1009:Conservator-restorer
520:10.5406/j.ctt17572qz
38:Hong Kong, May 2019
1450:Art reference books
1244:History of painting
828:Fine-art photograph
636:Wolfe, Tom (1975).
534:Congdon, Kristin G.
477:10.2307/j.ctt5vj994
291:In 1964 critic and
1545:Visual arts portal
1475:National galleries
1328:Eclecticism in art
1283:Catalogue raisonné
1154:Artist cooperative
361:(8): 113–15. 1899.
252:national pavilions
242:that began in the
51:
40:
1558:
1557:
1149:Artist collective
963:Site-specific art
813:Cultural artifact
431:978-0-520-25636-1
355:The Art Collector
353:"The Art World".
16:(Redirected from
1618:
1514:Stolen paintings
1382:Sociology of art
1333:Economics of art
1184:Sculpture garden
1169:Artist-run space
968:Social sculpture
838:Installation art
773:
766:
759:
750:
740:
725:
724:
704:
698:
697:
677:
671:
670:
650:
644:
643:
639:The Painted Word
633:
627:
626:
594:
588:
587:
579:
573:
572:
560:
554:
553:
530:
524:
523:
505:
499:
498:
464:
458:
457:
447:
436:
435:
417:
402:
401:
369:
363:
362:
350:
186:outsider artists
117:Howard S. Becker
21:
1626:
1625:
1621:
1620:
1619:
1617:
1616:
1615:
1606:Social networks
1561:
1560:
1559:
1554:
1540:Painting portal
1531:
1438:sculpture parks
1391:
1350:Elements of art
1318:Cultural policy
1260:
1212:Timeline of art
1198:
1189:Sculpture trail
1068:
1062:
987:
904:Performance art
786:
777:
733:
728:
721:
706:
705:
701:
694:
679:
678:
674:
667:
652:
651:
647:
635:
634:
630:
615:10.2307/2022937
596:
595:
591:
581:
580:
576:
562:
561:
557:
550:
532:
531:
527:
507:
506:
502:
487:
466:
465:
461:
449:
448:
439:
432:
419:
418:
405:
390:10.2307/2707484
371:
370:
366:
352:
351:
347:
343:
324:
289:
279:
274:
264:
248:Venice Biennale
200:
194:
169:
163:
157:
152:
99:
79:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1624:
1622:
1614:
1613:
1608:
1603:
1598:
1593:
1588:
1583:
1578:
1573:
1563:
1562:
1556:
1555:
1553:
1552:
1547:
1542:
1536:
1533:
1532:
1530:
1529:
1516:
1511:
1510:
1509:
1499:
1494:
1493:
1492:
1490:by nationality
1487:
1477:
1472:
1470:Modern artists
1467:
1462:
1457:
1452:
1447:
1446:
1445:
1440:
1435:
1430:
1420:
1415:
1413:Art techniques
1410:
1405:
1399:
1397:
1393:
1392:
1390:
1389:
1384:
1379:
1374:
1373:
1372:
1367:
1357:
1352:
1347:
1346:
1345:
1340:
1330:
1325:
1320:
1315:
1314:
1313:
1303:
1302:
1301:
1299:deaccessioning
1291:
1286:
1279:
1274:
1268:
1266:
1262:
1261:
1259:
1258:
1253:
1252:
1251:
1241:
1240:
1239:
1229:
1224:
1219:
1214:
1208:
1206:
1204:History of art
1200:
1199:
1197:
1196:
1194:Virtual museum
1191:
1186:
1181:
1176:
1171:
1166:
1161:
1156:
1151:
1146:
1141:
1136:
1135:
1134:
1124:
1123:
1122:
1112:
1111:
1110:
1100:
1099:
1098:
1091:Art exhibition
1088:
1083:
1078:
1072:
1070:
1064:
1063:
1061:
1060:
1059:
1058:
1048:
1043:
1038:
1033:
1028:
1023:
1022:
1021:
1016:
1006:
1001:
995:
993:
989:
988:
986:
985:
980:
975:
973:Soft sculpture
970:
965:
960:
959:
958:
953:
948:
943:
933:
932:
931:
921:
916:
911:
906:
901:
896:
895:
894:
889:
884:
874:
873:
872:
867:
857:
856:
855:
845:
840:
835:
830:
825:
820:
815:
810:
808:Conceptual art
805:
800:
794:
792:
788:
787:
778:
776:
775:
768:
761:
753:
747:
746:
732:
731:External links
729:
727:
726:
719:
699:
692:
672:
665:
645:
628:
609:(19): 571–84.
599:"The Artworld"
589:
574:
555:
548:
525:
500:
485:
459:
437:
430:
403:
384:(4): 496–527.
364:
344:
342:
339:
323:
320:
278:
275:
263:
260:
222:originated in
193:
190:
156:
153:
151:
148:
124:Sarah Thornton
98:
95:
78:
75:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1623:
1612:
1609:
1607:
1604:
1602:
1599:
1597:
1594:
1592:
1589:
1587:
1584:
1582:
1579:
1577:
1574:
1572:
1569:
1568:
1566:
1551:
1548:
1546:
1543:
1541:
1538:
1537:
1534:
1528:
1524:
1520:
1517:
1515:
1512:
1508:
1505:
1504:
1503:
1500:
1498:
1497:Photographers
1495:
1491:
1488:
1486:
1483:
1482:
1481:
1478:
1476:
1473:
1471:
1468:
1466:
1463:
1461:
1458:
1456:
1453:
1451:
1448:
1444:
1443:single artist
1441:
1439:
1436:
1434:
1431:
1429:
1426:
1425:
1424:
1421:
1419:
1418:Art movements
1416:
1414:
1411:
1409:
1406:
1404:
1403:Art magazines
1401:
1400:
1398:
1394:
1388:
1385:
1383:
1380:
1378:
1375:
1371:
1368:
1366:
1363:
1362:
1361:
1358:
1356:
1353:
1351:
1348:
1344:
1343:art valuation
1341:
1339:
1336:
1335:
1334:
1331:
1329:
1326:
1324:
1321:
1319:
1316:
1312:
1309:
1308:
1307:
1304:
1300:
1297:
1296:
1295:
1292:
1290:
1287:
1285:
1284:
1280:
1278:
1275:
1273:
1270:
1269:
1267:
1263:
1257:
1254:
1250:
1247:
1246:
1245:
1242:
1238:
1235:
1234:
1233:
1230:
1228:
1227:Art movements
1225:
1223:
1222:Art manifesto
1220:
1218:
1215:
1213:
1210:
1209:
1207:
1205:
1201:
1195:
1192:
1190:
1187:
1185:
1182:
1180:
1177:
1175:
1172:
1170:
1167:
1165:
1162:
1160:
1157:
1155:
1152:
1150:
1147:
1145:
1144:Arts festival
1142:
1140:
1137:
1133:
1130:
1129:
1128:
1125:
1121:
1118:
1117:
1116:
1113:
1109:
1106:
1105:
1104:
1101:
1097:
1094:
1093:
1092:
1089:
1087:
1084:
1082:
1079:
1077:
1074:
1073:
1071:
1065:
1057:
1054:
1053:
1052:
1049:
1047:
1044:
1042:
1039:
1037:
1034:
1032:
1029:
1027:
1024:
1020:
1017:
1015:
1012:
1011:
1010:
1007:
1005:
1002:
1000:
997:
996:
994:
990:
984:
983:Artwork title
981:
979:
978:Stained glass
976:
974:
971:
969:
966:
964:
961:
957:
954:
952:
949:
947:
944:
942:
939:
938:
937:
934:
930:
927:
926:
925:
922:
920:
917:
915:
912:
910:
907:
905:
902:
900:
897:
893:
890:
888:
885:
883:
880:
879:
878:
877:New media art
875:
871:
868:
866:
863:
862:
861:
858:
854:
851:
850:
849:
846:
844:
841:
839:
836:
834:
831:
829:
826:
824:
821:
819:
816:
814:
811:
809:
806:
804:
801:
799:
798:Appropriation
796:
795:
793:
789:
785:
781:
774:
769:
767:
762:
760:
755:
754:
751:
744:
739:
735:
734:
730:
722:
720:9780226117904
716:
712:
711:
703:
700:
695:
693:9780873957649
689:
685:
684:
676:
673:
668:
666:9780520230026
662:
658:
657:
649:
646:
641:
640:
632:
629:
624:
620:
616:
612:
608:
604:
600:
593:
590:
585:
578:
575:
570:
566:
559:
556:
551:
549:9781626740990
545:
541:
540:
535:
529:
526:
521:
517:
513:
512:
504:
501:
496:
492:
488:
486:9781846316456
482:
478:
474:
470:
463:
460:
455:
454:
446:
444:
442:
438:
433:
427:
423:
416:
414:
412:
410:
408:
404:
399:
395:
391:
387:
383:
379:
375:
368:
365:
360:
356:
349:
346:
340:
338:
336:
331:
329:
321:
319:
317:
313:
312:George Dickie
308:
306:
300:
297:
294:
288:
284:
283:Art criticism
276:
273:
269:
268:Art valuation
261:
259:
255:
253:
249:
245:
244:Victorian era
241:
240:world's fairs
237:
233:
229:
225:
221:
215:
213:
212:art galleries
209:
204:
199:
191:
189:
187:
181:
178:
175:
168:
162:
154:
149:
147:
145:
141:
137:
133:
132:New York City
129:
125:
121:
118:
114:
112:
108:
104:
96:
94:
92:
88:
84:
76:
74:
72:
68:
64:
60:
56:
48:
44:
37:
32:
19:
1576:Anthropology
1433:most visited
1281:
909:Plastic arts
833:Found object
783:
745:at Wikiquote
709:
702:
682:
675:
655:
648:
637:
631:
606:
602:
592:
577:
571:(3): 318–36.
568:
564:
558:
538:
528:
510:
503:
468:
462:
452:
421:
381:
377:
367:
358:
354:
348:
332:
327:
325:
309:
301:
296:Arthur Danto
290:
256:
230:in 2000 and
218:successful,
216:
205:
201:
192:Distribution
182:
179:
170:
122:
115:
111:institutions
103:social norms
100:
90:
86:
82:
80:
70:
54:
52:
46:
1550:Arts portal
1423:Art museums
1338:art finance
1139:Arts centre
1103:Art gallery
1086:Art commune
1076:Art auction
919:Printmaking
848:Mixed media
843:Kinetic art
780:Visual arts
586:. Artspace.
495:j.ctt5vj994
335:avant garde
293:philosopher
277:Art critics
258:estimates.
236:Art Cologne
224:Switzerland
198:Art auction
140:Los Angeles
63:criticizing
1565:Categories
1523:sculptures
1377:Provenance
1272:Art market
1179:Commission
1127:Art school
1115:Art museum
1081:Art colony
1069:and events
929:street art
924:Public art
422:Art Worlds
341:References
287:Aesthetics
281:See also:
266:See also:
262:Evaluation
208:art dealer
196:See also:
174:journeymen
167:Art school
165:See also:
155:Production
91:Beaux Arts
59:preserving
36:Christie's
1502:Sculptors
1408:Art media
1370:sculpture
1311:paintings
1232:Criticism
1014:paintings
1004:Collector
936:Sculpture
853:bricolage
784:art world
743:Art world
328:art world
305:formalism
232:Hong Kong
220:Art Basel
87:fine arts
83:art world
71:art world
55:art world
1581:The arts
1480:Painters
1365:painting
1277:The arts
1237:feminist
1174:Biennale
914:Portrait
899:Painting
870:graffiti
823:Fine art
782:and the
67:fine art
18:Artworld
1485:by name
1428:largest
1265:Related
1249:outline
1031:Curator
1019:frescos
956:tallest
941:carving
892:virtual
887:digital
882:history
818:Drawing
803:Collage
791:Artwork
623:2022937
398:2707484
272:Curator
128:cluster
77:History
1507:female
1132:Europe
1067:Places
1056:Europe
1046:Patron
1036:Dealer
1026:Critic
999:Artist
951:statue
946:relief
865:fresco
717:
690:
663:
621:
546:
518:
493:
483:
428:
396:
322:Change
161:Artist
144:Berlin
142:, and
136:London
109:, and
1396:Lists
1387:Style
1041:Model
992:Roles
860:Mural
619:JSTOR
516:JSTOR
491:JSTOR
394:JSTOR
228:Miami
107:roles
715:ISBN
688:ISBN
661:ISBN
544:ISBN
481:ISBN
426:ISBN
285:and
270:and
53:The
1571:Art
611:doi
473:doi
386:doi
314:'s
206:An
1567::
1525:,
1521:,
617:.
607:61
605:.
601:.
569:39
567:.
489:.
479:.
440:^
406:^
392:.
382:12
380:.
376:.
357:.
307:.
254:.
146:.
138:,
134:,
105:,
772:e
765:t
758:v
723:.
696:.
669:.
625:.
613::
552:.
522:.
497:.
475::
434:.
400:.
388::
359:9
89:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
