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270:. Infrequent heavy rains lead to heavy erosional dissection. Where sudden precipitation cannot penetrate impermeable clays, it is channeled into a very dense system of streamlets that erode a dense system of ever-enlarging, coalescing gulleys and ravines. Erosion is enhanced by pelting raindrops that dislodge soft sediments. The presence of
341:
shale). This layer can form either a compact crust or a looser, more irregular aggregation of "popcorn" fragments. Located beneath the top layer is a sublayer (~5–10 cm or 2.0–3.9 in), below which can be found a transitional shard layer (~10–40 cm or 3.9–15.7 in), formed largely
1534:
Saha, Asish; Pal, Subodh
Chandra; Arabameri, Alireza; Chowdhuri, Indrajit; Rezaie, Fatemeh; Chakrabortty, Rabin; Roy, Paramita; Shit, Manisa (June 2021). "Optimization modelling to establish false measures implemented with ex-situ plant species to control gully erosion in a monsoon-dominated region
308:
The precise processes by which the erosion responses take place vary depending on the precise interbedding of the sedimentary material. However, it has been estimated that the badlands of
Badlands National Park erode at the relatively high rate of about one inch or 25 millimetres per year. The
427:. Agricultural use ceased by 1931 and natural recovery of the majority of the property began. Once established, however, this type of erosion can continue rapidly, if land clearing, overgrazing, and increased foot traffic by humans persists, as the shale is highly susceptible to erosion.
193:. Drainage density is defined as the total length of drainage channels per unit area of land surface. Badlands have a very high drainage density of 48 to 464 kilometres per square kilometre (77 to 747 miles per square mile). The numerous deep drainage channels and high
1939:"Facing Old Age and Searching for Regeneration in a Dying American West: Gregory Martin's "Mountain City" / Afrontando la vejez y buscando la regeneraciĂłn en un Oeste norteamericano moribundo: "Mountain City", de Gregory Martin"
1578:
Gallart, Francesc; Marignani, Michela; PĂ©rez-Gallego, Nuria; Santi, Elisa; Maccherini, Simona (July 2013). "Thirty years of studies on badlands, from physical to vegetational approaches. A succinct review".
325:
layers. The regolith profiles of badlands in arid climates are likely to resemble one another. In these regions, the upper layer (~1–5 cm or 0.4–2.0 in) is typically composed of
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1117:
2031:
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In addition to lacking significant regolith, they also lack much vegetation. The lack of vegetation could very well be a result of the lack of a substantial regolith.
989:
82:
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is a badlands area known for its colorful rock formations. It was voted by
Chinese media outlets as one of the most beautiful landforms in China and became a
153:. They are often difficult to navigate by foot, and are unsuitable for agriculture. Most are a result of natural processes, but destruction of vegetation by
301:, and other connected void spaces in the subsurface through which water can drain. However, this is not a universal feature of badlands. For example, the
361:
In less arid regions, the regolith profile can vary considerably. Some badlands have no regolith layer whatsoever, capping instead in bare rock such as
57:
44:
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of loose disaggregated shale chips, which in turn eventually gives way to a layer of unweathered shale. Badlands such as those found in the
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Although most badland topography is natural, badlands have been produced artificially by destruction of vegetation cover, through
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in
Colorado and Utah are also badlands settings, along with several other areas in southern Utah, such as the Chinle Badlands in
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1993:
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993:
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1434:
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584:
553:
1869:
Ertek, T. Ahmet (12 March 2021). "The
Geoheritage of Göreme National Park and the Rock Sites of Cappadocia, Turkey".
679:
2026:
985:
513:
Badlands are generally unsuitable for agriculture, but attempts have been made to remediate badlands. For example,
49:
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are believed to be buried in the immediate area and exploration has been ongoing since the early 20th century.
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draining
Badlands National Park was so named for its heavy load of bentonite clay eroded from the badlands.
147:
2021:
2016:
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925:, a United States National Park composed of three geographically separated areas of badlands in western
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1617:
Avcioglu, Aydogan; Gorum, Tolga; Akbas, Abdullah; Moreno de las Heras, Mariano; Yetemen, Omer (2021).
1878:
1689:
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950:
906:
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797:
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162:
1916:(2nd rev. ed.). Petrified Forest National Park, Arizona: Petrified Forest Museum Association.
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Clay and Shale
Deposits of Ontario, Ontario Geological Survey, Mineral Deposits Circular MDC15
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1004:. Additional badlands also exist in various places throughout southwest Wyoming, such as near
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Badlands arise from a combination of an impermeable but easily eroded ground surface, sparse
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187:). Such a drainage system is said to have a very fine drainage texture, as measured by its
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Badlands are found on every continent except
Antarctica, being most common where there are
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365:. Others have a regolith with a clay veneer, and still others have a biological crust of
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has cut a very large number of deep drainage channels, separated by short, steep ridges (
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423:. In the early 1900s, the area was used for agricultural purposes, predominantly cattle
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2005:
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1619:"The climatic, topographic and litho-tectonic characteristics of badlands in Turkey"
1384:
Bryan, R. and A. Yair, 1982a. Perspectives on studies of badland geomorphology. In
1231:
Parks and plates : the geology of our national parks, monuments, and seashores
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is another example of badlands. A small strip of badlands is also found in western
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587:("Valley of the Moon") is one of many examples of badland formations in midwestern
575:. The presence of unconsolidated sediments is a strong control on their locations.
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435:
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In addition to a dense system of drainages and interfluves, badlands often contain
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are examples of extensive badland formations. Also located in this region is
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Reading the Rocks: Aguide to the
Geological Features of the Wairarapa Coast
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35:
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969:
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Dinosaur
Provincial Park : a spectacular ancient ecosystem revealed
1510:(Fourth ed.). Alexandria, Virginia: American Geological Institute.
1297:(Fourth ed.). Alexandria, Virginia: American Geological Institute.
972:-aged shales are exposed. Another popular area of badland formations is
808:– is located at the head of a small valley near the southern tip of the
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In addition to surface erosion, badlands sometimes have well-developed
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This article is about the type of terrain. For the national park, see
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who moved there in the late 1700s and who referred to the terrain as
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1678:"Clay mineralogy as a crucial factor in badland hillslope processes"
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Arid zone geomorphology : process, form and change in drylands
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species. However, the time scale for this process is many decades.
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area in Utah, about 4,900 ft (1,500 m) above sea level,
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Badlands are partially characterized by their thin to nonexistent
238:. These are formed by resistant beds of sandstone, which form the
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1979:
1399:"Cheltenham Badlands Management Planning Background Information"
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can become established and then be gradually replaced by native
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29:
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705:, Eastern India is a badlands located in a monsoon climate.
1974:
1350:(3rd ed.). Chichester, West Sussex: Wiley-Blackwell.
1160: – Valley in the Mojave Desert, Eastern California
505:
that is unlike the eroded badlands of the White River.
1388:. R. Bryan and A. Yair (eds), 1-3. Norwich: Geo Books.
1265:(9th ed.). Hoboken, N.J.: J. Wiley. p. 475.
1028:
in California also has areas of badlands, as does the
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or 'bad lands to traverse', perhaps influenced by the
1372:"Geologic Formations: How Badlands Buttes Came to Be"
1871:
Zeitschrift fĂĽr Geomorphologie, Supplementary Issues
1233:(1st ed.). New York: W.W. Norton. p. 267.
760:, badlands are called "calanchi". Some examples are
1975:
Badlands National Park (U.S. National Park Service)
945:encompasses numerous badlands that also abuts the
111:. They are characterized by steep slopes, minimal
1982:– Documentary about the badlands of South Dakota.
525:and reforestation have been studied in the black
254:, and infrequent but heavy rainfall. The surface
1209:(2nd ed.) Springer Science & Business Media
1205:A.J. Parsons and A.D. Abrahams, Editors (2009)
1154: – Narrow inlet on the Mediterranean coast
1123:Badlands below North Caineville Plateau by the
1731:. Great Plains Research Center. Archived from
1455:"How Did Badlands National Park Get Its Name?"
1408:Conservancy. 2012. p. 4-5. Archived from
266:, with only occasional beds of more resistant
1325:(2d ed.). New York: Wiley. p. 127.
1048:inside various different media, particularly
468:, as the early French fur traders called the
8:
1775:Currie, P.J.; Koppelhus, E.B., eds. (2005).
949:Indian Reservation and is directly north of
483:
473:
463:
173:Badlands are characterized by a distinctive
1316:
1314:
1293:Jackson, Julia A., ed. (1997). "badlands".
990:Grand Staircase–Escalante National Monument
358:can be generally said to fit this profile.
83:Grand Staircase–Escalante National Monument
1506:Jackson, Julia A., ed. (1997). "Malpais".
1374:. National Park Service. 10 November 2020.
1779:. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
1663:"Ischigualasto / Talampaya Natural Parks"
1638:
1623:EGU General Assembly Conference Abstracts
1612:
1610:
1288:
1286:
1284:
1282:
879:Turkey has extensive badlands, including
1529:
1527:
1224:
1222:
1147:Tsingy de Bemaraha Strict Nature Reserve
683:Badlands of the Zhangye National Geopark
60:of all important aspects of the article.
2032:Western (genre) staples and terminology
1256:
1254:
1252:
1250:
1170:
1059:
488:, meaning 'bad land' or 'eroded land'.
419:are an example of badlands produced by
95:are a type of dry terrain where softer
1859:, Landscape Publications limited, 1989
855:, parts of the Granada Altiplano near
297:, which is a system of pipes, joints,
56:Please consider expanding the lead to
1839:"Putangirua Pinnacles Scenic Reserve"
1676:Kasanin-Grubin, Milica (2013-07-01).
659:Royal Tyrrell Museum of Palaeontology
619:, not far from Canada's largest city
282:of the drainage system from regional
7:
1207:Geomorphology of Desert Environments
645:, particularly in the valley of the
1980:The Badlands: Nature's Time Capsule
1537:Journal of Environmental Management
792:A well-known badlands formation in
1914:Petrified Forest: A Story in Stone
1535:with novel in-situ measurements".
929:named after former U.S. President
634:gained notoriety as a hideout for
430:An example of badlands created by
305:badlands show very little piping.
177:. This is terrain in which water
14:
641:There is a large badland area in
1386:Badland geomorphology and piping
1116:
1098:
1080:
1062:
923:Theodore Roosevelt National Park
709:spread across northern parts of
475:les mauvaises terres Ă traverser
225:Theodore Roosevelt National Park
34:
1801:"ZHANGYE UNESCO GLOBAL GEOPARK"
1665:. UNESCO World Heritage Centre.
1044:Badlands have become a popular
800:, formed by the erosion of the
48:may be too short to adequately
1994:New International Encyclopedia
1684:. Updating Badlands Research.
1321:Thornbury, William D. (1969).
935:Petrified Forest National Park
721:known for its lawlessness and
567:Badlands are found on all the
143:forms are common in badlands.
58:provide an accessible overview
16:Type of heavily eroded terrain
1:
1549:10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.112284
501:, but refers to a terrain of
197:creates a stark landscape of
1855:Lloyd Homer and Phil Moore,
1729:Encyclopedia of Saskatchewan
1702:10.1016/j.catena.2012.08.008
1640:10.5194/egusphere-egu21-7788
1601:10.1016/j.catena.2012.02.008
1485:El Malpais National Monument
1481:"Frequently asked questions"
1891:10.1127/zfg_suppl/2021/0702
1723:Harel, Claude-Jean (2006).
1323:Principles of geomorphology
824:Badland landscape from the
749:, in the Italian region of
242:of the buttes and hoodoos.
2048:
1453:Shaw, Ethan (2018-03-18).
1229:Lillie, Robert J. (2005).
986:Dinosaur National Monument
668:
653:is located, as well as in
521:, Eastern India, badlands
517:is being attempted in the
18:
1261:Levin, Harold L. (2010).
992:. A small badland called
978:Oglala National Grassland
474:
464:
25:Badlands (disambiguation)
1346:Thomas, D., ed. (2011).
980:located in northwestern
688:Zhangye National Geopark
671:Zhangye National Geopark
651:Dinosaur Provincial Park
356:Dinosaur Provincial Park
115:, lack of a substantial
1487:. National Park Service
1180:Chambers's Encyclopædia
1026:Pinnacles National Park
974:Toadstool Geologic Park
896:Toadstool Geologic Park
529:badlands of the French
484:
274:clay further increases
81:The Chinle Badlands at
1757:. Virtual Saskatchewan
1263:The earth through time
1187:, 1961, Vol. 2, p. 47.
1070:Badlands National Park
915:Badlands National Park
902:
836:
753:
717:and southern parts of
684:
608:
564:
421:poor farming practices
396:
380:Anthropogenic badlands
288:Badlands National Park
227:
107:have been extensively
89:
23:. For other uses, see
21:Badlands National Park
1433:Guillet, J.R (1977).
894:
823:
744:
692:UNESCO Global Geopark
682:
602:
552:
387:
215:
80:
1912:Ash, Sidney (2005).
951:Joseph City, Arizona
907:Makoshika State Park
881:Göreme National Park
798:Putangirua Pinnacles
778:Civita di Bagnoregio
497:means 'badlands' in
465:les mauvaises terres
337:(a byproduct of the
1937:RĂo, David (2016).
1883:2021ZGmS...62..333E
1694:2013Caten.106...54K
1631:2021EGUGA..23.7788A
1593:2013Caten.106....4G
1508:Glossary of geology
1295:Glossary of geology
613:Cheltenham Badlands
535:Austrian black pine
442:in northern Spain.
413:Cheltenham Badlands
389:Cheltenham Badlands
175:badlands topography
169:Badlands topography
1725:"Big Muddy Valley"
1034:eastern California
1012:near the towns of
931:Theodore Roosevelt
903:
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754:
745:The "Calanchi" of
685:
628:Big Muddy Badlands
609:
565:
409:acid mine drainage
397:
228:
90:
2027:Erosion landforms
1988:"Bad Lands"
1923:978-0-945695-11-0
1040:Culture and media
941:which is part of
853:Tabernas, AlmerĂa
352:Chadron Formation
286:, as occurred at
262:, sometimes with
97:sedimentary rocks
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1088:Hell's Half-Acre
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1022:Uintah Mountains
1020:, near the high
994:Hell's Half-Acre
898:in northwestern
867:are examples of
617:Caledon, Ontario
585:Valle de la Luna
554:Valle de la Luna
487:
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417:Caledon, Ontario
393:Caledon, Ontario
190:drainage density
121:drainage density
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841:Bardenas Reales
826:Bárdenas Reales
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713:, southeastern
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675:Danxia landform
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460:Canadian French
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348:Brule Formation
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303:Henry Mountains
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139:and other such
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43:This article's
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1969:External links
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1952:(1): 149–164.
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1177:"Badlands" in
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998:Natrona County
996:is present in
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1818:
1815:"28/07/2020"
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1759:. Retrieved
1748:
1737:. Retrieved
1733:the original
1728:
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1158:Death Valley
1142:Earth forest
1074:South Dakota
1043:
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927:North Dakota
919:South Dakota
904:
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861:Los Monegros
838:
810:North Island
806:alluvial fan
802:conglomerate
791:
770:Crete Senesi
755:
701:
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661:is located.
657:, where the
640:
632:Saskatchewan
625:
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603:Badlands in
582:
566:
523:Revegetation
512:
509:Human impact
492:
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344:Mancos Shale
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294:
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280:rejuvenation
249:
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188:
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174:
172:
161:can produce
145:
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85:in southern
66:October 2022
63:
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45:lead section
1819:Empower IAS
1406:Bruce Trail
1106:Las MĂ©dulas
1008:and in the
794:New Zealand
788:New Zealand
470:White River
440:Las MĂ©dulas
401:overgrazing
311:White River
276:erodibility
195:interfluves
184:interfluves
155:overgrazing
119:, and high
2006:Categories
1824:2022-09-05
1761:2010-05-11
1739:2010-05-11
1543:: 112284.
1517:0922152349
1491:18 January
1466:2019-08-01
1419:2024-03-08
1332:0471861979
1304:0922152349
1240:0393924076
1183:. London:
1165:References
966:Cretaceous
960:Among the
871:badlands.
804:of an old
766:Basilicata
751:Basilicata
669:See also:
655:Drumheller
605:Drumheller
573:Antarctica
569:continents
503:lava flows
354:, and the
264:evaporites
252:vegetation
165:badlands.
113:vegetation
1899:233709481
1710:0341-8162
1688:: 54–67.
1649:236762970
1565:232217656
1460:USA Today
955:dinosaurs
715:Rajasthan
694:in 2019.
607:, Alberta
589:Argentina
579:Argentina
562:Argentina
545:Locations
539:deciduous
491:The term
485:mako sica
472:badlands
458:from the
450:The word
446:Etymology
405:acid rain
363:sandstone
339:weathered
278:, as can
272:bentonite
268:sandstone
159:pollution
151:sediments
50:summarize
2012:Badlands
1958:24757762
1946:Atlantis
1587:: 4–11.
1557:33711662
1152:Calanque
1136:See also
1050:westerns
1006:Pinedale
982:Nebraska
970:Jurassic
900:Nebraska
703:Garhbeta
649:, where
558:San Juan
519:Garhbeta
452:badlands
395:, Canada
323:regolith
317:Regolith
141:geologic
117:regolith
93:Badlands
1997:. 1905.
1879:Bibcode
1690:Bibcode
1627:Bibcode
1589:Bibcode
1092:Wyoming
1002:Wyoming
976:in the
953:. Many
939:Arizona
911:Montana
869:Spanish
830:Navarre
774:Tuscany
731:Haryana
723:dacoity
707:Chambal
643:Alberta
636:outlaws
621:Toronto
615:are in
571:except
499:Spanish
494:malpaĂs
462:phrase
434:is the
425:grazing
371:lichens
299:caverns
260:mudrock
256:bedrock
240:caprock
236:hoodoos
221:hoodoos
217:Caprock
207:ravines
203:gullies
179:erosion
137:hoodoos
129:gullies
125:Ravines
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875:Turkey
865:Aragon
857:Guadix
847:, the
796:– the
776:) and
762:Aliano
747:Aliano
595:Canada
456:calque
432:mining
411:. The
350:, the
346:, the
333:, and
295:piping
284:uplift
246:Origin
232:buttes
205:, and
133:buttes
109:eroded
103:-rich
1954:JSTOR
1942:(PDF)
1895:S2CID
1645:S2CID
1561:S2CID
1440:(PDF)
1413:(PDF)
1402:(PDF)
1110:Spain
1046:trope
1014:Lyman
843:near
834:Spain
828:, in
816:Spain
782:Lazio
758:Italy
737:Italy
698:India
665:China
454:is a
436:Roman
407:, or
367:algae
331:shale
199:hills
105:soils
1918:ISBN
1781:ISBN
1706:ISSN
1553:PMID
1512:ISBN
1493:2021
1352:ISBN
1327:ISBN
1299:ISBN
1267:ISBN
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1129:Utah
1016:and
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531:Alps
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