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through eighteenth centuries, every city and large town in the Low
Countries had at least one court beguinage: the communities dwindled and came to an end, over the course of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. They were encircled by walls and separated from the town proper by several gates, closed at night, but through which during the day the beguines could come and go as they pleased. Beguines came from a wide range of social classes, though truly poor women were admitted only if they had a wealthy benefactor who pledged to provide for their needs.
31:
84:, an association of beguines living together or in close proximity of each other under the guidance of a single superior, called a mistress or prioress. Although they were not usually referred to as "convents", in these houses dwelt a small number of women together: the houses small, informal, and often poor communities that emerged across Europe after the twelfth century. In most cases, beguines who lived in a convent agreed to obey certain regulations during their stay and contributed to a collective fund.
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beguinages were formed which consisted of several houses for beguines built around a central chapel or church where their religious activities took place; these often included functional buildings such as a brewery, a bakery, a hospital, and some farm buildings. Several of these beguinages are now
153:
While a small beguinage usually constituted just one house where women lived together, a Low
Countries court beguinage typically comprised one or more courtyards surrounded by houses, and also included a church, an infirmary complex, and a number of communal houses or 'convents'. From the twelfth
169:
The understanding of women's motivations for joining the beguinages has changed dramatically in recent decades. The development of these communities is clearly linked to a preponderance of women in urban centers in the Middle Ages, but while earlier scholars like the
Belgian historian
178:, who demonstrated that, for much of Europe, marriage occurred later in life and at a lower frequency than had previously been believed, historians have established that single women moved to the newly developed cities because those cities offered them work opportunities.
182:
has shown how the smaller beguinages as well as the court beguinages answered such women's social and economic needs, in addition to offering them a religious life coupled with personal independence, which was a difficult thing to have for a woman.
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van Eck, Xander (2000). "Between
Restraint and Excess: The Decoration of the Church of the Great Beguinage at Mechelen in the Seventeenth Century".
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believed that this "surplus" of women was caused by men dying in war, that theory has been debunked. Since the groundbreaking work of
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In the first decades of the thirteenth century much larger and more stable types of community emerged in the region of the
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founded a beguinage in Paris, which was modeled on the court beguinages of the Low
Countries.
77:: lay religious women who lived in community without taking vows or retiring from the world.
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49:, inhabitant of a beguinage. Excerpt from a manuscript of the beguinage of Sint-Aubertus in
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130:, "Lambert the Stammerer", an early supporter of the movement who died around 1180.
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690:, specifically associated with a medieval demographic period, in relation to women
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Ancient and
Primeval Beech Forests of the Carpathians and Other Regions of Europe
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The Wisdom of the
Beguines: the Forgotten Story of a Medieval Women's Movement
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Cities of Ladies: Beguine
Communities in the Medieval Low Countries, 1200–1565
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Beguines of
Medieval Paris: Gender, Patronage, and Spiritual Authority
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Listing shared with six other countries, which includes
Belgium's
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Funerary and memory sites of the First World War (Western Front)
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sites. Around the mid-thirteenth century, the French king
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Buildings and structures completed in the 13th century
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Simiolus: Netherlands Quarterly for the History of Art
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Four Lifts on the Canal du Centre and their Environs
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708:"Het begijnhof Sint Aubertus (Poortacker) te Gent"
804:"Case study: Begijnhof, Sittard, The Netherlands"
27:Religious community, common in the Low Countries
1068:Major town houses of the architect Victor Horta
1083:Plantin-Moretus House-Workshops-Museum Complex
768:"Beguinage of the Grey Beguines of Leeuwarden"
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968:Belgium's beguinages offered refuge for women
8:
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650:Béguinage de la rue Quentin-Barré, et al.,
80:Originally the beguine institution was the
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890:"World Heritage List | Flemish BĂ©guinages"
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488:New Saint-Elisabeth in Sint-Amandsberg
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806:. Institutions for Collective Action.
782:"Begijnhof, Haarlem, The Netherlands"
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324:
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222:
7:
784:. Institutions for Collective Action
287:Beguinage of Sint-Amandsberg / Ghent
1018:Architectural Work of Le Corbusier
770:. Institute for Collective Action.
25:
1073:Neolithic Flint Mines at Spiennes
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406:
399:
1166:World Heritage Sites in Belgium
1078:Notre-Dame Cathedral in Tournai
1007:World Heritage Sites in Belgium
1063:Major Mining Sites of Wallonia
1023:Belfries of Belgium and France
851:Miller, Tanya Stabler (2014).
420:World Heritage Site in Belgium
1:
818:"Beguinages in Saint Quentin"
321:Cultural: (ii)(iii)(iv)
1135:, which includes Belgium's
351:59.95 ha (148.1 acres)
257:Large Beguinage of Mechelen
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824:. Michelin. Archived from
657:BĂ©guinage de Saint Vaast,
199:UNESCO World Heritage Site
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1053:Historic Centre of Bruges
1048:Great Spa Towns of Europe
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297:Large Beguinage of Leuven
267:Beguinage of Sint-Truiden
205:
119:Oxford English Dictionary
34:View of the Beguinage in
1058:La Grand-Place, Brussels
282:Small Beguinage of Ghent
277:Beguinage of Dendermonde
247:Beguinage of Hoogstraten
1131:; Listing shared with
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1038:Colonies of Benevolence
870:Simons, Walter (2001).
664:BĂ©guinage, Valenciennes
1181:Catholicism in Belgium
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589:BĂ©guinages" listed by
585:‡ marks the thirteen "
379:51.030972°N 4.473750°E
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683:Beguines and Beghards
307:Beguinage of Kortrijk
272:Beguinage of Tongeren
262:Beguinage of Turnhout
215:, Small BĂ©guinage of
165:with its chapel, left
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912:Swan, Laura (2014).
608:Begijnhof, Amsterdam
595:World Heritage Sites
874:. Pennsylvania UP.
855:. Pennsylvania UP.
828:on January 11, 2016
494:Our-Lady Ter Hooyen
483:Old Saint-Elisabeth
384:51.030972; 4.473750
375: /
302:Beguinage of Bruges
213:Our-Lady Ter Hooyen
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1028:Flemish BĂ©guinages
621:Begijnhof, Utrecht
418:Flemish BĂ©guinages
292:Beguinage of Diest
192:Flemish BĂ©guinages
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128:Lambert le Bègue
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53:. Made ca. 1840.
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786:. Retrieved
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715:. Retrieved
712:lib.ugent.be
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584:
566:Sint-Truiden
417:
416:Location of
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163:Sint-Truiden
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143:
142:View of the
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79:
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58:
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755:UNESCO 1998
743:Miller 2014
731:Simons 2001
688:Frauenfrage
667:BĂ©guinage,
512:Hoogstraten
460:Dendermonde
382: /
370:4°28′25.5″E
367:51°1′51.5″N
357:Coordinates
339:1998 (22nd
336:Inscription
176:John Hajnal
134:Description
61:, from the
1176:Beguinages
1160:Categories
832:January 8,
717:2020-08-28
695:References
633:Leeuwarden
613:Bagijnhof
561:Oudenaarde
439:Anderlecht
187:In Belgium
96:listed by
788:8 January
597:in 1998.
507:Herentals
472:Diksmuide
326:Reference
122:, citing
112:Etymology
69:béguinage
59:beguinage
18:Begijnhof
677:See also
671:, France
661:, France
654:, France
578:Tongeren
572:Turnhout
555:Kortrijk
541:Mechelen
455:Brussels
434:Aarschot
317:Criteria
240:Includes
230:Flanders
225:Location
124:Du Cange
106:Louis IX
91:: large
75:beguines
36:Kortrijk
953:3780941
898:. 1998.
844:Sources
659:Cambrai
645:Sittard
639:Haarlem
587:Flemish
502:Hasselt
444:Antwerp
341:Session
234:Belgium
82:convent
47:beguine
1137:Wortel
1129:France
951:
920:
895:UNESCO
878:
859:
591:UNESCO
546:Large‡
524:Leuven
449:Bruges
148:Leuven
98:UNESCO
63:French
949:JSTOR
669:Paris
627:Breda
615:Delft
549:Small
535:Small
530:Large
477:Ghent
466:Diest
217:Ghent
93:court
65:term
51:Ghent
918:ISBN
876:ISBN
857:ISBN
834:2016
790:2016
518:Lier
348:Area
116:The
1141:Spa
971:CNN
941:doi
593:as
330:855
146:in
100:as
1162::
947:.
937:28
935:.
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45:A
1147:.
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884:.
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745:.
733:.
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580:‡
574:‡
568:‡
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514:‡
496:‡
490:‡
468:‡
462:‡
451:‡
343:)
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
