53:
2244:
382:
275:
being blinded then expelled from
Byzantium into the natural world beyond. The emotional centre lies, however, in Donizetti's forceful depiction of Belisario's relationship with his strong-willed daughter Irene – you think at once of Cordelia – and his eventual reunion with Alamiro, the son who vanished in infancy and in whose supposed murder Belisario is implicated.
2447:
1481:
1994:
596:/ "What do I see, you Alamiro reject my gift?"). The general adopts him in place of his long lost son. Irene congratulates her father, but Antonina has already begun her work of hate, by traducing Belisarius to Justinian, and the innocent man is accused of high treason and thrown into prison on the evidence of his wife.
640:
As the clang of weapons is heard, Irene leads
Belisarius to a cave for safety. Alamiro now leads the army of the Alanni against Byzantium to avenge Belisarius. Belisarius confronts him and recognizes him as his son through an amulet. At his father's request, the son leaves the ranks of the enemies of
649:
Antonina, in remorse, tells the emperor that her testimony against
Belisarius was false. Irene approaches with news of the victory and informs Antonina that Alamiro is her son, and that it was the slave, not Belisarius, who had planned his death. Meanwhile, the blind Belisarius has led the Byzantine
240:
Of greater concern to
Donizetti was the singers who were to be engaged. Primarily, he was concerned about the identity of the leading tenor: "Until I know for sure, I cannot compose duets, finales and trios", he writes in October. By the time Donizetti arrived in Venice on 6 January 1836, the score
228:
There followed discussions with impresario Natale
Fabbrici about employing a Venetian librettist, Pietro Beltrame. However, not only did the composer prefer to work with a librettist known to him and with whom he could work in close proximity, but he had already begun working with Cammarano who was
274:
immediately to mind. But
Donizetti's score has none of Verdi's furious compression, and dramatically we are in very different territory. Belisario and Antonina, the latter more Regan than Lady Macbeth, are at each others' throats rather than united by desire for power. Her machinations lead to his
258:
In the case of
Antonietta Vial (who was to sing the role of Irene and whom he described on first hearing her as "both a bastard soprano and a veiled contralto", he was able to make adjustments to suit her vocal limitations. By the time of the first performance, which was well received, Donizetti
289:
The opera's popularity continued through the 19th century, with stagings in 31 cities both in Europe and
America. Its first performance in London took place on 1 April 1837, but it only reached the United States on 29 July 1843 in Philadelphia and later in New York on 14 February 1844.
316:
The opera was presented in
January 2005 by the North Carolina School for Arts using a then brand-new performance score prepared by Ottavio Sbragia. Realizing close to the beginning of rehearsals that a performance score was not available, NCSA enlisted the help of musicologist
587:
Irene and the populace greet the victor
Belisarius. Antonina hates her husband because Proclus, the slave of Belisarius, has confessed on his deathbed, that upon command of his master he had exposed her son on the shore of the ocean, thus causing his death. The Emperor
929:
has also been suggested as a source: Weinstock 1963, p. 350; Ashbrook & Hibberd 2001, p. 237, state it was Marmontel's 1776 "play"), but Osborne strongly asserts that Cammarano's primary source must have been Marchionni's Italian translation of Schenk's 1820 play
650:
army and defeated the Alanni, who had threatened Byzantium, but an arrow has mortally wounded him. He is carried in dying, and the sorrowing emperor promises to be a father to Alamiro and Irene.
614:
Alamiro and his friends lament the fate of Belisarius, whose eyes have been put out by his enemies, falsely construing and disobeying the commands of the emperor. Alamiro swears vengeance (Aria:
305:
Modern productions have been rare. Revivals took place in 1969 at La Fenice, in 1970 at Bergamo, in 1972 in London, in 1973 in Naples, in 1981 in Buenos Aires, and in 1990 at
618:/ "Tremble, murderous Byzantium, war shall descend upon thee"). Irene clad as a youth arrives to act as guide to her father, who is about to be released from prison (Duet:
1218:
592:
greets his commander and grants his prayer for the release of the prisoners. The captive, Alamiro, who adores Belisarius, refuses to leave him (Recitative and duet:
321:, who was able to put them in touch with Sbragia, and his version, which was based on the original 1836 performances in Venice, became the work's critical edition.
189:
not only pleased and delighted, but also conquered, enflamed and ravished the full auditorium", in the long run, had "Donizetti poured music of the calibre of his
2280:
199:
the shortcomings of its wayward plot and dramatic structure would matter less". By April 1836, even the composer himself recognized that the work stood below
2492:
2517:
2497:
1528:
52:
2512:
1843:
1739:
2472:
994:
Commons 2013, pp. 12–14: "It would be imprudent to have the poet so far removed from the maestro" Donizetti had noted in a letter of 24 October.
641:
Byzantium, and the Alanni, now under the command of Ottavio, march to Byzantium, having no fear, as the emperor's army is bereft of its leader.
259:
reported to his publisher the audience's reaction to most of the numbers, specifically that "in the duet for Vial and Salvatore, many shouts of
1899:
959:
Ashbrook 1982, p. 637: Ashbrook states that there were "28 consecutive performances" that season (p. 107), whereas Osborne claims 17. (p. 246)
1354:
1083:
225:
in Venice, for what would be the first visit to that city since 1819, but it was not until October that the subject was finally agreed upon.
2507:
2482:
1546:
1133:
155:, first staged in Munich in 1820 and then (in Italian) in Naples in 1826. The plot is loosely based on the life of the famous general
2273:
1398:
1373:
1341:
1330:
2487:
1096:, vol. 22, no. 1 (Winter 2006), pp. 182–184 (partial article; refers to several different recordings). Retrieved 2 September 2012
1993:
1521:
1485:
1386:
1491:
1118:
1105:
245:
was almost finished, and because of delays, he had time to hear several of the proposed singers in a performance of Rossini's
2502:
325:
1859:
410:
2437:
2266:
1285:
1203:
2326:
2247:
2064:
2032:
1667:
1514:
920:
2229:
1947:
1819:
1795:
1763:
1731:
2160:
1191:
1163:
2398:
2366:
2112:
2096:
1931:
1603:
247:
2318:
2024:
1979:
1923:
1365:
1079:
874:
362:
22:
1883:
369:
as Antonina and Sicilian baritone Nicola Alaimo as the title character. The cast recorded the opera for
221:, the first under that name at La Scala in late 1835. He had signed the contract in July 1835 to present
181:
However, in spite of its initial short-term success and critical reaction, as represented by a review in
2414:
1939:
1811:
1419:
Donizetti and the World of Opera in Italy, Paris, and Vienna in the First Half of the Nineteenth Century
1242:
148:
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1915:
1907:
1875:
1803:
1787:
1723:
1691:
1659:
707:
361:
in Bergamo as part of the Donizetti Festival in September 2012 using the critical edition, while the
348:
335:
In July 2010, the opera was performed by the Buenos Aires Lirica and a concert performance, starring
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2290:
2202:
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1987:
1891:
1755:
1675:
1171:
1092:
340:
266:
In a review of a 2011 London performance, some of the strengths of Donizetti's score are outlined:
191:
140:
66:
26:
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2152:
1707:
1635:
1619:
1581:
1414:
1048:
883:
306:
1747:
1453:
1851:
1683:
1651:
1643:
1611:
1537:
1500:
1422:
1394:
1369:
1350:
1326:
919:
Osborne 1994, p. 246; Ashbrook 1982, p. 561; Ashbrook 1992, p. 384; Smart & Budden, 2001.
796:
786:
475:
178:
notes that there would have been more had the opera not been presented so late in the season.
136:
44:
1464:
174:, Venice, and was given many additional performances that season, although Donizetti scholar
2334:
2224:
2184:
2080:
2040:
1835:
1771:
1715:
1318:
1273:
1022:
758:
712:
358:
234:
175:
171:
160:
107:
1130:
2477:
2390:
2342:
2048:
1404:
1227:
1137:
851:
702:
688:
366:
344:
336:
801:
2258:
2382:
2374:
2176:
2128:
1971:
1867:
863:
858:
424:
318:
2461:
2358:
2144:
2008:
1963:
1955:
1561:
1408:
1346:
781:
776:
738:
437:
217:
167:
2451:
2422:
2406:
2168:
2136:
1251:
1057:
743:
693:
365:
presented a concert performance in London on 28 October 2012 with Canadian soprano
310:
309:
in New Jersey. Most notable amongst performers in the leading female role has been
263:, but at the end (so they say) the situation is so moving that they were weeping".
925:
2120:
2104:
1827:
878:
589:
466:
1360:
Ashbrook, William; Hibberd, Sarah (2001). "Gaetano Donizetti", pp. 237 in
1121:, article on the Donizetti Society (London) website. Retrieved 2 September 2012
1627:
1589:
890:
869:
833:
447:
400:
370:
156:
1458:
934:, which had been presented in Naples in 1826, and not Marmontel's 1766 novel.
1441:
Donizetti: in the light of Romanticism and the teaching of Johann Simon Mayr
381:
1383:: introductory essay in booklet accompanying the 2013 Opera Rara recording.
1293:
1480:
1779:
717:(Recording of a performance at Teatro La Fenice, Venice, on 9 or 14 May)
456:
329:
144:
1443:, Shaftesbury: Element Books, Ltd (UK); Rockport, MA: Element, Inc.(USA)
270:
The central couple are played by bass and soprano, which brings Verdi's
2350:
2056:
1426:
419:
294:
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185:
which stated that "A new masterwork has been added to Italian music...
1699:
1506:
2016:
491:
380:
229:
revising – to the composer's satisfaction – an earlier version of
132:
40:
1150:
Full program pdf with essays, etc. in Spanish on balirica.org.ar
832:(Video recording of a performance in a modern production at the
2262:
1510:
1034:
Donizetti to Ricordi, 5 February 1836, in Ashbrook 1982, p. 107
1012:
Donizetti to Fabbrici, 24 October 1835 in Ashbrook 1982, p. 106
1411:(2001). "Donizetti, (Domenico) Gaetano (Maria)" in Sadie 2001.
166:
It premiered to critical and popular success on 4 February
616:
Trema, Bisanzio! sterminatrice, Su te la guerra discenderĂ
1194:, musicweb-international.com. Retrieved 1 September 2012
1391:
The Bel Canto Operas of Rossini, Donizetti, and Bellini
552:
Senators, veterans, shepherds, guards, captives, people
2435:
215:
in September 1835, Donizetti moved on to stagings of
1231:(London), 29 October 2012. Retrieved 30 October 2012
1106:
Announcement of the stagings on donizettisociety.com
2212:
2195:
1553:
92:
80:
72:
62:
34:
251:given on 12 January, the day before rehearsals of
763:(Recording of a performance at Bergamo, October)
385:Carolina Ungher, who created the role of Antonina
1274:Recordings on operadis-opera-discography.org.uk
1223:, BBC Symphony Orchestra, Mark Elder, Barbican"
2274:
1522:
594:Che veggio!... Il don sprezzi forse, Alamiro?
8:
1290:recording information on Opera Rara website"
978:
976:
974:
830:Grazer Philharmonisches Orchester and Chorus
2281:
2267:
2259:
1529:
1515:
1507:
565:Place: Byzantium and the Haemus mountains.
233:which the librettist had submitted to the
51:
31:
1042:
1040:
1025:, 1 February 1836, in Commons 2013, p. 20
946:
944:
942:
940:
1844:Le convenienze ed inconvenienze teatrali
1740:Le convenienze ed inconvenienze teatrali
657:
388:
2442:
1448:Donizetti’s Operas in Naples, 1822–1848
912:
622:/"Oh thou, who in terrible darkness").
147:after Luigi Marchionni's adaptation of
1214:
1212:
990:
988:
620:Oh tu, che della eterna, orribil notte
7:
1796:Elisabetta al castello di Kenilworth
2493:Byzantine Empire in art and culture
1900:Il furioso all'isola di San Domingo
1164:"Stylish and Powerful: Donizetti's
2518:Cultural depictions of Justinian I
2498:Opera world premieres at La Fenice
1393:. Portland, Oregon: Amadeus Press
1162:Robert Hugill (16 February 2011).
839:Video Cassette: Premiere Opera Ltd
357:was given a new production at the
14:
2513:Cultural depictions of Belisarius
1342:The New Grove Dictionary of Opera
391:Roles, voice types, premiere cast
2445:
2243:
2242:
1992:
1479:
1469:, p. 35 (source of the synopsis)
1450:. London: The Donizetti Society.
1339:", vol. 1, pp. 384–385, in
583:The hall in the emperor's palace
1466:The Opera Goer's Complete Guide
1241:Time Ashley (30 October 2012).
1047:Tim Ashley (21 February 2011).
968:Quoted in Osborne, 1994, p. 246
405:Premiere cast, 4 February 1836
57:Title page of the 1836 libretto
2473:Fiction set in the 6th century
1644:Chiara e Serafina, o Il pirata
1325:. Cambridge University Press.
882:(Studio recording made at BBC
326:Turkish State Opera and Ballet
324:The same year saw stagings by
1:
1597:I piccioli virtuosi ambulanti
1439:Allitt, John Stewart (1991),
293:After an 1899 performance in
2017:Betly, o La capanna svizzera
1497:, Donizetti Society, London.
1421:. New York: Pantheon Books.
1368:. New York: Penguin Putnam.
1140:. Retrieved 2 September 2012
757:Orchestra and Chorus of the
2508:Byzantine Empire in fiction
2483:Operas by Gaetano Donizetti
1860:La romanziera e l'uomo nero
1362:The New Penguin Opera Guide
1335:Ashbrook, William (1992). "
1152:Retrieved 2 September 2012.
1131:Turkish State Opera website
2534:
1756:L'eremitaggio di Liverpool
1108:Retrieved 2 September 2012
1003:Ashbrook 1982, pp. 103–105
677:opera house and orchestra
514:head of the imperial guard
20:
16:Opera by Gaetano Donizetti
2297:
2238:
1764:Alina, regina di Golconda
1732:Il borgomastro di Saardam
1544:
1495:: Past productions report
950:Osborne 1994, pp. 245–248
550:
297:, the opera disappeared.
50:
39:
1379:Commons, Jeremy (2013),
1323:Donizetti and His Operas
1206:Retrieved 26 August 2012
886:, London, October 2012)
836:, November or December)
568:Time: sixth century A.D.
183:La Gazzetta privilegiata
2488:Italian-language operas
2399:La battaglia di Legnano
1604:Il falegname di Livonia
921:Jean-François Marmontel
528:caretaker of the prison
301:20th century and beyond
97:18 March 1836
2230:Donizetti's birthplace
1948:Rosmonda d'Inghilterra
1820:Imelda de' Lambertazzi
1349:. London: Macmillan.
1136:July 30, 2012, at the
875:BBC Symphony Orchestra
386:
363:BBC Symphony Orchestra
277:
23:Belisario (given name)
2503:Operas based on plays
1940:Il diluvio universale
1812:Il diluvio universale
1486:Belisario (Donizetti)
1204:Operabase.com listing
1119:"A Note on the Score"
982:Osborne, 1994, p. 247
841:Cat: VID 2234 (NTSC)
804:Orchestra and Chorus
487:prisoner of Belisario
471:Emperor of the Orient
384:
268:
2113:La fille du régiment
1908:Otto mesi in due ore
1876:Ugo, conte di Parigi
1804:I pazzi per progetto
1724:Otto mesi in due ore
1668:L'ajo nell'imbarazzo
1660:Il fortunato inganno
1503:, opera.stanford.edu
1488:at Wikimedia Commons
1446:Black, John (1982),
1192:Jim Pritchard review
715:Orchestra and Chorus
708:Gianandrea Gavazzeni
578:Il Trionfo (Triumph)
461:Celestino Salvatori
351:on 13 February 2011
349:Queen Elizabeth Hall
248:L'assedio di Corinto
237:management in 1832.
211:With the success of
88:by Eduard von Schenk
2319:L'assedio di Calais
2303:Lucia di Lammermoor
2291:Salvadore Cammarano
2073:Lucie de Lammermoor
2025:L'assedio di Calais
1988:Lucia di Lammermoor
1892:Sancia di Castiglia
1676:Emilia di Liverpool
1225:by Michael Church,
1172:Chelsea Opera Group
1093:The Opera Quarterly
791:Vittorio Terranova,
452:General of the army
393:
341:Chelsea Opera Group
280:Performance history
213:Lucia di Lammermoor
207:Composition history
203:in accomplishment.
192:Lucia di Lammermoor
159:of the 6th century
149:Eduard von Schenk's
141:Salvadore Cammarano
135:) in three acts by
67:Salvadore Cammarano
27:Belisario (surname)
2289:Opera libretti by
2220:Donizetti Monument
2196:Other compositions
2153:Linda di Chamounix
1708:Gabriella di Vergy
1636:La lettera anonima
1620:Zoraida di Granata
1582:Enrico di Borgogna
1415:Weinstock, Herbert
884:Maida Vale Studios
825:Konstantin Sfiris
389:
387:
307:Rutgers University
195:into the score of
143:wrote the Italian
21:For the name, see
2433:
2432:
2256:
2255:
1852:Francesca di Foix
1788:Il giovedì grasso
1684:Alahor in Granata
1652:Alfredo il grande
1612:Le nozze in villa
1538:Gaetano Donizetti
1484:Media related to
1355:978-1-56159-228-9
1319:Ashbrook, William
1117:Nancy Goldsmith,
899:
898:
797:Gianfranco Masini
787:Stefania Toczyska
645:Hall in Byzantium
610:Before the prison
557:
556:
137:Gaetano Donizetti
116:
115:
45:Gaetano Donizetti
2525:
2450:
2449:
2441:
2335:Roberto Devereux
2283:
2276:
2269:
2260:
2246:
2245:
2225:Donizetti Museum
2161:Caterina Cornaro
2089:L'Ange de Nisida
2041:Roberto Devereux
1996:
1884:L'elisir d'amore
1836:Gianni di Parigi
1772:Gianni di Calais
1716:Olivo e Pasquale
1575:L'ira di Achille
1531:
1524:
1517:
1508:
1483:
1462:
1387:Osborne, Charles
1306:
1305:
1303:
1301:
1296:on 7 August 2016
1292:. Archived from
1282:
1276:
1271:
1265:
1264:
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1260:
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1232:
1216:
1207:
1201:
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1103:
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1044:
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1032:
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1023:Giovanni Ricordi
1019:
1013:
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1004:
1001:
995:
992:
983:
980:
969:
966:
960:
957:
951:
948:
935:
917:
856:Camilla Roberts,
793:Nino Meneghetti
759:Teatro Donizetti
713:Teatro La Fenice
664:Cast: Belisario,
658:
636:In the mountains
631:La Morte (Death)
605:L'Esilio (Exile)
442:Antonietta Vial
415:Belisario's wife
394:
392:
359:Teatro Donizetti
343:under conductor
235:Teatro San Carlo
176:William Ashbrook
172:Teatro La Fenice
161:Byzantine Empire
108:Teatro La Fenice
104:
102:
55:
32:
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2391:Orazi e Curiazi
2343:Maria de Rudenz
2327:Pia de' Tolomei
2293:
2287:
2257:
2252:
2234:
2208:
2191:
2097:Lucrezia Borgia
2065:Pia de' Tolomei
2049:Maria de Rudenz
2033:Pia de' Tolomei
1932:Lucrezia Borgia
1748:L'esule di Roma
1549:
1540:
1535:
1476:
1456:
1436:
1434:Further reading
1405:Smart, Mary Ann
1310:
1309:
1299:
1297:
1284:
1283:
1279:
1272:
1268:
1258:
1256:
1240:
1239:
1235:
1228:The Independent
1217:
1210:
1202:
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1174:
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1138:Wayback Machine
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852:Joyce El-Khoury
850:
840:
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821:Natalia Biorro,
820:
818:
808:
800:
792:
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767:
762:
756:
755:Adolfo Camozzo,
751:
750:Umberto Grilli,
749:
747:
742:
729:
727:
726:Cat: MFOH 10301
725:
723:
721:
716:
711:
703:Nicola Zaccaria
701:
700:Umberto Grilli,
699:
697:
692:
689:Giuseppe Taddei
676:
671:
669:
667:
665:
656:
628:
602:
575:
562:
546:Giovanni Rizzi
535:Giovanni Rizzi
521:Adone Dell'Oro
507:Amalia Badessi
496:Ignazio Pasini
480:Saverio Giorgi
425:Carolina Ungher
390:
379:
367:Joyce El-Khoury
347:, was given at
345:Richard Bonynge
337:Nelly Miricioiu
282:
255:were to begin.
209:
129:tragedia lirica
112:
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98:
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30:
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2375:Maria di Rohan
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2177:Maria di Rohan
2173:
2165:
2157:
2149:
2141:
2133:
2125:
2117:
2109:
2101:
2093:
2085:
2077:
2069:
2061:
2053:
2045:
2037:
2029:
2021:
2013:
2005:
1997:
1984:
1980:Marino Faliero
1976:
1972:Gemma di Vergy
1968:
1960:
1952:
1944:
1936:
1928:
1924:Torquato Tasso
1920:
1912:
1904:
1896:
1888:
1880:
1872:
1864:
1856:
1848:
1840:
1832:
1824:
1816:
1808:
1800:
1792:
1784:
1776:
1768:
1760:
1752:
1744:
1736:
1728:
1720:
1712:
1704:
1696:
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1680:
1672:
1664:
1656:
1648:
1640:
1632:
1624:
1616:
1608:
1600:
1594:
1586:
1578:
1572:
1566:
1557:
1555:
1551:
1550:
1547:List of operas
1545:
1542:
1541:
1536:
1534:
1533:
1526:
1519:
1511:
1505:
1504:
1498:
1489:
1475:
1474:External links
1472:
1471:
1470:
1451:
1444:
1435:
1432:
1431:
1430:
1412:
1409:Budden, Julian
1402:
1384:
1377:
1358:
1333:
1308:
1307:
1277:
1266:
1233:
1208:
1196:
1184:
1154:
1142:
1123:
1110:
1098:
1072:
1036:
1027:
1014:
1005:
996:
984:
970:
961:
952:
936:
911:
910:
903:
900:
897:
896:
887:
866:
864:Alastair Miles
859:Russell Thomas
849:Nicola Alaimo,
847:
843:
842:
837:
826:
817:Jacek Strauch,
815:
811:
810:
805:
794:
774:
770:
769:
764:
753:
736:
732:
731:
730:Cat: OPD 1258
722:Cat: MEL 27051
718:
705:
686:
682:
681:
678:
673:
662:
655:
652:
627:
624:
601:
598:
574:
571:
570:
569:
566:
561:
558:
555:
554:
548:
547:
544:
541:
537:
536:
533:
530:
523:
522:
519:
516:
509:
508:
505:
502:
498:
497:
494:
489:
482:
481:
478:
473:
463:
462:
459:
454:
444:
443:
440:
435:
433:their daughter
428:
427:
422:
417:
407:
406:
403:
398:
378:
375:
339:with London's
319:Philip Gossett
281:
278:
208:
205:
114:
113:
106:
96:
94:
90:
89:
82:
78:
77:
74:
70:
69:
64:
60:
59:
56:
48:
47:
37:
36:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2530:
2519:
2516:
2514:
2511:
2509:
2506:
2504:
2501:
2499:
2496:
2494:
2491:
2489:
2486:
2484:
2481:
2479:
2476:
2474:
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2412:
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2400:
2396:
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2348:
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2340:
2337:
2336:
2332:
2329:
2328:
2324:
2321:
2320:
2316:
2313:
2312:
2308:
2305:
2304:
2300:
2299:
2296:
2292:
2284:
2279:
2277:
2272:
2270:
2265:
2264:
2261:
2249:
2241:
2240:
2237:
2231:
2228:
2226:
2223:
2221:
2218:
2217:
2215:
2211:
2204:
2201:
2200:
2198:
2194:
2187:
2186:
2185:Dom SĂ©bastien
2182:
2179:
2178:
2174:
2171:
2170:
2166:
2163:
2162:
2158:
2155:
2154:
2150:
2147:
2146:
2145:Maria Padilla
2142:
2139:
2138:
2134:
2131:
2130:
2126:
2123:
2122:
2118:
2115:
2114:
2110:
2107:
2106:
2102:
2099:
2098:
2094:
2091:
2090:
2086:
2083:
2082:
2081:Le duc d'Albe
2078:
2075:
2074:
2070:
2067:
2066:
2062:
2059:
2058:
2054:
2051:
2050:
2046:
2043:
2042:
2038:
2035:
2034:
2030:
2027:
2026:
2022:
2019:
2018:
2014:
2011:
2010:
2009:Il campanello
2006:
2003:
2002:
1998:
1995:
1990:
1989:
1985:
1982:
1981:
1977:
1974:
1973:
1969:
1966:
1965:
1961:
1958:
1957:
1956:Maria Stuarda
1953:
1950:
1949:
1945:
1942:
1941:
1937:
1934:
1933:
1929:
1926:
1925:
1921:
1918:
1917:
1913:
1910:
1909:
1905:
1902:
1901:
1897:
1894:
1893:
1889:
1886:
1885:
1881:
1878:
1877:
1873:
1870:
1869:
1865:
1862:
1861:
1857:
1854:
1853:
1849:
1846:
1845:
1841:
1838:
1837:
1833:
1830:
1829:
1825:
1822:
1821:
1817:
1814:
1813:
1809:
1806:
1805:
1801:
1798:
1797:
1793:
1790:
1789:
1785:
1782:
1781:
1777:
1774:
1773:
1769:
1766:
1765:
1761:
1758:
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1749:
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1734:
1733:
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1721:
1718:
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1710:
1709:
1705:
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1701:
1697:
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1629:
1625:
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1617:
1614:
1613:
1609:
1606:
1605:
1601:
1598:
1595:
1592:
1591:
1587:
1584:
1583:
1579:
1576:
1573:
1570:
1567:
1564:
1563:
1562:Il Pigmalione
1559:
1558:
1556:
1552:
1548:
1543:
1539:
1532:
1527:
1525:
1520:
1518:
1513:
1512:
1509:
1502:
1499:
1496:
1494:
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1487:
1482:
1478:
1477:
1473:
1468:
1467:
1460:
1455:
1452:
1449:
1445:
1442:
1438:
1437:
1433:
1428:
1424:
1420:
1416:
1413:
1410:
1406:
1403:
1400:
1399:0-931340-71-3
1396:
1392:
1388:
1385:
1382:
1378:
1375:
1374:0-14-029312-4
1371:
1367:
1366:Amanda Holden
1363:
1359:
1356:
1352:
1348:
1347:Stanley Sadie
1344:
1343:
1338:
1334:
1332:
1331:0-521-23526-X
1328:
1324:
1320:
1317:
1316:
1315:
1314:
1313:Cited sources
1295:
1291:
1289:
1281:
1278:
1275:
1270:
1267:
1254:
1253:
1248:
1246:
1237:
1234:
1230:
1229:
1224:
1222:
1215:
1213:
1209:
1205:
1200:
1197:
1193:
1188:
1185:
1173:
1169:
1167:
1158:
1155:
1151:
1146:
1143:
1139:
1135:
1132:
1127:
1124:
1120:
1114:
1111:
1107:
1102:
1099:
1095:
1094:
1089:
1087:
1081:
1080:Robert Baxter
1076:
1073:
1060:
1059:
1054:
1052:
1043:
1041:
1037:
1031:
1028:
1024:
1021:Donizetti to
1018:
1015:
1009:
1006:
1000:
997:
991:
989:
985:
979:
977:
975:
971:
965:
962:
956:
953:
947:
945:
943:
941:
937:
933:
928:
927:
922:
916:
913:
909:
908:
901:
892:
888:
885:
880:
876:
871:
867:
865:
860:
853:
848:
845:
844:
838:
835:
827:
823:Sergei Homov,
819:Ines Salazar,
816:
813:
812:
806:
803:
798:
795:
788:
783:
782:Mara Zampieri
778:
777:Renato Bruson
775:
772:
771:
765:
760:
754:
748:Mirna Pecile,
745:
740:
739:Renato Bruson
737:
734:
733:
719:
714:
709:
706:
704:
698:Mirna Pecile,
695:
690:
687:
684:
683:
679:
674:
663:
660:
659:
653:
651:
647:
646:
642:
638:
637:
633:
632:
625:
623:
621:
617:
612:
611:
607:
606:
599:
597:
595:
591:
585:
584:
580:
579:
572:
567:
564:
563:
559:
553:
549:
545:
542:
539:
538:
534:
531:
529:
525:
524:
520:
517:
515:
511:
510:
506:
503:
500:
499:
495:
493:
490:
488:
484:
483:
479:
477:
474:
472:
468:
465:
464:
460:
458:
455:
453:
449:
446:
445:
441:
439:
438:mezzo-soprano
436:
434:
430:
429:
426:
423:
421:
418:
416:
412:
409:
408:
404:
402:
399:
396:
395:
383:
376:
374:
372:
368:
364:
360:
356:
352:
350:
346:
342:
338:
333:
331:
327:
322:
320:
314:
312:
308:
303:
302:
298:
296:
291:
287:
286:
279:
276:
273:
267:
264:
262:
256:
254:
250:
249:
244:
238:
236:
232:
226:
224:
220:
219:
218:Maria Stuarda
214:
206:
204:
202:
198:
194:
193:
188:
184:
179:
177:
173:
169:
164:
162:
158:
154:
150:
146:
142:
138:
134:
130:
126:
122:
121:
109:
95:
91:
86:
83:
79:
75:
71:
68:
65:
61:
54:
49:
46:
42:
38:
33:
28:
24:
19:
2423:Il trovatore
2421:
2413:
2407:Luisa Miller
2405:
2397:
2389:
2381:
2373:
2365:
2357:
2349:
2341:
2333:
2325:
2317:
2310:
2309:
2301:
2183:
2175:
2169:Don Pasquale
2167:
2159:
2151:
2143:
2135:
2127:
2119:
2111:
2103:
2095:
2087:
2079:
2071:
2063:
2055:
2047:
2039:
2031:
2023:
2015:
2007:
2000:
1999:
1986:
1978:
1970:
1964:Buondelmonte
1962:
1954:
1946:
1938:
1930:
1922:
1914:
1906:
1898:
1890:
1882:
1874:
1866:
1858:
1850:
1842:
1834:
1826:
1818:
1810:
1802:
1794:
1786:
1778:
1770:
1762:
1754:
1746:
1738:
1730:
1722:
1714:
1706:
1698:
1692:Don Gregorio
1690:
1682:
1674:
1666:
1658:
1650:
1642:
1634:
1626:
1618:
1610:
1602:
1596:
1588:
1580:
1574:
1568:
1560:
1492:
1465:
1447:
1440:
1418:
1390:
1380:
1364:, edited by
1361:
1345:, edited by
1340:
1336:
1322:
1312:
1311:
1298:. Retrieved
1294:the original
1287:
1280:
1269:
1257:. Retrieved
1252:The Guardian
1250:
1244:
1236:
1226:
1220:
1199:
1187:
1175:. Retrieved
1165:
1157:
1145:
1126:
1113:
1101:
1091:
1085:
1075:
1063:. Retrieved
1058:The Guardian
1056:
1050:
1030:
1017:
1008:
999:
964:
955:
931:
924:
915:
906:
905:
895:Cat: ORC 49
802:Teatro ColĂłn
768:Cat: CD 586
744:Leyla Gencer
724:Mondo Musica
720:CD: Melodram
694:Leyla Gencer
672:Giustiniano
648:
644:
643:
639:
635:
634:
630:
629:
619:
615:
613:
609:
608:
604:
603:
593:
586:
582:
581:
577:
576:
551:
527:
513:
486:
470:
451:
432:
414:
354:
353:
334:
323:
315:
311:Leyla Gencer
304:
300:
299:
292:
288:
285:19th century
284:
283:
271:
269:
265:
260:
257:
252:
246:
242:
239:
230:
227:
222:
216:
212:
210:
200:
196:
190:
186:
182:
180:
165:
152:
128:
124:
119:
118:
117:
84:
18:
2468:1836 operas
2121:La favorite
2105:Les martyrs
1828:Anna Bolena
1457: [
1454:Melitz, Leo
1065:1 September
879:BBC Singers
728:Opera d'Oro
467:Giustiniano
2462:Categories
2367:La vestale
1628:La zingara
1590:Una follia
1288:Bellisario
1259:31 October
902:References
891:Opera Rara
870:Mark Elder
834:Graz Opera
828:Dan Ratiu,
761:di Bergamo
675:Conductor,
654:Recordings
512:Eutropio,
401:Voice type
371:Opera Rara
157:Belisarius
153:Belisarius
125:Belisarius
101:1836-03-18
85:Belisarius
63:Librettist
2311:Belisario
2001:Belisario
1839:(1828-31)
1569:Olimpiade
1493:Belisario
1381:Belisario
1337:Belisario
1247:– review"
1245:Belisario
1221:Belisario
1177:16 August
1166:Belisario
1086:Belisario
1053:– Review"
1051:Belisario
926:BĂ©lisaire
809:Cat: 385
666:Antonina,
590:Justinian
526:Eusebio,
485:Alamiro,
448:Belisario
355:Belisario
253:Belisario
243:Belisario
231:Belisario
223:Belisario
197:Belisario
187:Belisario
120:Belisario
35:Belisario
2415:Virginia
2248:Category
1916:Parisina
1780:Il paria
1501:Libretto
1463:(1921).
1417:(1963).
1389:(1994).
1321:(1982),
1255:. London
1134:Archived
1061:. London
877:and the
766:CD: Hunt
670:Alamiro,
560:Synopsis
540:Ottario
504:soprano
457:baritone
411:Antonina
330:Istanbul
145:libretto
131:(tragic
110:, Venice
93:Premiere
81:Based on
73:Language
2351:Poliuto
2213:Related
2203:Requiem
2057:Poliuto
1991:(1835)
1088:Review"
932:Belisar
807:CD: HRE
501:Eudora
431:Irene,
420:soprano
295:Koblenz
272:Macbeth
170:at the
127:) is a
99: (
76:Italian
2478:Operas
2438:Portal
2426:(1853)
2418:(1850)
2410:(1849)
2402:(1849)
2394:(1846)
2386:(1845)
2383:Alzira
2378:(1843)
2370:(1840)
2362:(1840)
2354:(1838)
2346:(1838)
2338:(1837)
2330:(1837)
2322:(1836)
2314:(1836)
2306:(1835)
2205:(1835)
2188:(1843)
2180:(1843)
2172:(1843)
2164:(1844)
2156:(1842)
2148:(1841)
2140:(1841)
2132:(1841)
2129:Adelia
2124:(1840)
2116:(1840)
2108:(1840)
2100:(1840)
2092:(1839)
2084:(1839)
2076:(1839)
2068:(1838)
2060:(1838)
2052:(1838)
2044:(1837)
2036:(1837)
2028:(1836)
2020:(1836)
2012:(1836)
2004:(1836)
1983:(1835)
1975:(1834)
1967:(1834)
1959:(1834)
1951:(1834)
1943:(1834)
1935:(1833)
1927:(1833)
1919:(1833)
1911:(1833)
1903:(1833)
1895:(1832)
1887:(1832)
1879:(1832)
1871:(1832)
1868:Fausta
1863:(1831)
1855:(1831)
1847:(1831)
1831:(1830)
1823:(1830)
1815:(1830)
1807:(1830)
1799:(1829)
1791:(1829)
1783:(1829)
1775:(1828)
1767:(1828)
1759:(1828)
1751:(1828)
1743:(1827)
1735:(1827)
1727:(1827)
1719:(1827)
1711:(1826)
1703:(1826)
1700:Elvida
1695:(1826)
1687:(1826)
1679:(1824)
1671:(1824)
1663:(1823)
1655:(1823)
1647:(1822)
1639:(1822)
1631:(1822)
1623:(1822)
1615:(1820)
1607:(1819)
1599:(1819)
1593:(1818)
1585:(1818)
1577:(1817)
1571:(1817)
1565:(1816)
1554:Operas
1427:601625
1425:
1397:
1372:
1353:
1329:
1300:19 May
680:Label
668:Irene,
518:tenor
151:play,
2452:Opera
2359:Saffo
1461:]
907:Notes
846:2012
814:1997
773:1981
735:1970
685:1969
661:Year
626:Act 3
600:Act 2
573:Act 1
543:bass
532:bass
492:tenor
397:Role
377:Roles
261:bravi
201:Lucia
133:opera
41:Opera
2137:Rita
1423:OCLC
1395:ISBN
1370:ISBN
1351:ISBN
1327:ISBN
1302:2014
1261:2012
1179:2023
1067:2011
889:CD:
868:Sir
476:bass
168:1836
25:and
923:'s
752:??
328:in
241:of
43:by
2464::
1459:de
1407:;
1249:.
1211:^
1170:.
1090:,
1082:,
1055:.
1039:^
987:^
973:^
939:^
469:,
450:,
413:,
373:.
332:.
313:.
163:.
139:.
2440::
2282:e
2275:t
2268:v
1530:e
1523:t
1516:v
1429:.
1401:.
1376:.
1357:.
1304:.
1286:"
1263:.
1243:"
1219:"
1181:.
1168:"
1084:"
1069:.
1049:"
893:,
872:,
861:,
854:,
799:,
789:,
784:,
779:,
746:,
741:,
710:,
696:,
691:,
123:(
103:)
29:.
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