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Modern lists of birthstones have little to do with either the breastplate or the
Foundation Stones of Christianity. Tastes, customs, and confusing translations have distanced them from their historical origins, with one author calling the 1912 Kansas list (see below) "nothing but a piece of unfounded
179:
tourmaline for
October. They also replaced December's lapis with zircon and switched the primary/alternative gems for March. The American Gem Trade Association added tanzanite as a December birthstone in 2002. In 2016, the American Gem Trade Association and Jewelers of America added spinel as an
123:
were written so that "their name would be inscribed on the
Foundation Stones, and his virtue." Practice became to keep twelve stones and wear one a month. The custom of wearing a single birthstone is only a few centuries old, though modern authorities differ on dates. Kunz places the custom in
1066:
211:(nine gems). At birth, an astrological chart is calculated. Specific stones are recommended to be worn on the body to supposedly ward off potential problems based on the place of these forces in the sky at the exact place and time of birth.
180:
additional birthstone for August. Britain's
National Association of Goldsmiths created its own standardized list of birthstones in 1937. In 2021, Japanese industry associations added ten new types of birthstones.
898:
While the term "birthday stone" is sometimes used as a synonym for a birthstone, each day of the week is also assigned a unique gemstone, and these assignments are distinct from the monthly assignments.
1318:
1227:
175:) met in Kansas and officially adopted a list. The Jewelry Industry Council of America updated the list in 1952 by adding Alexandrite for June, citrine for November and
199:
determines the gemstones most closely associated with and beneficial to a particular individual. For example, in
Hinduism, there are nine gemstones related to the
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135:
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recognizes a similar range of gemstones associated with birth, though rather than associating a gem with a birth month, gemstones are associated with
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This article is about gemstones associated with a person's birth date. For the magic stone which is supposed to make birth easier, see
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regarding the breastplate have varied widely, with
Josephus himself giving two different lists for the twelve stones.
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In 1912, to standardize birthstones, the (American) National
Association of Jewelers (now called
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In the eighth and ninth centuries, religious treatises associating a particular stone with an
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205:(celestial forces including the planets, the Sun, and the Moon), known in Sanskrit as
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published these poems "of unknown author" for the first time in a pamphlet in 1870.
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with a birthstone. These are traditional stones of
English-speaking societies.
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Recreation of the high priest's breastplate in front of the central
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1575:
The
Healing Power of Gemstones: In Tantra, Ayurveda, and Astrology
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1469:
Gems and
Gemstones: Timeless Natural Beauty of the Mineral World
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88:), the twelve months of the year, and the twelve signs of the
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that represents a person's birth period, usually the month or
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believed there was a connection between the twelve stones in
108:, referencing Josephus, said the Foundation Stones of the
1591:. The National Association of Goldsmiths. Archived from
1191:, a more recent (2019) alternative birthstone for August
1655:, Oliver Cummings Farrington โ full text online version
84:(signifying the tribes of Israel, as described in the
92:. Translations and interpretations of the passage in
1389:
100:argues that Josephus saw the breastplate of the
116:21:19โ20) would be appropriate for Christians.
1435:(Revised ed.). Parachute: Jewelers Press.
59:. Birthstones are often worn as jewelry or a
27:Gemstones representing a person's birth month
8:
1512:The Oxford Companion to the Decorative Arts
1221:, the traditional birthstone for September
1467:Grande, Lance; Augustyn, Allison (2009).
1383:
1381:
1497:JA, AGTA Add Spinel as August Birthstone
901:
697:
218:
1426:
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1422:
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1349:
1176:, the traditional birthstone for August
1016:
1647:, G.F. Kunz โ full text online version
1363:
1361:
1359:
1357:
1355:
1353:
7:
1326:, one of three December birthstones
1644:The Curious Lore of Precious Stones
1446:Farrington, Oliver Cummins (1903).
1371:The curious lore of precious stones
1311:, one of three December birthstones
1296:, one of three December birthstones
155:Some poems match each month of the
132:starts it in Germany in the 1560s.
104:, not the one described in Exodus.
1161:, the modern birthstone for August
25:
1281:, one of two November birthstones
1266:, one of two November birthstones
1071:Diamond, the birthstone for April
894:Birthday (day of the week) stones
1619:Gemological Institute of America
1577:. Destiny Books. pp. 15โ34.
1547:่ช็็ณใๆฐใใซ10็จฎ้กๅขใใพใ 63ๅนดใถใใซๆนๅฎ ๅ ใใฃใใฎใฏ๏ผ
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1251:, one of two October birthstones
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1236:, one of two October birthstones
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130:Gemological Institute of America
1589:"Tips & Tools: Birthstones"
1131:, one of three June birthstones
1116:, one of three June birthstones
1101:, one of three June birthstones
43:Some common monthly birthstones
1206:, the birthstone for September
1:
1509:Osborne, Harold, ed. (1985).
1433:Gems in Myth, Legend and Lore
1044:, the birthstone for February
1615:"Birthstones For Each Month"
1495:National Jeweler Magazine, "
1029:, the birthstone for January
76:The first-century historian
1473:University of Chicago Press
1690:
1059:, the birthstone for March
837:22 November โ 21 December
807:23 September โ 22 October
29:
1146:, the birthstone for July
867:20 January โ 18 February
852:22 December โ 19 January
822:23 October โ 21 November
792:23 August โ 22 September
215:Birthstones by time frame
1546:
1431:Knuth, Bruce G. (2007).
1392:The Origin of the Zodiac
1388:Gleadow, Rupert (2001).
1368:Kunz, George F. (1913).
1086:, the birthstone for May
1573:Johari, Harish (1986).
1517:Oxford University Press
882:19 February โ 20 March
148:
67:History of birthstones
44:
1652:Gems and Gem Minerals
1449:Gems and Gem Minerals
138:
98:George Frederick Kunz
42:
1674:Gemstones in culture
1452:. Mumford. pp.
777:23 July โ 22 August
717:21 March โ 19 April
173:Jewelers of America
124:eighteenth-century
82:Aaron's breastplate
1398:Dover Publications
762:21 June โ 22 July
732:20 April โ 20 May
225:15thโ20th century
167:Modern birthstones
157:Gregorian calendar
149:
45:
1530:978-0-19-281863-8
1482:978-0-226-30511-0
1010:
1009:
891:
890:
747:21 May โ 20 June
686:
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184:Eastern tradition
161:Tiffany & Co.
16:(Redirected from
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1669:Birthday culture
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1475:. p. 335.
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1595:on 28 May 2007
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143:synagogue in
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1597:. Retrieved
1593:the original
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1556:. Retrieved
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1403:26 September
1401:. Retrieved
1391:
1370:
1338:Birth flower
1219:Lapis lazuli
897:
659:lapis lazuli
557:lapis lazuli
360:rock crystal
234:U.S. (2019)
228:U.S. (1912)
206:
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176:
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154:
150:
128:, while the
118:
75:
48:
46:
36:
1624:5 September
1558:24 February
1129:Alexandrite
833:Sagittarius
447:alexandrite
393:chrysoprase
57:zodiac sign
18:Birthstones
1663:Categories
1519:. p.
1344:References
1249:Tourmaline
1057:Aquamarine
955:Wednesday
811:Chrysolite
721:Bloodstone
646:Bloodstone
599:tourmaline
585:tourmaline
576:aquamarine
543:Chrysolite
539:September
332:bloodstone
328:Aquamarine
323:bloodstone
319:Aquamarine
314:aquamarine
310:Bloodstone
301:Bloodstone
231:UK (2013)
114:Revelation
106:St. Jerome
63:necklace.
49:birthstone
1309:Tanzanite
1294:Turquoise
1114:Moonstone
1001:Turquoise
997:Saturday
991:cat's eye
977:carnelian
969:Thursday
963:lodestone
908:Stone(s)
848:Capricorn
796:Carnelian
681:tanzanite
673:Turquoise
668:turquoise
664:Tanzanite
655:Turquoise
642:December
605:November
498:moonstone
494:carnelian
475:carnelian
457:Turquoise
443:moonstone
434:moonstone
425:moonstone
412:turquoise
408:Cat's eye
264:February
208:Navaratna
202:Navagraha
197:Astrology
145:Ramat Gan
141:Sephardic
1544:ๆฅๆฌๆพ้ๅไผ.
1332:See also
1204:Sapphire
1174:Sardonyx
1042:Amethyst
973:Sapphire
959:Amethyst
941:Tuesday
886:Amethyst
863:Aquarius
736:Sapphire
689:Zodiacal
568:October
562:Sapphire
553:Sapphire
548:Sapphire
533:sardonyx
520:sardonyx
507:Sardonyx
490:Sardonyx
346:sapphire
291:Amethyst
286:Amethyst
281:Amethyst
272:hyacinth
268:Amethyst
239:January
147:, Israel
78:Josephus
53:gemstone
1599:16 June
1264:Citrine
1159:Peridot
1084:Emerald
1013:Gallery
1005:diamond
987:Emerald
983:Friday
949:emerald
935:crystal
927:Monday
921:diamond
913:Sunday
818:Scorpio
766:Emerald
636:citrine
627:citrine
525:Peridot
516:Peridot
511:peridot
486:August
398:Emerald
389:Emerald
384:Emerald
375:Emerald
365:Diamond
356:Diamond
351:Diamond
342:Diamond
121:apostle
61:pendant
32:Aetites
1527:
1479:
1324:Zircon
1189:Spinel
1027:Garnet
878:Pisces
871:Garnet
758:Cancer
743:Gemini
728:Taurus
707:Stone
704:Dates
677:zircon
529:spinel
338:April
305:jasper
297:March
258:Garnet
253:Garnet
248:Garnet
243:Garnet
222:Month
126:Poland
94:Exodus
90:zodiac
1279:Topaz
1099:Pearl
931:Pearl
917:Topaz
841:Topaz
826:Beryl
803:Libra
788:Virgo
751:Agate
713:Aries
701:Sign
632:Topaz
623:Topaz
618:Topaz
613:pearl
609:Topaz
502:topaz
453:July
439:Pearl
430:Pearl
421:Pearl
416:agate
404:June
379:agate
276:pearl
51:is a
1626:2023
1601:2014
1560:2023
1525:ISBN
1477:ISBN
1456:โ64.
1405:2023
1234:Opal
1144:Ruby
945:Ruby
856:Ruby
781:Onyx
650:ruby
595:Opal
590:Opal
581:Opal
572:Opal
480:Ruby
471:Ruby
466:Ruby
461:onyx
371:May
177:pink
1552:NHK
1521:513
773:Leo
1665::
1617:.
1550:.
1523:.
1515:.
1471:.
1454:63
1413:^
1396:.
1380:^
1352:^
1003:,
989:,
975:,
961:,
947:,
933:,
919:,
679:,
675:,
666:,
657:,
648:,
634:,
625:,
611:,
597:,
583:,
574:,
555:,
531:,
527:,
518:,
509:,
500:,
496:,
492:,
473:,
459:,
445:,
441:,
432:,
423:,
414:,
410:,
391:,
377:,
358:,
344:,
330:,
321:,
312:,
303:,
274:,
270:,
195:.
47:A
1628:.
1603:.
1562:.
1533:.
1499:"
1485:.
1407:.
112:(
34:.
20:)
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