629:, although variable within the family, has some common characteristics that can be summarized basically in the particular morphology of the branches of the radial sector and the reduction of the forking of the media. The costa is spread over the entire margin and the subcosta is long, often ending on the distal half of the costal margin. The radius is almost always divided into four branches, with fusion of the branches R 2 and R 3, and is characterized by the sinuosity of the end portions of the branches of the radial sector. The venation presents a marked simplification compared to other Asiloidea and, in general, to other lower Brachycera. M 1 is always present and converges on the margin or, sometimes, of R 5. M 2 is present and reaches the margin, or is absent. M 3 is always absent and merged with M 4. The discal cell is usually present. The branch M 3 +4 is separated from the discal cell at the distal posterior vertex, so the mid-cubital connects directly to the posterior margin of the discal cell. The cubital and anal veins are complete and end separately on the margin or converge joining for a short distance Consequently, the cell cup may be open or closed.
753:, to courtship behavior involving a context-specific flight pattern and wingbeat pitch of the male, with or without repeated proboscis contact between male and female. Males often seek out smaller or larger clearings on the ground, presumably in vicinity of flowering plants or host nesting habitats that are likely attractive to females. They can return to their chosen perch or patch after every feeding bout or after pursuit of other insects flying over, or they can instead survey their chosen territory while hovering one or more meters above the bare patch.
4224:
757:
biochemical clues about the burrow's constructor such as identity, recency of visiting etc. If a burrow passes scrutiny then the bee fly may proceed to land and insert its posterior abdomen into the soil, laying one or more eggs at the edge or in close vicinity to it. In nine subfamilies including the more frequently observable
Bombyliinae and Anthracinae, the females often do not land at all during host burrow inspections, and will proceed to release their eggs from midair by quick flicks of the abdomen while hovering over the burrow's entrance.
1400:
742:
recognizable by their stocky shapes, by their hovering behavior, and for the particular length of their mouthparts and/or legs as they lean forward into flowers. Unlike hoverflies, which settle on the flower as do bees and other pollinating insects, those bee fly species which have a long proboscis generally feed while continuing to hover in the air, rather like
Sphingidae, or while touching the flower with their front legs to stabilize their position - without fully landing or ceasing oscillation of the wings.
1016:
113:
565:
4200:
1411:
959:
636:
666:
651:
1003:
4236:
135:
614:
467:
798:
4268:
4285:
4256:
718:
490:
816:, with parasitoid or hyperparasitoid larvae. Exceptions are the larvae of Heterotropinae, whose biology is similar to that of other Asiloidea, with predatory larvae that do not undergo hypermetamorphosis. Hosts of bee flies belong to different orders of insects, but mostly are among the holometabolous orders. Among these are Hymenoptera, in particular the superfamilies of
1036:(1974) dealt with the family in a separate superfamily (Bombyliidea), linking it to the superfamily of Asilidea. Currently the close correlation either positions the bee-flies within the superfamily Asiloidea sensu Rohdendorf (Asilidea) or they are included with the families separated by Rohdendorf in the superfamily of Asiloidea.
734:) They significantly contribute to cross pollination of plants, becoming the main pollinators of some plant species of desert environments. Unlike the majority of glyciphagous dipterans, the bee flies feed on pollen (from which they meet their protein requirements). A similar trophic behavior occurs among the
746:
to watch feeding individuals and see whether or not they move down to ground level after a few minutes. Close observation is often easier with feeding individuals than with flies on the ground, as the latter are especially quick to take flight at the first sight of moving silhouettes or approaching shadows.
756:
Gravid females seek out nesting habitats of hosts, and can spend many minutes inspecting for example entrances of smaller burrows in soil. In some species this behavior consists of hovering and repeated split-second foreleg touches of soil near the edge of the burrow's entrance, presumably to detect
745:
Species with shorter proboscis do land and walk on flower heads, however, and can be much harder to distinguish from hoverflies in the field. As noted, many bee fly species spend regular time intervals at rest on or near the ground, while hoverflies hardly ever do so. It can therefore be informative
741:
As with hoverflies, bee flies are capable of sudden acceleration or deceleration, all but momentum-free high-speed changes of direction, superb control of position while hovering in mid-air, as well as a characteristically cautious approach of a possible feeding or landing site. Bombyliids are often
609:
The abdomen is generally short and wide, subglobose-shaped, cylindrical, or conical, composed of six to eight apparent urites. The remaining urites are part of the structure of the external genitalia. The abdomen of the females often ends with spinous processes, used in ovideposition. In
Anthracinae
1200:
have a greater morphological homogeneity, but the monophyly of the family still remains dubious. Phylogenetic analysis of CAD and 28S rDNA gene sequences supports monophyly of only eight subfamilies out of fifteen included in the study, with the
Bombyliinae resolving as a highly polyphyletic group.
560:
of
Hymenoptera Apoidea. In other species patches of flattened hairs occur that can act as silvery, gilded or coppertone reflecting mirrors; these perhaps serve as visual signals in conspecific mate/rival recognition, or perhaps imitate reflecting surface particles on bare soils with high content of
708:
The larvae of most bee flies are of two types. Those of the first type are elongated and cylindrical in shape and have a metapneustic or amphipneustic tracheal system, provided with a pair of abdominal spiracles and, possibly, a thoracic pair. Those of the second type are stubby and eucephalic and
454:
The
Bombyliidae include at least 4,500 described species, and certainly thousands more remain to be described. However, most species do not often appear in abundance, and compared to other major groups of pollinators they are much less likely to visit flowering plants in urban parks or suburban
555:
Although the morphology of beeflies varies in detail, adults of most bee flies are characterized by some morphological details that make recognition easy. The dimensions of the body vary, depending on the species, from 1.0 mm to 2.5 cm. The form is often compact and the integument is
772:
on the posterior end of the abdomen, which is filled with sand grains gathered before egg laying. These sand grains are used to coat each egg just before their aerial release, which is assumed to improve the female's aim as well as the egg's survival chances by adding weight, slowing down egg
394:, but the life cycles of most species are known poorly, or not at all. They range in size from very small (2 mm in length) to very large for flies (wingspan of some 40 mm). When at rest, many species hold their wings at a characteristic "swept back" angle. Adults generally feed on
1204:
Overall, the family includes about 4700 described species, distributed among 270 genera. The internal arrangement varies according to the source, according to the different frameworks the authors attribute to tribes and subfamilies. To divide the family, often this scheme is used:
680:
often mimic
Hymenoptera as well, and some syrphid species are hard to tell apart from Bombyliidae at first glance, especially for bee fly species that lack a long proboscis or long, thin legs. Such bombyliids can still be distinguished in the field by anatomical features such as:
777:
4576:
Willi Hennig, 1973. Diptera (Zweiflüger). In J.G. Helmcke, D. Starck, H. Vermuth
Hanbuch der Zoologie, Eine Naturgeschichte der Stämme des Tierreiches. IV. Band: Arthropoda - 2- Hälfte: Insecta. 2. Teil: Spezielles. Berlin, De Gruyter, 1973. pp. 1-337.
913:
while the other stages have a parasitic habitus. The eggs are laid usually in a future host or at the nest where the host develops. The planidium enters the nest and undergoes changes before starting to feed.
1032:(1973) placed the bee flies in the superfamily of Nemestrinoidea, on the basis of analogies in the behaviour of the larvae, positioning the superfamily in Tabanomorpha inside the infraorder Homoeodactyla
587:(antenna of four to six segments). The mouthparts are modified for sucking and adapted for feeding on flowers. The length varies considerably: for example, the Anthracinae have short mouthparts, with the
784:
782:
779:
778:
556:
usually covered with dense and abundant hair. The coloration is usually inconspicuous and colours such as brown, blackish- grey, and light colors like white or yellow predominate. Many species are
783:
594:
The legs are long and thin and the front legs are sometimes smaller and more slender than the middle and rear legs. Typically, they are provided with bristles at the apex of the tibiae, without
730:
Adults favour sunny conditions and dry, often sandy or rocky areas. They have powerful wings and are found typically in flight over flowers or resting on the bare ground exposed to the sun (
459:
relative to its species richness. The family has a patchy fossil record, with species being known from a handful of localities, the oldest known species are known from the Middle
Cretaceous
781:
475:, a Bombyliidae in India: Note the bright bands of coloured hair, the long and thin legs and upright posture, the "delta wings", the proboscis, and the forward-pointing antennae.
4794:
Volume 2 (L. Papp & B. Darvas, eds.): 487-512. Science Herald, Budapest.) provide a key to the
Palaearctic genera and (may) give references to available generic revisions.
7185:
4437:
Ye, Xiuna; Yao, Gang; Shih, Chungkun; Ren, Dong; Wang, Yongjie (August 2019). "New bee flies from the mid-Cretaceous Myanmar amber (Brachycera: Asiloidea: Bombyliidae)".
591:
terminating in a large fleshy labellum, in Bombyliinae; in Phthiriinae, the tube is considerably longer, and in Bombyliinae more than four times the length of the head.
412:
species with very long, narrow floral tubes. Unlike butterflies, bee flies hold their proboscis straight, and cannot retract it. Many Bombyliidae superficially resemble
4199:
7190:
4479:
4390:"Eocene Records of Bee Flies (Insecta, Diptera, Bombyliidae, Comptosia): Their Palaeobiogeographic Implications and Remarks on the Evolutionary History of Bombyliids"
7072:
4713:
749:
Mating behavior has only been observed in a handful of species. It can vary from fairly generic swarming or unsolicited mid-air interception, as is common in many
583:
composed of three to six segments, with the third segment larger than the others; the stylus is absent (antenna of three segments) or is composed of one to three
4552:
zoolstud.sinica.edu.tw/Journals/48.2/141.pdf Boesi, R., Polidori, C. and Andrietti, F. 2009. Searching for the Right Target: Oviposition and Feeding Behavior in
7111:
812:
Despite the high number of species of this family, the biology of juveniles of most species is poorly understood. The postembryonic development is of the type
685:
They usually have an evenly curved or sloping face (hoverflies often have prominent bulges of the facial cuticle and/or beak- to knob-like facial projections).
1024:
in a grassy border in San Luis province, Argentina, illustrating less common features for Bombyliidae such as a slender abdomen and white patches on the wings
694:
are often clear or have smooth gradients of tinting, and their veins merge posteriorly into a "false edge" rather than reaching the wing's true rear edge).
4875:
966:
in Cuyama Valley, California, showing the proportionally shorter wings and relatively larger head occurring in many of the smaller species in the family
571:
in Great Sand Dunes National Park, Colorado, US - note the silvery mirror stripes formed by patches of specialized hairs modified into reflecting scales
4223:
7046:
4820:.Washington (Smithsonian Institution Press) 687 pp. Keys subfamilies, genera (many generic placements superseded by Evenhuis & Greathead, 1999).
7085:
4783:, ed.): 1-619, pl. 1-15. E. Schweizerbart, Stuttgart.). Old and outdated, not easy to get and expensive but some of the only keys to taxa in the
4235:
1156:
The internal systematic of bee-flies is uncertain. In the past, 31 subfamilies were well defined, but the family is thought to be polyphyletic (
4594:
Boris B. Rohdendorf, Brian Hocking, Harold Oldroyd, George E. Ball. The Historical Development of Diptera. University of Alberta, 1974: 75-77.
773:
dehydration, masking biochemical cues that could trigger host behavior such as nest cleaning or abandonment - or a combination of all three.
780:
699:
The abdomen and thorax hardly ever have large glossy areas formed by exposed cuticle (hoverflies often have glossy cuticular body surfaces).
950:), but has the greatest biodiversity in tropical and subtropical arid climates. In Europe, 335 species are distributed among 53 genera.
3967:
3878:
2266:
2017:
1651:
1560:
4663:
4372:
4367:
Hull, Frank Montgomery, Bee flies of the world: the genera of the family Bombyliidae Washington, Smithsonian Institution Press 1973
4349:
606:
are well developed and in the rest position the wings are kept open and horizontal in a V shape revealing the sides of the abdomen.
537:
4810:
Evenhuis, N.L. & Greathead, D.J. 1999. World catalog of bee flies (Diptera: Bombyliidae). Backhuys Publishers, Leiden, 756 pp.
4480:
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/288683339_The_courtship_behavior_of_the_bee_fly_Meomyia_vetusta_Walker_Diptera_Bombyliidae
635:
1790:
971:
665:
650:
610:
and Bombyliinae, a diverticulum is present in the eighth urite, in which the eggs are mixed with sand before being deposited.
447:/solitary bees. Although insect parasitoids usually are fairly host-specific, often highly host-specific, some Bombyliidae are
986:
4868:
4599:
4582:
515:
7090:
4638:
Yeates D.M. (1992). "Towards a monophyletic Bombyliidae (Diptera): the removal of the Proratinae (Diptera: Scenopinidae)".
7098:
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1922:
439:
of other insects. The adult females usually deposit eggs in the vicinity of possible hosts, quite often in the burrows of
4500:
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3803:
3695:
3491:
3419:
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2397:
2328:
2122:
2086:
1958:
1873:
1599:
1478:
1465:
1452:
690:
The wings lack a "false rear edge" and often have large dark areas with sharp boundaries, or complex patterns of spots (
595:
511:
6955:
6932:
500:
134:
621:
patrolling a patch of vegetation near the visitor center of Quebrada de las Higueritas in Lujan, San Luis, Argentina
7025:
4152:
3517:
7116:
4845:(Bee Flies) by David K. Yeates and Christine L. Lambkin in the Tree of Life web project. Consulted March 28, 2007.
519:
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7038:
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1935:
1690:
1612:
1586:
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3037:
1399:
1160:). In the 1980s and '90s, the family has undergone several revisions: Webb (1981) finally moved the genus
1020:
1015:
6872:
6036:
112:
4624:
Zaitzev, V.F., 1991 On the phylogeny and systematics of the dipteran superfamily Bombylioidea (Diptera).
4522:"The evolutionary pattern of host use in the Bombyliidae (Diptera): a diverse family of parasitoid flies"
7147:
4707:
3990:
3445:
3060:
2813:
2777:
2515:
2217:
2004:
1886:
626:
564:
4566:
The evolutionary pattern of host use in the Bombyliidae (Diptera): a diverse family of parasitoid flies
1406:
nectaring on California Buckwheat near the visitor center of Devil's Punchbowl, Pearblossom, California
888:
6960:
1708:
1304:
1257:
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6994:
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3525:
3206:
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2929:
2860:
2834:
2706:
2523:
2428:
2369:
1943:
1904:
1509:
1447:
1424:
1358:
764:, it can be seen in Roy Kleuker's online video clip in YouTube. Female flies with this remarkable
6529:
5097:
4496:
4462:
4419:
4127:
4087:
4077:
4057:
3942:
3821:
3798:
3703:
3657:
3535:
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3427:
3315:
3279:
3236:
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3032:
2992:
2883:
2736:
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2415:
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2212:
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2130:
2058:
2025:
1986:
1894:
1858:
1818:
1808:
1768:
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931:
878:
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471:
315:
129:
7152:
3998:
3739:
3690:
3604:
3548:
3486:
3358:
3246:
3196:
3134:
2959:
2916:
2686:
2663:
2549:
2336:
2238:
2225:
2117:
1868:
1838:
1828:
1758:
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1262:
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4137:
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3713:
3591:
3170:
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2405:
2156:
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2012:
1976:
1917:
1748:
1646:
1542:
1519:
1375:
1353:
1299:
7134:
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5382:
4790:
Greathead & Evenhuis (Greathead, D.J., & N.L. Evenhuis, 1997. Family Bombyliidae. In:
4695:
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4578:
4368:
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1966:
1848:
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935:
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4147:
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2346:
2284:
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6524:
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4409:
2982:
2808:
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613:
580:
557:
421:
383:
339:
266:
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466:
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6369:
6234:
6133:
6082:
5919:
5600:
5465:
5291:
5283:
5105:
5064:
4798:
Evenhuis N.L. (1991). "Catalog of genus-group names of bee flies (Diptera: Bombyliidae)".
3305:
3093:
2839:
2642:
2603:
2497:
1773:
1165:
836:
121:
2107:
1176:, Yeates (1992, 1994) shifted the entire subfamily of Proratinae, with the exception of
4450:
4405:
4376:
7033:
7020:
6655:
6581:
6495:
6432:
6348:
6283:
6265:
6250:
6156:
6151:
6000:
5778:
5699:
5655:
5616:
5390:
5309:
5250:
5245:
5113:
5011:
4690:
4538:
4521:
4246:
3731:
3672:
3512:
3055:
3022:
2888:
2567:
2476:
2302:
2094:
1991:
1672:
1638:
1387:
1311:
1289:
1173:
1028:
The systematics of bee flies are the most uncertain of any family of lower Brachycera.
943:
927:
805:
797:
722:
306:
271:
261:
4848:
4837:
7169:
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6605:
6597:
6550:
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6332:
6288:
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6185:
6107:
6097:
6041:
6013:
5903:
5762:
5715:
5684:
5436:
5428:
5339:
5219:
5211:
5139:
5121:
5040:
4780:
4466:
4423:
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3909:
3886:
3647:
3499:
2471:
2176:
1786:
1607:
1316:
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906:
883:
868:
862:
826:
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460:
276:
70:
6924:
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6827:
6819:
6810:
6752:
6713:
6696:
6571:
6471:
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6316:
6293:
6224:
6169:
6146:
6102:
6092:
6087:
6077:
6056:
5971:
5932:
5895:
5865:
5823:
5802:
5770:
5671:
5621:
5419:
5318:
5229:
5177:
5169:
5072:
5048:
4986:
4928:
4664:"Overcoming the effects of rogue taxa: Evolutionary relationships of the bee flies"
4003:
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3865:
3777:
3772:
3540:
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3297:
3162:
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2749:
2629:
2624:
2611:
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2528:
2420:
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2230:
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2143:
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1930:
1909:
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1664:
1625:
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1348:
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853:
296:
281:
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5911:
5856:
5740:
5707:
5650:
5544:
5398:
5357:
5349:
5331:
5224:
5206:
5019:
4784:
4291:
4107:
4067:
4011:
3852:
3764:
3609:
3596:
3563:
3468:
3432:
3284:
3188:
3157:
3126:
2896:
2772:
2741:
2678:
2655:
2637:
2585:
2554:
2541:
2510:
2315:
2261:
2181:
1685:
1659:
1581:
1568:
1429:
1343:
1326:
1279:
1274:
1267:
1252:
1210:
1092:
765:
602:. The wings are transparent, often hyaline or evenly colored or with bands. The
489:
455:
gardens. As a result, this is arguably one of the most poorly known families of
408:
291:
286:
251:
246:
241:
231:
45:
6736:
6679:
6613:
6589:
6563:
6508:
6340:
6311:
6278:
6255:
6177:
6064:
6031:
6018:
5992:
5927:
5815:
5642:
5629:
5574:
5524:
5481:
5473:
5190:
5156:
5148:
4995:
4968:
4960:
4944:
4764:
Bowden, J.,1980 Family Bombyliidae. pp. 381–430. In R.W. Crosskey (ed.),
4506:
4312:
4274:
4210:
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3860:
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1999:
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90:
55:
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5689:
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5608:
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5449:
5258:
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4916:
4904:
4827:. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History ; no. 219, 191 pp.
4507:"Gewone wolzwever Bombylius major, eieren droppend in een kolonie zandbijen"
4482:
Ferguson, D.J. and Yeates, D.K. 2013. The courtship behavior of the bee fly
4242:
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1953:
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4853:
731:
6968:
6947:
6889:
6487:
6395:
6120:
6023:
5979:
5831:
5794:
5579:
5561:
5027:
4922:
4825:
The cladistics and classification of the Bombyliidae (Diptera: Asiloidea)
4315:
3440:
2821:
2379:
1108:
603:
599:
576:
425:
85:
80:
65:
60:
50:
17:
4753:
Diptera. vi In , Reise der osterreichischen Fregatte Novara. Zool. 2(1)B
760:
This remarkable behavior has earned such species the colloquial name of
416:
and accordingly the prevalent common name for a member of the family is
5753:
5003:
4811:
4728:
2949:
2199:
1728:
1370:
1235:
1088:
899:
894:
842:
821:
750:
301:
100:
75:
406:, often with spectacularly long proboscises adapted to plants such as
7064:
6973:
6537:
5595:
4910:
4898:
4662:
Trautwein, Michelle D.; Wiegmann, Brian M.; Yeates, David K. (2011).
4486:
Walker (Diptera: Bombyliidae). The Australian Entomologist 40, 89-92.
4297:
3834:
2785:
456:
440:
399:
395:
359:
355:
176:
156:
7051:
6866:
991:
824:, beetles, other flies, and moths. Larvae of some species including
7012:
4556:
Bee Flies (Diptera: Bombyliidae). Zoological Studies 48: 141-150.
4322:, is a Bug and Fairy type with a design heavily based on a beefly.
4214:
4117:
1409:
1398:
1014:
1001:
957:
796:
775:
716:
709:
have one pair of spiracles positioned in the abdomen.(ref needed)
612:
563:
436:
391:
1188:
into the family Hilarimorphidae. Nagatomi & Liu (1994) moved
4842:
4340:
Alan Weaving; Mike Picker; Griffiths, Charles Llewellyn (2003).
4034:
905:
The behavior of known forms is similar to that of the larvae of
444:
6870:
5521:
4941:
4857:
768:
strategy typically have a ventral storage structure known as a
4885:
483:
413:
387:
343:
186:
1417:
sunning in a dry wash in San Bernardino Mountains, California
6999:
4818:
Bee flies of the world. The genera of the family Bombyliidae
4611:
Webb D.W., 1981 Hilarimorphidae. in: McAlpine J.F. (Ed.),
860:
is a parasite of the wall bee. Several African species of
4377:
https://archive.org/details/beefliesofworl2861973hull
4768:, 1437 pp., London: British Museum (Natural History)
6879:
6818:
6809:
6787:
6778:
6735:
6704:
6695:
6654:
6645:
6580:
6507:
6462:
6453:
6425:
6360:
6302:
6207:
6168:
6132:
6055:
5991:
5957:
5894:
5873:
5864:
5855:
5814:
5761:
5752:
5739:
5698:
5641:
5552:
5543:
5448:
5427:
5418:
5381:
5348:
5317:
5308:
5282:
5189:
5168:
5147:
5138:
5096:
5039:
4994:
4985:
4959:
4766:
Catalogue of the Diptera of the Afrotropical Region
4729:"World catalog of bee flies (Diptera: Bombyliidae)"
738:, another important family of Diptera pollinators.
4755:. Wien: K. Gerold's Sohn. pp. 388pp., 4 pls.
4792:Contributions to a manual of Palaearctic Diptera
4652:Yeates & Lambkin, The Tree of Life, op. cit.
840:larvae are parasitic on solitary bees including
5797:(scuttle flies, coffin flies, humpbacked flies)
4388:Wedmann, Sonja; Yeates, David K. (2008-01-17).
1011:in Sheldon National Antelope Refuge, Nevada, US
5334:(minute black scavenger flies, or dung midges)
4746:
4744:
4869:
1172:and several other minor genera in the family
575:The head is round, with a convex face, often
8:
1042:Clade showing relationships within Asiloidea
424:, affording the adults some protection from
4712:: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of May 2024 (
518:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
7186:Insects used as insect pest control agents
6867:
6815:
6784:
6701:
6651:
6642:
6459:
5870:
5861:
5852:
5758:
5749:
5745:
5549:
5540:
5536:
5532:
5518:
5424:
5415:
5378:
5314:
5305:
5279:
5144:
5135:
5093:
4991:
4982:
4956:
4952:
4938:
4876:
4862:
4854:
4615:. Agriculture Canada, Ottawa, pp. 603-605.
4205:Two species of unidentified beeflies from
111:
31:
4689:
4679:
4537:
4526:Biological Journal of the Linnean Society
4413:
538:Learn how and when to remove this message
4727:Evenhuis, N.L.; Greathead, D.J. (2015).
4363:
4361:
465:
6519:(blow-flies: bluebottles, greenbottles)
4332:
4195:
1196:. After these revisions, the bee flies
631:
579:in males. The antennae are of the type
561:materials like quartz, mica or pyrite.
4705:
4342:Field Guide to Insects of South Africa
4800:Bishop Museum Bulletins in Entomology
4777:Die Fliegen der paläarktischen Region
7:
7191:Taxa named by Pierre André Latreille
7127:4fcbcd55-8408-4184-81ab-3c0d46a8ddbd
7039:78fea9a7-bebd-47a7-bb9e-0f4397fac738
516:adding citations to reliable sources
451:and will attack a variety of hosts.
1168:). Zaitzev (1991) moved the genus
1060:
1052:
1039:
431:The larval stages are predators or
5982:(cactus flies, banana stalk flies)
4539:10.1111/j.1095-8312.1997.tb01490.x
4229:A bombyliid fly visiting a flower.
25:
972:West Palaearctic including Russia
909:: the first instar larva of is a
350:. Some are colloquially known as
4415:10.1111/j.1475-4983.2007.00745.x
4283:
4266:
4254:
4234:
4222:
4198:
664:
649:
634:
488:
133:
4838:Image Gallery from Diptera.info
4344:. New Holland Publishers, Ltd.
882:is parasitic on the beneficial
463:, around 99 million years old.
420:. Possibly the resemblance is
1:
5666:(dagger flies, balloon flies)
4505:Roy Kleukers (22 June 2013).
4459:10.1016/j.cretres.2019.03.026
598:and, sometimes, also without
1192:into a family of their own (
671:Wing venation type 3 Usiinae
6858:List of families of Diptera
6490:(house flies, stable flies)
4261:Bee fly landing on a flower
1184:and subsequently the genus
354:. Adults generally feed on
7207:
5261:(dark-winged fungus gnats)
5253:(long-winged fungus gnats)
5240:(long-beaked fungus gnats)
4613:Manual of Nearctic Diptera
4102:Lambkin & Yeates, 2003
3904:Yeates & Lambkin, 1998
3261:Lambkin & Yeates, 2003
3007:Lambkin & Yeates, 2003
2987:Lambkin & Yeates, 2003
2721:Lambkin & Yeates, 2003
2691:Lambkin & Yeates, 2003
1733:Lambkin & Yeates, 2003
6855:
6641:
6335:(vinegar and fruit flies)
6245:(lekking, or druid flies)
5851:
5748:
5539:
5535:
5531:
5517:
5468:(long-bodied crane flies)
5414:
5377:
5304:
5278:
5134:
5092:
4981:
4955:
4951:
4937:
4893:
4640:American Museum Novitates
2668:Hall & Evenhuis, 1987
1130:
1105:
1085:
1065:
1058:
1050:
922:The family is worldwide (
793:sp. gathering sand grains
676:Hoverflies of the family
321:
314:
224:
219:
130:Scientific classification
128:
119:
110:
34:
5232:(predatory fungus gnats)
4771:Engel, E.O., 1932-1937.
4681:10.1371/currents.RRN1233
6123:(black scavenger flies)
5484:(hairy-eyed craneflies)
5401:(primitive crane flies)
5159:(march flies, lovebugs)
4823:Yeates, David K. 1994.
4684:(inactive 2024-05-21).
4520:Yeates David K (1997).
1164:into their own family (
872:are parasitic pupae of
402:, some being important
390:comprising hundreds of
362:, some being important
6765:(horse and deer flies)
6037:Strongylophthalmyiidae
5948:(picture-winged flies)
5476:(limoniid crane flies)
4751:Schiner, I.R. (1868).
1418:
1407:
1404:Poecilanthrax eremicus
1180:, into the family of
1048:Asiloidea
1025:
1012:
967:
809:
802:Lepidophora lepidocera
794:
727:
622:
572:
476:
7148:Paleobiology Database
6351:(frightful hairy fly)
6180:(beetle-backed flies)
5718:(tangle-veined flies)
5603:(hilarimorphid flies)
5564:(flower-loving flies)
5393:(phantom crane flies)
4375:. Downloadable from:
3353:Li & Yeates, 2018
1413:
1402:
1021:Macrocondyla chorista
1018:
1005:
977:Australasian/Oceanian
962:A 4mm long female of
961:
800:
787:
720:
656:Wing venation type 2
641:Wing venation type 1
616:
567:
469:
7034:Fauna Europaea (new)
6682:(wood soldier flies)
6532:(New Zealand batfly)
6482:(little house flies)
5974:(stilt-legged flies)
5885:(thick-headed flies)
5781:(spear-winged flies)
5710:(small-headed flies)
5439:(winter crane flies)
5014:(frog-biting midges)
4628:. 70 : 716–36.
4509:– via YouTube.
4320:Pokémon Sun and Moon
1008:Poecilanthrax apache
569:Exoprosopa caliptera
512:improve this section
366:. Larvae are mostly
346:, commonly known as
7181:Brachycera families
6747:(water snipe flies)
6268:(upside-down flies)
5805:(flat-footed flies)
5789:(flat-footed flies)
5658:(long-legged flies)
5492:(large crane flies)
5108:(net-winged midges)
5075:(non-biting midges)
4451:2019CrRes.100....5Y
4439:Cretaceous Research
4406:2008Palgy..51..231W
1044:
830:sp. feed on ova of
6416:(freeloader flies)
6219:(leaf miner flies)
6159:(small dung flies)
6003:(stalk-eyed flies)
5826:(big-headed flies)
5284:Perissommatomorpha
5114:Deuterophlebiidae
5098:Blephariceromorpha
4306:In Popular Culture
1419:
1408:
1040:
1026:
1013:
968:
940:Australasian realm
932:Afrotropical realm
810:
795:
728:
623:
573:
477:
472:Euchariomyia dives
370:of other insects.
7163:
7162:
7135:Open Tree of Life
6873:Taxon identifiers
6864:
6863:
6851:
6850:
6847:
6846:
6843:
6842:
6839:
6838:
6831:
6805:
6804:
6774:
6773:
6766:
6748:
6727:
6691:
6690:
6683:
6675:
6667:
6664:Pantophthalmidae
6637:
6636:
6633:
6632:
6629:
6628:
6625:
6624:
6617:
6609:
6601:
6593:
6567:
6559:
6541:
6533:
6520:
6499:
6491:
6483:
6475:
6449:
6448:
6441:
6417:
6404:
6391:
6383:
6370:Acartophthalmidae
6352:
6344:
6336:
6328:
6320:
6319:(quasimodo flies)
6269:
6246:
6238:
6220:
6189:
6181:
6160:
6124:
6116:
6068:
6027:
6004:
5983:
5975:
5949:
5941:
5923:
5915:
5907:
5886:
5847:
5846:
5843:
5842:
5835:
5827:
5806:
5798:
5790:
5782:
5774:
5735:
5734:
5731:
5730:
5727:
5726:
5719:
5711:
5680:
5667:
5659:
5633:
5625:
5612:
5604:
5591:
5583:
5565:
5513:
5512:
5509:
5508:
5505:
5504:
5501:
5500:
5493:
5485:
5477:
5469:
5459:
5440:
5410:
5409:
5402:
5394:
5383:Ptychopteromorpha
5373:
5372:
5369:
5368:
5361:
5335:
5300:
5299:
5274:
5273:
5270:
5269:
5262:
5254:
5241:
5238:Lygistorrhinidae
5233:
5215:
5200:
5181:
5160:
5130:
5129:
5117:
5116:(mountain midges)
5109:
5088:
5087:
5084:
5083:
5076:
5068:
5060:
5052:
5051:(solitary midges)
5031:
5023:
5015:
5007:
5006:(meniscus midges)
4977:
4976:
4816:Hull, F.M. 1973.
4186:
4176:
4166:
4156:
4143:
4133:
4123:
4113:
4103:
4093:
4083:
4073:
4063:
4053:
4043:
4030:
4020:
4007:
3994:
3981:
3971:
3958:
3948:
3938:
3928:
3918:
3905:
3895:
3882:
3869:
3856:
3843:
3830:
3817:
3807:
3794:
3781:
3768:
3755:
3745:
3735:
3722:
3709:
3699:
3686:
3676:
3663:
3653:
3643:
3633:
3623:
3613:
3600:
3587:
3577:
3567:
3554:
3544:
3531:
3521:
3508:
3495:
3482:
3472:
3459:
3449:
3436:
3423:
3410:
3397:
3387:
3377:
3367:
3354:
3344:
3334:
3321:
3311:
3301:
3288:
3275:
3262:
3252:
3242:
3232:
3222:
3212:
3202:
3192:
3179:
3166:
3153:
3140:
3130:
3117:
3107:
3097:
3084:
3074:
3064:
3051:
3041:
3028:
3018:
3008:
2998:
2988:
2978:
2968:
2955:
2945:
2935:
2925:
2912:
2902:
2892:
2879:
2869:
2856:
2843:
2830:
2817:
2804:
2794:
2781:
2768:
2758:
2745:
2732:
2722:
2712:
2702:
2692:
2682:
2669:
2659:
2646:
2633:
2620:
2607:
2594:
2581:
2571:
2558:
2545:
2532:
2519:
2506:
2493:
2480:
2467:
2454:
2444:
2434:
2424:
2411:
2401:
2388:
2375:
2365:
2355:
2342:
2332:
2319:
2306:
2293:
2280:
2270:
2257:
2244:
2234:
2221:
2208:
2195:
2185:
2172:
2162:
2152:
2139:
2126:
2113:
2103:
2090:
2077:
2064:
2054:
2044:
2031:
2021:
2008:
1995:
1982:
1972:
1962:
1949:
1939:
1926:
1913:
1900:
1890:
1877:
1864:
1854:
1844:
1834:
1824:
1814:
1804:
1794:
1777:
1764:
1754:
1744:
1734:
1724:
1714:
1704:
1694:
1681:
1668:
1655:
1642:
1629:
1616:
1603:
1590:
1577:
1564:
1551:
1538:
1528:
1515:
1505:
1492:
1482:
1469:
1456:
1443:
1433:
1153:
1152:
1144:
1143:
1119:
1118:
1056: N.N.
948:Indomalayan realm
936:Neotropical realm
898:are parasitic on
889:Banchus femoralis
852:is a parasite of
785:
619:Hyperalonia morio
548:
547:
540:
332:
331:
215:
41:Cenomanian–Recent
16:(Redirected from
7198:
7156:
7155:
7143:
7142:
7130:
7129:
7120:
7119:
7107:
7106:
7104:NBNSYS0000159519
7094:
7093:
7081:
7080:
7068:
7067:
7055:
7054:
7042:
7041:
7029:
7028:
7016:
7015:
7003:
7002:
6990:
6989:
6977:
6976:
6964:
6963:
6951:
6950:
6941:
6940:
6928:
6927:
6915:
6914:
6913:
6900:
6899:
6898:
6868:
6829:
6816:
6785:
6780:Vermileonomorpha
6764:
6758:Pelecorhynchidae
6746:
6725:
6702:
6681:
6673:
6665:
6652:
6647:Stratiomyomorpha
6643:
6615:
6607:
6599:
6591:
6565:
6557:
6539:
6531:
6530:Mystacinobiidae
6525:Mesembrinellidae
6518:
6497:
6489:
6481:
6473:
6460:
6439:
6415:
6402:
6389:
6381:
6350:
6342:
6334:
6326:
6318:
6267:
6244:
6236:
6235:Aulacigastridae
6218:
6187:
6179:
6158:
6122:
6114:
6066:
6042:Syringogastridae
6025:
6002:
5981:
5973:
5967:Cypselosomatidae
5947:
5939:
5921:
5920:Platystomatidae
5913:
5905:
5884:
5871:
5862:
5853:
5833:
5825:
5804:
5796:
5788:
5780:
5772:
5759:
5750:
5746:
5717:
5709:
5678:
5665:
5657:
5632:(stiletto flies)
5631:
5623:
5610:
5602:
5601:Hilarimorphidae
5589:
5581:
5570:Apsilocephalidae
5563:
5550:
5541:
5537:
5533:
5519:
5491:
5483:
5475:
5467:
5466:Cylindrotomidae
5458:
5457:
5453:
5438:
5425:
5416:
5400:
5392:
5379:
5359:
5333:
5327:Canthyloscelidae
5315:
5306:
5280:
5260:
5252:
5239:
5231:
5213:
5199:
5198:
5194:
5179:
5158:
5145:
5136:
5115:
5107:
5106:Blephariceridae
5094:
5074:
5066:
5065:Ceratopogonidae
5058:
5050:
5029:
5022:(phantom midges)
5021:
5013:
5005:
4992:
4983:
4957:
4953:
4939:
4878:
4871:
4864:
4855:
4807:
4757:
4756:
4748:
4739:
4738:
4736:
4735:
4724:
4718:
4717:
4711:
4703:
4693:
4683:
4659:
4653:
4650:
4644:
4643:
4635:
4629:
4622:
4616:
4609:
4603:
4592:
4586:
4574:
4568:
4563:
4557:
4550:
4544:
4543:
4541:
4517:
4511:
4510:
4493:
4487:
4477:
4471:
4470:
4434:
4428:
4427:
4417:
4385:
4379:
4365:
4356:
4355:
4337:
4318:, introduced in
4287:
4270:
4258:
4238:
4226:
4202:
4184:
4174:
4164:
4151:
4141:
4131:
4121:
4111:
4101:
4091:
4081:
4071:
4061:
4051:
4038:
4028:
4015:
4002:
3989:
3979:
3966:
3956:
3946:
3936:
3926:
3913:
3903:
3890:
3877:
3864:
3851:
3838:
3825:
3815:
3802:
3789:
3776:
3763:
3753:
3743:
3730:
3717:
3707:
3694:
3684:
3671:
3661:
3651:
3641:
3631:
3621:
3608:
3595:
3585:
3575:
3562:
3552:
3539:
3529:
3516:
3503:
3490:
3480:
3467:
3457:
3444:
3431:
3418:
3405:
3395:
3385:
3375:
3362:
3352:
3342:
3329:
3319:
3309:
3296:
3283:
3270:
3260:
3250:
3240:
3230:
3220:
3210:
3200:
3187:
3174:
3161:
3148:
3138:
3125:
3115:
3105:
3092:
3082:
3072:
3059:
3049:
3036:
3026:
3016:
3006:
2996:
2986:
2976:
2963:
2953:
2943:
2933:
2920:
2910:
2900:
2887:
2877:
2864:
2851:
2838:
2825:
2812:
2802:
2789:
2776:
2766:
2753:
2740:
2730:
2720:
2710:
2700:
2690:
2677:
2667:
2654:
2641:
2628:
2615:
2602:
2589:
2579:
2566:
2553:
2540:
2527:
2514:
2501:
2488:
2475:
2462:
2452:
2442:
2432:
2419:
2409:
2396:
2383:
2373:
2364:Greathead, 1996\
2363:
2350:
2340:
2327:
2314:
2301:
2288:
2278:
2265:
2252:
2242:
2229:
2216:
2203:
2193:
2180:
2170:
2160:
2147:
2134:
2121:
2111:
2098:
2085:
2072:
2062:
2052:
2039:
2029:
2016:
2003:
1990:
1980:
1970:
1957:
1947:
1934:
1921:
1908:
1898:
1885:
1872:
1862:
1852:
1842:
1832:
1822:
1812:
1802:
1785:
1772:
1762:
1752:
1742:
1732:
1722:
1712:
1709:Australiphthiria
1702:
1689:
1676:
1663:
1650:
1637:
1624:
1611:
1598:
1585:
1572:
1559:
1546:
1536:
1523:
1513:
1500:
1490:
1477:
1464:
1451:
1441:
1428:
1415:Pantarbes capito
1305:Peringueyimyiini
1258:Acrophthalmydini
1061:
1053:
1045:
1034:Boris Rohdendorf
924:Palearctic realm
892:. The larvae of
814:hypermetamorphic
786:
668:
653:
638:
543:
536:
532:
529:
523:
492:
484:
435:of the eggs and
422:Batesian mimicry
210:
138:
137:
115:
105:
42:
38:Temporal range:
32:
21:
7206:
7205:
7201:
7200:
7199:
7197:
7196:
7195:
7166:
7165:
7164:
7159:
7151:
7146:
7138:
7133:
7125:
7123:
7115:
7110:
7102:
7097:
7089:
7084:
7076:
7071:
7063:
7058:
7050:
7045:
7037:
7032:
7024:
7019:
7011:
7006:
6998:
6993:
6985:
6980:
6972:
6967:
6959:
6954:
6946:
6944:
6936:
6931:
6923:
6918:
6909:
6908:
6903:
6894:
6893:
6888:
6875:
6865:
6860:
6835:
6811:Xylophagomorpha
6801:
6770:
6731:
6687:
6674:(soldier flies)
6621:
6576:
6566:(tachina flies)
6503:
6496:Scathophagidae
6474:(cabbage flies)
6445:
6421:
6375:Australimyzidae
6356:
6349:Mormotomyiidae
6298:
6266:Neurochaetidae
6203:
6164:
6157:Sphaeroceridae
6134:Sphaeroceroidea
6128:
6088:Heterocheilidae
6083:Helosciomyzidae
6051:
5987:
5953:
5940:(peacock flies)
5906:(flutter flies)
5890:
5839:
5810:
5779:Lonchopteridae
5723:
5694:
5672:Homalocnemiidae
5656:Dolichopodidae
5637:
5527:
5497:
5455:
5454:
5452:
5444:
5406:
5391:Ptychopteridae
5365:
5344:
5296:
5292:Perissommatidae
5266:
5251:Rangomaramidae
5196:
5195:
5193:
5185:
5164:
5126:
5080:
5067:(biting midges)
5035:
5012:Corethrellidae
4973:
4947:
4933:
4889:
4882:
4834:
4797:
4761:
4760:
4750:
4749:
4742:
4733:
4731:
4726:
4725:
4721:
4704:
4661:
4660:
4656:
4651:
4647:
4637:
4636:
4632:
4623:
4619:
4610:
4606:
4593:
4589:
4575:
4571:
4564:
4560:
4551:
4547:
4519:
4518:
4514:
4504:
4501:Wayback Machine
4494:
4490:
4484:Meomyia vetusta
4478:
4474:
4436:
4435:
4431:
4387:
4386:
4382:
4366:
4359:
4352:
4339:
4338:
4334:
4329:
4308:
4301:
4288:
4279:
4271:
4262:
4259:
4250:
4239:
4230:
4227:
4218:
4203:
4194:
4189:
4132:Greathead, 1995
4092:Paramonov, 1934
4082:Paramonov, 1931
4062:Cockerell, 1913
4029:Paramonov, 1940
3638:Relictiphthiria
3622:Paramonov, 1954
3559:Prothaplocnemis
3343:Paramonov, 1929
3320:Greathead, 1980
3306:Paradiplocampta
3221:Cockerell, 1909
3116:Greathead, 1998
3027:Cockerell, 1917
2944:Cockerell, 1909
2711:Greathead, 1967
2701:Paramonov, 1927
1882:Callynthrophora
1863:Greathead, 1981
1763:Greathead, 1995
1753:Greathead, 1995
1743:Greathead, 1995
1723:Greathead, 1995
1634:Antoniaustralia
1537:Cockerell, 1914
1514:Cockerell, 1909
1397:
1392:
1337:Poecilognathini
1166:Hilarimorphidae
1154:
1145:
1120:
1000:
956:
920:
837:Bombylius major
776:
715:
706:
672:
669:
660:
654:
645:
639:
553:
544:
533:
527:
524:
509:
493:
482:
376:
326:
324:
209:
132:
122:Bombylius major
106:
104:
103:
98:
93:
88:
83:
78:
73:
68:
63:
58:
53:
48:
40:
39:
36:
28:
27:Family of flies
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
7204:
7202:
7194:
7193:
7188:
7183:
7178:
7168:
7167:
7161:
7160:
7158:
7157:
7144:
7131:
7121:
7108:
7095:
7082:
7069:
7056:
7043:
7030:
7021:Fauna Europaea
7017:
7004:
6991:
6978:
6965:
6952:
6942:
6929:
6916:
6901:
6885:
6883:
6877:
6876:
6871:
6862:
6861:
6856:
6853:
6852:
6849:
6848:
6845:
6844:
6841:
6840:
6837:
6836:
6834:
6833:
6824:
6822:
6813:
6807:
6806:
6803:
6802:
6800:
6799:
6793:
6791:
6789:Vermileonoidea
6782:
6776:
6775:
6772:
6771:
6769:
6768:
6760:
6755:
6750:
6741:
6739:
6733:
6732:
6730:
6729:
6721:
6716:
6714:Austroleptidae
6710:
6708:
6699:
6693:
6692:
6689:
6688:
6686:
6685:
6677:
6672:Stratiomyidae
6669:
6666:(timber flies)
6660:
6658:
6656:Stratiomyoidea
6649:
6639:
6638:
6635:
6634:
6631:
6630:
6627:
6626:
6623:
6622:
6620:
6619:
6611:
6606:Nycteribiidae
6603:
6598:Hippoboscidae
6595:
6592:(tsetse flies)
6586:
6584:
6582:Hippoboscoidea
6578:
6577:
6575:
6574:
6569:
6561:
6556:Sarcophagidae
6553:
6548:
6543:
6535:
6527:
6522:
6517:Calliphoridae
6513:
6511:
6505:
6504:
6502:
6501:
6493:
6485:
6477:
6468:
6466:
6457:
6451:
6450:
6447:
6446:
6444:
6443:
6435:
6433:Cryptochetidae
6429:
6427:
6423:
6422:
6420:
6419:
6411:
6406:
6398:
6393:
6385:
6377:
6372:
6366:
6364:
6358:
6357:
6355:
6354:
6346:
6338:
6333:Drosophilidae
6330:
6322:
6314:
6308:
6306:
6300:
6299:
6297:
6296:
6291:
6286:
6284:Periscelididae
6281:
6276:
6271:
6263:
6258:
6253:
6251:Fergusoninidae
6248:
6240:
6232:
6227:
6222:
6213:
6211:
6205:
6204:
6202:
6201:
6196:
6191:
6186:Chamaemyiidae
6183:
6174:
6172:
6166:
6165:
6163:
6162:
6154:
6152:Nannodastiidae
6149:
6144:
6138:
6136:
6130:
6129:
6127:
6126:
6118:
6110:
6105:
6100:
6095:
6090:
6085:
6080:
6075:
6070:
6061:
6059:
6053:
6052:
6050:
6049:
6044:
6039:
6034:
6029:
6021:
6016:
6011:
6006:
5997:
5995:
5989:
5988:
5986:
5985:
5977:
5969:
5963:
5961:
5955:
5954:
5952:
5951:
5943:
5935:
5930:
5925:
5922:(signal flies)
5917:
5914:(cheese flies)
5909:
5904:Pallopteridae
5900:
5898:
5892:
5891:
5889:
5888:
5879:
5877:
5868:
5859:
5849:
5848:
5845:
5844:
5841:
5840:
5838:
5837:
5829:
5820:
5818:
5812:
5811:
5809:
5808:
5800:
5792:
5784:
5776:
5773:(ironic flies)
5767:
5765:
5756:
5743:
5737:
5736:
5733:
5732:
5729:
5728:
5725:
5724:
5722:
5721:
5716:Nemestrinidae
5713:
5704:
5702:
5700:Nemestrinoidea
5696:
5695:
5693:
5692:
5687:
5682:
5674:
5669:
5661:
5653:
5647:
5645:
5639:
5638:
5636:
5635:
5627:
5624:(window flies)
5619:
5617:Mythicomyiidae
5614:
5606:
5598:
5593:
5585:
5582:(robber flies)
5577:
5572:
5567:
5558:
5556:
5547:
5529:
5528:
5522:
5515:
5514:
5511:
5510:
5507:
5506:
5503:
5502:
5499:
5498:
5496:
5495:
5487:
5479:
5471:
5462:
5460:
5446:
5445:
5443:
5442:
5437:Trichoceridae
5433:
5431:
5429:Trichoceroidea
5422:
5412:
5411:
5408:
5407:
5405:
5404:
5396:
5387:
5385:
5375:
5374:
5371:
5370:
5367:
5366:
5364:
5363:
5354:
5352:
5346:
5345:
5343:
5342:
5337:
5329:
5323:
5321:
5312:
5310:Psychodomorpha
5302:
5301:
5298:
5297:
5295:
5294:
5288:
5286:
5276:
5275:
5272:
5271:
5268:
5267:
5265:
5264:
5256:
5248:
5246:Mycetophilidae
5243:
5235:
5227:
5222:
5217:
5212:Cecidomyiidae
5209:
5207:Bolitophilidae
5203:
5201:
5197:(fungus gnats)
5187:
5186:
5184:
5183:
5174:
5172:
5166:
5165:
5163:
5162:
5153:
5151:
5142:
5132:
5131:
5128:
5127:
5125:
5124:
5119:
5111:
5102:
5100:
5090:
5089:
5086:
5085:
5082:
5081:
5079:
5078:
5070:
5062:
5054:
5045:
5043:
5037:
5036:
5034:
5033:
5025:
5017:
5009:
5000:
4998:
4989:
4979:
4978:
4975:
4974:
4972:
4971:
4965:
4963:
4949:
4948:
4942:
4935:
4934:
4932:
4931:
4925:
4919:
4913:
4907:
4901:
4894:
4891:
4890:
4883:
4881:
4880:
4873:
4866:
4858:
4852:
4851:
4846:
4840:
4833:
4832:External links
4830:
4829:
4828:
4821:
4814:
4808:
4795:
4788:
4769:
4759:
4758:
4740:
4719:
4654:
4645:
4630:
4626:Entomol. Obozr
4617:
4604:
4587:
4569:
4558:
4545:
4532:(2): 149–185.
4512:
4488:
4472:
4429:
4400:(1): 231–240.
4380:
4357:
4350:
4331:
4330:
4328:
4325:
4324:
4323:
4307:
4304:
4303:
4302:
4289:
4282:
4280:
4272:
4265:
4263:
4260:
4253:
4251:
4249:conservatory .
4247:United Kingdom
4240:
4233:
4231:
4228:
4221:
4219:
4204:
4197:
4193:
4190:
4188:
4187:
4177:
4167:
4157:
4144:
4134:
4124:
4122:Evenhuis, 1984
4114:
4104:
4094:
4084:
4074:
4064:
4054:
4052:Evenhuis, 1978
4044:
4031:
4021:
4008:
3995:
3982:
3972:
3959:
3957:Evenhuis, 1986
3949:
3947:Evenhuis, 1984
3939:
3937:Evenhuis, 1978
3929:
3919:
3906:
3896:
3883:
3870:
3857:
3844:
3831:
3818:
3808:
3795:
3786:Sphenoidoptera
3782:
3769:
3756:
3746:
3736:
3723:
3710:
3700:
3687:
3677:
3664:
3654:
3644:
3642:Evenhuis, 1986
3634:
3624:
3614:
3601:
3588:
3578:
3568:
3555:
3545:
3532:
3530:Théobald, 1937
3522:
3513:Poecilognathus
3509:
3496:
3483:
3473:
3460:
3450:
3437:
3424:
3415:Perengueyimyia
3411:
3398:
3388:
3378:
3372:Parasysteochus
3368:
3355:
3345:
3335:
3322:
3312:
3302:
3289:
3276:
3263:
3253:
3251:François, 1964
3243:
3233:
3223:
3217:Pachysystropus
3213:
3211:François, 1964
3203:
3193:
3180:
3167:
3154:
3141:
3131:
3118:
3108:
3098:
3085:
3075:
3065:
3056:Neodiplocampta
3052:
3050:Evenhuis, 1978
3042:
3029:
3023:Neacreotrichus
3019:
3009:
2999:
2997:Evenhuis, 1986
2989:
2979:
2969:
2956:
2954:Evenhuis, 1983
2946:
2936:
2926:
2913:
2903:
2893:
2880:
2878:Evenhuis, 1983
2870:
2857:
2844:
2831:
2818:
2805:
2795:
2782:
2769:
2759:
2746:
2733:
2723:
2713:
2703:
2693:
2683:
2670:
2660:
2647:
2634:
2621:
2608:
2595:
2582:
2572:
2559:
2546:
2533:
2520:
2507:
2494:
2481:
2468:
2455:
2453:Evenhuis, 1991
2449:Exechohypopion
2445:
2435:
2433:Evenhuis, 1986
2425:
2412:
2402:
2389:
2376:
2374:Evenhuis, 1985
2366:
2356:
2343:
2333:
2320:
2307:
2294:
2281:
2271:
2258:
2245:
2235:
2222:
2209:
2196:
2186:
2173:
2163:
2153:
2140:
2127:
2114:
2112:Evenhuis, 1993
2104:
2091:
2078:
2065:
2055:
2045:
2032:
2022:
2009:
1996:
1983:
1973:
1963:
1950:
1940:
1927:
1914:
1901:
1891:
1878:
1865:
1855:
1845:
1835:
1825:
1815:
1805:
1803:Evenhuis, 1981
1795:
1778:
1765:
1755:
1745:
1735:
1725:
1715:
1713:Evenhuis, 1986
1705:
1695:
1682:
1669:
1656:
1643:
1630:
1617:
1604:
1591:
1578:
1565:
1552:
1539:
1529:
1516:
1506:
1493:
1483:
1470:
1461:Acrophthalmyda
1457:
1444:
1442:Evenhuis, 1986
1434:
1420:
1396:
1393:
1391:
1390:
1388:Xenoprosopinae
1385:
1384:
1383:
1378:
1368:
1367:
1366:
1361:
1356:
1346:
1341:
1340:
1339:
1334:
1324:
1319:
1314:
1312:Mariobezziinae
1309:
1308:
1307:
1302:
1292:
1290:Heterotropinae
1287:
1282:
1277:
1272:
1271:
1270:
1265:
1260:
1250:
1245:
1244:
1243:
1238:
1233:
1231:Prorostomatini
1228:
1223:
1218:
1207:
1174:Mythicomyiidae
1151:
1150:
1147:
1146:
1142:
1141:
1138:
1137:
1129:
1126:
1125:
1122:
1121:
1117:
1116:
1113:
1112:
1104:
1101:
1100:
1097:
1096:
1084:
1081:
1080:
1077:
1076:
1064:
1059:
1057:
1051:
1049:
1038:
999:
996:
995:
994:
989:
984:
979:
974:
955:
952:
944:Oceanian realm
928:Nearctic realm
919:
916:
907:Nemestrinoidea
858:A. trifasciata
806:Nearctic realm
723:Xenox tigrinus
714:
711:
705:
702:
701:
700:
696:
695:
692:hoverfly wings
687:
686:
674:
673:
670:
663:
661:
655:
648:
646:
640:
633:
552:
549:
546:
545:
496:
494:
487:
481:
478:
375:
372:
330:
329:
327:Systropodidae
319:
318:
312:
311:
310:
309:
307:Xenoprosopinae
304:
299:
294:
289:
284:
279:
274:
272:Mariobezziinae
269:
264:
262:Heterotropinae
259:
254:
249:
244:
239:
234:
228:
227:
222:
221:
217:
216:
204:
200:
199:
194:
190:
189:
184:
180:
179:
174:
170:
169:
164:
160:
159:
154:
150:
149:
144:
140:
139:
126:
125:
117:
116:
108:
107:
99:
94:
89:
84:
79:
74:
69:
64:
59:
54:
49:
44:
43:
37:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
7203:
7192:
7189:
7187:
7184:
7182:
7179:
7177:
7174:
7173:
7171:
7154:
7149:
7145:
7141:
7136:
7132:
7128:
7122:
7118:
7113:
7109:
7105:
7100:
7096:
7092:
7087:
7083:
7079:
7074:
7070:
7066:
7061:
7057:
7053:
7048:
7044:
7040:
7035:
7031:
7027:
7022:
7018:
7014:
7009:
7005:
7001:
6996:
6992:
6988:
6983:
6979:
6975:
6970:
6966:
6962:
6957:
6953:
6949:
6943:
6939:
6934:
6930:
6926:
6921:
6917:
6912:
6906:
6902:
6897:
6891:
6887:
6886:
6884:
6882:
6878:
6874:
6869:
6859:
6854:
6832:
6828:Xylophagidae
6826:
6825:
6823:
6821:
6820:Xylophagoidea
6817:
6814:
6812:
6808:
6798:
6797:Vermileonidae
6795:
6794:
6792:
6790:
6786:
6783:
6781:
6777:
6767:
6761:
6759:
6756:
6754:
6751:
6749:
6743:
6742:
6740:
6738:
6734:
6728:
6726:(snipe flies)
6722:
6720:
6717:
6715:
6712:
6711:
6709:
6707:
6703:
6700:
6698:
6694:
6684:
6678:
6676:
6670:
6668:
6662:
6661:
6659:
6657:
6653:
6650:
6648:
6644:
6640:
6618:
6612:
6610:
6604:
6602:
6600:(louse flies)
6596:
6594:
6588:
6587:
6585:
6583:
6579:
6573:
6570:
6568:
6562:
6560:
6558:(flesh flies)
6554:
6552:
6551:Rhinophoridae
6549:
6547:
6544:
6542:
6536:
6534:
6528:
6526:
6523:
6521:
6515:
6514:
6512:
6510:
6506:
6500:
6494:
6492:
6486:
6484:
6478:
6476:
6472:Anthomyiidae
6470:
6469:
6467:
6465:
6461:
6458:
6456:
6452:
6442:
6440:(lance flies)
6436:
6434:
6431:
6430:
6428:
6424:
6418:
6412:
6410:
6407:
6405:
6399:
6397:
6394:
6392:
6390:(beach flies)
6386:
6384:
6378:
6376:
6373:
6371:
6368:
6367:
6365:
6363:
6359:
6353:
6347:
6345:
6343:(shore flies)
6339:
6337:
6331:
6329:
6323:
6321:
6317:Curtonotidae
6315:
6313:
6310:
6309:
6307:
6305:
6301:
6295:
6292:
6290:
6289:Teratomyzidae
6287:
6285:
6282:
6280:
6277:
6275:
6272:
6270:
6264:
6262:
6259:
6257:
6254:
6252:
6249:
6247:
6241:
6239:
6233:
6231:
6228:
6226:
6223:
6221:
6215:
6214:
6212:
6210:
6206:
6200:
6197:
6195:
6194:Cremifaniidae
6192:
6190:
6188:(aphid flies)
6184:
6182:
6176:
6175:
6173:
6171:
6167:
6161:
6155:
6153:
6150:
6148:
6145:
6143:
6140:
6139:
6137:
6135:
6131:
6125:
6119:
6117:
6115:(marsh flies)
6111:
6109:
6108:Ropalomeridae
6106:
6104:
6101:
6099:
6098:Natalimyzidae
6096:
6094:
6091:
6089:
6086:
6084:
6081:
6079:
6076:
6074:
6071:
6069:
6063:
6062:
6060:
6058:
6054:
6048:
6045:
6043:
6040:
6038:
6035:
6033:
6030:
6028:
6022:
6020:
6017:
6015:
6014:Megamerinidae
6012:
6010:
6007:
6005:
5999:
5998:
5996:
5994:
5990:
5984:
5978:
5976:
5972:Micropezidae
5970:
5968:
5965:
5964:
5962:
5960:
5956:
5950:
5944:
5942:
5936:
5934:
5931:
5929:
5926:
5924:
5918:
5916:
5910:
5908:
5902:
5901:
5899:
5897:
5893:
5887:
5881:
5880:
5878:
5876:
5872:
5869:
5867:
5863:
5860:
5858:
5854:
5850:
5836:
5830:
5828:
5824:Pipunculidae
5822:
5821:
5819:
5817:
5813:
5807:
5803:Platypezidae
5801:
5799:
5793:
5791:
5785:
5783:
5777:
5775:
5771:Ironomyiidae
5769:
5768:
5766:
5764:
5763:Platypezoidea
5760:
5757:
5755:
5751:
5747:
5744:
5742:
5738:
5720:
5714:
5712:
5706:
5705:
5703:
5701:
5697:
5691:
5688:
5686:
5685:Oreogetonidae
5683:
5681:
5679:(dance flies)
5675:
5673:
5670:
5668:
5662:
5660:
5654:
5652:
5649:
5648:
5646:
5644:
5640:
5634:
5628:
5626:
5622:Scenopinidae
5620:
5618:
5615:
5613:
5611:(mydas flies)
5607:
5605:
5599:
5597:
5594:
5592:
5586:
5584:
5578:
5576:
5575:Apystomyiidae
5573:
5571:
5568:
5566:
5560:
5559:
5557:
5555:
5551:
5548:
5546:
5542:
5538:
5534:
5530:
5526:
5520:
5516:
5494:
5488:
5486:
5480:
5478:
5472:
5470:
5464:
5463:
5461:
5456:(crane flies)
5451:
5447:
5441:
5435:
5434:
5432:
5430:
5426:
5423:
5421:
5417:
5413:
5403:
5397:
5395:
5389:
5388:
5386:
5384:
5380:
5376:
5362:
5356:
5355:
5353:
5351:
5347:
5341:
5340:Valeseguyidae
5338:
5336:
5330:
5328:
5325:
5324:
5322:
5320:
5316:
5313:
5311:
5307:
5303:
5293:
5290:
5289:
5287:
5285:
5281:
5277:
5263:
5257:
5255:
5249:
5247:
5244:
5242:
5236:
5234:
5230:Keroplatidae
5228:
5226:
5223:
5221:
5220:Diadocidiidae
5218:
5216:
5214:(gall midges)
5210:
5208:
5205:
5204:
5202:
5192:
5188:
5182:
5178:Anisopodidae
5176:
5175:
5173:
5171:
5170:Anisopodoidea
5167:
5161:
5155:
5154:
5152:
5150:
5146:
5143:
5141:
5140:Bibionomorpha
5137:
5133:
5123:
5122:Nymphomyiidae
5120:
5118:
5112:
5110:
5104:
5103:
5101:
5099:
5095:
5091:
5077:
5073:Chironomidae
5071:
5069:
5063:
5061:
5059:(black flies)
5055:
5053:
5049:Thaumaleidae
5047:
5046:
5044:
5042:
5041:Chironomoidea
5038:
5032:
5026:
5024:
5018:
5016:
5010:
5008:
5002:
5001:
4999:
4997:
4993:
4990:
4988:
4984:
4980:
4970:
4967:
4966:
4964:
4962:
4961:Axymyiomorpha
4958:
4954:
4950:
4946:
4940:
4936:
4930:
4926:
4924:
4920:
4918:
4914:
4912:
4908:
4906:
4902:
4900:
4896:
4895:
4892:
4887:
4879:
4874:
4872:
4867:
4865:
4860:
4859:
4856:
4850:
4849:Wing venation
4847:
4844:
4841:
4839:
4836:
4835:
4831:
4826:
4822:
4819:
4815:
4813:
4809:
4805:
4801:
4796:
4793:
4789:
4786:
4782:
4781:Erwin Lindner
4778:
4774:
4770:
4767:
4763:
4762:
4754:
4747:
4745:
4741:
4730:
4723:
4720:
4715:
4709:
4701:
4697:
4692:
4687:
4682:
4677:
4673:
4669:
4668:PLOS Currents
4665:
4658:
4655:
4649:
4646:
4642:(3051): 1–30.
4641:
4634:
4631:
4627:
4621:
4618:
4614:
4608:
4605:
4601:
4597:
4591:
4588:
4584:
4580:
4573:
4570:
4567:
4562:
4559:
4555:
4549:
4546:
4540:
4535:
4531:
4527:
4523:
4516:
4513:
4508:
4502:
4498:
4492:
4489:
4485:
4481:
4476:
4473:
4468:
4464:
4460:
4456:
4452:
4448:
4444:
4440:
4433:
4430:
4425:
4421:
4416:
4411:
4407:
4403:
4399:
4395:
4394:Palaeontology
4391:
4384:
4381:
4378:
4374:
4373:0-87474-131-9
4370:
4364:
4362:
4358:
4353:
4351:1-86872-713-0
4347:
4343:
4336:
4333:
4326:
4321:
4317:
4314:
4310:
4309:
4305:
4300:
4299:
4298:Bidens laevis
4294:
4293:
4286:
4281:
4277:
4276:
4269:
4264:
4257:
4252:
4248:
4244:
4237:
4232:
4225:
4220:
4216:
4212:
4208:
4201:
4196:
4191:
4183:
4182:
4178:
4173:
4172:
4168:
4163:
4162:
4158:
4154:
4150:
4149:
4145:
4140:
4139:
4135:
4130:
4129:
4125:
4120:
4119:
4115:
4110:
4109:
4105:
4100:
4099:
4095:
4090:
4089:
4085:
4080:
4079:
4075:
4070:
4069:
4065:
4060:
4059:
4055:
4050:
4049:
4045:
4041:
4037:
4036:
4032:
4027:
4026:
4022:
4018:
4014:
4013:
4009:
4005:
4001:
4000:
3996:
3992:
3988:
3987:
3983:
3980:Zaitzev, 1979
3978:
3977:
3973:
3969:
3965:
3964:
3960:
3955:
3954:
3950:
3945:
3944:
3940:
3935:
3934:
3930:
3927:Tonnoir, 1927
3925:
3924:
3923:Tillyardomyia
3920:
3916:
3912:
3911:
3910:Thyridanthrax
3907:
3902:
3901:
3897:
3893:
3889:
3888:
3887:Thevenetimyia
3884:
3880:
3876:
3875:
3871:
3867:
3863:
3862:
3858:
3854:
3850:
3849:
3845:
3841:
3837:
3836:
3832:
3828:
3824:
3823:
3819:
3814:
3813:
3812:Staurostichus
3809:
3805:
3801:
3800:
3796:
3792:
3788:
3787:
3783:
3779:
3775:
3774:
3770:
3766:
3762:
3761:
3757:
3752:
3751:
3747:
3742:
3741:
3737:
3733:
3729:
3728:
3724:
3720:
3716:
3715:
3711:
3706:
3705:
3701:
3697:
3693:
3692:
3688:
3683:
3682:
3678:
3674:
3670:
3669:
3665:
3660:
3659:
3655:
3652:Painter, 1933
3650:
3649:
3648:Rhynchanthrax
3645:
3640:
3639:
3635:
3630:
3629:
3625:
3620:
3619:
3615:
3611:
3607:
3606:
3602:
3598:
3594:
3593:
3589:
3584:
3583:
3582:Pteraulacodes
3579:
3576:Roberts, 1928
3574:
3573:
3572:Pseudopenthes
3569:
3565:
3561:
3560:
3556:
3551:
3550:
3546:
3542:
3538:
3537:
3533:
3528:
3527:
3523:
3519:
3515:
3514:
3510:
3506:
3502:
3501:
3500:Poecilanthrax
3497:
3493:
3489:
3488:
3484:
3481:Brèthes, 1925
3479:
3478:
3474:
3470:
3466:
3465:
3464:Pipunculopsis
3461:
3456:
3455:
3451:
3447:
3443:
3442:
3438:
3434:
3430:
3429:
3425:
3421:
3417:
3416:
3412:
3408:
3404:
3403:
3399:
3396:Painter, 1933
3394:
3393:
3389:
3384:
3383:
3382:Paratoxophora
3379:
3374:
3373:
3369:
3365:
3361:
3360:
3356:
3351:
3350:
3346:
3341:
3340:
3336:
3332:
3328:
3327:
3323:
3318:
3317:
3313:
3308:
3307:
3303:
3299:
3295:
3294:
3293:Paracorsomyza
3290:
3286:
3282:
3281:
3277:
3273:
3269:
3268:
3264:
3259:
3258:
3254:
3249:
3248:
3244:
3241:Meunier, 1915
3239:
3238:
3234:
3231:Meunier, 1916
3229:
3228:
3227:Palaeoamictus
3224:
3219:
3218:
3214:
3209:
3208:
3204:
3199:
3198:
3194:
3190:
3186:
3185:
3181:
3177:
3173:
3172:
3168:
3164:
3160:
3159:
3155:
3151:
3147:
3146:
3142:
3137:
3136:
3132:
3128:
3124:
3123:
3119:
3114:
3113:
3109:
3104:
3103:
3102:Nothoschistus
3099:
3095:
3091:
3090:
3086:
3083:Roberts, 1929
3081:
3080:
3076:
3073:Painter, 1933
3071:
3070:
3069:Neodischistus
3066:
3062:
3058:
3057:
3053:
3048:
3047:
3046:Neobombylodes
3043:
3039:
3035:
3034:
3030:
3025:
3024:
3020:
3017:Roberts, 1929
3015:
3014:
3010:
3005:
3004:
3000:
2995:
2994:
2990:
2985:
2984:
2980:
2975:
2974:
2970:
2966:
2962:
2961:
2957:
2952:
2951:
2947:
2942:
2941:
2937:
2932:
2931:
2927:
2923:
2919:
2918:
2914:
2909:
2908:
2904:
2899:
2898:
2894:
2890:
2886:
2885:
2881:
2876:
2875:
2871:
2867:
2863:
2862:
2858:
2854:
2850:
2849:
2848:Mallophthiria
2845:
2841:
2837:
2836:
2832:
2828:
2824:
2823:
2819:
2815:
2811:
2810:
2806:
2801:
2800:
2796:
2792:
2788:
2787:
2783:
2779:
2775:
2774:
2770:
2765:
2764:
2763:Lepidochlanus
2760:
2756:
2752:
2751:
2747:
2743:
2739:
2738:
2734:
2729:
2728:
2724:
2719:
2718:
2714:
2709:
2708:
2704:
2699:
2698:
2694:
2689:
2688:
2684:
2680:
2676:
2675:
2671:
2666:
2665:
2661:
2657:
2653:
2652:
2648:
2644:
2640:
2639:
2635:
2631:
2627:
2626:
2622:
2618:
2614:
2613:
2609:
2605:
2601:
2600:
2596:
2592:
2588:
2587:
2583:
2578:
2577:
2573:
2569:
2565:
2564:
2563:Gyrocraspedum
2560:
2556:
2552:
2551:
2547:
2543:
2539:
2538:
2534:
2530:
2526:
2525:
2521:
2517:
2513:
2512:
2508:
2504:
2500:
2499:
2495:
2491:
2487:
2486:
2482:
2478:
2474:
2473:
2472:Exhyalanthrax
2469:
2465:
2461:
2460:
2456:
2451:
2450:
2446:
2443:Roberts, 1929
2441:
2440:
2436:
2431:
2430:
2426:
2422:
2418:
2417:
2413:
2408:
2407:
2403:
2399:
2395:
2394:
2390:
2386:
2382:
2381:
2377:
2372:
2371:
2367:
2362:
2361:
2357:
2353:
2349:
2348:
2344:
2339:
2338:
2334:
2330:
2326:
2325:
2321:
2317:
2313:
2312:
2308:
2304:
2300:
2299:
2295:
2291:
2287:
2286:
2282:
2277:
2276:
2272:
2268:
2264:
2263:
2259:
2255:
2251:
2250:
2246:
2241:
2240:
2236:
2232:
2228:
2227:
2223:
2219:
2215:
2214:
2210:
2206:
2202:
2201:
2197:
2192:
2191:
2187:
2183:
2179:
2178:
2177:Dicranoclista
2174:
2169:
2168:
2164:
2159:
2158:
2154:
2150:
2146:
2145:
2141:
2137:
2133:
2132:
2128:
2124:
2120:
2119:
2115:
2110:
2109:
2105:
2101:
2097:
2096:
2092:
2088:
2084:
2083:
2079:
2075:
2071:
2070:
2066:
2063:Painter, 1959
2061:
2060:
2056:
2051:
2050:
2046:
2042:
2038:
2037:
2033:
2028:
2027:
2023:
2019:
2015:
2014:
2010:
2006:
2002:
2001:
1997:
1993:
1989:
1988:
1984:
1981:Hermann, 1907
1979:
1978:
1974:
1969:
1968:
1964:
1960:
1956:
1955:
1951:
1946:
1945:
1941:
1937:
1933:
1932:
1928:
1924:
1920:
1919:
1915:
1911:
1907:
1906:
1902:
1897:
1896:
1892:
1888:
1884:
1883:
1879:
1875:
1871:
1870:
1866:
1861:
1860:
1856:
1851:
1850:
1846:
1841:
1840:
1836:
1831:
1830:
1826:
1821:
1820:
1816:
1811:
1810:
1806:
1801:
1800:
1796:
1792:
1788:
1784:
1783:
1779:
1775:
1771:
1770:
1766:
1761:
1760:
1756:
1751:
1750:
1746:
1741:
1740:
1736:
1731:
1730:
1726:
1721:
1720:
1719:Australoechus
1716:
1711:
1710:
1706:
1701:
1700:
1696:
1692:
1688:
1687:
1683:
1679:
1675:
1674:
1670:
1666:
1662:
1661:
1657:
1653:
1649:
1648:
1644:
1640:
1636:
1635:
1631:
1627:
1623:
1622:
1618:
1614:
1610:
1609:
1605:
1601:
1597:
1596:
1592:
1588:
1584:
1583:
1579:
1575:
1571:
1570:
1566:
1562:
1558:
1557:
1553:
1549:
1545:
1544:
1540:
1535:
1534:
1530:
1526:
1522:
1521:
1517:
1512:
1511:
1507:
1503:
1499:
1498:
1494:
1489:
1488:
1484:
1480:
1476:
1475:
1471:
1467:
1463:
1462:
1458:
1454:
1450:
1449:
1445:
1440:
1439:
1438:Acreophthiria
1435:
1431:
1427:
1426:
1422:
1421:
1416:
1412:
1405:
1401:
1394:
1389:
1386:
1382:
1379:
1377:
1374:
1373:
1372:
1369:
1365:
1362:
1360:
1357:
1355:
1352:
1351:
1350:
1347:
1345:
1342:
1338:
1335:
1333:
1330:
1329:
1328:
1325:
1323:
1320:
1318:
1317:Oligodraninae
1315:
1313:
1310:
1306:
1303:
1301:
1298:
1297:
1296:
1293:
1291:
1288:
1286:
1283:
1281:
1278:
1276:
1273:
1269:
1266:
1264:
1261:
1259:
1256:
1255:
1254:
1251:
1249:
1246:
1242:
1239:
1237:
1234:
1232:
1229:
1227:
1224:
1222:
1219:
1217:
1214:
1213:
1212:
1209:
1208:
1206:
1202:
1199:
1198:sensu stricto
1195:
1194:Apystomyiidae
1191:
1187:
1183:
1179:
1175:
1171:
1167:
1163:
1159:
1149:
1148:
1140:
1139:
1136:
1135:
1128:
1127:
1124:
1123:
1115:
1114:
1111:
1110:
1103:
1102:
1099:
1098:
1095:
1094:
1090:
1083:
1082:
1079:
1078:
1075:
1074:
1070:
1063:
1062:
1055:
1054:
1047:
1046:
1043:
1037:
1035:
1031:
1023:
1022:
1017:
1010:
1009:
1004:
997:
993:
990:
988:
985:
983:
980:
978:
975:
973:
970:
969:
965:
960:
954:Species lists
953:
951:
949:
945:
941:
937:
933:
929:
925:
917:
915:
912:
908:
903:
901:
897:
896:
891:
890:
885:
881:
880:
875:
871:
870:
869:Thyridanthrax
865:
864:
859:
855:
851:
850:
849:Anthrax anale
845:
844:
839:
838:
833:
829:
828:
823:
819:
815:
807:
803:
799:
792:
791:
774:
771:
767:
763:
758:
754:
752:
747:
743:
739:
737:
733:
725:
724:
719:
712:
710:
703:
698:
697:
693:
689:
688:
684:
683:
682:
679:
667:
662:
659:
652:
647:
644:
637:
632:
630:
628:
627:wing venation
620:
615:
611:
607:
605:
601:
597:
592:
590:
586:
585:flagellomeres
582:
578:
570:
566:
562:
559:
550:
542:
539:
531:
521:
517:
513:
507:
506:
502:
497:This section
495:
491:
486:
485:
479:
474:
473:
468:
464:
462:
461:Burmese amber
458:
452:
450:
449:opportunistic
446:
442:
438:
434:
429:
427:
423:
419:
415:
411:
410:
405:
401:
397:
393:
389:
385:
381:
373:
371:
369:
365:
361:
357:
353:
349:
345:
341:
337:
328:
320:
317:
313:
308:
305:
303:
300:
298:
295:
293:
290:
288:
285:
283:
280:
278:
277:Oligodraninae
275:
273:
270:
268:
265:
263:
260:
258:
255:
253:
250:
248:
245:
243:
240:
238:
235:
233:
230:
229:
226:
225:
223:
218:
213:
208:
205:
202:
201:
198:
195:
193:Superfamily:
192:
191:
188:
185:
182:
181:
178:
175:
172:
171:
168:
165:
162:
161:
158:
155:
152:
151:
148:
145:
142:
141:
136:
131:
127:
124:
123:
118:
114:
109:
102:
97:
92:
87:
82:
77:
72:
67:
62:
57:
52:
47:
33:
30:
19:
6880:
6753:Oreoleptidae
6745:Athericidae
6724:Rhagionidae
6719:Bolbomyiidae
6706:Rhagionoidea
6697:Tabanomorpha
6590:Glossinidae
6572:Ulurumyiidae
6498:(dung flies)
6438:Lonchaeidae
6426:Lonchaeoidea
6414:Milichiidae
6409:Inbiomyiidae
6403:(frit flies)
6401:Chloropidae
6325:Diastatidae
6294:Xenasteiidae
6225:Anthomyzidae
6217:Agromyzidae
6170:Lauxanioidea
6147:Heleomyzidae
6113:Sciomyzidae
6103:Phaeomyiidae
6093:Huttoninidae
6078:Helcomyzidae
6067:(kelp flies)
6057:Sciomyzoidea
6026:(rust flies)
5938:Tephritidae
5933:Richardiidae
5912:Piophilidae
5896:Tephritoidea
5866:Acalyptratae
5834:(hoverflies)
5708:Acroceridae
5588:Bombyliidae
5587:
5562:Apioceridae
5420:Tipulomorpha
5399:Tanyderidae
5360:(moth flies)
5358:Psychodidae
5350:Psychodoidea
5332:Scatopsidae
5319:Scatopsoidea
5180:(wood gnats)
5030:(mosquitoes)
5020:Chaoboridae
4987:Culicomorpha
4929:Holometabola
4927:Superorder:
4921:Infraclass:
4824:
4817:
4803:
4799:
4791:
4776:
4772:
4765:
4752:
4732:. Retrieved
4722:
4708:cite journal
4671:
4667:
4657:
4648:
4639:
4633:
4625:
4620:
4612:
4607:
4590:
4572:
4561:
4553:
4548:
4529:
4525:
4515:
4497:Ghostarchive
4495:Archived at
4491:
4483:
4475:
4442:
4438:
4432:
4397:
4393:
4383:
4341:
4335:
4296:
4290:
4273:
4185:Bowden, 1960
4179:
4169:
4159:
4146:
4136:
4126:
4116:
4106:
4096:
4086:
4076:
4066:
4056:
4046:
4033:
4025:Turkmeniella
4023:
4010:
3997:
3984:
3974:
3961:
3953:Tmemophlebia
3951:
3941:
3931:
3921:
3915:Osten Sacken
3908:
3898:
3885:
3872:
3859:
3846:
3840:Osten Sacken
3833:
3820:
3810:
3797:
3784:
3773:Sparnopolius
3771:
3758:
3754:Karsch, 1886
3750:Sisyrophanus
3748:
3738:
3725:
3712:
3702:
3689:
3681:Semistoechus
3679:
3666:
3656:
3646:
3636:
3626:
3616:
3603:
3590:
3580:
3570:
3557:
3547:
3534:
3526:Praecytherea
3524:
3511:
3505:Osten Sacken
3498:
3485:
3475:
3462:
3452:
3439:
3426:
3413:
3400:
3390:
3380:
3370:
3357:
3349:Paramonovius
3347:
3337:
3331:Osten Sacken
3324:
3314:
3304:
3291:
3278:
3272:Osten Sacken
3265:
3255:
3245:
3235:
3225:
3215:
3207:Pachyanthrax
3205:
3195:
3182:
3169:
3156:
3143:
3133:
3122:Oestranthrax
3120:
3110:
3106:Bowden, 1985
3100:
3087:
3077:
3067:
3054:
3044:
3031:
3021:
3011:
3001:
2991:
2981:
2977:Bowden, 1964
2971:
2958:
2948:
2940:Melanderella
2938:
2930:Megaphthiria
2928:
2915:
2905:
2895:
2882:
2872:
2859:
2846:
2835:Macrocondyla
2833:
2820:
2807:
2803:Bowden, 1975
2797:
2784:
2771:
2761:
2755:Osten Sacken
2750:Lepidanthrax
2748:
2735:
2725:
2715:
2707:Laminanthrax
2705:
2695:
2685:
2672:
2662:
2649:
2636:
2625:Heterotropus
2623:
2612:Heterostylum
2610:
2597:
2584:
2574:
2561:
2548:
2535:
2524:Glaesamictus
2522:
2509:
2496:
2483:
2470:
2457:
2447:
2437:
2429:Euryphthiria
2427:
2414:
2404:
2393:Euchariomyia
2391:
2378:
2370:Eristalopsis
2368:
2358:
2352:Osten Sacken
2345:
2335:
2322:
2309:
2296:
2283:
2273:
2260:
2247:
2237:
2224:
2211:
2205:Osten Sacken
2198:
2190:Diochanthrax
2188:
2175:
2171:Bowden, 1962
2165:
2155:
2144:Desmatoneura
2142:
2129:
2116:
2106:
2093:
2080:
2067:
2057:
2047:
2034:
2024:
2011:
1998:
1985:
1975:
1965:
1952:
1944:Colossoptera
1942:
1936:Osten Sacken
1931:Chrysanthrax
1929:
1916:
1905:Chalcochiton
1903:
1899:Strand, 1928
1893:
1880:
1867:
1857:
1847:
1837:
1827:
1817:
1807:
1797:
1780:
1767:
1757:
1747:
1737:
1727:
1717:
1707:
1699:Atrichochira
1697:
1691:Osten Sacken
1684:
1671:
1658:
1645:
1632:
1619:
1606:
1593:
1587:Osten Sacken
1580:
1567:
1554:
1541:
1531:
1518:
1510:Alepidophora
1508:
1495:
1485:
1472:
1459:
1448:Acreotrichus
1446:
1436:
1425:Acanthogeron
1423:
1414:
1403:
1359:Systropodini
1349:Toxophorinae
1322:Oniromyiinae
1226:Exoprosopini
1221:Aphoebantini
1203:
1197:
1189:
1185:
1182:Scenopinidae
1177:
1169:
1162:Hilarimorpha
1161:
1157:
1155:
1133:
1131:
1106:
1086:
1069:Scenopinidae
1066:
1041:
1030:Willi Hennig
1027:
1019:
1006:
964:Lepidanthrax
963:
921:
918:Zoogeography
904:
893:
887:
877:
874:tsetse flies
867:
861:
857:
856:larvae, and
854:tiger beetle
847:
841:
835:
825:
811:
801:
788:
770:sand chamber
769:
762:Bomber flies
761:
759:
755:
748:
744:
740:
729:
721:
707:
675:
657:
642:
624:
618:
608:
593:
574:
568:
554:
534:
525:
510:Please help
498:
470:
453:
430:
417:
407:
382:are a large
379:
377:
352:bomber flies
351:
347:
335:
333:
322:
297:Toxophorinae
282:Oniromyiinae
220:Subfamilies
206:
120:
29:
7176:Bombyliidae
7060:iNaturalist
6938:BOMBYLIIDAE
6925:Bombyliidae
6911:Bombyliidae
6905:Wikispecies
6881:Bombyliidae
6830:(awl flies)
6680:Xylomyidae
6616:(bat flies)
6614:Streblidae
6608:(bat flies)
6564:Tachinidae
6455:Calyptratae
6341:Ephydridae
6327:(bog flies)
6304:Ephydroidea
6237:(sap flies)
6209:Opomyzoidea
6199:Lauxaniidae
6178:Celyphidae
6142:Chyromyidae
6073:Dryomyzidae
6065:Coelopidae
6047:Tanypezidae
5857:Schizophora
5741:Muscomorpha
5651:Atelestidae
5630:Therevidae
5590:(bee flies)
5545:Asilomorpha
5482:Pediciidae
5474:Limoniidae
5225:Ditomyiidae
5157:Bibionidae
5149:Bibionoidea
5057:Simuliidae
4843:Bombyliidae
4785:Palaearctic
4773:Bombyliidae
4674:: RRN1233.
4292:Lepidophora
4278:sp. feeding
4241:Bee fly in
4175:Hesse, 1955
4142:Hesse, 1956
4128:Xerachistus
4112:Hesse, 1956
4108:Xenoprosopa
4088:Walkeromyia
4078:Villoestrus
4058:Verrallites
4012:Triploechus
3943:Tithonomyia
3822:Stomylomyia
3799:Spogostylum
3744:White, 1916
3704:Sericothrix
3658:Satyramoeba
3586:Hesse, 1956
3553:Hesse, 1956
3536:Prorachthes
3477:Platamomyia
3428:Petrorossia
3386:Engel, 1936
3316:Parachistus
3280:Pantostomus
3237:Palaeogeron
3201:Hesse, 1938
3158:Oligodranes
3112:Notolomatia
3033:Nectaropota
2993:Muscatheres
2911:White, 1916
2901:Hesse, 1956
2897:Marleyimyia
2884:Mariobezzia
2773:Lepidophora
2767:Hesse, 1938
2737:Legnotomyia
2638:Hyperalonia
2599:Heteralonia
2586:Hemipenthes
2416:Eurycarenus
2341:Hesse, 1956
2311:Efflatounia
2298:Edmundiella
2279:Hesse, 1938
2275:Doliogethys
2262:Dolichomyia
2243:White, 1916
2213:Diplocampta
2167:Diatropomma
2131:Desmatomyia
2059:Cyananthrax
2030:Hesse, 1956
2026:Coryprosopa
1987:Conophorina
1971:Hesse, 1956
1895:Canariellum
1859:Caecanthrax
1819:Bromoglycis
1809:Brachydemia
1769:Bombylisoma
1739:Beckerellus
1703:Hesse, 1956
1686:Astrophanes
1660:Aphoebantus
1582:Anastoechus
1569:Amphicosmus
1491:Hesse, 1938
1364:Toxophorini
1344:Tomomyzinae
1327:Phthiriinae
1280:Cythereinae
1275:Crocidiinae
1268:Conophorini
1253:Bombyliinae
1241:Xeramoebini
1211:Anthracinae
1170:Mythicomyia
1134:Bombyliidae
1093:Apioceridae
998:Systematics
884:ichneumonid
879:Villa morio
766:oviposition
732:watch video
528:August 2024
433:parasitoids
409:Lapeirousia
404:pollinators
380:Bombyliidae
368:parasitoids
364:pollinators
336:Bombyliidae
323:Phthiriidae
292:Tomomyzinae
287:Phthiriinae
252:Cythereinae
247:Crocidiinae
242:Bombyliinae
232:Anthracinae
207:Bombyliidae
35:Bombyliidae
7170:Categories
6763:Tabanidae
6737:Tabanoidea
6540:(botflies)
6538:Oestridae
6509:Oestroidea
6480:Fanniidae
6388:Canacidae
6382:(bee lice)
6380:Braulidae
6312:Camillidae
6279:Opomyzidae
6256:Marginidae
6243:Clusiidae
6032:Somatiidae
6019:Nothybidae
6001:Diopsidae
5993:Diopsoidea
5946:Ulidiidae
5928:Pyrgotidae
5883:Conopidae
5875:Conopoidea
5832:Syrphidae
5816:Syrphoidea
5787:Opetiidae
5677:Hybotidae
5664:Empididae
5643:Empidoidea
5525:Brachycera
5490:Tipulidae
5450:Tipuloidea
5259:Sciaridae
5191:Sciaroidea
5028:Culicidae
4996:Culicoidea
4969:Axymyiidae
4945:Nematocera
4915:Subclass:
4905:Arthropoda
4734:2018-12-31
4600:088864003X
4583:311004689X
4327:References
4275:Exoprosopa
4211:Tamil Nadu
4207:Coimbatore
4165:Hull, 1973
4072:Lioy, 1864
3999:Triplasius
3861:Systoechus
3816:Hull, 1973
3740:Sisyromyia
3708:Hall, 1976
3691:Sericosoma
3685:Hall, 1976
3662:Sack, 1909
3632:Hull, 1973
3605:Pterobates
3549:Prorostoma
3487:Plesiocera
3458:Hull, 1973
3376:Hall, 1976
3359:Paranthrax
3326:Paracosmus
3310:Hall, 1975
3247:Palintonus
3197:Othniomyia
3145:Ogcodocera
3139:Hull, 1973
3135:Oestrimyza
2965:Coquillett
2960:Metacosmus
2934:Hall, 1976
2917:Megapalpus
2866:Coquillett
2731:Hull, 1971
2580:Hull, 1970
2550:Gonarthrus
2503:Coquillett
2485:Exoprosopa
2464:Coquillett
2410:Hull, 1971
2385:Coquillett
2337:Epacmoides
2239:Docidomyia
2226:Dischistus
2194:Hall, 1975
2161:Hull, 1971
2118:Dasypalpus
2053:Hull, 1973
2000:Conophorus
1948:Hull, 1973
1869:Callostoma
1853:Hull, 1970
1843:Hull, 1973
1839:Bryodemina
1833:Hull, 1973
1829:Brychosoma
1823:Hull, 1971
1813:Hull, 1973
1799:Brachyanax
1759:Bombylella
1595:Anisotamia
1574:Coquillett
1502:Coquillett
1487:Adelogenys
1332:Phthiriini
1295:Lomatiinae
1263:Bombyliini
1248:Antoniinae
1216:Anthracini
1190:Apystomyia
1186:Apystomyia
1178:Apystomyia
1158:sensu lato
1073:Therevidae
992:World list
832:Orthoptera
736:hoverflies
617:A male of
480:Morphology
267:Lomatiinae
237:Antoniinae
167:Arthropoda
6546:Rhiniidae
6488:Muscidae
6464:Muscoidea
6362:Carnoidea
6274:Odiniidae
6261:Neminidae
6230:Asteiidae
6121:Sepsidae
6024:Psilidae
6009:Gobryidae
5980:Neriidae
5959:Nerioidea
5795:Phoridae
5690:Ragadidae
5596:Evocoidae
5580:Asilidae
5554:Asiloidea
5523:Suborder
4943:Suborder
4917:Pterygota
4897:Kingdom:
4554:Bombylius
4467:135365568
4424:128576916
4243:Hampshire
4171:Zinnomyia
4138:Xeramoeba
4040:Latreille
3986:Toxophora
3976:Tovlinius
3968:Wiedemann
3933:Timiomyia
3879:Wiedemann
3874:Systropus
3848:Synthesia
3791:Williston
3760:Sosiomyia
3714:Sericusia
3668:Semiramis
3592:Pteraulax
3518:Jaennicke
3392:Paravilla
3339:Parageron
3267:Pantarbes
3184:Oniromyia
3171:Oncodosia
3089:Nomalonia
3079:Neosardus
2973:Micomitra
2907:Marmosoma
2799:Litorhina
2697:Karakumia
2674:Isocnemus
2651:Hyperusia
2498:Geminaria
2459:Exepacmus
2406:Euprepina
2267:Wiedemann
2157:Deusopora
2149:Williston
2136:Williston
2100:Fabricius
2082:Cyrtomyia
2074:Latreille
2036:Crocidium
2018:Wiedemann
2013:Corsomyza
1977:Cononedys
1954:Comptosia
1918:Choristus
1782:Bombylius
1749:Bombomyia
1652:Wiedemann
1647:Apatomyza
1561:Wiedemann
1543:Amictites
1520:Aleucosia
1497:Aldrichia
1376:Apolysini
1354:Gerontini
1300:Lomatiini
1285:Ecliminae
911:planidium
818:Vespoidea
678:Syrphidae
643:Bombylius
499:does not
426:predators
348:bee flies
257:Ecliminae
212:Latreille
197:Asiloidea
153:Kingdom:
147:Eukaryota
18:Bombyliid
6969:BugGuide
6945:BioLib:
6890:Wikidata
6396:Carnidae
5609:Mydidae
5004:Dixidae
4923:Neoptera
4903:Phylum:
4899:Animalia
4888:families
4806:: 1–105.
4700:21686308
4499:and the
4445:: 5–13.
4316:Ribombee
4048:Veribubo
3963:Tomomyza
3804:Macquart
3696:Macquart
3628:Pygocona
3492:Macquart
3441:Phthiria
3257:Palirika
3150:Macquart
3038:Philippi
2922:Macquart
2874:Mandella
2822:Lordotus
2778:Westwood
2727:Laurella
2717:Larrpana
2617:Macquart
2576:Hallidia
2490:Macquart
2439:Eusurbus
2380:Eucessia
2329:Macquart
2249:Doddosia
2123:Macquart
2095:Cytherea
2069:Cyllenia
2049:Cryomyia
1967:Conomyza
1959:Macquart
1874:Macquart
1849:Cacoplox
1787:Linnaeus
1673:Apolysis
1600:Macquart
1533:Alomatia
1479:Macquart
1474:Adelidea
1453:Macquart
1109:Asilidae
1107: ?
1087: ?
1067: ?
982:Nearctic
900:antlions
886:species
600:pulvilli
581:aristate
577:holoptic
374:Overview
316:Synonyms
203:Family:
163:Phylum:
157:Animalia
143:Domain:
6896:Q676390
5754:Aschiza
4911:Insecta
4909:Class:
4886:Diptera
4884:Extant
4787:Region.
4779:4(3) (
4691:3088465
4447:Bibcode
4402:Bibcode
4313:Pokémon
4192:Gallery
4181:Zyxmyia
4161:Zaclava
4153:Speiser
4148:Ylasoia
4017:Edwards
3900:Thraxan
3719:Edwards
3618:Pusilla
3454:Pilosia
3402:Parisus
3176:Edwards
3094:Rondani
3013:Myonema
3003:Muwarna
2950:Meomyia
2853:Edwards
2840:Rondani
2809:Lomatia
2643:Rondani
2604:Rondani
2537:Gnumyia
2360:Eremyia
2347:Epacmus
2285:Eclimus
2254:Edwards
2218:Schiner
2200:Dipalta
1887:Schiner
1774:Rondani
1729:Balaana
1621:Antonia
1613:Scopoli
1608:Anthrax
1556:Amictus
1525:Edwards
1371:Usiinae
1236:Villini
1089:Mydidae
895:Dipalta
843:Andrena
822:Apoidea
808:species
751:Diptera
713:Biology
658:Anthrax
596:empodia
520:removed
505:sources
457:insects
441:beetles
418:bee fly
325:Usiidae
302:Usiinae
187:Diptera
183:Order:
177:Insecta
173:Class:
7153:138883
7140:653874
7124:NZOR:
7091:134153
7078:100021
7013:1BOMYF
4812:online
4775:. In:
4698:
4688:
4598:
4581:
4465:
4422:
4371:
4348:
4155:, 1920
4042:, 1802
4019:, 1937
4006:, 1855
3993:, 1803
3991:Meigen
3970:, 1820
3917:, 1886
3894:, 1875
3881:, 1820
3868:, 1855
3855:, 1921
3842:, 1886
3835:Stonyx
3829:, 1888
3806:, 1840
3793:, 1901
3780:, 1855
3767:, 1921
3734:, 1916
3732:Becker
3727:Sinaia
3721:, 1937
3698:, 1850
3675:, 1913
3673:Becker
3612:, 1921
3599:, 1921
3566:, 1925
3543:, 1868
3520:, 1867
3507:, 1886
3494:, 1840
3471:, 1925
3448:, 1803
3446:Meigen
3435:, 1908
3422:, 1886
3409:, 1852
3407:Walker
3366:, 1876
3333:, 1877
3300:, 1966
3298:Hennig
3287:, 1921
3274:, 1877
3191:, 1921
3178:, 1937
3165:, 1844
3152:, 1840
3129:, 1921
3096:, 1863
3063:, 1934
3061:Curran
3040:, 1865
2983:Munjua
2967:, 1891
2924:, 1834
2891:, 1913
2889:Becker
2868:, 1886
2861:Mancia
2855:, 1930
2842:, 1863
2829:, 1863
2816:, 1822
2814:Meigen
2793:, 1841
2791:Newman
2786:Ligyra
2780:, 1835
2757:, 1886
2744:, 1902
2681:, 1924
2658:, 1921
2645:, 1863
2632:, 1873
2619:, 1848
2606:, 1863
2593:, 1869
2570:, 1913
2568:Becker
2557:, 1921
2544:, 1921
2531:, 1966
2529:Hennig
2518:, 1820
2516:Meigen
2505:, 1894
2492:, 1840
2479:, 1916
2477:Becker
2466:, 1894
2423:, 1860
2400:, 1888
2387:, 1886
2354:, 1886
2331:, 1834
2318:, 1925
2305:, 1915
2303:Becker
2292:, 1844
2269:, 1830
2256:, 1934
2233:, 1855
2220:, 1868
2207:, 1877
2184:, 1924
2151:, 1895
2138:, 1895
2125:, 1840
2102:, 1794
2089:, 1892
2076:, 1802
2043:, 1860
2020:, 1820
2007:, 1803
2005:Meigen
1994:, 1920
1992:Becker
1961:, 1840
1938:, 1886
1925:, 1852
1923:Walker
1912:, 1844
1889:, 1868
1876:, 1840
1793:, 1758
1776:, 1856
1693:, 1877
1680:, 1860
1667:, 1872
1654:, 1820
1641:, 1913
1639:Becker
1628:, 1856
1615:, 1763
1602:, 1840
1589:, 1877
1576:, 1891
1563:, 1817
1550:, 1966
1548:Hennig
1527:, 1934
1504:, 1894
1481:, 1840
1468:, 1858
1455:, 1840
1432:, 1925
1395:Genera
1381:Usiini
1132:
726:mating
589:labium
558:mimics
437:larvae
400:pollen
396:nectar
392:genera
384:family
360:pollen
356:nectar
340:family
338:are a
214:, 1802
7117:50674
7073:IRMNG
7065:51558
7026:10889
6987:622GM
6948:17401
4463:S2CID
4420:S2CID
4215:India
4118:Xenox
4098:Wurda
4068:Villa
3892:Bigot
3853:Bezzi
3827:Bigot
3765:Bezzi
3610:Bezzi
3597:Bezzi
3564:Bezzi
3469:Bezzi
3433:Bezzi
3420:Bigot
3364:Bigot
3285:Bezzi
3189:Bezzi
3127:Bezzi
2742:Bezzi
2679:Bezzi
2656:Bezzi
2555:Bezzi
2542:Bezzi
2511:Geron
2398:Bigot
2324:Enica
2316:Bezzi
2182:Bezzi
2087:Bigot
1466:Bigot
1430:Bezzi
987:Japan
863:Villa
827:Villa
790:Villa
704:Larva
604:alula
551:Adult
445:wasps
388:flies
344:flies
7112:NCBI
7086:ITIS
7052:7285
7047:GBIF
7008:EPPO
6956:BOLD
4714:link
4696:PMID
4596:ISBN
4579:ISBN
4369:ISBN
4346:ISBN
4311:The
4035:Usia
4004:Loew
3866:Loew
3778:Loew
3541:Loew
3163:Loew
2827:Loew
2687:Kapu
2664:Inyo
2630:Loew
2591:Loew
2421:Loew
2290:Loew
2231:Loew
2041:Loew
1910:Loew
1791:1758
1678:Loew
1665:Loew
1626:Loew
1091:and
1071:and
866:and
820:and
804:, a
625:The
503:any
501:cite
414:bees
398:and
378:The
358:and
334:The
46:PreꞒ
7099:NBN
7000:497
6995:EoL
6982:CoL
6974:185
6961:639
6933:AFD
6920:ADW
4686:PMC
4676:doi
4534:doi
4455:doi
4443:100
4410:doi
4295:on
2108:Cyx
938:,
930:,
926:,
514:by
443:or
386:of
342:of
7172::
7150::
7137::
7114::
7101::
7088::
7075::
7062::
7049::
7036::
7023::
7010::
6997::
6984::
6971::
6958::
6935::
6922::
6907::
6892::
4802:.
4743:^
4710:}}
4706:{{
4694:.
4670:.
4666:.
4530:60
4528:.
4524:.
4503::
4461:.
4453:.
4441:.
4418:.
4408:.
4398:51
4396:.
4392:.
4360:^
4245:,
4213:,
4209:,
1789:,
946:,
942:,
934:,
902:.
876:.
846:.
834:.
428:.
96:Pg
4877:e
4870:t
4863:v
4804:5
4737:.
4716:)
4702:.
4678::
4672:3
4602:.
4585:.
4542:.
4536::
4469:.
4457::
4449::
4426:.
4412::
4404::
4354:.
4217:.
541:)
535:(
530:)
526:(
522:.
508:.
101:N
91:K
86:J
81:T
76:P
71:C
66:D
61:S
56:O
51:Ꞓ
20:)
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