Bowhead whale - Knowledge (XXG)

1913: 1320: 1893: 1524:(BCB) bowhead. The quota has remained at 67 strikes per year since 1998 and represents about 0.5 percent of BCB population. The population of bowheads in West Greenland and Canada is estimated to be 6,000 and rising, and hunts in this are minimal (<0.001 percent). Both stocks are rising, and the indigenous hunts seem to be self-sustaining. Orca are also known predators. There is no consensus on the number of deaths by orca. Bowheads seek the ice and shallow waters' safety when threatened by orca. The Inuit have a traditional word for this behavior to give historical context that this is not a new phenomenon. Global warming is increasing the frequency that orca are observed in the far north. A once-rare event, orca are now seen more frequently. 1988: 1536: 741: 878: 749: 1627:

shifted to the Sea of Okhotsk, where 100–160 ships cruised annually. During 1858–1860, the ships shifted back to the Bering Strait region, where the majority of the fleet cruised during the summer until the early 20th century. An estimated 18,600 bowheads were killed in the Bering Strait region between 1848 and 1914, with 60% of the total being reached within the first two decades. An estimated 18,000 bowheads were killed in the Sea of Okhotsk during 1847–1867, 80% in the first decade.

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the surveyors believed there was no significant decline in 2011-2019 due to the unusual conditions of whale migration and observation in 2019. The yearly growth rate of the Western Arctic bowhead population was 3.7% from 1978 to 2011. These data suggest that the Western Arctic bowhead stock may be near its precommercial whaling level. Migration patterns of this population are being affected by

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a male of 16.2 m (53 ft 2 in) and a female of 18 m (59 ft), both landed in Alaska. On average, female bowheads are larger than males. The adults would have likely measured 19 metres (62 ft) in length and 80 metric tons (88 short tons) in body mass, but larger individuals (like the one claimed in 1850) may weigh up to 100 metric tons (110 short tons).

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can reach a depth down to 150 m (500 ft). It is a slow swimmer, normally travelling around 2–5 km/h (1–3 mph) . When fleeing from danger, it can travel at a speed of 10 km/h (6.2 mph) . During periods of feeding, the average swim speed is increased to 1.1–2.5 m/s (4.0–9.0 km/h).

1277:. Cow – calf pairs and juveniles up to 13.5 m (44 ft 3 in) in length make up the majority of summering aggregation in the northern Foxe Basin, while matured males and noncalving females may use the northwestern part of Hudson Bay. Fewer whales also migrate to the west coast of Hudson Bay and 1471:

It is unclear whether this population is a remnant of the historic Svalbard group, recolonized individuals from other stocks, or if a mixing of these two or more stocks has taken place. In 2015, discoveries of the refuge along eastern Greenland where whaling ships could not reach due to ice floes and

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In March 2008, Canada's Department of Fisheries and Oceans stated the previous estimates in the eastern Arctic had undercounted, with a new estimate of 14,400 animals (range 4,800–43,000). These larger numbers correspond to prewhaling estimates, indicating the population has fully recovered. However,

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Alaskan Natives continue to hunt small numbers of bowhead whales for subsistence purposes. The Alaska Eskimo Whaling Commission co-manages the bowhead subsistence harvest with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. The Alaskan villages that participate in the bowhead subsistence harvest

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hanging from each side of the upper jaw. The mouth has a large, upturning lip on the lower jaw that helps to reinforce and hold the baleen plates within the mouth. This also prevents buckling or breakage of the plates from the pressure of the water passing through them as the whale advances. To feed,

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The bowhead whale is not a social animal, typically travelling alone or in small pods of up to six. It is able to dive and remain submerged under water for up to an hour. The time spent under water in a single dive is usually limited to 9–18 minutes. The bowhead is not thought to be a deep diver, but

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used in vessels, toys, and housing material has shown that Arctic bowhead whales have lost a significant portion of their genetic diversity in the past 500 years. Bowheads originally crossed ice-covered inlets and straits to exchange genes between Atlantic and Pacific populations. This conclusion was

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Sexual activity occurs between pairs and in boisterous groups of several males and one or two females. Breeding season is observed from March through August; conception is believed to occur primarily in March when song activity is at its highest. Reproduction can begin when a whale is 10 to 15 years

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around 1800, that was allegedly nearly 21.3 m (69 ft 11 in) long. In 1850, an American vessel claimed to have caught a 24.54 m (80 ft 6 in) individual in the Western Arctic. Whether these lengths were actually measured is questionable. The longest reliably measured were

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group. The original population size of this local group is unclear, but possibly about 500 to 600 whales annually summered in the northwestern part of the bay in the 1860s. It is likely that the number of whales that actually inhabit Hudson Bay is much smaller than the total population size of this

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The Western Arctic bowhead population, also known as the Bering-Chukchi-Beaufort population, has recovered since the commercial harvest of this stock ceased in the early 1900s. A 2019 study estimated that the Western Arctic population was 12,505; although it was lower than the 2011 value of 16,820,

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of a model manufactured between 1879 and 1885, so the whale was probably bomb lanced sometime between those years, and its age at the time of death was estimated at between 115 and 130 years. Spurred by this discovery, scientists measured the ages of other bowhead whales; one specimen was estimated

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the practice was common to line properties with fences of whale bones, not as status symbols or trophy displays, but just using the available resources on the treeless islands. The bones were mostly taken from the mandibles of bowhead whales. Two of these fences are still in place on the island of

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region. By 1849, 50 ships were hunting bowheads in each area; in the Bering Strait, 500 whales were killed that year, and that number jumped to more than 2000 in 1850. By 1852, 220 ships were cruising around the Bering Strait region, which killed over 2,600 whales. Between 1854 and 1857, the fleet

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debate. Authorities have repeatedly recategorized the three populations of right whale plus the bowhead whale, as one, two, three or four species, either in a single genus or in two separate genera. Eventually, it was recognized that bowheads and right whales were different, but there was still no

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Bowhead whales are highly vocal and use low frequency (<1000 Hz) sounds to communicate while travelling, feeding, and socialising. Intense calls for communication and navigation are produced especially during migration season. During breeding season, bowheads make long, complex, variable

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Generally, five stocks of bowhead whales are recognized: 1) the Western Arctic stock in the Bering, Chukchi, and Beaufort Seas, 2) the Hudson Bay and Foxe Basin stock, 3) the Baffin Bay and Davis Strait stock, 4) the Sea of Okhotsk stock, and 5) the Svalbard-Barents Sea stock. However, recent

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is also important in DNA repair. These mutations enable bowhead whales to better repair DNA damage, allowing for greater resistance to cancer. The whale's genome may also reveal physiological adaptations such as having low metabolic rates compared to other mammals. Changes in the gene

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had taken place. Moulting behaviours had never or seldom been documented for this species before. This area is an important habitat for whales that were observed to be relatively active and to interact with humans positively, or to rest on sea floors. These whales belong to

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Bowheads have the largest mouth of any animal representing almost one-third of the length of the body, the longest baleen plates with a maximum length of 4 metres (13 feet), and may be the longest-lived mammals, with the ability to reach an age of more than 200 years.

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include Barrow, Point Hope, Point Lay, Wainwright, Nuiqsut, Kaktovik, Gambell, Savoonga, Kivalina, Wales, and Little Diomede. The annual subsistence harvest of the Western Arctic stock has ranged from 14 to 72, amounting to an estimated 0.1-0.5% of the population.

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is the longest of that of any whale, at 3 m (10 ft), and is used to strain tiny prey from the water. The bowhead whale has paired blowholes at the highest point of the head, which can spout a blow 6.1 m (20 ft 0 in) high. The bowhead's

982:. Within 30 minutes of birth, bowhead calves are able to swim on their own. A newborn calf is typically 4–4.5 m (13–15 ft) long, weighs roughly 1,000 kg (2,200 lb), and grows to 8.2 m (26 ft 11 in) within the first year. 1892: 2698: 854:. This organ is thought to provide a mechanism of cooling for the whale (which is normally protected from the cold Arctic waters by 40 cm or 16 in or more of fat). During physical exertion, the whale must cool itself to prevent 4155: 2421:

The taxonomy is not in doubt. ... Concerning common names, the species was once commonly known in the North Atlantic and adjacent Arctic as the Greenland Right Whale. However, the common name Bowhead Whale is now generally used for the

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organ. The bulbous ridge of highly vascularized tissue, the corpus cavernosum maxillaris, extends along the centre of the hard plate, forming two large lobes at the rostral palate. The tissue is histologically similar to that of the

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largest numbers of whales (80–100 individuals) ever sighted between Spitsbergen and Greenland indicate that more whales than previously considered survived whaling periods, and flows from the other populations are possible.

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services, which are mostly land-based. According to Russian scientists, this total population likely does not exceed 400 animals. Scientific research on this population was seldom done before 2009, when researchers studying

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Foote, A. D.; Kaschner, K.; Schultze, S. E.; Garilao, C.; Ho, S. Y. W.; Post, K.; Higham, T. F. G.; Stokowska, C.; Van Der Es, H.; Embling, C. B.; Gregersen, K.; Johansson, F.; Willerslev, E.; Gilbert, M. T. P. (2013).

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group, but reports from local indigenous people indicate that this population is increasing over decades. Larger portions of the bay are used for summering, while wintering is on a smaller scale. Some animals winter in

1032:. Although the bowhead whale has thousands of times more cells than other mammals, it has a much higher resistance to cancer and aging. In 2015, scientists from the US and UK were able to successfully map the whale's 4784:" of the Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals (CMS). As amended by the Conference of the Parties in 1985, 1988, 1991, 1994, 1997, 1999, 2002, 2005, and 2008. Effective: 5 March 2009. 2997:

George, John C.; Bada, Jeffrey; Zeh, Judith; Scott, Laura; Brown, Stephen E.; O'Hara, Todd; Suydam, Robert (1999). "Age and growth estimates of bowhead whales (Balaena mysticetus) via aspartic acid racemization".

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in the 18th century, was once thought to be a North Atlantic right whale. Based on later DNA analysis, those fossil bones claimed to be from Swedenborg whales were confirmed to be from bowhead whales.

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Jr., the longest bowhead he measured was 17.7 m (58 ft 1 in) long, while the longest measurement he had ever heard of was of a 20.4 m (66 ft 11 in) whale caught at

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lineage, distinct from the bowhead, and that the bowhead and the right whales are rightly classified into two separate genera. The right whales were thus confirmed to be in a separate genus,

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evidence suggests that the Hudson Bay and Foxe Basin stock and the Baffin Bay and Davis Strait stock should be considered one stock based on genetics and movements of tagged whales.

3073: 1558:, bones, and baleen. Like the right whale, it swims slowly, and floats after death, making it ideal for whaling. Before commercial whaling, they were estimated to number 50,000. 1562:

sites indicate bowhead whales were eaten in sites from perhaps 4000 BC. Inuit people near the Pacific developed specific hunting tools, with the whales providing food and fuel.

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Genetic studies suggest Okhotsk population share common ancestry with whales in Bering-Chukchi-Beaufort Seas, and repeated mixings had occurred between whales in the two seas.

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is the first wildlife sanctuary in the world to be designed specially for bowhead whales. However, moultings have not been recorded in this area due to environmental factors.

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Field, Daniel J.; Boessenecker, Robert; Racicot, Rachel A.; Ásbjörnsdóttir, Lovísa; Jónasson, Kristján; Hsiang, Allison Y.; Behlke, Adam D.; Vinther, Jakob (1 March 2017).

3624: 1367:(although this record might be of a right whale). The first documented report of the species in Japanese waters was of a strayed infant (7 m or 23 ft) caught in 918:

water is filtered through the fine hairs of keratin of the baleen plates, trapping the prey inside near the tongue where it is then swallowed. The diet consists of mostly

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was founded on Spitsbergen in 1619. By midcentury, the population(s) there had practically been wiped out, forcing whalers to voyage into the "West Ice"—the pack ice off

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During expeditions by a tour operator 'Arctic Kingdom', a large group of bowheads seemingly involved in courtship activities was discovered in very shallow bays south of

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that could be responsible for the whale's longevity were identified. These two specific gene mutations linked to the bowhead whale's ability to live longer are the

858:(and ultimately brain damage). This organ becomes engorged with blood, and as the whale opens its mouth cold seawater flows over the organ, thus cooling the blood. 395:

waters, and is named after its characteristic massive triangular skull, which it uses to break through Arctic ice. Other common names of the species included the

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System of nature through the three kingdoms of nature, according to the classes, orders, genera, species, with the characters, the differences, synonyms, places.

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This bowhead subsistence hunting occurs during the northward spring migrations based from the ice and from small boats during the returning fall migrations.

3605: 1285:. Bowhead ranges within Hudson Bay are usually considered not to cover southern parts, but at least some whales migrate to locations further south such as 1119:

Historically, bowhead whales' range may have been broader and more southerly than currently thought. Bowheads were abundant around Labrador, Newfoundland (

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hunters have reported bowheads surfacing through 60 cm (24 in) of ice. It also possesses a strongly bowed lower jaw and a narrow upper jaw. Its

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Rosenbaum, H.C.; Brownell, R.L. Jr.; Brown, M.W.; Schaeff, C.; Portway, V.; White, B.N.; et al. (2000). "World-wide genetic differentiation of

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noticed concentrations of bowheads in the study area. Thus, bowheads in the Sea of Okhotsk were once called "forgotten whales" by researchers. The

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until at least the 16th and 17th centuries. It is unclear whether this was due to the colder climate during these periods. The distribution of

7198: 4602: 4163: 3664: 3587: 2480: 2443: 2095: 838:, from the 16th century to the 19th, is supposed to have reduced the whales' summer habitats, which explains the loss of genetic diversity. 7319: 4888: 4307: 3892: 2240: 4781: 4684: 1016:, Australia's national science agency, estimated that bowhead whales' maximum natural lifespan is 268 years based on genetic analysis. 7314: 7029: 4671: 1678: 1497: 1400:

The most endangered but historically largest of all bowhead populations is the Svalbard/Spitsbergen population. Occurring normally in

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Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis

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Congregation within Foxe Basin occurs in a well-defined area of 3,700 km (1,100 sq nmi) north of Igloolik Island to

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The head of the bowhead whale comprises a third of its body length, creating an enormous feeding apparatus. The bowhead whale is a

1610:, Captain Thomas Sodring, in 1845. In 1847, the first bowheads were caught in the Sea of Okhotsk, and the following year, Captain 951:

songs for mating calls. Many tens of distinct songs are sung by a population in a single season. From 2010 through to 2014, near

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strong consensus as to whether they shared a single genus or two. As recently as 1998, Dale Rice listed just two species –

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typically lasts about a year. To survive in the cold water immediately after birth, calves are born with a thick layer of

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in summer. Satellite tracking indicates that some portions of the group within the bay do not venture further south than

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to be 211 years old. Other bowhead whales were estimated to be between 135 and 172 years old. This discovery showed the

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The bowhead whale is listed in Appendix I of the Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals (

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Commercial bowhead whaling began in the 16th century when the Basques killed them as they migrated south through the

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Reilly, S.B.; Bannister, J.L.; Best, P.B.; Brown, M.; Brownell, R.L. Jr.; Butterworth, D.S.; et al. (2012).

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if climate change substantially shrinks sea ice, these whales could be threatened by increased shipping traffic.

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Commercial whaling, the principal cause of the population decline, is over. Bowhead whales are now hunted on a

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In the North Pacific, the first bowheads were taken off the eastern coast of Kamchatka by the Danish whaleship

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The Alaska Department of Fish and Game and the USA government list the bowhead whale as federally endangered.

7281: 4860: 3234:"Ancient DNA reveals that bowhead whale lineages survived Late Pleistocene climate change and habitat shifts" 2924: 2341: 6549: 6357: 5541: 3878: 2553: 1096:

The bowhead whale is the only baleen whale to spend its entire life in the Arctic and subarctic waters. The

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regions, these whales were seen in entire coastal regions in European and Russian Arctic, even reaching to

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The status of other populations is less well known. About 1,200 were off West Greenland in 2006, while the

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Koski, William R., Rolph A. Davis, Gary W. Miller, and David E. Withrow (1993). "Reproduction", p. 245 in

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Studies in the 2000s finally provided clear evidence that the three living right whale species comprise a

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The bowhead whale has a large, robust, dark-coloured body and a white chin. It has a massive triangular

474: 309: 4176: 3827: 2947:"SAFS Seminar: Kate Stafford, Scientific serendipity—unveiling the acoustic behavior of bowhead whales" 1363:

Possibly, vagrants from this population occasionally reach into Asian nations such as off Japan or the

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CBC News: For the first time in nearly 30 years, Aklavik, N.W.T., hunters can harvest a bowhead whale

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and north eastern Hudson Bay. Distribution patterns in these regions are affected by the presence of

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population. To learn more about the population, these mammals have been regularly observed near the

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population may only number in the tens. However, the numbers have been increasing in recent years.

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A greater number of cells present in an organism was once believed to result in greater chances of

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was passed to protect the species. Of the five stocks of bowhead populations, three are listed as "

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Occurrence, behavior and genetic diversity of bowhead whales in the Western Sea of Okhotsk, Russia

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spp. during the Pleistocene were far more southerly as fossils have been excavated from Italy and

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and other cetaceans, the bowhead whale has a vestigial pelvis that is not connected to the spine.

7242: 6772: 5995: 5804: 5795: 5780: 5771: 5500: 5491: 5194: 4218: 3748: 3703: 3420: 3176: 2973:""Bowhead [whales] are jazz," says researcher astonished by the diversity of their songs" 2751: 2535: 2043: 1727: 1254: 1231: 964: 728: 435: 431: 199: 6237: 6228: 5631: 5565: 5556: 4896: 4304: 3217:

Summary of systematic bowhead surveys conducted in the U.S. Beaufort and Chukchi Seas, 1975–2009

3048:"Can Marine Biology Help Us Live Forever? Bowhead Whale Can Live 200 Years, Is Cancer Resistant" 2778:"Natural History and Conservation of the Greenland Whale, or Bowhead, in the Northeast Atlantic" 2415: 1235: 7229: 7073: 3954:"Тур 'наблюдение за китами и плавание вдоль побережья Охотского моря и на Шантарските острова'" 3900: 2634:

Bockstoce, J. R., and J. J. Burns (1993). "Commercial Whaling in the North Pacific Sector". In

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An Account of the Arctic Regions with a History and a Description of the Northern Whale-Fishery

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Smith, Tim D.; Reeves, Randall R.; Josephson, Elizabeth A.; Lund, Judith N. (27 April 2012).

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on 23 June 1969, and the first live sighting was of a 10 m (33 ft) juvenile around

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in conjunction with individual village limits set by the Alaska Eskimo Whaling Commission.

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An unknown species of right whale, the so-called "Swedenborg whale", which was proposed by

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coasts. Also, bowheads in this stock were possibly once abundant in areas adjacent to the

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Bowheads were first taken along the pack ice in the northeastern Sea of Okhotsk, then in

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range in the Northern Hemisphere) on 21 to 23 June 2015. Fossils have been excavated on

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Distribution within Hudson Bay is mostly restricted to the northwestern part along with

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Woodby, D. A. and D. B. Botkin (1993). "Stock Sizes Prior to Commercial Whaling". In

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period is 13–14 months with females producing a calf once every three to four years.

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in 1821. For the next 180 years, the family Balaenidae was the subject of great

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Philo, L. M., E. B. Shotts, and J. C. George (1993). "Morbidity and Mortality." In

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Reeves, Randall; Mitchell, Edward; Mansfield, Arthur; McLaughlin, Michele (1983).

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Eighteenth-century engraving showing Dutch whalers hunting bowhead whales in the

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in 2012. Floating skins and rubbing behaviours at sea bottom indicated possible

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from 1974 following an expedition that searches out and meets the bowhead and

4938: 4214: 4183:. Environmental Monitoring of Svalbard and Jan Mayen. retrieved on 27 May 2014 3928: 3440:"Sea ice directs changes in bowhead whale phenology through the Bering Strait" 2664:

George, J.; Rugh, D.; Suydam, R. (2018). "Bowhead Whale: Balaena mysticetus".

2005: 1994: 1943: 1859: 1849: 1845: 1835: 1751: 1705: 1697: 1586: 1569:

in the fall and early winter. In 1611, the first whaling expedition sailed to

1417: 1376: 1286: 1202: 1198: 1194: 1101: 1057: 1004: 871: 795: 545: 371: 276: 93: 58: 6894: 4617:

Vaughan, R. (1984). "Historical survey of the European whaling industry". In

3019: 2314: 1780: 1012:

of the bowhead whale is much greater than originally thought. Researchers at

7016: 6531: 6393: 5257: 5212: 4001: 3415: 2105: 1578: 1555: 1449: 1445: 1433: 1368: 1301: 1246: 1139: 1025: 1009: 1003:

coast was discovered with the 90 mm (3.5 in) head of an explosive

975: 971: 955:, 184 distinct songs were recorded from a population of around 300 animals. 952: 935: 557: 525: 520: 392: 216: 98: 42: 7034: 4072: 3979: 3483: 3267: 2864: 2846: 2747: 2531: 2188: 1669:

Inuit man and child standing on bowhead whale after a 2002 subsistence hunt

1468:

is possibly functioning as the most important habitat for this population.

841:

A 2013 discovery has clarified the function of the bowhead's large palatal

4546:

Ross, W. G. (1993). "Commercial Whaling in the North Atlantic Sector". In

2827:"Behaviour and Kinematics of Continuous Ram Filtration in Bowhead Whales ( 7190: 6946: 6888: 6292: 6265: 6177: 6118: 5911: 5714: 5031: 5019: 4968: 3011: 2602:

Haldiman, J. T. and R. J. Tarpley (1993). "Anatomy & Physiology". In

2306: 1823: 1631: 1485: 1413: 1380: 1262: 1182: 927: 384: 236: 88: 83: 68: 63: 53: 6995: 4156:

Musée des Matériaux du Centre de Recherche sur les Monuments Historiques

3863: 3842: 7276: 7047: 6338: 6204: 6100: 6091: 5747: 5167: 5000: 3757: 3698: 3681: 3331: 3258: 3233: 3201:

Moore, S. E., and R. R. Reeves (1993). "Distribution and Movement". In

2806: 1788: 1784: 1689: 1551: 1547: 1425: 1250: 1129: 1037: 979: 914: 777: 724:, found in a South American deposit dating back 23 million years. 658: 419: 379: 363: 286: 266: 103: 78: 17: 4254:

Franz Josef Land Expedition: First Look at Post-Expedition Discoveries

2825:

Simmon, Malene; Johnson, Mark; Tyack, Peter; Madsen, Peter T. (2009).

798:—an adaptation for spending much time under sea-surface ice. Like the 7060: 6931: 5828: 5025: 5013: 3215: 2738: 2717: 2056: 1776: 1540: 1429: 1097: 1033: 1029: 1000: 910: 826: 780:

is the thickest of any animal's, with a maximum of 43–50 cm (17–

772: 764: 388: 246: 226: 6865: 4593:

Whales, Ice, & Men: The History of Whaling in the Western Arctic

4440:

The Bowhead Whale Balaena mysticetus: Biology and Human Interactions

3824:"MPO – Recherche sur les mammifères marins au Canada – MPO Sciences" 3177:"The bowhead whale lives over 200 years. Can its genes tell us why?" 438:", and one as "lower risk, conservation dependent" according to the 7021: 4685:

In hunt for bowhead whale, Alaska Native village preserves its past

4086: 3538: 3536: 3121:"Researchers hope this whale's genes will help reverse human aging" 7250: 6412: 6403: 6302: 4752: 4410: 4269:

WIIG Ø., Bachmann L., Janik M.V., Kovacs M.K., Lydersen C., 2007.

4240: 2090:(3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 723–743. 2023: 1804: 1685: 1664: 1591: 1534: 1318: 1082: 1042: 1013: 931: 923: 876: 865: 851: 768: 760: 747: 739: 487: 375: 189: 183: 7008: 3956:(in Russian). Arcticexpedition.ru. 15 August 2000. Archived from 3650:

COSEWIC Assessment and Update Status Report on the Bowhead Whale

3603:

Species Profile (Bowhead Whale) – Species at Risk Public Registry

2438:. Special Publication. Vol. 4. Society of Marine Mammalogy. 2087:

Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference

1852:

stock – vulnerable (estimated to be 1,026 individuals in 2005 by

7203: 6348: 5756: 3438:

Szesciorka, Angela R.; Stafford, Kathleen M. (7 February 2023).

3220:. U.S. Dep. Commer., NOAA Tech. Memo. NMFS-AFSC-237. p. 48. 1219: 1067: 1048: 825:

Analysis of hundreds of DNA samples from living whales and from

6869: 5380: 5062: 4972: 3612:. Registrelep-sararegistry.gc.ca. Retrieved on 5 November 2016. 2668:(Third ed.). Princeton: Academic Press. pp. 133–135. 1452:

region, where few or no animals currently migrate, such as the

4883:. Office of Protected Resources, NOAA Fisheries. October 2013. 2215:

The Marine Mammals of the North-Western Coast of North America

2137: 2135: 2133: 817:, Greenland, in early 1813. He also spoke of one, caught near 805:

Bowhead whales are comparable in size to the three species of

794: in). Unlike most cetaceans, the bowhead does not have a 4748: 4562:

Floating Coast: An Environmental History of the Bering Strait

4406: 4236: 2921:"Bowhead Whale : Baleen Whales : Voices in the Sea" 1736:

continue by tradition to hunt bowhead and beluga whales on a

4675:, Riley Woodford, November 2003. Retrieved 21 November 2016. 2463:

Eubalaena glacialis, E. japonica, and E. australis

4810:

Burns, J. J.; Montague, J. J.; Cowles, C. J., eds. (1993).

4693:, Julia O'Malley July 25, 2015. Retrieved 21 November 2016. 3879:"Bowhead Whale in Churchill Waters – Churchill Polar Bears" 2890:. American Cetacean Society. Retrieved on 16 November 2015. 2718:"An intraoral thermoregulatory organ in the bowhead whale ( 1696:

were permitted to hunt and kill one bowhead whale with the

1075:, can explain differences in the metabolic rates in cells. 4619:

Arctic Whaling: Proceedings of the International Symposium

3214:

Smultea, M.; Fertl, D.; Rugh, D. J.; Bacon, C. E. (2012).

2554:"Whale bones found in highway were not from mystery whale" 1638:). Soon, ships expanded to the west, catching them around 1360:

welcomed the creation of a nature sanctuary in the region

718:

The earlier fossil record shows no related cetacean after

3530:

Monster Jam. Northwest Fisheries Science Center, Seattle.

3517:. Cbc.ca (16 April 2008). Retrieved on 15 September 2011. 2436:

Marine Mammals of the World: Systematics and distribution

1811:

as "endangered" under the auspices of the United States'

4351:. Russian Arctic National Park. retrieved on 24 May 2014 4314:. Russian Geographical Society. retrieved on 24 May 2014 4148:

Background Document for Bowhead whale Balaena mysticetus

3362:"Bowhead Whale: Western Arctic Stock (December 30 2015)" 1646:. In the Western Arctic, they mainly caught them in the 1242:, and whales still migrate through most of these areas. 1100:

population spends the winter months in the southwestern

4002:"WWF приветствует создание нацпарка в Хабаровском крае" 3528:"Foraging Ecology of Bowhead Whales in West Greenland." 3115: 3113: 1740:

level, with low annual bowhead total quotas set by the

1527:

There are no reports of attacks on bowheads by sharks.

4814:. Lawrence, Kansas: The Society for Marine Mammalogy. 3810:"June 2014: Bowheads and breaking ice – Thin Ice Blog" 2820: 2818: 2816: 1918:

Cavorting whale in northwestern part of Sea of Okhotsk

2716:

Ford, T. J. Jr.; Werth, A. J.; George, J. C. (2013).

2590:

Lowry, L. F. (1993). "Foods and Feeding Ecology". In

1747:

Bowhead hunting is limited to whaling crews who are:

4913:"Harpoon may prove whale was at least 115 years old" 3561: 3559: 3399:) abundance estimate from the 2019 ice-based survey" 3393:

Givens, G; George, JC; Suydam, R; Tudor, B. (2021).

2771: 2769: 2767: 2765: 2699:"Bowhead whales lost genetic diversity, study shows" 6878: 6827: 6803: 6636: 6612: 6571: 6529: 6512: 6484: 6475: 6438: 6429: 6401: 6392: 6346: 6337: 6300: 6291: 6263: 6254: 6226: 6175: 6134: 6117: 6089: 6065: 6056: 5993: 5969: 5909: 5850: 5817: 5793: 5769: 5745: 5712: 5671: 5602: 5578: 5554: 5513: 5489: 5465: 5414: 5397: 5340: 5331: 5303: 5279: 5183: 5166: 5112: 5088: 5079: 4749:

Bowhead Whale, Walrus and Polar Bears of Foxe Basin

3922: 3920: 3918: 1464:. The waters around the marine mammal sanctuary of 4952:. The TerraMar Project. March 2016. Archived from 4915:. World History Blog. October 2013. Archived from 4590: 3980:"Фотография: Киты подходят совсем близко к берегу" 3843:"Distribution and Migration of the Bowhead Whale, 2500:: Questioning the number of right whale species". 2120:"Balaena mysticetus Linnaeus 1758 (bowhead whale)" 4407:Polar Bears and Glaciers of Baffin Island Webinar 1046:gene and the proliferating cell nuclear antigen ( 4839:. BBC Ocean Giants. October 2013. Archived from 4755:. Arctic Kingdom. 2011. retrieved on 9 June 2014 4729:"Römös Sehenswürdigkeiten | Zaun aus Walknochen" 4667:Alaska's Population of Bowhead Whales Rebounding 4584: 4582: 4413:. Arctic Kingdom. 2014. retrieved on 9 June 2014 3627:, Stock status report E5–52. DFO Science, Canada 1585:, and by the first quarter of the 19th century, 1512:(IWC) introduced a hunting strike quota for the 4489:National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 4199:) in Northeast Greenland and the Greenland Sea" 3643: 3641: 3639: 3637: 3635: 3633: 2575:Würsig, B. and C. Clark (1993). "Behavior". In 463:named this species in the tenth edition of his 3726:Cosens, Susan E.; Innes, Stuart (March 2000). 3093:"Genetic 'clock' predicts lifespan in animals" 1137:, thus could have overlapped between those of 830:derived from analyzing maternal lineage using 752:Stamp showing drawing of mother and calf from 712:, in the family Balaenidae (extant taxa only) 4984: 4522:"Giants of the Deep: A Prehistory of Whaling" 3728:"Distribution and Numbers of Bowhead Whales ( 3395:"Bering-Chukchi-Beaufort Seas bowhead whale ( 2167:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-1.RLTS.T2467A50347659.en 1993:Bowhead whale ranges – map centered over the 1581:'s east coast. By 1719, they had reached the 374:and is the only living representative of the 8: 4812:The Bowhead Whale. Special Publication No. 2 4475: 4473: 4471: 4381:"Exceptional sighting of 80+ Bowhead Whales" 4303:Nefedova T., Gavrilo M., Gorshkov S., 2013. 3515:Eastern Arctic bowhead whales not threatened 1323:Whale spyhops in Ulbansky Bay, northwestern 1112:seas. The whale's range varies depending on 648: (right whales) 4704:"Heimatverein Borkum rettet Walknochenzaun" 4438:George, J. C.; Thewissen, J. G. M. (2020). 2876: 2874: 2647: 2645: 2643: 2630: 2628: 2416:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2012.RLTS.T2467A17879018.en 1870:stock – lower risk – conservation dependent 6866: 6526: 6481: 6435: 6398: 6343: 6297: 6260: 6131: 6062: 5411: 5394: 5377: 5337: 5180: 5085: 5076: 5059: 4991: 4977: 4969: 4565:. W. W. Norton & Company. p. 40. 4397:. Arctic Kingdom. retrieved on 9 June 2014 4130:MacLean, Stephen Ahgeak (1 January 2002). 834:. Whaling and climatic cooling during the 442:. The global population is assessed as of 337: 161: 137: 128: 31: 4062: 4052: 3982:(in Russian). Turizmvnn.ru. 16 April 2011 3862: 3747: 3721: 3719: 3717: 3697: 3620: 3618: 3473: 3463: 3414: 3342:1983/953db179-65ed-45e2-9c9e-e8d708ae7e75 3340: 3330: 3257: 2854: 2796: 2737: 2586: 2584: 2571: 2569: 2567: 2414: 2165: 2076:Mead, J. G.; Brownell, R. L. Jr. (2005). 1257:(one of two main known summering areas), 4395:New Bowhead Whale Molting Location Found 4329:) sighting in the Franz Josef Land area. 4195:"Recent sightings of the bowhead whale ( 3680:Cosens, Susan E.; Innes, Stuart (2003). 1722:Subsistence hunting of the bowhead whale 1476:Possible moulting area off Baffin Island 995:Bowhead whales are considered to be the 4621:, pp. 121–145. University of Groningen. 4433: 4431: 4429: 4427: 4425: 4423: 4421: 4419: 3847:, in the Eastern North American Arctic" 3566:Higdon, J. W.; Ferguson, S. H. (2010). 3356: 3354: 3352: 2068: 1888: 1803:The bowhead is listed in Appendix I by 1335:Not much is known about the endangered 4895:. ARKive. October 2013. Archived from 1343:, very close to the shore, such as at 4771:. Alaskan Department of Fish and Game 763:, which it uses to break through the 7: 7282:9A3B1DAD-0793-4CB0-A085-E2D213846E60 4837:"Bowhead whale: 200 year old whales" 4271:Spitsbergen Bowhead Whales Revisited 3929:"Второе рождение гренландского кита" 3625:Hudson Bay-Foxe Basin bowhead whales 2722:), the corpus cavernosum maxillaris" 2697:Eilperin, Juliet (18 October 2012). 2475:. Academic Press. pp. 962–969. 1906:, in the northwestern Sea of Okhotsk 1261:, northern Foxe Basin, and north of 1036:. Through comparative analysis, two 1028:that cause age-related diseases and 577: (North Atlantic right whale) 483:Today, the bowhead whale occupies a 7305:IUCN Red List least concern species 4136:(Thesis). Texas A&M University. 3893:"Churchill Northern Studies Centre" 3779:"Coral Harbour – Land and Wildlife" 2402:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2153:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 1654:. They later spread to the western 1622:, caught the first bowheads in the 1116:and on the forming/melting of ice. 605: (North Pacific right whale) 591: 564: 552: 540: 524:. The relationship is shown in the 4672:Alaska Department of Fish and Game 4597:. University of Washington Press. 4286:Johannessen, R. (19 October 2011) 3732:) In Northwest Hudson Bay in 1995" 3526:Laidre, Kristin (22 January 2009) 3294:from the original on 1 April 2010. 2674:10.1016/B978-0-12-804327-1.00075-3 1969:Whale showing one of pectoral fins 1826:population – critically endangered 146:Size compared to an average human 27:Baleen whale endemic to the Arctic 25: 6013:Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphin ( 4305:Летом в Арктике стало меньше льда 3897:Churchill Northern Studies Centre 1809:National Marine Fisheries Service 1757:St Lawrence Island Siberian Yupik 1498:Niginganiq National Wildlife Area 1060:and increased cancer resistance. 4933:"In Search of the Bowhead Whale" 4363:"Secret whale refuge discovered" 3927:Shpak, Olga (19 February 2014). 3502:Alaska Eskimo Whaling Commission 3153:. 5 January 2015. Archived from 2971:Micu, Alexandru (5 April 2018). 2524:10.1046/j.1365-294x.2000.01066.x 2268:"Bowhead Whale | NOAA Fisheries" 2266:Fisheries, NOAA (27 June 2019). 2218:, New York: G.P. Putnam's Sons, 2142:Cooke, J.G.; Reeves, R. (2018). 2036: 2022: 2008: 1986: 1974: 1962: 1950: 1935: 1923: 1911: 1891: 1742:International Whaling Commission 1650:, the Bering Strait, and around 1510:International Whaling Commission 1201:population is distinct from the 203: 6154:Indo-Pacific finless porpoise ( 6031:Tamanend's bottlenose dolphin ( 5879:Indian Ocean humpback dolphin ( 5870:Indo-Pacific humpback dolphin ( 1679:native peoples of North America 809:. According to whaling captain 5700:Southern right whale dolphin ( 5691:Northern right whale dolphin ( 5623:Atlantic white-sided dolphin ( 4347:Scalini I. (19 February 2014) 4117:"いしかり博物誌／第5回 - 北海道石狩市公式ホームページ" 2901:"Balaena mysticetus (Bowhead)" 2666:Encyclopedia of Marine Mammals 2473:Encyclopedia of Marine Mammals 1597:The Chase of the Bowhead Whale 624: (Southern right whale) 383:. It is the only baleen whale 1: 7325:Cetaceans of the Arctic Ocean 6737:Deraniyagala's beaked whale ( 6710:Ginkgo-toothed beaked whale ( 5921:Pantropical spotted dolphin ( 5888:Australian humpback dolphin ( 5650:Pacific white-sided dolphin ( 4361:Walker, Matt (21 July 2015). 4256:. Pristine Seas Expeditions. 4237:Arctic shorts – bowhead whale 494:, as proposed by the work of 422:target. Their population was 5733:Australian snubfin dolphin ( 5141:North Atlantic right whale ( 4393:Lennartz T. (29 April 2013) 4383:. oceanwide-expeditions.com. 4275:Society for Marine Mammalogy 4119:. city.ishikari.hokkaido.jp. 4054:10.1371/journal.pone.0034905 2471:; Thewissen, J.G.M. (eds.). 1396:Russian Arctic National Park 1347:. Several companies provide 870:Resting on water surface in 7320:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus 6683:Blainville's beaked whale ( 6624:Tropical bottlenose whale ( 6600:Southern bottlenose whale ( 6591:Northern bottlenose whale ( 6040:Common bottlenose dolphin ( 5897:Atlantic humpback dolphin ( 5150:North Pacific right whale ( 4323:European Cetacean Society. 4193:Gilg O.; Born W.E. (2004). 3580:10.1007/978-90-481-9121-5_8 3000:Canadian Journal of Zoology 2295:Canadian Journal of Zoology 2212:Scammon, Charles M. (1874) 1981:Tip of whitish chin visible 1770:In the 18th century on the 1712:communities in the region. 1546:The bowhead whale has been 1173:Baffin Bay and Davis Strait 1087:Drawing of an adult in 1884 881:Breaching off Alaskan coast 744:Skeleton of a bowhead whale 7366: 6782:Stejneger's beaked whale ( 6163:Yangtze finless porpoise ( 5948:Atlantic spotted dolphin ( 5533:Short-finned pilot whale ( 4559:Demuth, Bathsheba (2019). 4547: 4509: 4463: 4338:. retrieved on 24 May 2014 4294:. retrieved on 27 May 2014 4260:. retrieved on 24 May 2014 4166:. retrieved on 24 May 2014 4100:ホッキョククジラか、知床沖遊泳　国内観察は極めてまれ 3465:10.1186/s40462-023-00374-5 3202: 2652: 2635: 2615:Scoresby, William (1820). 2603: 2591: 2576: 2459:Kenney, Robert D. (2008). 1832:subpopulation – endangered 1725: 1719: 1393: 1143:based on those locations. 962: 889: 453: 7315:Mammals described in 1758 6815:Shepherd's beaked whale ( 6358:Araguaian river dolphin ( 5542:Long-finned pilot whale ( 5393: 5376: 5075: 5058: 5008: 4215:10.1007/s00300-005-0001-9 3543:Norwegian Polar Institute 2467:. In Perrin, William F.; 1573:. The whaling settlement 1189:Hudson Bay and Foxe Basin 892:Whale surfacing behaviour 708:The bowhead whale, genus 667: 616: 597: 589: 569: 562: 550: 418:The bowhead was an early 345: 336: 315: 308: 200:Scientific classification 198: 181: 159: 150: 145: 136: 127: 34: 6701:Gervais's beaked whale ( 6656:Sowerby's beaked whale ( 6367:Bolivian river dolphin ( 4589:Bockstoce, John (1986). 2951:University of Washington 2886:5 September 2015 at the 2084:; Reeder, D. M. (eds.). 1214:, most notably north of 370:belonging to the family 6839:Cuvier's beaked whale ( 6764:Perrin's beaked whale ( 6728:Hector's beaked whale ( 6692:Ramari's beaked whale ( 6665:Andrews' beaked whale ( 6541:Arnoux's beaked whale ( 6214:Burmeister's porpoise ( 5981:Rough-toothed dolphin ( 5405:(Oceanic dolphins) 5204:Antarctic minke whale ( 4935:. NFB.ca. October 2013. 4796:. Retrieved 1 June 2014 4277:. Retrieved 24 May 2014 4243:. Retrieved 2 June 2014 4235:Ritchie B. (June 2013) 3416:10.47536/jcrm.v22i1.230 3403:J. Cetacean Res. Manage 1898:Whales swimming in the 1783:, and small remains on 1704:, to be distributed to 1700:, an important part of 507:(the right whales) and 7340:ESA endangered species 6550:Baird's beaked whale ( 6450:Ganges river dolphin ( 6376:Amazon river dolphin ( 5757:Orca or killer whale ( 5681:(Right whale dolphins) 5614:White-beaked dolphin ( 5132:Southern right whale ( 4288:Dette er en sensasjon! 2847:10.1098/rspb.2009.1135 2434:Rice, Dale W. (1998). 2338:www.fisheries.noaa.gov 2272:www.fisheries.noaa.gov 2237:Guinness World Records 1957:Fluke up before diving 1813:Endangered Species Act 1670: 1603: 1601:Clifford Warren Ashley 1543: 1327: 1088: 997:longest-living mammals 882: 874: 756: 745: 675: (bowhead whale) 456:Evolution of cetaceans 7310:Alaska Native culture 7225:Paleobiology Database 6791:Spade-toothed whale ( 6755:True's beaked whale ( 6746:Strap-toothed whale ( 6719:Gray's beaked whale ( 6674:Hubbs' beaked whale ( 6559:Sato's beaked whale ( 6459:Indus river dolphin ( 6187:Spectacled porpoise ( 6003:(Bottlenose dolphins) 5444:Heaviside's dolphin ( 5426:Commerson's dolphin ( 5231:Pygmy Bryde's whale ( 3608:20 March 2016 at the 3238:Nature Communications 3034:"A Whale of a Sliver" 2776:Finley, K.J. (2001). 1694:Northwest Territories 1668: 1595: 1538: 1375:(the southernmost of 1322: 1298:Fury and Hecla Strait 1291:Churchill river mouth 1086: 1071:, a gene involved in 913:plates consisting of 880: 869: 751: 743: 397:Greenland right whale 6773:Pygmy beaked whale ( 6646:(Mesoplodont whales) 5805:False killer whale ( 5781:Melon-headed whale ( 5501:Pygmy killer whale ( 5195:Common minke whale ( 4950:"Balaena mysticetus" 4891:(Balaena mysticetus) 4863:on 21 September 2013 4442:. Elsevier Science. 4349:Всемирный день китов 4089:. osakagyoren.or.jp. 3574:. pp. 159–177. 3572:A Little Less Arctic 3012:10.1139/cjz-77-4-571 2927:on 21 September 2013 2906:Animal Diversity Web 2409:: e.T2467A17879018. 2332:(Balaena mysticetus) 2307:10.1139/cjz-77-4-571 2239:(14 November 2007). 2189:"Appendices | CITES" 2160:: e.T2467A50347659. 1642:and then around the 1634:and Northeast Gulf ( 1567:Strait of Belle Isle 1390:Svalbard-Barents Sea 1121:Strait of Belle Isle 490:, separate from the 346:Bowhead whale range 7335:Greenlandic cuisine 6581:(Bottlenose whales) 6321:Dwarf sperm whale ( 6312:Pygmy sperm whale ( 6144:(Finless porpoises) 5860:(Humpback dolphins) 5724:Irrawaddy dolphin ( 5641:Hourglass dolphin ( 5352:Pygmy right whale ( 4857:"The Bowhead Whale" 4334:23 May 2014 at the 4310:24 May 2014 at the 4258:National Geographic 4045:2012PLoSO...734905S 3864:10.14430/arctic2243 3830:on 20 January 2016. 3783:www.coralharbour.ca 3456:2023MvEco..11....8S 3323:2017Palgy..60..141F 3250:2013NatCo...4.1677F 3157:on 6 September 2018 3125:The Washington Post 2841:(1674): 3819–3828. 2835:Biological Sciences 2703:The Washington Post 2516:2000MolEc...9.1793R 2247:on 17 November 2007 1716:Alaskan subsistence 1652:St. Lawrence Island 1612:Thomas Welcome Roys 1373:Shiretoko Peninsula 1314:Prince Regent Inlet 1269:and areas south of 1205: – 1125:Gulf of St Lawrence 1123:) and the northern 153:Conservation status 6986:balaena-mysticetus 6937:balaena-mysticetus 6924:Balaena_mysticetus 6910:Balaena mysticetus 6880:Balaena mysticetus 6496:La Plata dolphin ( 6196:Harbour porpoise ( 6165:N. asiaeorientalis 6022:Burrunan dolphin ( 5590:Fraser's dolphin ( 5453:Hector's dolphin ( 4919:on 3 December 2008 4879:Balaena mysticetus 4843:on 14 January 2017 4794:Vladislav Raevskii 4767:Balaena mysticetus 4709:. Borkumer Zeitung 4483:Balaena mysticetus 4327:Balaena mysticetus 4197:Balaena mysticetus 4179:Balaena mysticetus 4008:. 31 December 2013 3845:Balaena mysticetus 3758:10.14430/arctic832 3730:Balaena mysticetis 3699:10.14430/arctic624 3652:Balaena mysticetus 3549:Balaena mysticetus 3397:Balaena mysticetus 3332:10.1111/pala.12275 3259:10.1038/ncomms2714 2829:Balaena mysticetus 2807:10.14430/arctic764 2720:Balaena mysticetus 2560:. 7 February 2013. 2395:Balaena mysticetus 2241:"Whale of a time!" 2146:Balaena mysticetus 2044:Marine life portal 1842:stock – endangered 1728:Aboriginal whaling 1671: 1604: 1544: 1328: 1255:Southampton Island 1232:Roes Welcome Sound 1089: 965:Whale reproduction 883: 875: 757: 746: 729:Emanuel Swedenborg 534:Family Balaenidae 509:B. mysticetus 478:Balaena mysticetus 359:Balaena mysticetus 319:Balaena mysticetus 301:B. mysticetus 7345:Symbols of Alaska 7292: 7291: 7212:Open Tree of Life 6872:Taxon identifiers 6863: 6862: 6859: 6858: 6855: 6854: 6851: 6850: 6649: 6584: 6523: 6508: 6507: 6471: 6470: 6425: 6424: 6388: 6387: 6333: 6332: 6287: 6286: 6250: 6249: 6238:Dall's porpoise ( 6147: 6128: 6113: 6112: 6052: 6051: 6006: 5957:Spinner dolphin ( 5939:Striped dolphin ( 5930:Clymene dolphin ( 5863: 5684: 5632:Peale's dolphin ( 5566:Risso's dolphin ( 5526: 5435:Chilean dolphin ( 5408: 5387: 5372: 5371: 5368: 5367: 5364: 5363: 5327: 5326: 5177: 5162: 5161: 5125: 5069: 4956:on 5 October 2016 4937:A documentary by 4604:978-0-295-97447-7 4164:978-1-907390-35-7 3666:978-0-662-40573-3 3659:. COSEWIC. 2005. 3589:978-90-481-9120-8 2726:Anatomical Record 2558:ScienceNordic.com 2503:Molecular Ecology 2482:978-0-12-373553-9 2445:978-1-891276-03-3 2380:on 19 March 2015. 2334:: NOAA Fisheries" 2328:Fisheries, NOAA. 2097:978-0-8018-8221-0 2052:List of cetaceans 1766:Whale bone fences 1422:East Siberian Sea 1092:Range and habitat 938:, and many other 922:, which includes 850:of the mammalian 848:corpus cavernosum 832:mitochondrial DNA 716: 715: 702: 701: 693: 692: 642: 641: 633: 632: 505:B. glacialis 350: 349: 193: 176: 121: 16:(Redirected from 7357: 7285: 7284: 7272: 7271: 7259: 7258: 7246: 7245: 7233: 7232: 7220: 7219: 7207: 7206: 7194: 7193: 7181: 7180: 7168: 7167: 7155: 7154: 7152:NHMSYS0000376882 7142: 7141: 7129: 7128: 7116: 7115: 7103: 7102: 7090: 7089: 7077: 7076: 7064: 7063: 7051: 7050: 7038: 7037: 7025: 7024: 7012: 7011: 6999: 6998: 6989: 6988: 6976: 6975: 6963: 6962: 6950: 6949: 6940: 6939: 6927: 6926: 6914: 6913: 6912: 6899: 6898: 6897: 6867: 6648: 6647: 6643: 6583: 6582: 6578: 6527: 6522: 6521: 6517: 6482: 6436: 6399: 6360:I. araguaiaensis 6344: 6298: 6277:P. macrocephalus 6261: 6146: 6145: 6141: 6132: 6127: 6126: 6122: 6063: 6005: 6004: 6000: 5862: 5861: 5857: 5838:Guiana dolphin ( 5683: 5682: 5678: 5535:G. macrorhynchus 5525: 5524: 5520: 5477:Common dolphin ( 5412: 5407: 5406: 5402: 5395: 5386:(Toothed whales) 5385: 5378: 5338: 5315:Humpback whale ( 5197:B. acutorostrata 5181: 5176: 5175: 5171: 5124: 5123: 5119: 5086: 5077: 5067: 5060: 4993: 4986: 4979: 4970: 4965: 4963: 4961: 4936: 4928: 4926: 4924: 4908: 4906: 4904: 4899:on 22 April 2006 4884: 4877:"Bowhead Whale ( 4872: 4870: 4868: 4852: 4850: 4848: 4825: 4797: 4791: 4785: 4778: 4772: 4762: 4756: 4746: 4740: 4739: 4737: 4735: 4725: 4719: 4718: 4716: 4714: 4708: 4700: 4694: 4682: 4676: 4664: 4658: 4653: 4647: 4646: 4644: 4642: 4628: 4622: 4615: 4609: 4608: 4596: 4586: 4577: 4576: 4556: 4550: 4544: 4538: 4537: 4535: 4533: 4518: 4512: 4506: 4500: 4499: 4497: 4495: 4481:"Bowhead Whale ( 4477: 4466: 4460: 4454: 4453: 4435: 4414: 4404: 4398: 4391: 4385: 4384: 4377: 4371: 4370: 4358: 4352: 4345: 4339: 4325:Bowhead whales ( 4321: 4315: 4301: 4295: 4284: 4278: 4267: 4261: 4250: 4244: 4233: 4227: 4226: 4190: 4184: 4173: 4167: 4152:OSPAR Convention 4144: 4138: 4137: 4127: 4121: 4120: 4113: 4107: 4097: 4091: 4090: 4083: 4077: 4076: 4066: 4056: 4024: 4018: 4017: 4015: 4013: 3998: 3992: 3991: 3989: 3987: 3976: 3970: 3969: 3967: 3965: 3950: 3944: 3943: 3941: 3939: 3924: 3913: 3912: 3910: 3908: 3899:. Archived from 3889: 3883: 3882: 3875: 3869: 3868: 3866: 3838: 3832: 3831: 3826:. Archived from 3820: 3814: 3813: 3805: 3799: 3798: 3796: 3794: 3789:on 18 April 2018 3785:. Archived from 3775: 3769: 3768: 3766: 3764: 3751: 3723: 3712: 3711: 3701: 3677: 3671: 3670: 3658: 3645: 3628: 3622: 3613: 3600: 3594: 3593: 3563: 3554: 3540: 3531: 3524: 3518: 3512: 3506: 3505: 3494: 3488: 3487: 3477: 3467: 3444:Movement Ecology 3435: 3429: 3428: 3418: 3390: 3384: 3383: 3381: 3379: 3373: 3367:. Archived from 3366: 3358: 3347: 3346: 3344: 3334: 3302: 3296: 3295: 3293: 3286: 3278: 3272: 3271: 3261: 3228: 3222: 3221: 3211: 3205: 3199: 3193: 3192: 3190: 3188: 3183:. 5 January 2015 3173: 3167: 3166: 3164: 3162: 3143: 3137: 3136: 3134: 3132: 3127:. 6 January 2015 3117: 3108: 3107: 3105: 3103: 3088: 3082: 3081: 3070: 3064: 3063: 3061: 3059: 3054:. 6 January 2015 3044: 3038: 3037: 3030: 3024: 3023: 2994: 2988: 2987: 2985: 2983: 2968: 2962: 2961: 2959: 2957: 2943: 2937: 2936: 2934: 2932: 2923:. Archived from 2917: 2911: 2910: 2897: 2891: 2878: 2869: 2868: 2858: 2822: 2811: 2810: 2800: 2782: 2773: 2760: 2759: 2741: 2739:10.1002/ar.22681 2713: 2707: 2706: 2694: 2688: 2687: 2661: 2655: 2649: 2638: 2632: 2623: 2622: 2612: 2606: 2600: 2594: 2588: 2579: 2573: 2562: 2561: 2550: 2544: 2543: 2510:(11): 1793–802. 2493: 2487: 2486: 2456: 2450: 2449: 2431: 2425: 2424: 2418: 2388: 2382: 2381: 2360: 2354: 2353: 2351: 2349: 2340:. Archived from 2325: 2319: 2318: 2289: 2283: 2282: 2280: 2278: 2263: 2257: 2256: 2254: 2252: 2243:. Archived from 2233: 2227: 2210: 2204: 2203: 2201: 2199: 2185: 2179: 2178: 2176: 2174: 2169: 2139: 2128: 2127: 2116: 2110: 2109: 2073: 2046: 2041: 2040: 2039: 2032: 2027: 2026: 2018: 2016:Cetaceans portal 2013: 2012: 2011: 1990: 1978: 1966: 1954: 1939: 1927: 1915: 1895: 1496:Isabella Bay in 1466:Franz Josef Land 1410:Severnaya Zemlya 1365:Korean Peninsula 1073:thermoregulation 1020:Genetic benefits 811:William Scoresby 793: 792: 788: 785: 767:ice to breathe. 687: 686:(bowhead whales) 677: 663: 592: 565: 553: 541: 531: 530: 496:John Edward Gray 424:severely reduced 341: 321: 208: 207: 187: 170: 165: 164: 141: 132: 116: 115: 45: 38:Temporal range: 32: 21: 7365: 7364: 7360: 7359: 7358: 7356: 7355: 7354: 7350:Holarctic fauna 7295: 7294: 7293: 7288: 7280: 7275: 7267: 7262: 7254: 7249: 7241: 7236: 7228: 7223: 7215: 7210: 7202: 7197: 7189: 7186:Observation.org 7184: 7176: 7171: 7163: 7158: 7150: 7145: 7137: 7132: 7124: 7119: 7111: 7106: 7098: 7093: 7085: 7080: 7072: 7067: 7059: 7054: 7046: 7041: 7033: 7028: 7020: 7015: 7007: 7002: 6994: 6992: 6984: 6979: 6971: 6966: 6958: 6953: 6945: 6943: 6935: 6930: 6922: 6917: 6908: 6907: 6902: 6893: 6892: 6887: 6874: 6864: 6847: 6823: 6799: 6685:M. densirostris 6645: 6644: 6642: 6632: 6608: 6580: 6579: 6577: 6567: 6520:(Beaked whales) 6519: 6518: 6516: 6504: 6467: 6421: 6384: 6329: 6283: 6246: 6222: 6171: 6156:N. phocaenoides 6143: 6142: 6140: 6124: 6123: 6121: 6109: 6085: 6048: 6002: 6001: 5999: 5989: 5965: 5959:S. longirostris 5941:S. coeruleoalba 5905: 5859: 5858: 5856: 5846: 5813: 5789: 5765: 5741: 5726:O. brevirostris 5708: 5680: 5679: 5677: 5667: 5659:Dusky dolphin ( 5598: 5574: 5550: 5522: 5521: 5519: 5509: 5485: 5461: 5417:Cephalorhynchus 5404: 5403: 5401: 5389: 5360: 5323: 5317:M. novaeangliae 5299: 5275: 5249:Omura's whale ( 5222:Bryde's whale ( 5173: 5172: 5170: 5168:Balaenopteridae 5158: 5121: 5120: 5118: 5108: 5100:Bowhead whale ( 5071: 5068:(Baleen whales) 5054: 5004: 4997: 4959: 4957: 4948: 4931: 4922: 4920: 4911: 4902: 4900: 4889:"Bowhead whale 4887: 4875: 4866: 4864: 4855: 4846: 4844: 4835: 4832: 4822: 4809: 4806: 4801: 4800: 4792: 4788: 4779: 4775: 4765:Bowhead Whale ( 4763: 4759: 4747: 4743: 4733: 4731: 4727: 4726: 4722: 4712: 4710: 4706: 4702: 4701: 4697: 4683: 4679: 4665: 4661: 4654: 4650: 4640: 4638: 4632:"Bowhead Whale" 4630: 4629: 4625: 4616: 4612: 4605: 4588: 4587: 4580: 4573: 4558: 4557: 4553: 4545: 4541: 4531: 4529: 4520: 4519: 4515: 4507: 4503: 4493: 4491: 4479: 4478: 4469: 4461: 4457: 4450: 4437: 4436: 4417: 4405: 4401: 4392: 4388: 4379: 4378: 4374: 4360: 4359: 4355: 4346: 4342: 4336:Wayback Machine 4322: 4318: 4312:Wayback Machine 4302: 4298: 4285: 4281: 4268: 4264: 4252:Sala E. (2013) 4251: 4247: 4234: 4230: 4209:(10): 796–801. 4192: 4191: 4187: 4177:Bowhead whale ( 4174: 4170: 4146:Gross A., 2010 4145: 4141: 4129: 4128: 4124: 4115: 4114: 4110: 4098: 4094: 4085: 4084: 4080: 4026: 4025: 4021: 4011: 4009: 4000: 3999: 3995: 3985: 3983: 3978: 3977: 3973: 3963: 3961: 3960:on 19 June 2013 3952: 3951: 3947: 3937: 3935: 3926: 3925: 3916: 3906: 3904: 3903:on 15 June 2017 3891: 3890: 3886: 3877: 3876: 3872: 3840: 3839: 3835: 3822: 3821: 3817: 3807: 3806: 3802: 3792: 3790: 3777: 3776: 3772: 3762: 3760: 3725: 3724: 3715: 3679: 3678: 3674: 3667: 3656: 3647: 3646: 3631: 3623: 3616: 3610:Wayback Machine 3601: 3597: 3590: 3565: 3564: 3557: 3547:Bowhead whale ( 3541: 3534: 3525: 3521: 3513: 3509: 3498:"Bowhead Quota" 3496: 3495: 3491: 3437: 3436: 3432: 3392: 3391: 3387: 3377: 3375: 3371: 3364: 3360: 3359: 3350: 3304: 3303: 3299: 3291: 3284: 3280: 3279: 3275: 3230: 3229: 3225: 3213: 3212: 3208: 3200: 3196: 3186: 3184: 3175: 3174: 3170: 3160: 3158: 3145: 3144: 3140: 3130: 3128: 3119: 3118: 3111: 3101: 3099: 3090: 3089: 3085: 3072: 3071: 3067: 3057: 3055: 3046: 3045: 3041: 3036:. 15 June 2007. 3032: 3031: 3027: 2996: 2995: 2991: 2981: 2979: 2970: 2969: 2965: 2955: 2953: 2945: 2944: 2940: 2930: 2928: 2919: 2918: 2914: 2899: 2898: 2894: 2888:Wayback Machine 2879: 2872: 2824: 2823: 2814: 2798:10.1.1.500.2600 2780: 2775: 2774: 2763: 2715: 2714: 2710: 2696: 2695: 2691: 2684: 2663: 2662: 2658: 2650: 2641: 2633: 2626: 2614: 2613: 2609: 2601: 2597: 2589: 2582: 2574: 2565: 2552: 2551: 2547: 2495: 2494: 2490: 2483: 2461:"Right Whales ( 2458: 2457: 2453: 2446: 2433: 2432: 2428: 2390: 2389: 2385: 2362: 2361: 2357: 2347: 2345: 2344:on 21 June 2017 2330:"Bowhead Whale 2327: 2326: 2322: 2291: 2290: 2286: 2276: 2274: 2265: 2264: 2260: 2250: 2248: 2235: 2234: 2230: 2211: 2207: 2197: 2195: 2187: 2186: 2182: 2172: 2170: 2141: 2140: 2131: 2118: 2117: 2113: 2098: 2078:"Order Cetacea" 2075: 2074: 2070: 2065: 2042: 2037: 2035: 2028: 2021: 2014: 2009: 2007: 2004: 1997: 1991: 1982: 1979: 1970: 1967: 1958: 1955: 1946: 1940: 1931: 1928: 1919: 1916: 1907: 1904:Shantar Islands 1900:Lindholm Strait 1896: 1887: 1801: 1793:Schiermonnikoog 1772:Frisian Islands 1768: 1730: 1724: 1718: 1660:Mackenzie River 1658:(1854) and the 1644:Shantar Islands 1533: 1506: 1478: 1458:Kanin Peninsula 1398: 1392: 1341:Shantar Islands 1333: 1310:Gulf of Boothia 1216:Igloolik Island 1191: 1175: 1158: 1149: 1114:climate changes 1094: 1081: 1022: 993: 988: 967: 961: 948: 903: 894: 888: 864: 790: 786: 783: 781: 738: 703: 694: 689: 685: 670: 665: 655: 643: 634: 471:Southern Oceans 466:Systema Naturae 458: 452: 332: 323: 317: 304: 202: 194: 177: 166: 162: 155: 123: 114: 113: 112: 111: 106: 101: 96: 91: 86: 81: 76: 71: 66: 61: 56: 51: 40: 39: 36: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 7363: 7361: 7353: 7352: 7347: 7342: 7337: 7332: 7327: 7322: 7317: 7312: 7307: 7297: 7296: 7290: 7289: 7287: 7286: 7273: 7260: 7247: 7234: 7221: 7208: 7195: 7182: 7169: 7156: 7143: 7130: 7117: 7104: 7091: 7078: 7065: 7052: 7039: 7026: 7013: 7000: 6990: 6977: 6964: 6951: 6941: 6928: 6915: 6900: 6884: 6882: 6876: 6875: 6870: 6861: 6860: 6857: 6856: 6853: 6852: 6849: 6848: 6846: 6845: 6841:Z. cavirostris 6835: 6833: 6825: 6824: 6822: 6821: 6811: 6809: 6801: 6800: 6798: 6797: 6788: 6779: 6770: 6761: 6752: 6743: 6734: 6725: 6716: 6707: 6698: 6689: 6680: 6671: 6662: 6652: 6650: 6634: 6633: 6631: 6630: 6620: 6618: 6610: 6609: 6607: 6606: 6597: 6587: 6585: 6569: 6568: 6566: 6565: 6556: 6547: 6537: 6535: 6524: 6510: 6509: 6506: 6505: 6503: 6502: 6498:P. blainvillei 6492: 6490: 6479: 6473: 6472: 6469: 6468: 6466: 6465: 6456: 6446: 6444: 6433: 6427: 6426: 6423: 6422: 6420: 6419: 6409: 6407: 6396: 6390: 6389: 6386: 6385: 6383: 6382: 6378:I. geoffrensis 6373: 6369:I. boliviensis 6364: 6354: 6352: 6341: 6335: 6334: 6331: 6330: 6328: 6327: 6318: 6308: 6306: 6295: 6289: 6288: 6285: 6284: 6282: 6281: 6271: 6269: 6258: 6252: 6251: 6248: 6247: 6245: 6244: 6234: 6232: 6224: 6223: 6221: 6220: 6216:P. spinipinnis 6211: 6202: 6193: 6183: 6181: 6173: 6172: 6170: 6169: 6160: 6150: 6148: 6129: 6115: 6114: 6111: 6110: 6108: 6107: 6097: 6095: 6087: 6086: 6084: 6083: 6077:Beluga whale ( 6073: 6071: 6068:Delphinapterus 6060: 6054: 6053: 6050: 6049: 6047: 6046: 6037: 6028: 6019: 6009: 6007: 5991: 5990: 5988: 5987: 5983:S. bredanensis 5977: 5975: 5967: 5966: 5964: 5963: 5954: 5945: 5936: 5927: 5917: 5915: 5907: 5906: 5904: 5903: 5894: 5885: 5876: 5866: 5864: 5848: 5847: 5845: 5844: 5835: 5831:S. fluviatilis 5825: 5823: 5815: 5814: 5812: 5811: 5801: 5799: 5791: 5790: 5788: 5787: 5777: 5775: 5767: 5766: 5764: 5763: 5753: 5751: 5743: 5742: 5740: 5739: 5730: 5720: 5718: 5710: 5709: 5707: 5706: 5697: 5687: 5685: 5669: 5668: 5666: 5665: 5656: 5652:L. obliquidens 5647: 5638: 5629: 5620: 5616:L. albirostris 5610: 5608: 5605:Lagenorhynchus 5600: 5599: 5597: 5596: 5586: 5584: 5576: 5575: 5573: 5572: 5562: 5560: 5552: 5551: 5549: 5548: 5539: 5529: 5527: 5523:(Pilot whales) 5511: 5510: 5508: 5507: 5497: 5495: 5487: 5486: 5484: 5483: 5473: 5471: 5463: 5462: 5460: 5459: 5450: 5441: 5432: 5428:C. commersonii 5422: 5420: 5409: 5391: 5390: 5381: 5374: 5373: 5370: 5369: 5366: 5365: 5362: 5361: 5359: 5358: 5348: 5346: 5335: 5329: 5328: 5325: 5324: 5322: 5321: 5311: 5309: 5301: 5300: 5298: 5297: 5287: 5285: 5277: 5276: 5274: 5273: 5267:Rice's whale ( 5264: 5255: 5246: 5237: 5228: 5219: 5210: 5206:B. bonaerensis 5201: 5191: 5189: 5178: 5164: 5163: 5160: 5159: 5157: 5156: 5147: 5138: 5128: 5126: 5122:(Right whales) 5110: 5109: 5107: 5106: 5096: 5094: 5083: 5073: 5072: 5063: 5056: 5055: 5053: 5052: 5046: 5040: 5038:Laurasiatheria 5034: 5028: 5022: 5016: 5009: 5006: 5005: 4998: 4996: 4995: 4988: 4981: 4973: 4967: 4966: 4946: 4929: 4909: 4885: 4873: 4853: 4831: 4830:External links 4828: 4827: 4826: 4820: 4805: 4802: 4799: 4798: 4786: 4773: 4757: 4741: 4720: 4695: 4677: 4659: 4648: 4623: 4610: 4603: 4578: 4571: 4551: 4539: 4528:. 14 July 2021 4513: 4501: 4467: 4455: 4448: 4415: 4399: 4386: 4372: 4353: 4340: 4316: 4296: 4279: 4262: 4245: 4228: 4185: 4168: 4139: 4122: 4108: 4106:(23 June 2015) 4092: 4087:"大阪府漁業協同組合連合会" 4078: 4019: 4004:(in Russian). 3993: 3971: 3945: 3931:(in Russian). 3914: 3884: 3870: 3833: 3815: 3800: 3770: 3713: 3672: 3665: 3629: 3614: 3595: 3588: 3555: 3532: 3519: 3507: 3489: 3430: 3385: 3374:on 15 May 2017 3348: 3317:(2): 141–148. 3297: 3273: 3223: 3206: 3194: 3168: 3138: 3109: 3083: 3065: 3039: 3025: 3006:(4): 571–580. 2989: 2963: 2938: 2912: 2892: 2870: 2812: 2761: 2732:(4): 701–708. 2708: 2689: 2682: 2656: 2639: 2624: 2607: 2595: 2580: 2563: 2545: 2488: 2481: 2451: 2444: 2426: 2383: 2355: 2320: 2301:(4): 571–580. 2284: 2258: 2228: 2205: 2180: 2129: 2111: 2096: 2067: 2066: 2064: 2061: 2060: 2059: 2054: 2048: 2047: 2033: 2030:Mammals portal 2019: 2003: 2000: 1999: 1998: 1992: 1985: 1983: 1980: 1973: 1971: 1968: 1961: 1959: 1956: 1949: 1947: 1941: 1934: 1932: 1929: 1922: 1920: 1917: 1910: 1908: 1897: 1890: 1886: 1883: 1872: 1871: 1857: 1843: 1833: 1830:Sea of Okhotsk 1827: 1800: 1797: 1767: 1764: 1760: 1759: 1754: 1734:Alaska Natives 1720:Main article: 1717: 1714: 1662:delta (1889). 1636:Shelikhov Gulf 1614:, in the bark 1532: 1529: 1505: 1502: 1477: 1474: 1440:, and west of 1391: 1388: 1349:whale-watching 1337:Sea of Okhotsk 1332: 1331:Sea of Okhotsk 1329: 1283:Ottawa Islands 1275:Mansel Islands 1224:climate change 1190: 1187: 1174: 1171: 1163:climate change 1157: 1156:Western Arctic 1154: 1148: 1145: 1135:North Carolina 1093: 1090: 1080: 1077: 1021: 1018: 992: 989: 987: 984: 960: 957: 947: 944: 902: 899: 887: 884: 863: 860: 836:Little Ice Age 737: 734: 714: 713: 705: 704: 700: 699: 696: 695: 691: 690: 683: 680: 679: 666: 653: 650: 649: 645: 644: 640: 639: 636: 635: 631: 630: 627: 626: 615: 612: 611: 608: 607: 596: 590: 588: 584: 583: 580: 579: 568: 563: 561: 551: 549: 539: 536: 535: 451: 448: 426:before a 1966 348: 347: 343: 342: 334: 333: 324: 313: 312: 306: 305: 298: 296: 292: 291: 284: 280: 279: 274: 270: 269: 264: 260: 259: 254: 250: 249: 244: 240: 239: 234: 230: 229: 224: 220: 219: 214: 210: 209: 196: 195: 182: 179: 178: 160: 157: 156: 151: 148: 147: 143: 142: 134: 133: 125: 124: 109: 108: 107: 102: 97: 92: 87: 82: 77: 72: 67: 62: 57: 52: 47: 46: 37: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 7362: 7351: 7348: 7346: 7343: 7341: 7338: 7336: 7333: 7331: 7328: 7326: 7323: 7321: 7318: 7316: 7313: 7311: 7308: 7306: 7303: 7302: 7300: 7283: 7278: 7274: 7270: 7265: 7261: 7257: 7252: 7248: 7244: 7239: 7235: 7231: 7226: 7222: 7218: 7213: 7209: 7205: 7200: 7196: 7192: 7187: 7183: 7179: 7178:bowhead-whale 7174: 7170: 7166: 7161: 7157: 7153: 7148: 7144: 7140: 7135: 7131: 7127: 7122: 7118: 7114: 7109: 7105: 7101: 7096: 7092: 7088: 7083: 7079: 7075: 7070: 7066: 7062: 7057: 7053: 7049: 7044: 7040: 7036: 7031: 7027: 7023: 7018: 7014: 7010: 7005: 7001: 6997: 6991: 6987: 6982: 6978: 6974: 6969: 6965: 6961: 6956: 6952: 6948: 6942: 6938: 6933: 6929: 6925: 6920: 6916: 6911: 6905: 6901: 6896: 6890: 6886: 6885: 6883: 6881: 6877: 6873: 6868: 6844: 6842: 6837: 6836: 6834: 6832: 6831: 6826: 6820: 6818: 6813: 6812: 6810: 6808: 6807: 6802: 6796: 6794: 6789: 6787: 6785: 6784:M. stejnegeri 6780: 6778: 6776: 6775:M. peruvianus 6771: 6769: 6767: 6762: 6760: 6758: 6753: 6751: 6749: 6744: 6742: 6740: 6735: 6733: 6731: 6726: 6724: 6722: 6717: 6715: 6713: 6712:M. ginkgodens 6708: 6706: 6704: 6699: 6697: 6695: 6690: 6688: 6686: 6681: 6679: 6677: 6676:M. carlhubbsi 6672: 6670: 6668: 6663: 6661: 6659: 6654: 6653: 6651: 6641: 6640: 6635: 6629: 6627: 6622: 6621: 6619: 6617: 6616: 6611: 6605: 6603: 6602:H. planifrons 6598: 6596: 6594: 6593:H. ampullatus 6589: 6588: 6586: 6576: 6575: 6570: 6564: 6562: 6557: 6555: 6553: 6548: 6546: 6544: 6539: 6538: 6536: 6534: 6533: 6528: 6525: 6515: 6511: 6501: 6499: 6494: 6493: 6491: 6489: 6488: 6483: 6480: 6478: 6477:Pontoporiidae 6474: 6464: 6462: 6457: 6455: 6453: 6448: 6447: 6445: 6443: 6442: 6437: 6434: 6432: 6431:Platanistidae 6428: 6418: 6416: 6415:L. vexillifer 6411: 6410: 6408: 6406: 6405: 6400: 6397: 6395: 6391: 6381: 6379: 6374: 6372: 6370: 6365: 6363: 6361: 6356: 6355: 6353: 6351: 6350: 6345: 6342: 6340: 6336: 6326: 6324: 6319: 6317: 6315: 6310: 6309: 6307: 6305: 6304: 6299: 6296: 6294: 6290: 6280: 6278: 6275:Sperm whale ( 6273: 6272: 6270: 6268: 6267: 6262: 6259: 6257: 6253: 6243: 6241: 6236: 6235: 6233: 6231: 6230: 6225: 6219: 6217: 6212: 6210: 6208: 6203: 6201: 6199: 6194: 6192: 6190: 6185: 6184: 6182: 6180: 6179: 6174: 6168: 6166: 6161: 6159: 6157: 6152: 6151: 6149: 6139: 6138: 6133: 6130: 6120: 6116: 6106: 6104: 6099: 6098: 6096: 6094: 6093: 6088: 6082: 6080: 6075: 6074: 6072: 6070: 6069: 6064: 6061: 6059: 6055: 6045: 6043: 6038: 6036: 6034: 6029: 6027: 6025: 6020: 6018: 6016: 6011: 6010: 6008: 5998: 5997: 5992: 5986: 5984: 5979: 5978: 5976: 5974: 5973: 5968: 5962: 5960: 5955: 5953: 5951: 5946: 5944: 5942: 5937: 5935: 5933: 5928: 5926: 5924: 5919: 5918: 5916: 5914: 5913: 5908: 5902: 5900: 5895: 5893: 5891: 5890:S. sahulensis 5886: 5884: 5882: 5877: 5875: 5873: 5868: 5867: 5865: 5855: 5854: 5849: 5843: 5841: 5840:S. guianensis 5836: 5834: 5832: 5827: 5826: 5824: 5822: 5821: 5816: 5810: 5808: 5807:P. crassidens 5803: 5802: 5800: 5798: 5797: 5792: 5786: 5784: 5779: 5778: 5776: 5774: 5773: 5772:Peponocephala 5768: 5762: 5760: 5755: 5754: 5752: 5750: 5749: 5744: 5738: 5736: 5731: 5729: 5727: 5722: 5721: 5719: 5717: 5716: 5711: 5705: 5703: 5698: 5696: 5694: 5689: 5688: 5686: 5676: 5675: 5670: 5664: 5662: 5657: 5655: 5653: 5648: 5646: 5644: 5639: 5637: 5635: 5630: 5628: 5626: 5621: 5619: 5617: 5612: 5611: 5609: 5607: 5606: 5601: 5595: 5593: 5588: 5587: 5585: 5583: 5582: 5581:Lagenodelphis 5577: 5571: 5569: 5564: 5563: 5561: 5559: 5558: 5553: 5547: 5545: 5540: 5538: 5536: 5531: 5530: 5528: 5518: 5517: 5512: 5506: 5504: 5499: 5498: 5496: 5494: 5493: 5488: 5482: 5480: 5475: 5474: 5472: 5470: 5469: 5464: 5458: 5456: 5451: 5449: 5447: 5446:C. heavisidii 5442: 5440: 5438: 5433: 5431: 5429: 5424: 5423: 5421: 5419: 5418: 5413: 5410: 5400: 5396: 5392: 5388: 5379: 5375: 5357: 5355: 5350: 5349: 5347: 5345: 5344: 5339: 5336: 5334: 5333:Cetotheriidae 5330: 5320: 5318: 5313: 5312: 5310: 5308: 5307: 5302: 5296: 5294: 5289: 5288: 5286: 5284: 5283: 5278: 5272: 5270: 5265: 5263: 5261: 5256: 5254: 5252: 5247: 5245: 5243: 5238: 5236: 5234: 5229: 5227: 5225: 5220: 5218: 5216: 5211: 5209: 5207: 5202: 5200: 5198: 5193: 5192: 5190: 5188: 5187: 5182: 5179: 5169: 5165: 5155: 5153: 5148: 5146: 5144: 5139: 5137: 5135: 5130: 5129: 5127: 5117: 5116: 5111: 5105: 5103: 5102:B. mysticetus 5098: 5097: 5095: 5093: 5092: 5087: 5084: 5082: 5078: 5074: 5070: 5061: 5057: 5051: 5047: 5045: 5041: 5039: 5035: 5033: 5029: 5027: 5023: 5021: 5017: 5015: 5011: 5010: 5007: 5002: 4994: 4989: 4987: 4982: 4980: 4975: 4974: 4971: 4955: 4951: 4947: 4944: 4940: 4934: 4930: 4918: 4914: 4910: 4898: 4894: 4892: 4886: 4882: 4880: 4874: 4862: 4858: 4854: 4842: 4838: 4834: 4833: 4829: 4823: 4821:0-935868-62-3 4817: 4813: 4808: 4807: 4804:Cited sources 4803: 4795: 4790: 4787: 4783: 4777: 4774: 4770: 4768: 4761: 4758: 4754: 4750: 4745: 4742: 4730: 4724: 4721: 4705: 4699: 4696: 4692: 4691: 4686: 4681: 4678: 4674: 4673: 4668: 4663: 4660: 4657: 4652: 4649: 4637: 4633: 4627: 4624: 4620: 4614: 4611: 4606: 4600: 4595: 4594: 4585: 4583: 4579: 4574: 4572:9780393358322 4568: 4564: 4563: 4555: 4552: 4549: 4543: 4540: 4527: 4523: 4517: 4514: 4511: 4505: 4502: 4490: 4486: 4484: 4476: 4474: 4472: 4468: 4465: 4459: 4456: 4451: 4449:9780128189696 4445: 4441: 4434: 4432: 4430: 4428: 4426: 4424: 4422: 4420: 4416: 4412: 4408: 4403: 4400: 4396: 4390: 4387: 4382: 4376: 4373: 4368: 4364: 4357: 4354: 4350: 4344: 4341: 4337: 4333: 4330: 4328: 4320: 4317: 4313: 4309: 4306: 4300: 4297: 4293: 4289: 4283: 4280: 4276: 4272: 4266: 4263: 4259: 4255: 4249: 4246: 4242: 4238: 4232: 4229: 4224: 4220: 4216: 4212: 4208: 4204: 4203:Polar Biology 4200: 4198: 4189: 4186: 4182: 4180: 4175:Kovacs M.K., 4172: 4169: 4165: 4161: 4157: 4153: 4149: 4143: 4140: 4135: 4134: 4126: 4123: 4118: 4112: 4109: 4105: 4104:Asahi Shimbun 4101: 4096: 4093: 4088: 4082: 4079: 4074: 4070: 4065: 4060: 4055: 4050: 4046: 4042: 4039:(4): e34905. 4038: 4034: 4030: 4023: 4020: 4007: 4003: 3997: 3994: 3981: 3975: 3972: 3959: 3955: 3949: 3946: 3934: 3930: 3923: 3921: 3919: 3915: 3902: 3898: 3894: 3888: 3885: 3880: 3874: 3871: 3865: 3860: 3856: 3852: 3848: 3846: 3837: 3834: 3829: 3825: 3819: 3816: 3811: 3804: 3801: 3788: 3784: 3780: 3774: 3771: 3759: 3755: 3750: 3745: 3741: 3737: 3733: 3731: 3722: 3720: 3718: 3714: 3709: 3705: 3700: 3695: 3691: 3687: 3683: 3676: 3673: 3668: 3662: 3655: 3654: 3651: 3644: 3642: 3640: 3638: 3636: 3634: 3630: 3626: 3621: 3619: 3615: 3611: 3607: 3604: 3599: 3596: 3591: 3585: 3581: 3577: 3573: 3569: 3562: 3560: 3556: 3552: 3550: 3544: 3539: 3537: 3533: 3529: 3523: 3520: 3516: 3511: 3508: 3503: 3499: 3493: 3490: 3485: 3481: 3476: 3471: 3466: 3461: 3457: 3453: 3449: 3445: 3441: 3434: 3431: 3426: 3422: 3417: 3412: 3408: 3404: 3400: 3398: 3389: 3386: 3370: 3363: 3357: 3355: 3353: 3349: 3343: 3338: 3333: 3328: 3324: 3320: 3316: 3312: 3311:Palaeontology 3308: 3301: 3298: 3290: 3283: 3277: 3274: 3269: 3265: 3260: 3255: 3251: 3247: 3243: 3239: 3235: 3227: 3224: 3219: 3218: 3210: 3207: 3204: 3198: 3195: 3182: 3181:Science Daily 3178: 3172: 3169: 3156: 3152: 3148: 3142: 3139: 3126: 3122: 3116: 3114: 3110: 3098: 3094: 3087: 3084: 3079: 3075: 3069: 3066: 3053: 3052:Medical Daily 3049: 3043: 3040: 3035: 3029: 3026: 3021: 3017: 3013: 3009: 3005: 3001: 2993: 2990: 2978: 2974: 2967: 2964: 2952: 2948: 2942: 2939: 2926: 2922: 2916: 2913: 2908: 2907: 2902: 2896: 2893: 2889: 2885: 2882: 2881:Bowhead Whale 2877: 2875: 2871: 2866: 2862: 2857: 2852: 2848: 2844: 2840: 2836: 2832: 2830: 2821: 2819: 2817: 2813: 2808: 2804: 2799: 2794: 2790: 2786: 2779: 2772: 2770: 2768: 2766: 2762: 2757: 2753: 2749: 2745: 2740: 2735: 2731: 2727: 2723: 2721: 2712: 2709: 2704: 2700: 2693: 2690: 2685: 2683:9780128043271 2679: 2675: 2671: 2667: 2660: 2657: 2654: 2648: 2646: 2644: 2640: 2637: 2631: 2629: 2625: 2620: 2619: 2611: 2608: 2605: 2599: 2596: 2593: 2587: 2585: 2581: 2578: 2572: 2570: 2568: 2564: 2559: 2555: 2549: 2546: 2541: 2537: 2533: 2529: 2525: 2521: 2517: 2513: 2509: 2505: 2504: 2499: 2492: 2489: 2484: 2478: 2474: 2470: 2469:Würsig, Bernd 2466: 2464: 2455: 2452: 2447: 2441: 2437: 2430: 2427: 2423: 2417: 2412: 2408: 2404: 2403: 2398: 2396: 2387: 2384: 2379: 2375: 2371: 2370: 2365: 2359: 2356: 2343: 2339: 2335: 2333: 2324: 2321: 2316: 2312: 2308: 2304: 2300: 2296: 2288: 2285: 2273: 2269: 2262: 2259: 2246: 2242: 2238: 2232: 2229: 2225: 2224:1-59714-061-9 2221: 2217: 2216: 2209: 2206: 2194: 2190: 2184: 2181: 2168: 2163: 2159: 2155: 2154: 2149: 2147: 2138: 2136: 2134: 2130: 2125: 2121: 2115: 2112: 2107: 2103: 2099: 2093: 2089: 2088: 2083: 2082:Wilson, D. E. 2079: 2072: 2069: 2062: 2058: 2055: 2053: 2050: 2049: 2045: 2034: 2031: 2025: 2020: 2017: 2006: 2001: 1996: 1989: 1984: 1977: 1972: 1965: 1960: 1953: 1948: 1945: 1938: 1933: 1926: 1921: 1914: 1909: 1905: 1901: 1894: 1889: 1884: 1882: 1880: 1875: 1869: 1865: 1861: 1858: 1855: 1851: 1847: 1844: 1841: 1837: 1834: 1831: 1828: 1825: 1822: 1821: 1820: 1818: 1817:IUCN Red List 1814: 1810: 1806: 1798: 1796: 1794: 1790: 1786: 1782: 1778: 1773: 1765: 1763: 1758: 1755: 1753: 1750: 1749: 1748: 1745: 1743: 1739: 1735: 1729: 1723: 1715: 1713: 1711: 1707: 1703: 1702:Inuit cuisine 1699: 1695: 1691: 1687: 1684:In 2024, the 1682: 1680: 1676: 1667: 1663: 1661: 1657: 1653: 1649: 1645: 1641: 1637: 1633: 1628: 1625: 1624:Bering Strait 1621: 1617: 1613: 1609: 1602: 1598: 1594: 1590: 1588: 1584: 1580: 1576: 1572: 1568: 1563: 1561: 1557: 1553: 1549: 1542: 1537: 1530: 1528: 1525: 1523: 1519: 1515: 1511: 1503: 1501: 1499: 1494: 1492: 1487: 1483: 1475: 1473: 1469: 1467: 1463: 1459: 1455: 1451: 1447: 1443: 1442:Cape Farewell 1439: 1438:Greenland Sea 1435: 1431: 1427: 1423: 1419: 1415: 1411: 1407: 1403: 1397: 1389: 1387: 1384: 1382: 1378: 1374: 1370: 1366: 1361: 1359: 1355: 1350: 1346: 1342: 1338: 1330: 1326: 1321: 1317: 1315: 1311: 1307: 1306:Gifford Fiord 1303: 1299: 1294: 1292: 1288: 1284: 1280: 1276: 1272: 1268: 1264: 1260: 1259:Frozen Strait 1256: 1252: 1248: 1243: 1241: 1240:Fisher Strait 1237: 1233: 1229: 1228:Marble Island 1225: 1221: 1217: 1213: 1212:Hudson Strait 1208: 1204: 1200: 1196: 1188: 1186: 1184: 1179: 1172: 1170: 1166: 1164: 1155: 1153: 1146: 1144: 1142: 1141: 1136: 1132: 1131: 1126: 1122: 1117: 1115: 1111: 1107: 1103: 1099: 1091: 1085: 1078: 1076: 1074: 1070: 1069: 1063: 1059: 1056:is linked to 1055: 1051: 1050: 1045: 1044: 1039: 1035: 1031: 1027: 1019: 1017: 1015: 1011: 1006: 1002: 998: 990: 985: 983: 981: 977: 973: 966: 958: 956: 954: 945: 943: 941: 937: 933: 929: 925: 921: 916: 912: 908: 907:filter feeder 900: 898: 893: 885: 879: 873: 868: 861: 859: 857: 853: 849: 844: 839: 837: 833: 828: 823: 820: 816: 812: 808: 803: 801: 797: 779: 774: 770: 766: 762: 755: 754:Faroe Islands 750: 742: 735: 733: 730: 725: 723: 722: 711: 707: 706: 698: 697: 682: 681: 678: 676: 674: 673:B. mysticetus 662: 661: 660: 652: 651: 647: 646: 638: 637: 629: 628: 625: 623: 622: 614: 613: 610: 609: 606: 604: 603: 594: 593: 586: 585: 582: 581: 578: 576: 575: 567: 566: 560: 559: 555: 554: 547: 543: 542: 538: 537: 533: 532: 529: 527: 523: 522: 517: 512: 510: 506: 501: 497: 493: 489: 486: 481: 479: 476: 475:binomial name 472: 468: 467: 462: 461:Carl Linnaeus 457: 449: 447: 445: 444:least concern 441: 440:IUCN Red List 437: 433: 429: 425: 421: 416: 412: 410: 406: 402: 398: 394: 390: 386: 382: 381: 377: 373: 369: 365: 361: 360: 355: 354:bowhead whale 344: 340: 335: 331: 327: 322: 320: 314: 311: 310:Binomial name 307: 303: 302: 297: 294: 293: 290: 289: 285: 282: 281: 278: 275: 272: 271: 268: 265: 262: 261: 258: 255: 252: 251: 248: 245: 242: 241: 238: 235: 232: 231: 228: 225: 222: 221: 218: 215: 212: 211: 206: 201: 197: 191: 185: 180: 174: 169: 168:Least Concern 158: 154: 149: 144: 140: 135: 131: 126: 120: 105: 100: 95: 90: 85: 80: 75: 70: 65: 60: 55: 50: 44: 35:Bowhead whale 33: 30: 19: 6879: 6840: 6828: 6817:T. shepherdi 6816: 6804: 6793:M. traversii 6792: 6783: 6774: 6765: 6756: 6747: 6738: 6729: 6720: 6711: 6703:M. europaeus 6702: 6693: 6684: 6675: 6666: 6657: 6637: 6626:I. pacificus 6625: 6613: 6601: 6592: 6572: 6560: 6551: 6542: 6530: 6497: 6485: 6460: 6452:P. gangetica 6451: 6439: 6414: 6402: 6377: 6368: 6359: 6347: 6322: 6314:K. breviceps 6313: 6301: 6276: 6264: 6256:Physeteridae 6239: 6229:Phocoenoides 6227: 6215: 6206: 6197: 6189:P. dioptrica 6188: 6176: 6164: 6155: 6135: 6103:M. monoceros 6102: 6090: 6078: 6066: 6058:Monodontidae 6042:T. truncatus 6041: 6033:T. erebennus 6032: 6024:T. australis 6023: 6014: 5994: 5982: 5970: 5958: 5950:S. frontalis 5949: 5940: 5931: 5923:S. attenuata 5922: 5910: 5898: 5889: 5880: 5872:S. chinensis 5871: 5851: 5839: 5830: 5818: 5806: 5794: 5782: 5770: 5758: 5746: 5735:O. heinsohni 5734: 5725: 5713: 5701: 5692: 5674:Lissodelphis 5672: 5660: 5651: 5642: 5634:L. australis 5633: 5624: 5615: 5603: 5591: 5579: 5567: 5555: 5543: 5534: 5516:Globicephala 5514: 5503:F. attenuata 5502: 5490: 5478: 5466: 5454: 5445: 5436: 5427: 5415: 5354:C. marginata 5353: 5341: 5316: 5304: 5292: 5291:Gray whale ( 5282:Eschrichtius 5280: 5268: 5259: 5250: 5241: 5240:Blue whale ( 5232: 5223: 5214: 5205: 5196: 5186:Balaenoptera 5184: 5151: 5143:E. glacialis 5142: 5134:E. australis 5133: 5113: 5101: 5099: 5090: 5089: 5050:Whippomorpha 5044:Artiodactyla 4958:. 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The 953:Greenland 936:amphipods 862:Behaviour 558:Eubalaena 526:cladogram 521:Eubalaena 485:monotypic 393:subarctic 295:Species: 223:Kingdom: 217:Eukaryota 122:to recent 41:2–0 7251:Species+ 7139:2.100016 7126:14300005 7074:11173308 7009:46559419 6944:BioLib: 6889:Wikidata 6830:Ziphius 6757:M. mirus 6721:M. grayi 6461:P. minor 6323:K. simus 6293:Kogiidae 6266:Physeter 6240:P. dalli 6207:P. sinus 6178:Phocoena 5996:Tursiops 5912:Stenella 5829:Tucuxi ( 5715:Orcaella 5592:L. hosei 5544:G. melas 5269:B. ricei 5233:B. edeni 5032:Eutheria 5026:Mammalia 5020:Chordata 5014:Animalia 5012:Kingdom 4960:29 March 4903:29 March 4332:Archived 4308:Archived 4073:22558102 4033:PLOS ONE 3606:Archived 3484:36750903 3450:(8): 8. 3289:Archived 3268:23575681 3244:: 1677. 3102:19 April 2884:Archived 2865:19692400 2748:23450839 2532:11091315 2422:species. 2366:(1758). 2106:62265494 2002:See also 1868:Beaufort 1824:Svalbard 1710:Gwich'in 1616:Superior 1554:, meat, 1486:moulting 1414:Kara Sea 1381:Hokkaido 1377:ice floe 1263:Igloolik 1183:Svalbard 1110:Beaufort 1052:) gene. 991:Lifespan 928:copepods 886:Swimming 595: 587: 450:Taxonomy 326:Linnaeus 273:Family: 247:Mammalia 237:Chordata 233:Phylum: 227:Animalia 213:Domain: 173:IUCN 3.1 7277:ZooBank 7113:1006393 7048:2440330 6895:Q174652 6694:M. eueu 6413:Baiji ( 6404:Lipotes 6339:Iniidae 6092:Monodon 5820:Sotalia 5759:O. orca 5748:Orcinus 5557:Grampus 5343:Caperea 5091:Balaena 5018:Phylum 5003:species 5001:Cetacea 4999:Extant 4923:23 June 4867:3 April 4847:9 April 4734:29 June 4713:29 June 4532:15 July 4223:5284359 4064:3338773 4041:Bibcode 3763:5 April 3475:9903510 3452:Bibcode 3319:Bibcode 3246:Bibcode 3091:CSIRO. 2982:5 April 2931:3 April 2856:2817290 2756:1181457 2540:7166876 2512:Bibcode 1902:of the 1885:Gallery 1864:Chukchi 1789:Ameland 1752:Iñupiat 1690:Aklavik 1552:blubber 1531:Whaling 1518:Chukchi 1493:stock. 1354:belugas 1234:and to 1130:Balaena 1106:Chukchi 1098:Alaskan 1079:Ecology 1038:alleles 1001:Alaskan 980:blubber 915:keratin 901:Feeding 815:Godhavn 789:⁄ 778:blubber 710:Balaena 659:Balaena 548: 528:below: 420:whaling 387:to the 385:endemic 380:Balaena 364:species 362:) is a 288:Balaena 283:Genus: 267:Cetacea 253:Order: 243:Class: 188: ( 171: ( 110:↓ 18:Bowhead 7269:137086 7217:397231 7204:137086 7087:180533 7022:BALEMY 6993:ECOS: 6932:ARKive 5492:Feresa 5042:Order 5024:Class 4943:beluga 4818: 4601: 4569: 4446: 4290:. 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