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290:. This entailed the setting of dogs (after placing wagers on each dog) onto a tethered bull. The dog that grabbed the bull by the nose and pinned it to the ground would be the victor. It was common for a bull to maim or kill several dogs at such an event, either by goring, tossing, or trampling over them. Over the centuries, dogs used for bull-baiting developed the stocky bodies and massive heads and jaws that typify the breed, as well as a ferocious and savage temperament. Bull-baiting was made illegal in England by the
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248:, when the sport was outlawed in England under the Cruelty to Animals Act. The Bulldog Club (in England) was formed in 1878, and the Bulldog Club of America was formed in 1890. While often used as a symbol of ferocity and courage, modern Bulldogs are generally friendly, amiable dogs. Bulldogs are now commonly kept as pets; in 2013, the Bulldog was the 12th most frequently registered breed worldwide.
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377:. There are generally thick folds of skin on the brow; round, black, wide-set eyes; a short muzzle with characteristic folds called a rope or nose roll above the nose; hanging skin under the neck; drooping lips and pointed teeth, and an underbite with an upturned jaw. The coat is short, flat, and sleek with colours of red, fawn, white,
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declared the winner that year, finishing the 20-mile (32 km) walk while Dock Leaf collapsed and expired. Though today
Bulldogs look tough, they cannot perform the job they were originally bred for, as they cannot withstand the rigours of running after and being thrown by a bull, and also cannot grip with such a short muzzle.
225:. It is a medium-sized, muscular dog of around 40–55 lb (18–25 kg). They have large heads with thick folds of skin around the face and shoulders and a relatively flat face with a protruding lower jaw. The breed has significant health issues as a consequence of breeding for its distinctive appearance, including
341:. The founders of the club collected all available information about the breed and its best representatives and developed a new standard for the English Bulldog, which was published on 27 May 1875, the same year they held the first breed show. Since 1878, exhibitions of the club were held annually, except during the
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Researches into the history of the
British Dog, from ancient laws, charters, and historical records: With original anecdotes, and illustrations of the nature and attributes of the dog, from the poets and prose writers of ancient, mediaeval, and modern times. With engravings designed and etched by the
313:
In 1864, a group of
Bulldog breeders under R. S. Rockstro founded the first Bulldog Club. Three years after its opening the Club ceased to exist, not having organized a single show. The main achievement of the Rockstro Bulldog Club was a detailed description of the Bulldog, known as the Philo-Kuan
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was founded, the first dog breeding club dealing with the registration of purebred dogs and dog breeds. Bulldogs were included in the first volume of the Kennel Club Stud Book, which was presented at the
Birmingham Show on 1 December 1874. The first English Bulldog entered into the register was a
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introduced revised breed standards for the
British Bulldog, along with 209 other breeds, to address health concerns. Opposed by the British Bulldog Breed Council, it was speculated by the press that the changes would lead to a smaller head, fewer skin folds, a longer muzzle, and a taller thinner
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In the United
Kingdom, the breed standards are 55 lb (25 kg) for a male and 50 lb (23 kg) for a female. In the United States, the standard calls for a smaller dog — a typical mature male weighs 50 lb (23 kg), while mature females weigh about 40 lb (18 kg).
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In 1894, the two top
Bulldogs, King Orry and Dock Leaf, competed in a contest to see which dog could walk 20 miles (32 km). King Orry was reminiscent of the original Bulldogs, lighter-boned and very athletic. Dock Leaf was a smaller and heavier set, more like modern Bulldogs. King Orry was
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made a ruling that banned the breeding of
Bulldogs in Norway due to their propensity for developing health problems. In its verdict the court judged that no dog of this breed could be considered healthy, therefore using them for breeding would be a violation of Norway's Animal Welfare Act.
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had outlived its usefulness in
England as a sporting animal and its "working" days were numbered. However, emigrants did have a use for such dogs in the New World. In mid-17th century New York, Bulldogs were used as a part of a citywide roundup effort led by Governor
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489:— with the latter caused due to an inability to effectively reduce body temperature via panting. Many airlines ban the breed from flying in the cargo hold due to a high rate of deaths from air pressure interacting poorly with their breathing problems.
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A 2022 study in the UK of veterinary data found a life expectancy of 7.39 years, the second lowest of all breeds in the study. A 2024 UK study found a life expectancy of 9.8 years for the breed compared to an average of 12.7 for purebreeds and 12 for
413:(AKC), a Bulldog's disposition should be "equable and kind, resolute, and courageous (not vicious or aggressive), and demeanour should be pacifist and dignified. These attributes should be countenanced by the expression and behaviour".
601:
Bulldogs are often associated with determination, strength, and courage due to their historical occupation, though the modern-day dog is bred for appearance and friendliness and not suited for significant physical exertion. They are
1879:
Gruenheid, Michaela; Aarnes, Turi K.; McLoughlin, Mary A.; Simpson, Elaine M.; Mathys, Dimitria A.; Mollenkopf, Dixie F.; Wittum, Thomas E. (1 August 2018). "Risk of anesthesia-related complications in brachycephalic dogs".
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implemented some breeding rules to improve the health of the
Bulldog. Among these is a fitness test where the dog has to walk 1 km (0.62 miles) in 12 minutes. Its temperature and heart rate have to recover after 15 minutes.
268:
The first reference to the word "Bulldog" is dated 1631 or 1632 in a letter by a man named Preswick Eaton where he writes: "procuer mee two good Bulldogs, and let them be sent by ye first shipp". In 1666, English scientist
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A study by the Royal Veterinary College found that Bulldogs are a much less healthy breed than average, with over twice the odds of being diagnosed with at least one of the common dog disorders investigated in the study.
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to be more prevalent in the Bulldog than other breeds. The overall prevalence was 1.5% in the breed compared to the 0.17% rate for all dogs. For dogs aged under 2 years, the prevalence was 3.6% compared to 0.48%.
505:, the highest amongst all breeds. Similarly, the breed has the worst score in the British Veterinary Association/Kennel Club Hip Dysplasia scoring scheme, although only 22 Bulldogs were tested in the scheme.
345:. On 17 May 1894, the Bulldog Club was granted the status of a corporation and since then has carried the official name "The Bulldog Club, Inc.". It is the oldest mono-breed dog kennel club in the world.
1610:
Hendricks, J. C.; Kline, L. R.; Kovalski, R. J.; O'Brien, J. A.; Morrison, A. R.; Pack, A. I. (1 October 1987). "The English bulldog: a natural model of sleep-disordered breathing".
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because their characteristically large heads can become lodged in the mother's birth canal and to avoid potential breathing problems for the mother during labour.
303:. Because cornering and leading wild bulls was dangerous, Bulldogs were trained to seize a bull by its nose long enough for a rope to be secured around its neck.
2128:
Hodgman, S. (1963). "Abnormalities and Defects in Pedigree Dogs–I. An Investigation into the Existence of Abnormalities in Pedigree Dogs in the British Isles".
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Adams, V. J.; Evans, K. M.; Sampson, J.; Wood, J. L. N. (1 October 2010). "Methods and mortality results of a health survey of purebred dogs in the UK".
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forbade the breeding of dogs with a snout shorter than a third of the skull, including Bulldogs, a law that it began enforcing in 2019. In 2022, the
233:, heat sensitivity, and skin infections. Due to concerns about their quality of life, breeding Bulldogs is illegal in Norway and the Netherlands.
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O'Neill, Dan G.; Skipper, Alison; Packer, Rowena M. A.; Lacey, Caitriona; Brodbelt, Dave C.; Church, David B.; Pegram, Camilla (15 June 2022).
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In March 1875, the third Bulldog Club was founded, which still exists today. Members of this club met frequently at the Blue Post pub on
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McMillan, Kirsten M.; Bielby, Jon; Williams, Carys L.; Upjohn, Melissa M.; Casey, Rachel A.; Christley, Robert M. (1 February 2024).
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457:. Brachycephaly results in deformation of the upper airway tract and leads to obstruction of breathing. Effects of brachycephaly are
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A 2004 UK survey found the leading cause of death of Bulldogs to be cardiac-related (20%), cancer (18%), and old age (9%).
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by universities, sports teams, and other organizations. Some of the better-known Bulldog mascots include Georgetown's
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Evolution of brachycephalia in Bulldogs. Left to right, the skulls are from approximately the 1910s, 1960s, and 1980s.
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385:. They have short tails that can either hang down straight or be tucked in a coiled "corkscrew" into a tail pocket.
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Standard. Samuel Wickens, treasurer of the club, published this description in 1865 under the pseudonym Philo-Kuan.
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2011:
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Knecht, C. D. (1979). Upper airway obstruction in brachycephalic dogs. Compend Contin Educ Pract Vet, 1, 25-31.
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posture, to combat problems with respiration and breeding due to head size and width of shoulders. In 2019 the
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A 4-year-old Bulldog of Champion bloodlines, side view. Note the "rope" over the nose, and pronounced underbite
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Teng, Kendy Tzu-yun; Brodbelt, Dave C.; Pegram, Camilla; Church, David B.; O'Neill, Dan G. (28 April 2022).
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O'Neill, Dan G.; Meeson, Richard L.; Sheridan, Adam; Church, David B.; Brodbelt, Dave C. (8 June 2016).
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2071:"The epidemiology of patellar luxation in dogs attending primary-care veterinary practices in England"
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2038:"British Veterinary Association/Kennel Club Hip Dysplasia Scheme – Breed Mean Scores at 01/11/2009"
1773:"The pandemic of ocular surface disease in brachycephalic dogs: The brachycephalic ocular syndrome"
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901:
Ellis, Edward Robb (2005). The Epic of New York City – A Narrative History. Basic Books, New York.
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2190:"English Bulldogs in the UK: a VetCompass study of their disorder predispositions and protections"
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indicate that of the 467 Bulldogs tested between 1979 and 2009 (30 years), 73.9% were affected by
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2323:"Juvenile-onset and adult-onset demodicosis in dogs in the UK: prevalence and breed associations"
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wrote: "To many the Bulldog is a national icon, symbolising pluck and determination". During the
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1319:"Life tables of annual life expectancy and mortality for companion dogs in the United Kingdom"
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Bulldogs have characteristically wide heads and shoulders along with a pronounced mandibular
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Bulldogs are known for getting along well with children, other dogs, and other pets.
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O'Neill, D. G.; Turgoose, E.; Church, D. B.; Brodbelt, D. C.; Hendricks, A. (2020).
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2583:"The Legacy of Chesty: How a Bulldog Became the United States Marine Corps Mascot"
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Pinax Rerum Naturalium Britannicarum, continens Vegetabilia, Animalia, et Fossilia
508:
A study in England found the Bulldog to have a nearly three times greater risk of
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TC, Amis; C, Kurpershoek (1986). "Pattern of breathing in brachycephalic dogs".
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Baker, Steve (2001). Picturing the Beast. University of Illinois Press. p. 52.
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2497:"Norway bans breeding of British Bulldogs and Cavalier King Charles spaniels"
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The designation "bull" was applied because of the dog's use in the sport of
210:
2467:"Dutch to crack down on breeding of dogs with too short snouts | Vet Times"
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The Bulldog was officially recognised by the American Kennel Club in 1886.
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The Bulldog originated in England and has a longstanding association with
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Hobi, Stefan; Barrs, Vanessa R.; Bęczkowski, Paweł M. (16 June 2023).
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2015:
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Registration figures worldwide – from top thirty to endangered breeds
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338:
1199:
1467:
Pedersen, Niels C.; Pooch, Ashley S.; Liu, Hongwei (29 July 2016).
1384:"Longevity of companion dog breeds: those at risk from early death"
2688:
2274:"Proportion of litters of purebred dogs born by caesarean section"
1933:"Heatstroke and brachycephalic dogs – is there an increased risk?"
592:
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The shortened snout and pushed in face of the Bulldog is known as
396:
364:
324:
255:
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The Bulldog is one of the two most commonly affected breeds for
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15. Fédération Cynologique Internationale. Accessed March 2022.
30:
This article is about the English Bulldog. For other uses, see
3149:
2163:
Rhodes, Karen Helton; Werner, Alexander H. (25 January 2011).
1888:(3). American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA): 301–306.
638:
2378:
Monnet, Eric; Bright, Ronald (31 May 2023). "Hiatal hernia".
2165:
Blackwell's Five-Minute Veterinary Consult Clinical Companion
2613:"English Bulldog health problems prompt cross-breeding call"
3277:
1060:"The first Bulldog breed Clubs and first Bulldog Champions"
1702:
Meola, Stacy D. (2013). "Brachycephalic Airway Syndrome".
1659:
Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice
1532:
Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice
1087:
1085:
306:
Bulldogs as pets were continually promoted by dog dealer
2405:"Healthier new Bulldog will lose its Churchillian jowl"
2382:. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons. pp. 29–36.
1882:
Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association
1974:"Banned by Many Airlines, These Bulldogs Fly Private"
1329:(1). Springer Science and Business Media LLC: 6415.
3479:
3315:
3122:
3081:
3013:
2978:
2957:
2837:
2828:
2750:
2687:
2527:"Breeding ban for bulldogs and cavaliers in Norway"
2014:. Orthopedic Foundation for Animals. Archived from
1101:, 'The American Kennel Club'. Retrieved 29 May 2014
181:
165:
153:
148:
132:
124:
114:
103:
98:
84:
72:
58:
2012:"Hip Dysplasia Statistics: Hip Dysplasia by Breed"
698:
512:, with 2.9% of all Bulldogs having the condition.
260:Painting of a Bulldog from 1790 by English artist
128:Brindle; solid white, red, fawn or yellow; piebald
2081:(1). Springer Science and Business Media LLC: 4.
597:Bulldogs are a national symbol of British culture
515:In a 1963 UK study, 17% of Bulldogs surveyed had
2043:. British Veterinary Association. Archived from
1822:"Dermatological Problems of Brachycephalic Dogs"
1618:(4). American Physiological Society: 1344–1350.
1394:(1). Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
3293:
2667:
1469:"A genetic assessment of the English bulldog"
1200:"Home of the Official AKC Bulldog Breed Club"
649:was likened to a Bulldog for his defiance of
530:Over 80% of Bulldog litters are delivered by
8:
940:"The Origin of the English Bulldog Standard"
2167:. Ames, Iowa: Wiley-Blackwell. p. 94.
557:In January 2009, after the BBC documentary
3300:
3286:
3278:
2834:
2674:
2660:
2652:
1747:"Reverse Sneezing (Pharyngeal Gag Reflex)"
1132:"The Fall and Rise of the English Bulldog"
471:brachycephalic airway obstructive syndrome
145:
95:
64:
55:
2555:Denizet-Lewis, Benoit (22 November 2011)
2354:
2223:
2205:
2104:
2086:
1948:
1855:
1837:
1788:
1771:Sebbag, Lionel; Sanchez, Rick F. (2023).
1670:
1543:
1502:
1484:
1415:
1358:
444:
2440:. Raad van Beheer (Dutch Kennel Club).
1577:American Journal of Veterinary Research
689:
2682:Dogs originating in the United Kingdom
2447:from the original on 24 September 2015
1972:Haughney, Christine (7 October 2011).
1931:Ewers Clark, Anna (22 December 2022).
1210:from the original on 25 September 2021
980:from the original on 18 September 2020
626:, and the United States Marine Corps'
2965:English Toy Terrier (Black & Tan)
2507:from the original on 10 February 2022
167:Fédération Cynologique Internationale
7:
3155:Dumfriesshire Black and Tan Foxhound
2619:from the original on 8 November 2020
2593:from the original on 18 January 2023
2415:from the original on 16 January 2009
2403:Elliott, Valerie (14 January 2009).
2281:The Journal of Small Animal Practice
1268:from the original on 21 January 2023
1154:from the original on 21 January 2023
1040:from the original on 12 January 2002
1010:from the original on 29 October 2005
919:The Mastiff and Bullmastiff Handbook
883:from the original on 21 January 2023
794:from the original on 21 January 2023
765:from the original on 21 January 2023
280:Pinax Rerum Naturalium Britannicarum
2435:"Convenant Bulldog, breeding rules"
1992:from the original on 7 October 2011
1704:Topics in Companion Animal Medicine
1180:from the original on 23 August 2020
1070:from the original on 4 January 2006
519:. The breed is also predisposed to
322:male dog named Adam, born in 1864.
2537:from the original on 28 March 2022
2142:10.1111/J.1748-5827.1963.TB01301.X
950:from the original on 12 March 2004
217:type. It may also be known as the
25:
3553:Dog breeds originating in England
2477:from the original on 27 July 2020
1238:. Akc.org. Retrieved 9 June 2012.
866:Animals and the Law: A Sourcebook
499:Orthopedic Foundation for Animals
401:Six-month-old Bulldog puppy from
236:The modern Bulldog was bred as a
185:National animal of United Kingdom
2380:Small Animal Soft Tissue Surgery
2327:Journal of Small Animal Practice
2293:10.1111/j.1748-5827.2009.00902.x
2130:Journal of Small Animal Practice
2075:Canine Genetics and Epidemiology
1745:Lundgrun, Becky (26 June 2006).
1655:"Brachycephalic Airway Syndrome"
1528:"Brachycephalic Airway Syndrome"
1473:Canine Genetics and Epidemiology
1445:10.1111/j.1748-5827.2010.00974.x
1433:Journal of Small Animal Practice
1030:"Origins of the English Bulldog"
1000:"History of the English Bulldog"
1583:(10). Am J Vet Res: 2200–2204.
761:. Rob. Hardwicke. p. 306.
244:, a now-extinct breed used for
1229:American Kennel Club – Bulldog
618:, the University of Georgia's
553:Controversies and legal status
1:
3099:Cavalier King Charles Spaniel
2272:Evans, K.; Adams, V. (2010).
1672:10.1016/s0195-5616(92)50306-0
1665:(5). Elsevier BV: 1145–1153.
1612:Journal of Applied Physiology
1545:10.1016/s0195-5616(92)50306-0
1538:(5). Elsevier BV: 1145–1153.
1294:. 12 May 2021. Archived from
1254:. Indiana: Wiley Publishing.
1110:The sun., 11 September 1894,
120:40–50 lb (18–23 kg)
110:50–55 lb (23–25 kg)
2248:"English Bulldog - Dystocia"
2194:Canine Medicine and Genetics
1624:10.1152/jappl.1987.63.4.1344
970:"History of the Kennel Club"
784:Merret, Christopher (1666).
3462:Saint Louis Vincent Mastiff
2944:West Highland White Terrier
2581:Burke, Anna (25 May 2018).
1653:Hendricks, Joan C. (1992).
1526:Hendricks, Joan C. (1992).
1204:The Bulldog Club of America
292:Cruelty to Animals Act 1835
275:a Butchers Bull or Bear Dog
3574:
3328:Alapaha Blue Blood Bulldog
3001:Staffordshire Bull Terrier
2207:10.1186/s40575-022-00118-5
1716:10.1053/j.tcam.2013.06.004
1400:10.1038/s41598-023-50458-w
1343:10.1038/s41598-022-10341-6
705:. Capstone Press. p.
697:Wilcox, Charlotte (1999).
36:
29:
3453:Perro de Presa Mallorquin
3243:
2615:. BBC. 12 December 2016.
2557:Can the Bulldog be Saved?
2088:10.1186/s40575-016-0034-0
1710:(3). Elsevier BV: 91–96.
1486:10.1186/s40575-016-0036-y
1288:"Bulldog - Did You Know?"
1092:"Get to Know the Bulldog"
869:. ABC-CLIO. p. 284.
754:Jesse, George R. (1866).
189:
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127:
94:
63:
2780:English Springer Spaniel
1777:Veterinary Ophthalmology
1174:"Bulldog breed standard"
1117:4 September 2012 at the
1097:22 December 2015 at the
863:Curnutt, Jordan (2001).
461:, stertorous breathing,
273:applied: "Canis pugnax,
32:Bulldog (disambiguation)
3185:Old Welsh Grey Sheepdog
1894:10.2460/javma.253.3.301
3448:Perro de Presa Canario
3443:Olde English Bulldogge
3378:Cão Fila de São Miguel
2996:Miniature Bull Terrier
2934:Sporting Lucas Terrier
2899:Parson Russell Terrier
2869:Dandie Dinmont Terrier
2820:Welsh Springer Spaniel
2770:English Cocker Spaniel
2765:Curly-Coated Retriever
1234:13 August 2012 at the
1130:Thomson, K.S. (1996).
1034:Bulldog Club do Brasil
673:British Bulldog (game)
622:, Mississippi State's
598:
537:A British study found
450:
406:
370:
330:
277:", as an entry in his
265:
3165:English White Terrier
3160:English Water Spaniel
3130:Black and Tan Terrier
2790:Flat-Coated Retriever
2562:13 March 2021 at the
1832:(12). MDPI AG: 2016.
1751:VeterinaryPartner.com
1248:Ewing, Susan (2006).
736:23 March 2014 at the
645:, the Prime Minister
604:often used as mascots
596:
589:Cultural significance
560:Pedigree Dogs Exposed
479:pharyngeal gag reflex
448:
400:
368:
328:
259:
149:Kennel club standards
3497:Cordoba fighting dog
3175:North Country Beagle
3109:King Charles Spaniel
3048:Pembroke Welsh Corgi
3043:Old English Sheepdog
3033:Cardigan Welsh Corgi
2874:Jack Russell Terrier
2737:West Country Harrier
2587:American Kennel Club
2533:. 22 February 2022.
1950:10.18849/ve.v7i4.534
1251:Bulldogs for dummies
921:, The Boswell Press
917:Oliff, D. B. (1988)
517:skin fold dermatitis
497:Statistics from the
467:skin fold dermatitis
411:American Kennel Club
27:British breed of dog
3517:Old English Bulldog
3393:Continental Bulldog
3230:Tweed Water Spaniel
3220:Toy Trawler Spaniel
3180:Old English Bulldog
3145:Cumberland Sheepdog
2503:. 2 February 2022.
1937:Veterinary Evidence
1839:10.3390/ani13122016
1335:2022NatSR..12.6415T
1176:. The Kennel Club.
1148:1996AmSci..84..220T
1064:Bulldog Information
1004:Bulldog Information
944:Bulldog Information
582:Oslo District Court
405:Champion bloodlines
296:Old English Bulldog
242:Old English Bulldog
47:Old English Bulldog
3438:Neapolitan Mastiff
3114:Northern Inuit Dog
2929:Smooth Fox Terrier
2904:Patterdale Terrier
2884:Manchester Terrier
2854:Bedlington Terrier
2805:Labrador Retriever
2727:Scottish Deerhound
2568:The New York Times
2339:10.1111/jsap.13067
2018:on 19 October 2010
1978:The New York Times
1388:Scientific Reports
1323:Scientific Reports
1298:on 1 December 2023
1136:American Scientist
668:List of dog breeds
599:
451:
407:
371:
331:
271:Christopher Merret
266:
3530:
3529:
3408:Dogue de Bordeaux
3388:Cimarrón Uruguayo
3275:
3274:
3135:Blue Paul Terrier
3058:Shetland Sheepdog
3038:Lancashire Heeler
3009:
3008:
2970:Yorkshire Terrier
2389:978-1-119-69368-0
2174:978-0-8138-1596-1
1790:10.1111/vop.13054
1261:978-0-7645-9979-8
907:978-0-7867-1436-0
876:978-1-57607-147-2
716:978-0-7368-0004-4
647:Winston Churchill
570:Dutch Kennel Club
532:Caesarean section
521:atopic dermatitis
510:patellar luxation
409:According to the
329:Bulldog from 1915
317:On 4 April 1873,
294:. Therefore, the
203:
202:
177:
176:
140:
139:
16:(Redirected from
3565:
3507:Fila da Terceira
3403:Dogue Brasileiro
3368:Campeiro Bulldog
3333:American Bulldog
3302:
3295:
3288:
3279:
2986:Bull and terrier
2949:Wire Fox Terrier
2919:Sealyham Terrier
2914:Scottish Terrier
2879:Lakeland Terrier
2849:Airedale Terrier
2835:
2795:Golden Retriever
2707:English Foxhound
2676:
2669:
2662:
2653:
2646:
2635:
2629:
2628:
2626:
2624:
2609:
2603:
2602:
2600:
2598:
2578:
2572:
2553:
2547:
2546:
2544:
2542:
2523:
2517:
2516:
2514:
2512:
2493:
2487:
2486:
2484:
2482:
2463:
2457:
2456:
2454:
2452:
2446:
2439:
2431:
2425:
2424:
2422:
2420:
2400:
2394:
2393:
2375:
2369:
2368:
2358:
2318:
2312:
2311:
2310:on 6 April 2016.
2309:
2303:. Archived from
2278:
2269:
2263:
2262:
2260:
2258:
2244:
2238:
2237:
2227:
2209:
2185:
2179:
2178:
2160:
2154:
2153:
2125:
2119:
2118:
2108:
2090:
2066:
2060:
2059:
2057:
2055:
2049:
2042:
2034:
2028:
2027:
2025:
2023:
2008:
2002:
2001:
1999:
1997:
1969:
1963:
1962:
1952:
1928:
1922:
1921:
1876:
1870:
1869:
1859:
1841:
1817:
1811:
1810:
1792:
1768:
1762:
1761:
1759:
1757:
1742:
1736:
1735:
1699:
1693:
1692:
1674:
1650:
1644:
1643:
1607:
1601:
1600:
1572:
1566:
1565:
1547:
1523:
1517:
1516:
1506:
1488:
1464:
1458:
1455:
1449:
1448:
1428:
1422:
1421:
1419:
1379:
1373:
1372:
1362:
1314:
1308:
1307:
1305:
1303:
1292:Animal On Planet
1284:
1278:
1277:
1275:
1273:
1245:
1239:
1226:
1220:
1219:
1217:
1215:
1196:
1190:
1189:
1187:
1185:
1170:
1164:
1163:
1161:
1159:
1127:
1121:
1108:
1102:
1089:
1080:
1079:
1077:
1075:
1056:
1050:
1049:
1047:
1045:
1026:
1020:
1019:
1017:
1015:
996:
990:
989:
987:
985:
966:
960:
959:
957:
955:
936:
930:
915:
909:
899:
893:
892:
890:
888:
860:
854:
853:
851:
849:
839:"Bulldog origin"
835:
829:
828:
826:
824:
814:"Bulldog origin"
810:
804:
803:
801:
799:
781:
775:
774:
772:
770:
751:
745:
727:
721:
720:
704:
694:
643:Second World War
578:Dutch government
493:Other conditions
343:Second World War
198:
192:
146:
96:
78:English Bulldog,
75:
68:
56:
43:American Bulldog
21:
3573:
3572:
3568:
3567:
3566:
3564:
3563:
3562:
3533:
3532:
3531:
3526:
3475:
3466:Serrano Bulldog
3433:Kurdish Mastiff
3418:Fila Brasileiro
3413:English Mastiff
3311:
3306:
3276:
3271:
3239:
3190:Paisley Terrier
3170:Norfolk Spaniel
3118:
3104:English Mastiff
3077:
3005:
2974:
2953:
2909:Plummer Terrier
2894:Norwich Terrier
2889:Norfolk Terrier
2841:
2824:
2760:Clumber Spaniel
2746:
2683:
2680:
2650:
2649:
2636:
2632:
2622:
2620:
2611:
2610:
2606:
2596:
2594:
2580:
2579:
2575:
2564:Wayback Machine
2554:
2550:
2540:
2538:
2525:
2524:
2520:
2510:
2508:
2501:The Independent
2495:
2494:
2490:
2480:
2478:
2473:. 31 May 2019.
2465:
2464:
2460:
2450:
2448:
2444:
2437:
2433:
2432:
2428:
2418:
2416:
2402:
2401:
2397:
2390:
2377:
2376:
2372:
2320:
2319:
2315:
2307:
2276:
2271:
2270:
2266:
2256:
2254:
2252:www.ufaw.org.uk
2246:
2245:
2241:
2187:
2186:
2182:
2175:
2162:
2161:
2157:
2127:
2126:
2122:
2068:
2067:
2063:
2053:
2051:
2050:on 27 July 2013
2047:
2040:
2036:
2035:
2031:
2021:
2019:
2010:
2009:
2005:
1995:
1993:
1971:
1970:
1966:
1930:
1929:
1925:
1878:
1877:
1873:
1819:
1818:
1814:
1770:
1769:
1765:
1755:
1753:
1744:
1743:
1739:
1701:
1700:
1696:
1652:
1651:
1647:
1609:
1608:
1604:
1574:
1573:
1569:
1525:
1524:
1520:
1466:
1465:
1461:
1456:
1452:
1439:(10): 512–524.
1430:
1429:
1425:
1381:
1380:
1376:
1316:
1315:
1311:
1301:
1299:
1286:
1285:
1281:
1271:
1269:
1262:
1247:
1246:
1242:
1236:Wayback Machine
1227:
1223:
1213:
1211:
1198:
1197:
1193:
1183:
1181:
1172:
1171:
1167:
1157:
1155:
1129:
1128:
1124:
1119:Wayback Machine
1112:Page 4, Image 4
1109:
1105:
1099:Wayback Machine
1090:
1083:
1073:
1071:
1058:
1057:
1053:
1043:
1041:
1028:
1027:
1023:
1013:
1011:
998:
997:
993:
983:
981:
974:The Kennel Club
968:
967:
963:
953:
951:
938:
937:
933:
916:
912:
900:
896:
886:
884:
877:
862:
861:
857:
847:
845:
837:
836:
832:
822:
820:
812:
811:
807:
797:
795:
790:. p. 169.
783:
782:
778:
768:
766:
753:
752:
748:
738:Wayback Machine
728:
724:
717:
696:
695:
691:
686:
659:
635:British culture
591:
565:The Kennel Club
555:
495:
443:
427:
422:
395:
363:
358:
319:The Kennel Club
301:Richard Nicolls
262:Philip Reinagle
254:
223:British Bulldog
219:English Bulldog
194:
190:
155:The Kennel Club
80:British Bulldog
79:
73:
54:
49:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3571:
3569:
3561:
3560:
3558:Companion dogs
3555:
3550:
3548:Bulldog breeds
3545:
3535:
3534:
3528:
3527:
3525:
3524:
3519:
3514:
3509:
3504:
3499:
3494:
3489:
3483:
3481:
3480:Extinct breeds
3477:
3476:
3474:
3473:
3468:
3463:
3460:
3455:
3450:
3445:
3440:
3435:
3430:
3425:
3423:French Bulldog
3420:
3415:
3410:
3405:
3400:
3398:Dogo Argentino
3395:
3390:
3385:
3380:
3375:
3370:
3365:
3360:
3355:
3350:
3345:
3340:
3335:
3330:
3325:
3319:
3317:
3313:
3312:
3307:
3305:
3304:
3297:
3290:
3282:
3273:
3272:
3270:
3269:
3244:
3241:
3240:
3238:
3237:
3232:
3227:
3222:
3217:
3212:
3207:
3202:
3197:
3195:Southern Hound
3192:
3187:
3182:
3177:
3172:
3167:
3162:
3157:
3152:
3147:
3142:
3137:
3132:
3126:
3124:
3120:
3119:
3117:
3116:
3111:
3106:
3101:
3096:
3091:
3085:
3083:
3079:
3078:
3076:
3075:
3073:Welsh Sheepdog
3070:
3065:
3060:
3055:
3050:
3045:
3040:
3035:
3030:
3025:
3023:Bearded Collie
3019:
3017:
3011:
3010:
3007:
3006:
3004:
3003:
2998:
2993:
2988:
2982:
2980:
2976:
2975:
2973:
2972:
2967:
2961:
2959:
2955:
2954:
2952:
2951:
2946:
2941:
2936:
2931:
2926:
2921:
2916:
2911:
2906:
2901:
2896:
2891:
2886:
2881:
2876:
2871:
2866:
2861:
2859:Border Terrier
2856:
2851:
2845:
2843:
2832:
2826:
2825:
2823:
2822:
2817:
2815:Sussex Spaniel
2812:
2807:
2802:
2797:
2792:
2787:
2782:
2777:
2775:English Setter
2772:
2767:
2762:
2756:
2754:
2748:
2747:
2745:
2744:
2739:
2734:
2729:
2724:
2719:
2714:
2709:
2704:
2699:
2693:
2691:
2685:
2684:
2681:
2679:
2678:
2671:
2664:
2656:
2648:
2647:
2630:
2604:
2573:
2548:
2518:
2488:
2471:vettimes.co.uk
2458:
2426:
2395:
2388:
2370:
2313:
2287:(2): 113–118.
2264:
2239:
2180:
2173:
2155:
2136:(6): 447–456.
2120:
2061:
2029:
2003:
1964:
1923:
1871:
1812:
1763:
1737:
1694:
1645:
1602:
1567:
1518:
1459:
1450:
1423:
1374:
1309:
1279:
1260:
1240:
1221:
1191:
1165:
1122:
1103:
1081:
1051:
1021:
991:
961:
931:
910:
894:
875:
855:
830:
805:
776:
746:
742:FCI Newsletter
722:
715:
688:
687:
685:
682:
681:
680:
675:
670:
665:
658:
655:
590:
587:
554:
551:
494:
491:
442:
439:
426:
423:
421:
418:
394:
391:
362:
359:
357:
354:
253:
250:
201:
200:
187:
186:
183:
179:
178:
175:
174:
169:
163:
162:
157:
151:
150:
142:
141:
138:
137:
134:
133:Life span
130:
129:
126:
122:
121:
118:
115:
112:
111:
108:
105:
101:
100:
92:
91:
86:
82:
81:
76:
70:
69:
61:
60:
52:
39:French Bulldog
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3570:
3559:
3556:
3554:
3551:
3549:
3546:
3544:
3541:
3540:
3538:
3523:
3520:
3518:
3515:
3513:
3510:
3508:
3505:
3503:
3500:
3498:
3495:
3493:
3492:Bullenbeisser
3490:
3488:
3485:
3484:
3482:
3478:
3472:
3469:
3467:
3464:
3461:
3459:
3456:
3454:
3451:
3449:
3446:
3444:
3441:
3439:
3436:
3434:
3431:
3429:
3426:
3424:
3421:
3419:
3416:
3414:
3411:
3409:
3406:
3404:
3401:
3399:
3396:
3394:
3391:
3389:
3386:
3384:
3383:Chongqing dog
3381:
3379:
3376:
3374:
3371:
3369:
3366:
3364:
3361:
3359:
3356:
3354:
3351:
3349:
3346:
3344:
3341:
3339:
3336:
3334:
3331:
3329:
3326:
3324:
3323:Alano Español
3321:
3320:
3318:
3316:Extant breeds
3314:
3310:
3303:
3298:
3296:
3291:
3289:
3284:
3283:
3280:
3268:
3264:
3260:
3256:
3255:Fell Terriers
3252:
3249:
3246:
3245:
3242:
3236:
3235:Welsh Hillman
3233:
3231:
3228:
3226:
3223:
3221:
3218:
3216:
3213:
3211:
3208:
3206:
3203:
3201:
3198:
3196:
3193:
3191:
3188:
3186:
3183:
3181:
3178:
3176:
3173:
3171:
3168:
3166:
3163:
3161:
3158:
3156:
3153:
3151:
3148:
3146:
3143:
3141:
3138:
3136:
3133:
3131:
3128:
3127:
3125:
3121:
3115:
3112:
3110:
3107:
3105:
3102:
3100:
3097:
3095:
3092:
3090:
3087:
3086:
3084:
3080:
3074:
3071:
3069:
3068:Smooth Collie
3066:
3064:
3061:
3059:
3056:
3054:
3051:
3049:
3046:
3044:
3041:
3039:
3036:
3034:
3031:
3029:
3028:Border Collie
3026:
3024:
3021:
3020:
3018:
3016:
3012:
3002:
2999:
2997:
2994:
2992:
2989:
2987:
2984:
2983:
2981:
2977:
2971:
2968:
2966:
2963:
2962:
2960:
2956:
2950:
2947:
2945:
2942:
2940:
2939:Welsh Terrier
2937:
2935:
2932:
2930:
2927:
2925:
2922:
2920:
2917:
2915:
2912:
2910:
2907:
2905:
2902:
2900:
2897:
2895:
2892:
2890:
2887:
2885:
2882:
2880:
2877:
2875:
2872:
2870:
2867:
2865:
2864:Cairn Terrier
2862:
2860:
2857:
2855:
2852:
2850:
2847:
2846:
2844:
2840:
2836:
2833:
2831:
2827:
2821:
2818:
2816:
2813:
2811:
2808:
2806:
2803:
2801:
2800:Gordon Setter
2798:
2796:
2793:
2791:
2788:
2786:
2785:Field Spaniel
2783:
2781:
2778:
2776:
2773:
2771:
2768:
2766:
2763:
2761:
2758:
2757:
2755:
2753:
2749:
2743:
2740:
2738:
2735:
2733:
2730:
2728:
2725:
2723:
2720:
2718:
2715:
2713:
2710:
2708:
2705:
2703:
2700:
2698:
2695:
2694:
2692:
2690:
2686:
2677:
2672:
2670:
2665:
2663:
2658:
2657:
2654:
2644:
2643:0-252-07030-5
2640:
2634:
2631:
2618:
2614:
2608:
2605:
2592:
2588:
2584:
2577:
2574:
2570:
2569:
2565:
2561:
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3225:Turnspit dog
3210:Talbot Hound
3200:Sleuth hound
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3015:Herding dogs
2991:Bull Terrier
2924:Skye Terrier
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678:Bulldog type
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616:Handsome Dan
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475:exophthalmos
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288:bull-baiting
285:
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246:bull-baiting
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196:domestic dog
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3522:Toy Bulldog
3502:Dogo Cubano
3363:Bully Kutta
3358:Bullmastiff
3215:Toy Bulldog
3094:Bullmastiff
2732:Welsh Hound
2511:11 February
2054:27 February
2022:10 February
1756:26 December
848:20 February
823:20 February
769:17 November
701:The Bulldog
663:Dogs portal
610:, Butler's
539:demodicosis
432:crossbreeds
393:Temperament
375:prognathism
356:Description
308:Bill George
74:Other names
3543:FCI breeds
3537:Categories
3458:Rottweiler
3428:Great Dane
3373:Cane Corso
3063:Smithfield
2979:Bull types
2958:Toy breeds
2722:Otterhound
2702:Bloodhound
2597:18 January
2419:14 January
2411:. London.
2257:30 January
1996:19 January
1302:28 January
1272:9 November
1184:29 October
1142:(3): 220.
1074:2 February
1044:2 February
1014:2 February
984:2 February
954:2 February
798:9 November
684:References
361:Appearance
213:of dog of
37:See also:
3348:Broholmer
3205:Staghound
3140:Buckhound
2712:Greyhound
2531:France 24
2409:The Times
2347:0022-4510
2216:2662-9380
2097:2052-6687
1986:0362-4331
1959:2396-9776
1902:0003-1488
1848:2076-2615
1799:1463-5216
1724:1938-9736
1681:0195-5616
1632:8750-7587
1589:0002-9645
1554:0195-5616
1495:2052-6687
1408:2045-2322
1351:2045-2322
614:, Yale's
240:from the
53:Dog breed
3512:Molossus
3338:Boerboel
3309:Mastiffs
3267:Lurchers
3263:Longdogs
2830:Terriers
2752:Gun dogs
2617:Archived
2591:Archived
2560:Archived
2541:28 March
2535:Archived
2505:Archived
2481:29 April
2475:Archived
2442:Archived
2413:Archived
2365:31584708
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1038:Archived
1008:Archived
978:Archived
948:Archived
881:Archived
792:Archived
763:Archived
734:Archived
729:(2013).
657:See also
483:cyanosis
425:Lifespan
172:standard
160:standard
18:Bulldogs
3353:Bulldog
3251:Collies
3123:Extinct
3089:Bulldog
2839:Working
2810:Pointer
2742:Whippet
2717:Harrier
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2451:30 June
2356:7003809
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1826:Animals
1689:1523786
1640:3693167
1597:3777646
1562:1523786
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1360:9050668
1331:Bibcode
1144:Bibcode
612:Blue IV
459:stridor
383:piebald
379:brindle
252:History
215:mastiff
207:Bulldog
117:Females
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3248:Types:
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843:NEBKC
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624:Bully
211:breed
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107:Males
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