312:
of thoroughly trained officials serving during good behavior we must have in any case: that is a plain business necessity. But the apprehension that such a body will be anything un-American clears away the moment it is asked. What is to constitute good behavior? For that question obviously carries its own answer on its face. Steady, hearty allegiance to the policy of the government they serve will constitute good behavior. That policy will have no taint of officialism about it. It will not be the creation of permanent officials, but of statesmen whose responsibility to public opinion will be direct and inevitable. Bureaucracy can exist only where the whole service of the state is removed from the common political life of the people, its chiefs as well as its rank and file. Its motives, its objects, its policy, its standards, must be bureaucratic. It would be difficult to point out any examples of impudent exclusiveness and arbitrariness on the part of officials doing service under a chief of department who really served the people, as all our chiefs of departments must be made to do. It would be easy, on the other hand, to adduce other instances like that of the influence of
38:
92:
311:
But to fear the creation of a domineering, illiberal officialism as a result of the studies I am here proposing is to miss altogether the principle upon which I wish most to insist. That principle is, that administration in the United States must be at all points sensitive to public opinion. A body
253:
Modern
Bureaucrat – Bureaucrats gained increasingly negative reputations throughout the second half of the 20th century. As populations grow it becomes harder for bureaucratic systems to work because it often involves a lot of paperwork, which increases processing times, which eventually will be
156:
Classical – someone who starts at a low level of public work and does not have to express opinions of their own in their professional capacities. They follow policy guidelines and gain increasing ranks within the system. Tax collectors, government accountants, police officers, fire fighters, and
186:
European – originally referred to as "Mandarins" stemming from the
Chinese word for government employee. Bureaucracy did not catch on in Europe very much due to the many different governments in the region, and constant change and advancement, and relative freedom of the upper class. With the
77:
Bureaucrats play various roles in modern society, by virtue of holding administrative, functional, and managerial positions in government. They carry out the day-to-day implementation of enacted policies for central government agencies, such as postal services, education and healthcare
290:
They must exercise their judgment and their skills, but their duty is to place these at the service of a higher authority. Ultimately they are responsible only for the impartial execution of assigned tasks and must sacrifice their personal judgment if it runs counter to their official
254:
nearly impossible to manage. The digital age and the
Internet have revolutionized Bureaucrats and the modern Bureaucrat has a different skill set than before. Also, the internet lowers the corruption levels of some Bureaucratic entities such as the Police Force due to social media and
68:
derives from "bureaucracy", which in turn derives from the French "bureaucratie" first known from the 18th century. Bureaucratic work had already been performed for many centuries. The term may also refer to managerial and directorial executives in the corporate sector.
238:, published in 1847, that "the long duration of the Chinese empire is solely and altogether owing to the good government which consists in the advancement of men of talent and merit only," and that the British must reform their civil service by making the institution
213:
wrote favourably of the idea, with
Voltaire claiming that the Chinese had "perfected moral science" and Quesnay advocating an economic and political system modeled after that of the Chinese. The implementation of
294:
Bureaucratic control is the use of rules, regulations, and formal authority to guide performance. It includes such things as budgets, statistical reports, and performance appraisals to regulate behavior and
242:. In 1958, though, after the formation of the European Union the job of the Bureaucrat became extremely important to help organize and govern such a large and diverse community. In 1961 the term
183:. After 1905, the Mandarins were replaced by modern civil servants. In 1949, the Communist Party took over China, and by their theory, all people were bureaucrats who worked for the government.
316:
in
Prussia, where the leadership of one statesman imbued with true public spirit transformed arrogant and perfunctory bureaux into public-spirited instruments of just government.
278:
They exercise the authority delegated to them in accordance with impersonal rules, and their loyalty is enlisted on behalf of the faithful execution of their official duties.
179:
is the earliest recording of
Chinese bureaucrats. There was a 9 rank system, each rank having more power than the lower rank. This type of bureaucrat went on until the
37:
1000:
974:
911:
313:
891:
926:
751:
598:
953:
57:
and can compose the administration of any organization of any size, although the term usually connotes someone within an institution of
1021:
376:
984:
687:
519:
139:
936:
31:
707:
1026:
979:
219:
1031:
946:
941:
665:
643:
215:
117:
247:
161:
533:
896:
744:
113:
102:
121:
106:
921:
906:
839:
854:
844:
433:
152:
Bureaucrats can be split into different categories based on the system, nationality, and time they come from.
931:
886:
864:
849:
356:
255:
230:
of China based on the suggestion of
Northcote–Trevelyan Report. Thomas Taylor Meadows, Britain's consul in
958:
916:
901:
859:
737:
813:
336:
168:
871:
223:
192:
606:
881:
562:
210:
414:
351:
779:
683:
661:
639:
515:
287:
Their work is rewarded by a regular salary and prospects of advancement in a lifetime career.
653:
631:
227:
711:
675:
384:
160:
American bureaucrats – these are different from other types because they operate within a
823:
594:
300:
281:
Their appointment and job placement are dependent upon their technical qualifications.
1015:
818:
803:
774:
760:
718:
704:
326:
201:
799:
341:
239:
199:
reached intellectuals in the West, who saw it as an alternative to the traditional
180:
176:
42:
275:
They are personally free and appointed to their position on the basis of conduct.
794:
784:
456:
331:
196:
91:
54:
405:
Al-Hegelan, Abdelrahman (1985). "Bureaucracy and
Development in Saudi Arabia".
172:
58:
636:
The
Bureaucratic Entrepreneur: How to Be Effective in Any Unruly Organization
250:, a journalist at the time. A Eurocrat is a bureaucrat of the European Union.
576:
346:
268:
231:
188:
17:
808:
243:
206:
876:
418:
482:
218:
as a systematic, meritocratic civil service bureaucracy, followed the
164:, and the political culture traditionally seeks to limit their power.
226:. This system was modeled on the imperial examinations system and
36:
729:
733:
512:
The expansion of
England: race, ethnicity and cultural history
85:
724:
605:. Vol. 2, no. 2. pp. 197–222. Archived from
658:
The Case for Bureaucracy: a Public Administration Polemic
157:
military personnel are examples of classical bureaucrats.
680:
The Bureaucratic Experience: the Post-Modern Challenge
303:, later a US president, professed in his 1887 article
236:
Desultory Notes on the Government and People of China
284:
Their administrative work is a full-time occupation.
222:
of 1854 which was influenced by the ancient Chinese
967:
832:
767:
377:"bureaucrat – definition of bureaucrat in English"
271:defined a bureaucratic official as the following:
725:National Association of Professional Bureaucrats
489:. Independence Hall Association in Philadelphia
309:
78:administration, and various regulatory bodies.
434:"The North Korean bureaucracy is here to stay"
171:" – Mandarins were important from 605 to 1905
745:
8:
1001:Civil service reform in developing countries
120:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
752:
738:
730:
660:(4th ed.). Washington, DC: CQ Press.
682:(5th ed.). Armonk, NY: M.E. Sharpe.
638:. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution.
140:Learn how and when to remove this message
556:
554:
368:
7:
506:
504:
118:adding citations to reliable sources
714:, Lecture—Max Weber: On Bureaucracy
457:"CSS Exam Pattern and Paper Format"
975:National civil service commissions
167:Chinese bureaucrats, also called "
25:
432:Lankov, Andrei (6 October 2014).
90:
487:US History American Government
455:Kazmi, Kumail (May 31, 2020).
1:
599:"The Study of Administration"
381:Oxford Dictionaries | English
162:republican form of government
563:"China: A Teaching Workbook"
532:Walker, David (2003-07-09).
603:Political Science Quarterly
581:Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft
305:The Study of Administration
216:His Majesty's Civil Service
1048:
483:"Who Are the Bureaucrats?"
220:Northcote–Trevelyan Report
29:
1022:Bureaucratic organization
993:
263:Attributes of bureaucrats
45:official, 7th–8th century
985:Civil service by country
510:Schwarz, Bill. (1996).
407:The Middle East Journal
357:The Man from U.N.C.L.E.
27:Member of a bureaucracy
1027:Government occupations
980:Government occupations
565:. Columbia University.
318:
234:, China argued in his
46:
1032:Public administration
814:Public administration
337:Mandarin (bureaucrat)
40:
833:By country/territory
654:Goodsell, Charles T.
224:imperial examination
169:Mandarin bureaucrats
114:improve this section
30:For other uses, see
514:. Psychology Pres;
387:on October 23, 2016
267:German sociologist
195:, the concept of a
82:Types of bureaucrat
717:Ludwig von Mises,
710:2012-04-30 at the
583:. pp. 650–78.
352:Teleadministration
47:
1009:
1008:
780:Government agency
632:Haass, Richard N.
191:texts during the
150:
149:
142:
53:is a member of a
16:(Redirected from
1039:
947:Northern Ireland
754:
747:
740:
731:
703:John Kilcullen,
693:
676:Hummel, Ralph P.
671:
649:
618:
617:
615:
614:
591:
585:
584:
573:
567:
566:
558:
549:
548:
546:
545:
529:
523:
508:
499:
498:
496:
494:
479:
473:
472:
470:
468:
452:
446:
445:
443:
441:
429:
423:
422:
402:
396:
395:
393:
392:
383:. Archived from
373:
299:As an academic,
211:François Quesnay
145:
138:
134:
131:
125:
94:
86:
21:
1047:
1046:
1042:
1041:
1040:
1038:
1037:
1036:
1012:
1011:
1010:
1005:
989:
963:
828:
763:
758:
712:Wayback Machine
700:
690:
674:
668:
652:
646:
630:
627:
625:Further reading
622:
621:
612:
610:
593:
592:
588:
575:
574:
570:
560:
559:
552:
543:
541:
531:
530:
526:
509:
502:
492:
490:
481:
480:
476:
466:
464:
454:
453:
449:
439:
437:
431:
430:
426:
404:
403:
399:
390:
388:
375:
374:
370:
365:
323:
265:
187:translation of
146:
135:
129:
126:
111:
95:
84:
75:
73:Role in society
35:
32:The Bureaucrats
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1045:
1043:
1035:
1034:
1029:
1024:
1014:
1013:
1007:
1006:
1004:
1003:
994:
991:
990:
988:
987:
982:
977:
971:
969:
965:
964:
962:
961:
959:European Union
956:
951:
950:
949:
942:United Kingdom
939:
934:
929:
924:
919:
914:
909:
904:
899:
894:
889:
884:
879:
874:
869:
868:
867:
857:
852:
847:
842:
836:
834:
830:
829:
827:
826:
824:Public service
821:
816:
811:
806:
797:
792:
787:
782:
777:
771:
769:
765:
764:
759:
757:
756:
749:
742:
734:
728:
727:
722:
715:
699:
698:External links
696:
695:
694:
688:
672:
666:
650:
644:
626:
623:
620:
619:
595:Woodrow Wilson
586:
568:
561:Bodde, Derke.
550:
524:
500:
474:
447:
424:
397:
367:
366:
364:
361:
360:
359:
354:
349:
344:
339:
334:
329:
322:
319:
301:Woodrow Wilson
297:
296:
292:
288:
285:
282:
279:
276:
264:
261:
260:
259:
251:
246:was coined by
184:
165:
158:
148:
147:
98:
96:
89:
83:
80:
74:
71:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1044:
1033:
1030:
1028:
1025:
1023:
1020:
1019:
1017:
1002:
999:
996:
995:
992:
986:
983:
981:
978:
976:
973:
972:
970:
966:
960:
957:
955:
954:United States
952:
948:
945:
944:
943:
940:
938:
935:
933:
930:
928:
925:
923:
920:
918:
915:
913:
910:
908:
905:
903:
900:
898:
895:
893:
890:
888:
885:
883:
880:
878:
875:
873:
870:
866:
863:
862:
861:
858:
856:
853:
851:
848:
846:
843:
841:
838:
837:
835:
831:
825:
822:
820:
819:Public policy
817:
815:
812:
810:
807:
805:
804:Spoils system
801:
798:
796:
793:
791:
788:
786:
783:
781:
778:
776:
775:Public sector
773:
772:
770:
766:
762:
761:Civil service
755:
750:
748:
743:
741:
736:
735:
732:
726:
723:
721:, Bureaucracy
720:
716:
713:
709:
706:
702:
701:
697:
691:
689:9780765610102
685:
681:
677:
673:
669:
663:
659:
655:
651:
647:
641:
637:
633:
629:
628:
624:
609:on 2010-06-13
608:
604:
600:
597:(June 1887).
596:
590:
587:
582:
578:
572:
569:
564:
557:
555:
551:
539:
535:
528:
525:
521:
520:0-415-06025-7
517:
513:
507:
505:
501:
488:
484:
478:
475:
463:. smadent.com
462:
458:
451:
448:
435:
428:
425:
420:
416:
412:
408:
401:
398:
386:
382:
378:
372:
369:
362:
358:
355:
353:
350:
348:
345:
343:
340:
338:
335:
333:
330:
328:
327:Civil servant
325:
324:
320:
317:
315:
308:
306:
302:
293:
289:
286:
283:
280:
277:
274:
273:
272:
270:
262:
257:
252:
249:
248:Richard Mayne
245:
241:
237:
233:
229:
225:
221:
217:
212:
208:
204:
203:
202:ancien regime
198:
194:
193:Enlightenment
190:
185:
182:
178:
174:
170:
166:
163:
159:
155:
154:
153:
144:
141:
133:
123:
119:
115:
109:
108:
104:
99:This section
97:
93:
88:
87:
81:
79:
72:
70:
67:
62:
60:
56:
52:
44:
39:
33:
19:
997:
800:Merit system
789:
679:
657:
635:
611:. Retrieved
607:the original
602:
589:
580:
571:
542:. Retrieved
540:. London, UK
538:The Guardian
537:
527:
511:
491:. Retrieved
486:
477:
465:. Retrieved
460:
450:
438:. Retrieved
436:. NKNews.org
427:
413:(1): 48–68.
410:
406:
400:
389:. Retrieved
385:the original
380:
371:
342:Nomenklatura
310:
304:
298:
266:
240:meritocratic
235:
200:
181:Qing dynasty
177:Zhou dynasty
151:
136:
127:
112:Please help
100:
76:
65:
63:
50:
48:
43:Tang dynasty
41:Statue of a
912:New Zealand
795:Technocracy
785:Bureaucracy
534:"Fair game"
332:Apparatchik
258:journalism.
228:bureaucracy
205:of Europe.
197:meritocracy
55:bureaucracy
18:Bureaucrats
1016:Categories
968:Categories
845:Bangladesh
790:Bureaucrat
667:1568029071
645:0815733534
613:2008-03-25
544:2003-07-09
391:2016-10-23
363:References
130:March 2018
66:bureaucrat
59:government
51:bureaucrat
998:See also:
937:Sri Lanka
932:Singapore
865:Hong Kong
840:Australia
719:Mises.org
705:Mq.edu.au
577:Max Weber
493:13 August
440:13 August
347:Salaryman
269:Max Weber
232:Guangzhou
189:Confucian
101:does not
64:The term
922:Pakistan
907:Malaysia
809:Diplomat
768:Concepts
708:Archived
678:(2008).
656:(2004).
634:(1999).
321:See also
295:results.
244:Eurocrat
207:Voltaire
917:Nigeria
892:Ireland
877:Germany
467:June 1,
461:Smadent
419:4326973
291:duties.
122:removed
107:sources
927:Russia
882:Greece
872:France
855:Canada
850:Brazil
686:
664:
642:
518:
417:
256:pro–am
175:. The
902:Japan
897:Italy
887:India
860:China
415:JSTOR
314:Stein
684:ISBN
662:ISBN
640:ISBN
516:ISBN
495:2015
469:2020
442:2015
209:and
105:any
103:cite
116:by
1018::
802:/
601:.
579:.
553:^
536:.
503:^
485:.
459:.
411:39
409:.
379:.
307::
173:CE
61:.
49:A
753:e
746:t
739:v
692:.
670:.
648:.
616:.
547:.
522:.
497:.
471:.
444:.
421:.
394:.
143:)
137:(
132:)
128:(
124:.
110:.
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
