Basra - Knowledge (XXG)

1221: 1153: 619: 148: 112: 953: 571: 759:, while the rest had become desert. This system consists of a regular pattern of two-meter-high ridges in straight lines, separated by old canal beds. The ridges are extremely saline, with salt deposits up to 20 centimeters thick, and are completely barren. The former canal beds are less salty and can support a small population of salt-resistant plants. Contemporary authors recorded how the Zanj slaves were put to work clearing the fields of salty topsoil and putting them into piles; the result was the ridges that remain today. This represents an enormous amount of work: 2475: 2739: 1371:, then commander of U.S. forces in the Persian Gulf, acknowledged that it was possible that "a missile may have been errant." While such casualty numbers pale in comparison to later events, the bombing occurred one day after Arab foreign ministers, meeting in Egypt, refused to condemn four days of air strikes against Iraq in December 1998. This was described by Iraqi information minister Human Abdel-Khaliq as giving U.S.-led forces "an Arab green card" to continue their involvement in the conflict. 123: 2612: 105: 213: 2841: 180: 1256: 2877: 1295: 768:

sacked in by Zanj rebels in the late 800s and then by the Qarmatians in the early 900s, there was no financial incentive to invest in restoring the irrigation system, and the infrastructure was almost completely abandoned. Finally, in the late 900s, the city of Basra was entirely relocated, with the old site being abandoned and a new one developing on the banks of the Shatt al-Arab, where it has remained ever since.

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government commenced challenging the "no fly zones" unilaterally imposed on the country by the United States, following the 1991 Persian Gulf war. During the month of January 1999, there were more than 100 incursions by Iraqi aircraft and 20 instances of Iraqi surface-to-air missiles being filed. The January bombing of Basra occurred in the context of retaliatory attacks by the United States.

2559: 2529: 2414: 4689: 2549: 1106: 2861: 2539: 286: 2573:, the first mosque in Islam outside the Arabian peninsula. Sinbad Island is located in the centre of Shatt Al-Arab, near the Miinaalmakl, and extends above the bridge Khaled and is a tourist landmark. The Muhhmad Baquir Al-Sadr Bridge, at the union of the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers, was completed in 2017. Sayab's House Ruins is the site of the most famous home of the poet 1558: 1348: 94: 130: 220: 187: 3050:). They often acted as Safavid proxies and were led by a Safavid governor. They participated in campaigns against the Arabs of southern Iraq and Basra. Matthee notes that even though they were nominal Safavid subjects, they had a broad scope of autonomy, and their territory served as a buffer between the Ottomans and the Iranians. 1566:

irrigation and other agricultural use. These canals were once used to transport goods and people throughout the city, but during the last two decades, pollution and a continuous drop in water levels have made river navigation impossible in the canals. Basra is roughly 110 km (68 mi) from the Persian Gulf.

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There are four formal presidential palaces in Basra. The Latin Church is located on 14 July Street. Indian Market (Amogaiz) is one of the main bazaars in the city. It is called the Indian Market, since it had Indian vendors working there at the beginning of the last century. Hanna-Sheikh Bazaar is an

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as his suzerain who in turn confirmed him as governor of Basra. The Arab provinces of the Ottoman Empire exercised a great deal of independence, and they even often raised their own troops. Though Basra had submitted to the Ottomans, the Ottoman hold over Basra was tenuous at the time. This changed a

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visited Basra in the 14th century, noting it "was renowned throughout the whole world, spacious in area and elegant in its courts, remarkable for its numerous fruit-gardens and its choice fruits, since it is the meeting place of the two seas, the salt and the fresh." Ibn Battuta also noted that Basra

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Ultimately, Basra's irrigation canals were unsustainable, because they were built at too little of a slope for the water flow to carry salt deposits away. This required the clearing of salty topsoil by the Zanj slaves in order to keep the fields from becoming too saline to grow crops. After Basra was

2587:. Corniche al-Basra is a street which runs on the shore of the Shatt al-Arab; it goes from the Lion of Babylon Square to the Four Palaces. Basra International Hotel (formally known as Basra Sheraton Hotel) is located on the Corniche street. The only five star hotel in the city, it is notable for its 737:

pleaded to the caliph Umar that, whereas other Muslim settlers were established in well-watered areas with extensive farmland, the people of Basra had only "reedy salt marsh which never dries up and where pasture never grows, bounded on the east by brackish water and on the west by waterless desert.

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An all-time high temperature was recorded on 22 July 2016, when daytime readings soared to 53.9 °C (129.0 °F), which is the highest temperature that has ever been recorded in Iraq. This is one of the hottest temperatures ever measured on the planet. The following night, the night time low

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ruler, Basra and the Moshasha became part of the Safavid Empire. This was the first time Basra had come under Safavid suzerainty. In 1524, following Ismail I's death, the local ruling dynasty of Basra, the Al-Mughamis, resumed effective control over the city. Twelve years later, in 1536, during the

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These air strikes, by British and USAF warplanes and U.S. cruise missiles, were said to be in response to a release of a report by UN weapons inspectors stating that, as of 1998, the government of Iraq was obstructing their inspection work. Following the four days of bombing in December, the Iraqi

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His proper name and position description appears to be in error, in that he appears to have held a more junior role at the time. Humam Abd al-Khaliq Abd al-Ghafur was Iraqi Information Minister between 1997 and 2001. The Iraqi Information Minister between 1991 and 1996 was Hamid Yusuf Hammadi. See

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on the southeastern coast of Basra Governorate, which is considered a national project for Iraq, is expected to strengthen Iraq's geopolitical position by giving the country the largest port in the Middle East and one of the largest in the world. Furthermore, Iraq is planning to establish a large

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Sayyed Ali al-Musawi Mosque, also known as the Mosque of the Children of Amer, is located in the city centre, on Al-Gazear Street, and it was built for Shia Imami's leader Sayyed Ali al-Moussawi, whose followers lived in Iraq and neighbouring countries. The Fun City of Basra, which is now called

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than inland locations due to its location near the coast. During the summer months, from June to August, Basra is consistently one of the hottest cities on the planet, with temperatures regularly exceeding 50 °C (122 °F) in July and August. In winter Basra experiences mild and somewhat

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took Basra in 1529. In 1550, the local Kingdom of Basra and tribal rulers trusted the Portuguese against the Ottomans, from then on the Portuguese threatened to invoke an invasion and conquest of Basra several times. From 1595 the Portuguese acted as military protectors of Basra, and in 1624 the

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Nevertheless, Basra overcame these natural disadvantages and rapidly grew into the second-largest city in Iraq, if not the entire Islamic world. Its role as a military encampment meant that the soldiers had to be fed, and since those soldiers were receiving government salaries, they had money to

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infiltration into the Iraqi Police. When the police attempted to pull the soldiers out of their car, they opened fire on the officers, killing two. The SAS soldiers attempted to escape before being beaten and arrested by the police, who took them to the Al Jameat police station. British forces

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Basra is located in the Arabian Peninsula on the Shatt-Al-Arab waterway, downstream of which is the Persian Gulf. The Shatt-Al-Arab and Basra waterways define the eastern and western borders of Basra, respectively. The city is penetrated by a complex network of canals and streams, vital for

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Major-General Abdul Jalil Khalaf was appointed Police Chief by the central government with the task of taking on the militias. He was outspoken against the targeting of women by the militias. Talking to the BBC, he said that his determination to tackle the militia had led to almost daily

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is the main deep-water port with 22 platforms, some of which are dedicated to specific goods (such as sulphur, seeds, lubricant oil, etc.) The other five ports are smaller in scale and more narrowly specialized. Fishing was an important business before the oil boom. The city also has

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Basra Land, is one of the oldest theme-park entertainment cities in the south of the country, and the largest involving a large number of games giants. It was damaged during the war, and has been rebuilt. Akhora Park is one of the city's older parks. It is located on al-Basra Street.

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slaves from Africa were put to work on these construction projects, most of the labor was done by free men working for wages. Governors sometimes directly supervised these projects, but usually they simply assigned the land while most of the financing was done by private investors.

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The result of these investments was a massive irrigation system covering some 57,000 hectares between the Shatt al-Arab and the now-dry western channel of the Tigris. This system was first reported in 962, when just 8,000 hectares of it remained in use, for the cultivation of

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of Basra in repelling a Persian invasion. The Portuguese were granted a share of the customs revenue and freedom from tolls. From about 1625 until 1668, Basra and the Delta marshlands were in the hands of local chieftains independent of the Ottoman administration at Baghdad.

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The British transferred control of Basra province to the Iraqi authorities in 2007, four-and-a-half years after the invasion. A BBC survey of local residents found that 86% thought the presence of British forces since 2003 had had an overall negative effect on the province.

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spend. Thus, both the government and private entrepreneurs invested heavily in developing a vast agricultural infrastructure in the Basra region. These investments were made with the expectation of a profitable return, indicating the value of the Basra food market. Although

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and thus lacked access to maritime trade and, more importantly, to fresh water. Additionally, neither historical texts nor archaeological finds indicate that there was much of an agricultural hinterland in the area before Basra was founded. Indeed, in an anecdote related by

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moist conditions with average high temperatures around 20 °C (68 °F). On some winter nights, minimum temperatures are below 0 °C (32 °F). High humidity – sometimes exceeding 90% – is common due to the proximity to the marshy Persian Gulf.

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recognized Basra as Iraq's economic capital. Basra has emerged as an important commercial and industrial center for the country, as the city is home to a large number of manufacturing industries ranging from petrochemical to water treatment.

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received Basra as a fief. In 1126, Zengi suppressed a revolt and in 1129, Dabis looted the Basra state treasury. A 1200 map "on the eve of the Mongol invasions" shows the Abbasid Caliphate as ruling lower Iraq and, presumably, Basra.

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decade later; in 1546, following a tribal struggle involving the Moshasha and the local ruler of Zakiya (near Basra), the Ottomans sent a force to Basra. This resulted in tighter (but still, nominal) Ottoman control over Basra.

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adds: "If the first two reveal that Basra was still predominantly an Arab town, the existence of an Iranian quarter clearly reveals the legacy of long centuries of intimate contact between Basra and the Iranian plateau."

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calculated that 45 million tons of earth were moved in total, and with his extremely high estimate of one man moving two tons of soil per day, this would have taken a decade of strenuous work by 25,000 men.

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were recorded in the Ottoman census as early as 1911, and a small number of them live in Basra. However, a significant number of the modern community are refugees fleeing persecution from ISIS in the

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initially denied carrying out the operation, which was criticised by Iraqi officials, before subsequently admitting it and claiming the two soldiers would have been executed if they were not rescued.

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in the direction of Kuwait was a Sunni majority town, but the burgeoning population of Basra has spilled over into Zubair, turning it into an extension of Basra with a slight Shia majority as well.

1244:) subsequently modernized Basra's harbor, which due to the increased commercial activity in the area became one of the most important ports in the Persian Gulf, developing new mercantile links with 693:

reorganised the Persian frontier, installed ʿAbdullah ibn Amir as Basra's governor, and put the military's southern wing under Basra's control. Ibn Amir led his forces to their final victory over

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A second revolt in 1999 led to mass executions by the Iraqi government in and around Basra. Subsequently, the Iraqi government deliberately neglected the city, and much commerce was diverted to

658:, which was destroyed by the Arabs. The name Al-Basrah, which in Arabic means "the over watching" or "the seeing everything," was given to it because of its role as a military base against the 2583:

is the largest sport city in the Middle East, located on the Shatt al-Basra. Palm tree forests are largely located on the shores of shatt-al Arab waterway, especially in the nearby village of

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reconquered Basra in 691, and Basra remained loyal to his governor al-Hajjaj during Ibn Ashʿath's mutiny (699–702). However, Basra did support the rebellion of Yazid ibn al-Muhallab against

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was appointed Caliph. Ali first installed Uthman ibn Hanif as Basra's governor, who was followed by ʿAbdullah ibn ʿAbbas. These men held the city for Ali until the latter's death in 661.

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Workers in Basra's oil industry have been involved in extensive organization and labour conflict. They held a two-day strike in August 2003, and formed the nucleus of the independent

498:. Basra is consistently one of the hottest cities in Iraq, with summer temperatures regularly exceeding 50 °C (122 °F). The hottest recorded temperature in Basra is 53.9°C. 956:

Basra designed by the Portuguese at the end of the 16th century, according to the representation of the "Lyvro de plantaforma of the fortresses of India" codex of São julião da Barra

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reported "about 4000 Jews and perhaps 6000 Christians" living in Basra Vilayet, but no Turks other than Ottoman officials. In 1884 the Ottomans responded to local pressure from the

784:'s death in 683. The Sufyanids' first governor was Umayyad ʿAbdullah, a renowned military leader, commanding fealty and financial demands from Karballah, but poor governor. In 664, 2516:, many Christians have returned to their Homeland in the Nineveh plains. In 2018 there are about a few thousand Christians in Basra. One of the largest communities of pre-Islamic 1336:

erected 99 memorial statues to Iraqi military officers killed during the war along the bank of the Shatt-al-Arab river, all pointing their fingers towards Iran. After the 1991

2706:, and livestock. For a long time, Basra was known for the superior quality of its dates. Basra was known in the 1960s for its sugar market, a fact that figured heavily in the 2659:

industry, which includes the Southern Fertilizer Company and The State Company for Petrochemical Industries (SCPI). The Southern Fertilizer Company produces ammonia solution,

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In April 2008, following the failure to disarm militant groups, both Major-General Abdul Jalil Khalaf and General Mohan Furaiji were removed from their positions in Basra.

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against Basra on 25 January 1999. The airstrikes resulted in missiles landing in the al-Jumhuriya neighborhood of Basra, killed 11 Iraqi civilians and wounding 59. General

2951:, Ahmad and Abu flee to the city from Bagdad. Ahmad falls in love with the sultan's beautiful daughter, who is also desired by his enemy, and former Grand Vizier, Jaffar. 1542:

against the lack of clean drinking water and electrical power in the city during the height of summer in 2018. Some protesters stormed the Iranian consulate in the city.

1538:, after concerns over preparations and security. Iraq was also due to host the 2013 tournament, but that was moved to Bahrain. At least 10 demonstrators died as they 2577:. There is also a statue of Sayab, one of the statues in Basra done by the artist and sculptor nada' Kadhum, located on al-Basrah Corniche; it was unveiled in 1972. 2478:

The Armenian Church in Basra, Iraq, dates from 1736 but has been rebuilt three times. The portrait of the Virgin Mary in the church was brought from India in 1882.

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erupted in Basra. The widespread revolt was against the Iraqi government who violently put down the rebellion, with much death and destruction inflicted on Basra.

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and surrounding areas during this time. Political groups centered in Basra were reported to have close links with political parties already in power in the

1169: 6040: 4573: 4498: 3694: 1427: 792:, often called "ibn Abihi" ("son of his own father"), who became infamous for his draconian rules regarding public order. On Ziyad's death in 673, his son 4091: 3358:

Arce, Ignacio (1 January 2008). "Umayyad Building Techniques and the Merging of Roman-Byzantine and Partho-Sassanian Traditions: Continuity and Change".

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population is small and dropping in their percentage as more Iraqi Shias move into Basra for various job or welfare opportunities. The satellite town of

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amid fears of an uprising. ʿUbayd Allah amassed an army of thousands of soldiers and fought Husayn's army of approximately 70 in a place called

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according to Floor (2008), a certain Shaykh Afrasiyab (the local ruler of Basra, not to be mistaken with the later Afrasiyab of Basra) came to

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The Arab Al-Mughamis tribe established control over Basra in the early fifteenth century, however, they quickly fell under influence of the

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In March 2008, the Iraqi Army launched a major offensive, code-named Saulat al-Fursan (Charge of the White Knights), aimed at forcing the

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was founded in 1964. By 1977, the population had risen to a peak population of some 1.5 million. The population declined during the

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a few kilometers south of the present city still marks the original site which was a military site. While defeating the forces of the

4529: 4477: 3496: 3307: 2770: 2461: 1454:, who had been researching and reporting on corruption and militia activity in the city, was kidnapped and killed on 2 August 2005. 1594:

temperature was 38.8 °C (101.8 °F), which was one of the highest minimum temperatures on any given day, only outshone by

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near Kufa. ʿUbayd Allah's army was victorious; Husayn and his followers were killed and their heads were sent to Yazid as proof.

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We have no cultivation or stock farming to provide us with our livelihood or food, which comes to us as through the throat of an

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In March through to May 2003, the outskirts of Basra were the scene of some of the heaviest fighting in the beginning of the

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Madelung, Wilferd. "Abd Allah b. al-Zubayr and the Mahdi" in the Journal of Near Eastern Studies 40. 1981. pp. 291–305.

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The city of Basra was once well known for its agriculture, but that has since altered due to rising temperatures, increased

1393:(GUOE) in June 2004. The union held a one-day strike in July 2005, and publicly opposes plans for privatizing the industry. 1415:, captured the city on 6 April 2003. This city was the first stop for the United States and the United Kingdom during the 3110: 3063:

in 1504 to pledge his allegiance to Ismail I. Ismail I in turn confirmed him in his possessions and position as governor (

1450:. January 2005 elections saw several radical politicians gain office, supported by religious parties. American journalist 998:

sacked Baghdad and ended Abbasid rule. By some accounts, Basra capitulated to the Mongols to avoid a massacre. The Mamluk

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means "the overwatcher," which may have been an allusion to the city's origin as an Arab military base against the

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Shipping, logistics and transport are also major industries in Basra. Basra is home to all of Iraq's six ports;

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Reports, Maps and Assessments of Iraq's Governorates from the UN Inter-Agency Information & Analysis Unit

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Buyid dynasty. He was the first Seljuk ruler to style himself Sultan and Protector of the Abbasid Caliphate.

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by the agricultural slaves of the lowlands affected the area. In 871, the Zanj sacked Basra. In 923, the

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Basra is Iraq's main port, although it does not have deep water access, which is handled at the port of

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The city was founded at the beginning of the Islamic era in 636 and began as a garrison encampment for

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from the Ottomans, occupying the city on 22 November 1914. British officials and engineers (including

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Titles and Emoluments in Safavid Iran: A Third Manual of Safavid Administration, by Mirza Naqi Nasiri

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Why Basra was chosen as a site for the new city remains unclear. The original site lay 15km from the

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consisted of three-quarters: the Hudayl quarter, the Banu Haram quarter, and the Iranian quarter (

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The city has had many names throughout history, Basrah being the most common. In Arabic, the word

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waterway, 55 kilometers (34 mi) from the Persian Gulf and 545 kilometers (339 mi) from

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Basra was, for a long time, a flourishing commercial and cultural center. It was captured by the

980: 831: 760: 643: 506: 5450: 4647: 4024:"Two Middle East locations hit 129 degrees, hottest ever in Eastern Hemisphere, maybe the world" 2611: 2337: 1310: 526: 5470: 4688: 4450: 3666: 3402:"The Feeding of the five Hundred Thousand: Cities and Agriculture in Early Islamic Mesopotamia" 3183: 1224:

Turkish prisoners passing along the bank of Ashar Creek, nearing Whiteley's Bridge, Basra 1917.

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and was the scene of repeated attempts at resistance. From 1697 to 1701, Basra was once again

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assassination attempts. This was taken as sign that he was serious in opposing the militias.

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were the Buyid rulers of Basra during the 970s, 980s and 990s. Sanad al-Dawla al-Habashi (

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Matthee, Rudi (2006a). "Between Arabs, Turks and Iranians: The Town of Basra, 1600-1700".

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Merchants, Mamluks, and Murder: The Political Economy of Trade in Eighteenth-Century Basra

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emerging after a collapse of civilization, and becomes in effect the capital of the world.

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Hallaq, Wael. The Origins and Evolution of Islamic Law. Cambridge University Press, 2005

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briefly occupied Basra after a long siege in 1775–9. The Zands attempted at introducing

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ruled Baghdad and most of Iraq. Abu al Qasim al-Baridis, who still controlled Basra and

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in Basra. The two soldiers were part of an SAS operation investigating allegations of

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In 639, Umar established this encampment as a city with five districts, and appointed

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live in the city, whose headquarters was in the area formerly called Suk esh-Sheikh.

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Finally, Ibn al-Zubayr appointed his own brother Mus'ab. In 686, the revolutionary

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out of Basra. The assault was planned by General Mohan Furaiji and approved by

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in the Persian Gulf in the 16th and 17th century. Main cities, ports and routes.

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when it gained its independence in 1932. Basra suffered great losses during the

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Basra is in a fertile agricultural region, with major products including rice,

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old market; it was established by the powerful and famous Hanna-Sheikh family.

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Ibn al-Harith spent his year in office trying to put down Nafi' ibn al-Azraq's

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The population of Basra was 101,535 in 1947, and reached 219,167 in 1957. The

1298: 1054:, successively. The Al-Mughamis' control of Basra had become nominal by 1436; 1051: 908: 839: 827: 669:

as its first governor. The city was built in a circular plan according to the

550: 4401: 3379: 1585:), like the rest of the surrounding region, though it receives slightly more 263: 250: 5626: 5596: 5029: 5009: 4956: 4923: 4903: 4841: 4811: 4806: 4677: 4637: 4414:

Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London

4144: 3755:

Paul Koring (26 January 1999). "USAF air strikes kill 11, injure 59: Iraq".

3184:"Iraq to sign $ 2.625 billion Grand Faw port contract with S.Korea's Daewoo" 2517: 2499: 2329: 1557: 1470: 1364: 1347: 1249: 1003: 865: 777: 756: 674: 593: 495: 389: 93: 3042:

found mainly on the edges of the marshes alongside the Safavid province of

129: 4055:"Think you're hot? Spare a thought for Kuwait, as mercury hits record 54C" 4002:"Unrest intensifies in Iraq as Iranian consulate and oil facility stormed" 1002:

map (1250–1382) shows Basra as being under their area of control, and the

842:

led an insurrection at Kufa, and put an end to ʿUbaydullah ibn Ziyad near

654:

erected his camp on the site of an old Persian military settlement called

5865: 5616: 5576: 5566: 5397: 5195: 5039: 4742: 4617: 4462: 3790: 2914: 2865: 2718: 2668: 2664: 2592: 2325: 1408: 1375: 1337: 1206: 1118: 1089: 1069: 892: 881: 853: 808: 541: 530: 505:

journeyed. The city was built in 636 and played an important role in the

4433: 4117:"World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1991–2020: Basra" 1530:, a newly built multi-use sports complex. The tournament was shifted to 17: 5742: 5722: 5480: 5291: 5238: 5234: 5092: 5019: 4816: 4627: 2845: 2627: 2487: 1192: 884: 820: 796:

became governor. In 680, Yazid I ordered ʿUbayd Allah to keep order in

781: 739: 597: 471: 4368:

Hawting, Gerald R. The First Dynasty of Islam. Routledge. 2nd ed, 2000

3710:"Population of capital city and cities of 100,000 or more inhabitants" 5968: 5762: 5732: 5606: 5387: 5354: 5344: 5112: 4883: 4722: 4657: 3060: 2901: 2892: 2695: 1595: 1531: 1333: 965: 690: 686: 394: 50: 1121:

under the command of António Tenreiro crossed from Aleppo to Basra.

501:

Historically, the city is one of the ports from which the fictional

3568: 3566: 3564: 2371:

living in the eastern side of the city, they are mainly merchants.

880:. Several outstanding intellectuals of the age were Basrans; Arab 5885: 5835: 5586: 5533: 5324: 5228: 5155: 5122: 5102: 5049: 4821: 4241:"From palm trees to homes: Iraqi agricultural land lost to desert" 4145:"Climate: Basra – Climate graph, Temperature graph, Climate table" 2919: 2897: 2849: 2737: 2691: 2610: 2557: 2547: 2537: 2527: 2491: 2473: 2383: 2321: 1556: 1447: 1443: 1346: 1293: 1254: 1219: 1184: 1151: 1130: 1104: 951: 923: 843: 715: 617: 569: 475: 42: 4455:

Encyclopaedia Iranica (Vol. XIII, Fasc. 5 and Vol. XIII, Fasc. 6)

3671:

Encyclopaedia Iranica (Vol. XIII, Fasc. 5 and Vol. XIII, Fasc. 6)

2958:"Operation Motherland," the second book in the post-apocalyptic " 1198:

Basrans. The shortness of the Zand rule rendered this untenable.

5649: 5503: 5082: 4607: 4586: 4123: 3026: 2881: 2869: 2860: 2660: 2483: 2387: 2379: 1599: 1318: 1195: 1188: 1064: 896: 834:. In 685, Ibn al-Zubayr, requiring a practical ruler, appointed 812: 797: 747: 698: 639: 632: 459: 291: 4555: 2591:

style exterior design. The hotel was heavily looted during the

34:"Basrah" redirects here. For the village in eastern Yemen, see 5978: 2407: 2277: 705: 3647: 2655:

Substantial economic activity in Basra is centred around the

1478:

subsequently identified the location of the two soldiers and

1267:

and a further 40,000 with no known grave are commemorated at

949:, was governor of Basra and built a library of 15,000 books. 4687: 4491: 3732:"National Intelligence Survey. Iraq. Section 41, Population" 3687: 3232:"PM Kadhimi lays foundation stone of Basra's Grand Faw port" 2749:

The city is home to the largest sports stadium in Iraq, the

926:, were defeated and their lands taken by the Buyids in 947. 3585: 3583: 3581: 1058:

control of Basra from 1436 to 1508 was in the hands of the

1006:

map (1300–1405) shows Basra as being under Mongol control.

971:

The Great Friday Mosque was constructed in Basra. In 1122,

420: 2512:, Mosul, and northern Iraq. But ever since the victory of 513:, the British captured Basra and incorporated it into the 3539: 3537: 3535: 3533: 2386:

as slaves in the 900s. They now number around 200,000 in

2320:

In Basra the vast majority of the population are ethnic

1209:

of the south by detaching the southern districts of the

4090:. Iraqi Meteorological Department. 1970. Archived from 3600: 3598: 3283:"Iraqi parliament recognizes Basra as economic capital" 2374:

In addition to the Arabs, there is also a community of

596:. Others have argued that the name is derived from the 4463:

Les cadis d'Iraq et l'Etat abbasside (132/750-334/945)

4372:

Longrigg, Steven Helmsley; Lang, Katherine H. (2015).

3813:"British smash jail walls to free 2 arrested soldiers" 2791:, a medieval mathematician, astronomer, and physicist. 462:. It is the capital and largest city of the eponymous 3158:"Iraq's Al Faw port to become largest in Middle East" 3106:"In the 'Venice of the East,' a history of diversity" 3038:

The Moshasha were a tribal confederation of radical

1263:

The graves of around 5,000 men from WW1 both are at

453: 5935: 5782: 5689: 5636: 5543: 5490: 5437: 5364: 5311: 5268: 5215: 5132: 5069: 4996: 4933: 4850: 4752: 4699: 4594: 4470:

Into The Red Zone: A Journey into the Soul of Iraq

4281:"After restructuring, South Oil Company is renamed" 3737:. Central Intelligence Agency. 1960. Archived from 415: 405: 388: 377: 372: 364: 356: 345: 340: 330: 320: 315: 307: 297: 279: 63: 4535:Muhammad and the Spread of Islam by Sanderson Beck 3950:"Iraqi Army's Assault on Militias in Basra Stalls" 3069:) of Basra. Thus, Floor's stance differs slightly. 2938:," where the "Modern State" is at the centre of a 2769:is among the elite Arab teams that compete at the 1092:ruler of Basra, Rashid ibn Mughamis, acknowledged 4507:Iraq Inter-Agency Information & Analysis Unit 4374:"Basra from the Mongol conquest to modern period" 3698:. Vol. 3 (11th ed.). 1911. p. 489. 1321:and was the site of many fierce battles, such as 1426:ripped through the city, killing 74 people. The 1259:The Gate to the British War Cemetery Basra 2024. 1062:. In the latter year, during the reign of King ( 964:was the leader of the Seljuks, who expelled the 677:from 639 to 642, and was ordered by Umar to aid 6051:Populated places established in the 7th century 4124:National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 3510: 3508: 986:was born in Basra on or between 1131 and 1135. 681:, then fighting Iran from a new, more easterly 4017: 4015: 2785:, known as Rabia of Basra, early Muslim mystic 2667:gas, while the SCPI focus on such products as 2634:estimated to be more 115 billion barrels (18.3 2490:Shiism progressively being overwhelmed by the 860:Abbasid Caliphate and its Golden Age: 750–1258 627:Foundation by the Rashidun Caliphate (632–661) 4567: 4215:"BASRAH INT. AIRPORT – Weather data by month" 3455:Al-Hind: The Making of the Indo-Islamic World 3257:"العراق يخطط لإنشاء قاعدة عسكرية بحرية كبيرة" 3133:"Basra, Iraq Metro Area Population 1950-2024" 2292:for rainy days and sunshine Ogimet Meteomanz 8: 3589: 3449: 3447: 2332:tribes. The tribes located in Basra include 1545:In 2023, the city hosted the long scheduled 494:. The majority of the city's population are 2442:. Unsourced material may be challenged and 2360:tribes (descendants of Muhammad) and other 4574: 4560: 4552: 4465:. Institut Français du Proche-Orient, 2009 4451:"IRAQ iv. RELATIONS IN THE SAFAVID PERIOD" 4167:"Basra Climate and Weather Averages, Iraq" 3667:"IRAQ iv. RELATIONS IN THE SAFAVID PERIOD" 3395: 3393: 3391: 3389: 1613: 60: 3779:. Committee to Protect Journalists. 2005. 3682: 3680: 3417: 2462:Learn how and when to remove this message 1164:in 1668. It was fought over by Turks and 635:tribesmen constituting the armies of the 509:. It was occupied by the Safavid. During 4513:Iraq Image – Basra Satellite Observation 3718:Statistical Office of the United Nations 3616: 3572: 3555: 3543: 3524:Encyclopaedia Iranica, Vol. III, Fasc. 8 1430:, under British command, was engaged in 811:. 'Ubayd Allah took over the control of 4085:"Iraqi Meteorological Department, 1970" 3096: 3014: 2803:, English cricketer, 1981 born in Basra 2757:. The city is also home to sports team 945:–977), the brother of the Emir of Iraq 604:, meaning "place of huts, settlement." 414: 404: 387: 371: 363: 339: 314: 306: 278: 243: 171: 159: 84: 2926:The city of Basra has a major role in 2595:, and it has been renovated recently. 990:Mongol rule and thereafter: 1258–1500s 482:at the northeasternmost extent of the 3960:from the original on 11 December 2008 3604: 3021:The Al-Mughamis were a branch of the 2753:, which hosts several matches of the 876:, the rival and sister school of the 804:'s popularity as the grandson of the 376: 355: 344: 329: 319: 296: 167: 7: 4502:. Vol. 3 (11th ed.). 1911. 4341:Bibliography of the history of Basra 4065:from the original on 23 October 2016 2652:) has its headquarters in the city. 2440:adding citations to reliable sources 1428:Multi-National Division (South-East) 1411:in 2003. British forces, led by the 4351:. Washington, DC: Mage Publishers. 3646:Foundation, Encyclopaedia Iranica. 3296:Abdullah, Thabit (1 January 2001). 3081:List of Iraqi Information Ministers 1617:Climate data for Basra (1991-2020) 1465:(SAS) soldiers were stopped by the 1301:of the old part of Basra city, 1954 443: 6041:7th-century establishments in Asia 3839:"UK troops return Basra to Iraqis" 3791:"UK soldiers 'freed from militia'" 3648:"Welcome to Encyclopaedia Iranica" 2648:. The Basra Oil Company (formerly 486:, situated along the banks of the 470:city in Iraq overall, behind only 352:50−75 km (21 sq mi) 25: 4540:The Textual History of the Qur'an 4034:from the original on 23 July 2016 3883:"Basra militants targeting women" 3861:"Basra residents blame UK troops" 2771:Arab Club Basketball Championship 2726:, with service into Baghdad with 1275:Monarchy to Saddam era: 1921–2003 720:The ‘Ashshār creek in Basrah Town 4380:; Matringe, Denis; Nawas, John; 3980:"Basra security leaders removed" 3927:"Uncertainty follows Basra exit" 3635:. University Press. p. 236. 3104:Sam Dagher (18 September 2007). 2891: 2875: 2859: 2839: 2412: 1522:Basra was scheduled to host the 1442:, despite opposition from Iraqi 1397:Post-Saddam period: 2003–present 1086:Ottoman–Safavid War of 1532–1555 1009:In 1290 fighting erupted at the 864:In the late 740s, Basra fell to 704:In 656, Uthman was murdered and 360:181 km (70 sq mi) 284: 218: 211: 185: 178: 146: 139: 128: 121: 110: 103: 92: 4394:10.1163/1573-3912_ei3_COM_23813 4022:Samenow, Jason (22 July 2016). 3491:. London: Picador. p. 60. 3025:who inhabited the area between 1074: 836:Umar ibn Ubayd Allah ibn Ma'mar 689:. In 650, the Rashidun Caliph 673:. Abu Musa led the conquest of 622:Ashar Creek and bazaar, c. 1915 544:. However, construction of the 521:, before it became part of the 4388:(3rd ed.). Brill Online. 4295:"Basrah International Stadium" 4053:Tapper, James (23 July 2016). 3948:Glanz, James (27 March 2008). 2973:List of largest cities of Iraq 2622:The city is located along the 1391:General Union of Oil Employees 918:From 945 to 1055, the Iranian 1: 4189:"40689: Basrah-Hussen (Iraq)" 3111:The Christian Science Monitor 1580:Köppen climate classification 1386:following the 2003 invasion. 1363:fighter jets carried out two 939: 575: 219: 199:Location of Basra within Iraq 186: 3929:. BBC News. 15 December 2007 3907:. BBC News. 17 December 2007 3885:. BBC News. 15 November 2007 3863:. BBC News. 14 December 2007 3841:. BBC News. 16 December 2007 2826:Twin towns and sister cities 1480:carried out a rescue mission 911:, an extremist Muslim sect, 671:Partho-Sasanian architecture 650:there, the Muslim commander 478:. Basra is located near the 4546:Codex of Abu Musa al-Ashari 4313:"Twin-cities of Azerbaijan" 4302:. Retrieved 8 October 2021. 3489:The Travels of Ibn Battutah 3344:See Mohammadi Malayeri, M. 2983:Basra International Airport 2936:The Shape of Things to Come 2755:Iraq national football team 2751:Basra International Stadium 2743:Basra International Stadium 2710:remoteness of damages case 2553:Basra International Airport 1876:Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 1736:Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 1357:Iraqi no-fly zones conflict 1042:Safavid occupation of Basra 994:In 1258, the Mongols under 454: 6067: 4685: 4338: 3162:Global Construction Review 2397: 2287: 2275: 1616: 1549:where the Iraqi team won. 1496: 1457:On 19 September 2005, two 1400: 1141: 1039: 772:Umayyad Caliphate: 661–750 611: 40: 33: 26: 6026:District capitals of Iraq 5638:al-Qādisiyyah Governorate 5414:al-Mejar Al-Kabi District 4426:10.1017/S0041977X06000036 4347:Floor, Willem M. (2008). 3982:. BBC News. 16 April 2008 3714:Demographic Yearbook 1955 3629:Livermore, H. V. (1947). 3419:10.1017/S0021088900000152 3372:10.1163/22134522-90000099 3312:– via Google Books. 2685:high-density polyethylene 2514:Iraq against ISIS in 2017 2228: 2181: 2133: 2089: 2015: 1945: 1875: 1805: 1735: 1665: 1660: 1657: 1654: 1651: 1648: 1645: 1642: 1639: 1636: 1633: 1630: 1627: 1624: 1621: 1019:Guelph and the Ghibelline 244: 172: 168: 160: 85: 76: 5784:Sulaymaniyah Governorate 4457:. pp. 556–560, 561. 3793:. BBC. 20 September 2005 3673:. pp. 556–560, 561. 3590:Longrigg & Lang 2015 3575:, pp. 556–560, 561. 3360:Late Antique Archaeology 2763:Al-Minaa Olympic Stadium 2724:an international airport 2681:low-density polyethylene 2632:4th largest oil reserves 2533:Ali Bin Abi Talib mosque 2300:Effect of climate change 1432:foreign internal defense 1342:rebellion against Saddam 1203:Encyclopaedia Britannica 1138:Ottoman and British rule 1126:Portuguese assisted the 1094:Suleiman the Magnificent 1013:port of Basra among the 581:, by Dutch cartographer 458:) is a city in southern 67: 41:Not to be confused with 4983:Suq al-Shuyukh District 4860:Abu Al-Khaseeb District 4499:Encyclopædia Britannica 4449:Matthee, Rudi (2006b). 4263:"Maeg – Building ideas" 3817:San Francisco Chronicle 3761:. Toronto. p. A8. 3695:Encyclopædia Britannica 2765:as its home venue. Its 2730:—the national airline. 1384:Iraq Interim Government 1361:United States Air Force 1351:Model of Basra Dockyard 874:Basra School of Grammar 850:Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan 515:Mandate for Mesopotamia 5374:Ali Al-Gharbi District 4910:Shatt Al-Arab District 4693: 4548:, Arthur Jeffery, 1936 4542:, Arthur Jeffery, 1946 4386:Encyclopaedia of Islam 4195:. OGIMET. 19 June 2022 3665:Matthee, Rudi (2006). 3487:Battutah, Ibn (2002). 3476:Buscarello de Ghizolfi 3400:Kennedy, Hugh (2011). 2960:Afterblight Chronicles 2746: 2673:vinyl chloride monomer 2646:Al Basrah Oil Terminal 2619: 2616:Al Basrah Oil Terminal 2566: 2563:Muhhmad Baquir Al-Sadr 2555: 2545: 2535: 2479: 1562: 1499:Battle of Basra (2008) 1403:Battle of Basra (2003) 1352: 1302: 1289:Allies of World War II 1260: 1225: 1157: 1114: 1079:1501–1524), the first 957: 913:invaded and devastated 878:Kufa School of Grammar 794:ʿUbayd Allah ibn Ziyad 721: 623: 585: 490:that empties into the 29:Basra (disambiguation) 5985:al-Nu'maniya District 5922:Sulaymaniyah District 5802:Darbandikhan District 5563:al-Hamdaniya District 5510:al-Manathera District 5424:Qal'at Saleh District 5298:Ain Al-Tamur District 5056:al-Miqdadiya District 4943:al-Chibayish District 4691: 4525:2003 Basra map (NIMA) 4518:19 April 2009 at the 3632:A History of Portugal 2741: 2614: 2575:Badr Shakir al-Sayyab 2561: 2551: 2541: 2531: 2477: 1560: 1547:25th Arabian Gulf Cup 1524:22nd Arabian Gulf Cup 1424:series of bomb blasts 1380:Iraq Special Tribunal 1350: 1297: 1258: 1223: 1170:under Safavid control 1155: 1108: 1040:Further information: 955: 719: 621: 573: 557:. In April 2017, the 535:2003 invasion of Iraq 368:5 m (16 ft) 264:30.51500°N 47.81000°E 235:Show map of Near East 5945:Al-Aziziyah District 5520:al-Meshkhab District 5457:al-Rumaitha District 5439:Muthanna Governorate 5404:al-Maimouna District 4767:al-Istiqlal District 3432:(Madelung p. 303–04) 3324:Encyclopædia Iranica 2998:University of Basrah 2708:English contract law 2671:, caustic/chlorine, 2436:improve this section 2400:Christianity in Iraq 1666:Record high °C (°F) 1511:Iraqi Prime Minister 1422:On 21 April 2004, a 1413:7th Armoured Brigade 1307:University of Basrah 1156:Iraqi girls, c. 1917 790:Ziyad ibn Abi Sufyan 679:Uthman ibn Abi al-As 27:For other uses, see 5995:al-Suwaira District 5912:Sharbazher District 5792:Chamchamal District 5749:al-Shirqat District 5691:Saladin Governorate 5676:al-Shamiya District 5545:Nineveh Governorate 5447:al-Khidhir District 5278:al-Hindiya District 5270:Karbala Governorate 5217:Halabja Governorate 5162:Koy Sinjaq District 4973:al-Shatrah District 4935:Dhi Qar Governorate 4890:al-Midaina District 4772:al-Mada'in District 4762:Abu Ghraib District 4754:Baghdad Governorate 4739:al-Musayab District 4729:al-Mahawil District 4028:The Washington Post 4008:. 8 September 2018. 3905:"Basra: The Legacy" 3819:. 20 September 2005 3744:on 23 January 2017. 3526:. pp. 851–855. 3333:Columbia University 3164:. 21 September 2021 2948:The Thief of Bagdad 2783:Rabi'a al-'Adawiyya 2767:basketball division 2571:old mosque of Basra 2486:city, with the old 2090:Average rainy days 1946:Record low °C (°F) 1806:Daily mean °C (°F) 1484:Ministry of Defence 1463:Special Air Service 1242:Sir George Buchanan 1213:and creating a new 984:Rashid-ad-Din-Sinan 667:Abu Musa al-Ash'ari 517:, and subsequently 260: / 6046:636 establishments 5902:Sharazoor District 5892:Saidsadiq District 5477:al-Samawa District 5467:al-Salman District 5366:Maysan Governorate 5313:Kirkuk Governorate 5026:al Khalis District 5006:Balad Ruz District 4998:Diyala Governorate 4963:al-Rifa'i District 4953:Nasiriyah District 4920:al-Zubair District 4792:al-Tarmia District 4777:Mahmudiya District 4709:Hashimiya District 4694: 4589:and their capitals 4468:Vincent, Stephen. 4461:Tillier, Mathieu. 4376:. In Fleet, Kate; 4300:gpsmartstadium.com 4239:Al-Rubaie, Azhar. 4147:. Climate-Data.org 3954:The New York Times 3758:The Globe and Mail 3466:Penny Encyclopedia 3190:. 23 December 2020 2993:Basra reed warbler 2747: 2677:polyvinyl chloride 2620: 2567: 2556: 2546: 2536: 2480: 2378:peoples, known as 1563: 1353: 1303: 1265:Basra War Cemetery 1261: 1226: 1158: 1115: 958: 788:replaced him with 722: 656:Vaheštābād Ardašīr 624: 586: 507:Islamic Golden Age 357: • Metro 331: • Mayor 269:30.51500; 47.81000 163:Venice of the East 58:Metropolis in Iraq 6008: 6007: 5937:Wasit Governorate 5872:Qaradagh District 5656:Diwaniya District 5623:Tel Kaif District 5613:Tel Afar District 5553:al-Ba'aj District 5492:Najaf Governorate 5394:al-Kahla District 5192:Shaqlawa District 5182:Mergasor District 5134:Erbil Governorate 5071:Duhok Governorate 5036:Khanaqin District 4900:al-Qurna District 4852:Basra Governorate 4719:Al-Hilla District 4701:Babil Governorate 4674:ar-Rutba District 4644:al-Qa'im District 4614:Fallujah District 4596:Anbar Governorate 4097:on 22 August 2020 3652:iranicaonline.org 2956:Scott K. Andrews' 2945:In the 1940 film 2809:, female activist 2797:, poet from Basra 2650:South Oil Company 2581:Basra Sports City 2482:Basra is a major 2472: 2471: 2464: 2296: 2295: 2136:relative humidity 1528:Basra Sports City 1436:Basra Governorate 1323:Operation Ramadan 1101:Portuguese empire 973:Imad ad-Din Zengi 870:Abbasid Caliphate 856:during the 720s. 800:as a reaction to 780:held Basra until 735:al-Ahnaf ibn Qays 652:Utbah ibn Ghazwan 614:Timeline of Basra 574:View of Basra in 503:Sinbad the Sailor 496:Shia Muslim Arabs 484:Arabian Peninsula 466:, as well as the 464:Basra Governorate 452: 433: 432: 321: • Type 232:Basra (Near East) 16:(Redirected from 6058: 5852:Penjwen District 5739:Samarra District 5719:al-Daur District 5593:Shekhan District 5418:Al-Mejar Al-Kabi 5288:Kerbala District 5245:Khurmal District 5235:Halabja District 5172:Makhmur District 5089:Amadiya District 5016:Ba'quba District 4624:Haditha District 4576: 4569: 4562: 4553: 4503: 4495: 4458: 4445: 4405: 4362: 4328: 4327: 4325: 4323: 4309: 4303: 4298: 4291: 4285: 4284: 4277: 4271: 4270: 4259: 4253: 4252: 4250: 4248: 4236: 4230: 4229: 4227: 4225: 4211: 4205: 4204: 4202: 4200: 4185: 4179: 4178: 4176: 4174: 4169:. Weather2Travel 4163: 4157: 4156: 4154: 4152: 4141: 4135: 4134: 4132: 4130: 4121: 4113: 4107: 4106: 4104: 4102: 4096: 4089: 4081: 4075: 4074: 4072: 4070: 4050: 4044: 4043: 4041: 4039: 4019: 4010: 4009: 3998: 3992: 3991: 3989: 3987: 3976: 3970: 3969: 3967: 3965: 3945: 3939: 3938: 3936: 3934: 3923: 3917: 3916: 3914: 3912: 3901: 3895: 3894: 3892: 3890: 3879: 3873: 3872: 3870: 3868: 3857: 3851: 3850: 3848: 3846: 3835: 3829: 3828: 3826: 3824: 3809: 3803: 3802: 3800: 3798: 3787: 3781: 3780: 3777:"Steven Vincent" 3773: 3767: 3766: 3752: 3746: 3745: 3743: 3736: 3728: 3722: 3721: 3706: 3700: 3699: 3691: 3684: 3675: 3674: 3662: 3656: 3655: 3643: 3637: 3636: 3626: 3620: 3614: 3608: 3602: 3593: 3587: 3576: 3570: 3559: 3553: 3547: 3541: 3528: 3527: 3512: 3503: 3502: 3484: 3478: 3473: 3467: 3464: 3458: 3451: 3442: 3439: 3433: 3430: 3424: 3423: 3421: 3397: 3384: 3383: 3355: 3349: 3342: 3336: 3320: 3314: 3313: 3293: 3287: 3286: 3285:. 27 April 2017. 3279: 3273: 3272: 3270: 3268: 3253: 3247: 3246: 3244: 3242: 3228: 3222: 3221: 3219: 3217: 3206: 3200: 3199: 3197: 3195: 3180: 3174: 3173: 3171: 3169: 3154: 3148: 3147: 3145: 3143: 3129: 3123: 3122: 3120: 3118: 3101: 3084: 3076: 3070: 3057: 3051: 3036: 3030: 3019: 2896: 2895: 2880: 2879: 2864: 2863: 2844: 2843: 2640: 2639: 2467: 2460: 2456: 2453: 2447: 2416: 2408: 2282:Climate-Data.org 1614: 1574:Basra has a hot 1440:Iraqi government 1417:invasion of Iraq 1215:vilayet of Basra 1078: 1076: 1030:mahallat al-Ajam 1004:Mongol Dominions 944: 941: 580: 577: 559:Iraqi Parliament 480:Iran–Iraq border 457: 447: 445: 429: 426: 424: 422: 290: 288: 287: 275: 274: 272: 271: 270: 265: 261: 258: 257: 256: 253: 236: 222: 221: 215: 203: 202:Show map of Iraq 189: 188: 182: 150: 143: 132: 125: 114: 107: 96: 61: 21: 6066: 6065: 6061: 6060: 6059: 6057: 6056: 6055: 6011: 6010: 6009: 6004: 5965:al-Hai District 5931: 5862:Pshdar District 5778: 5759:Tikrit District 5729:Dujail District 5685: 5632: 5603:Sinjar District 5539: 5486: 5433: 5360: 5351:Kirkuk District 5341:Hawija District 5307: 5264: 5255:Sirwan District 5211: 5142:Choman District 5128: 5109:Simele District 5065: 4992: 4929: 4880:al-Faw District 4870:Basrah District 4846: 4796: 4748: 4695: 4683: 4654:Ramadi District 4590: 4580: 4520:Wayback Machine 4490: 4487: 4448: 4411: 4382:Rowson, Everett 4371: 4359: 4346: 4343: 4337: 4332: 4331: 4321: 4319: 4317:Azerbaijans.com 4311: 4310: 4306: 4293: 4292: 4288: 4283:. 5 April 2017. 4279: 4278: 4274: 4261: 4260: 4256: 4246: 4244: 4238: 4237: 4233: 4223: 4221: 4213: 4212: 4208: 4198: 4196: 4187: 4186: 4182: 4172: 4170: 4165: 4164: 4160: 4150: 4148: 4143: 4142: 4138: 4128: 4126: 4119: 4115: 4114: 4110: 4100: 4098: 4094: 4087: 4083: 4082: 4078: 4068: 4066: 4052: 4051: 4047: 4037: 4035: 4021: 4020: 4013: 4000: 3999: 3995: 3985: 3983: 3978: 3977: 3973: 3963: 3961: 3947: 3946: 3942: 3932: 3930: 3925: 3924: 3920: 3910: 3908: 3903: 3902: 3898: 3888: 3886: 3881: 3880: 3876: 3866: 3864: 3859: 3858: 3854: 3844: 3842: 3837: 3836: 3832: 3822: 3820: 3811: 3810: 3806: 3796: 3794: 3789: 3788: 3784: 3775: 3774: 3770: 3754: 3753: 3749: 3741: 3734: 3730: 3729: 3725: 3708: 3707: 3703: 3686: 3685: 3678: 3664: 3663: 3659: 3645: 3644: 3640: 3628: 3627: 3623: 3615: 3611: 3603: 3596: 3588: 3579: 3571: 3562: 3554: 3550: 3542: 3531: 3514: 3513: 3506: 3499: 3486: 3485: 3481: 3474: 3470: 3465: 3461: 3452: 3445: 3440: 3436: 3431: 3427: 3399: 3398: 3387: 3357: 3356: 3352: 3346:Dil-i Iranshahr 3343: 3339: 3321: 3317: 3310: 3295: 3294: 3290: 3281: 3280: 3276: 3266: 3264: 3255: 3254: 3250: 3240: 3238: 3230: 3229: 3225: 3215: 3213: 3212:. 14 April 2021 3208: 3207: 3203: 3193: 3191: 3182: 3181: 3177: 3167: 3165: 3156: 3155: 3151: 3141: 3139: 3137:macrotrends.net 3131: 3130: 3126: 3116: 3114: 3103: 3102: 3098: 3093: 3088: 3087: 3077: 3073: 3058: 3054: 3037: 3033: 3023:Banu'l-Muntafiq 3020: 3016: 3011: 2969: 2910: 2890: 2874: 2858: 2838: 2828: 2813:Farid Allawerdi 2779: 2736: 2637: 2635: 2609: 2526: 2468: 2457: 2451: 2448: 2433: 2417: 2406: 2396: 2367:There are also 2318: 2310:desertification 2302: 2297: 2084: 2079: 2074: 2069: 2064: 2059: 2054: 2049: 2044: 2039: 2034: 2029: 2024: 2010: 2005: 2000: 1995: 1990: 1985: 1980: 1975: 1970: 1965: 1960: 1955: 1950: 1940: 1935: 1930: 1925: 1920: 1915: 1910: 1905: 1900: 1895: 1890: 1885: 1880: 1870: 1865: 1860: 1855: 1850: 1845: 1840: 1835: 1830: 1825: 1820: 1815: 1810: 1800: 1795: 1790: 1785: 1780: 1775: 1770: 1765: 1760: 1755: 1750: 1745: 1740: 1730: 1725: 1720: 1715: 1710: 1705: 1700: 1695: 1690: 1685: 1680: 1675: 1670: 1572: 1555: 1514:Nouri al-Maliki 1501: 1405: 1399: 1355:As part of the 1332:After the war, 1325:(1982) and the 1277: 1211:Baghdad vilayet 1191:on a basically 1181:Karim Khan Zand 1150: 1140: 1103: 1073: 1044: 992: 960:The Oghuz Turk 942: 936:Samsam al-Dawla 862: 817:Muslim ibn Aqil 806:Islamic prophet 774: 714: 697:, the Sassanid 660:Sassanid Empire 648:Sassanid Empire 637:Rashidun Caliph 629: 616: 610: 578: 568: 523:Kingdom of Iraq 419: 335:Asaad Al Eidani 285: 283: 268: 266: 262: 259: 254: 251: 249: 247: 246: 240: 239: 238: 237: 234: 233: 230: 229: 228: 227: 223: 206: 205: 204: 201: 200: 197: 196: 195: 194: 190: 164: 161:Nickname: 156: 155: 154: 153: 152: 151: 144: 135: 134: 133: 126: 117: 116: 115: 108: 99: 98: 97: 81: 72: 69: 66: 59: 54: 39: 32: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 6064: 6062: 6054: 6053: 6048: 6043: 6038: 6036:Cities in Iraq 6033: 6028: 6023: 6013: 6012: 6006: 6005: 6003: 6002: 5992: 5982: 5972: 5962: 5955:Badra District 5952: 5941: 5939: 5933: 5932: 5930: 5929: 5919: 5909: 5899: 5889: 5882:Ranya District 5879: 5869: 5859: 5849: 5842:Mawat District 5839: 5832:Kifri District 5829: 5822:Kalar District 5819: 5812:Dokan District 5809: 5799: 5788: 5786: 5780: 5779: 5777: 5776: 5766: 5756: 5746: 5736: 5726: 5716: 5709:Balad District 5706: 5699:Baiji District 5695: 5693: 5687: 5686: 5684: 5683: 5673: 5666:Hamza District 5663: 5653: 5642: 5640: 5634: 5633: 5631: 5630: 5620: 5610: 5600: 5590: 5583:Mosul District 5580: 5573:Hatra District 5570: 5560: 5549: 5547: 5541: 5540: 5538: 5537: 5530:Najaf District 5527: 5517: 5507: 5496: 5494: 5488: 5487: 5485: 5484: 5474: 5464: 5454: 5443: 5441: 5435: 5434: 5432: 5431: 5421: 5411: 5401: 5391: 5384:Amara District 5381: 5370: 5368: 5362: 5361: 5359: 5358: 5348: 5338: 5331:Dibis District 5328: 5321:Daquq District 5317: 5315: 5309: 5308: 5306: 5305: 5295: 5285: 5274: 5272: 5266: 5265: 5263: 5262: 5252: 5242: 5232: 5225:Byara District 5221: 5219: 5213: 5212: 5210: 5209: 5202:Soran District 5199: 5189: 5179: 5169: 5159: 5152:Erbil District 5149: 5138: 5136: 5130: 5129: 5127: 5126: 5119:Zakho District 5116: 5106: 5099:Duhok District 5096: 5086: 5075: 5073: 5067: 5066: 5064: 5063: 5053: 5046:Kifri District 5043: 5033: 5023: 5013: 5002: 5000: 4994: 4993: 4991: 4990: 4987:Suq Al-Shoyokh 4980: 4970: 4960: 4950: 4939: 4937: 4931: 4930: 4928: 4927: 4917: 4907: 4897: 4887: 4877: 4867: 4864:Abu Al-Khaseeb 4856: 4854: 4848: 4847: 4845: 4844: 4839: 4834: 4829: 4824: 4819: 4814: 4809: 4804: 4794: 4789: 4784: 4774: 4769: 4764: 4758: 4756: 4750: 4749: 4747: 4746: 4736: 4726: 4716: 4705: 4703: 4697: 4696: 4686: 4684: 4682: 4681: 4671: 4664:Rawah District 4661: 4651: 4641: 4631: 4621: 4611: 4600: 4598: 4592: 4591: 4581: 4579: 4578: 4571: 4564: 4556: 4550: 4549: 4543: 4537: 4532: 4530:Boomtown Basra 4527: 4522: 4510: 4504: 4486: 4485:External links 4483: 4482: 4481: 4466: 4459: 4446: 4409: 4406: 4378:Krämer, Gudrun 4369: 4366: 4363: 4358:978-1933823232 4357: 4336: 4333: 4330: 4329: 4304: 4286: 4272: 4254: 4231: 4206: 4180: 4158: 4136: 4108: 4076: 4045: 4011: 3993: 3971: 3940: 3918: 3896: 3874: 3852: 3830: 3804: 3782: 3768: 3747: 3723: 3701: 3676: 3657: 3638: 3621: 3609: 3607:, p. 165. 3594: 3577: 3560: 3548: 3529: 3504: 3497: 3479: 3468: 3459: 3443: 3434: 3425: 3385: 3366:(1): 494–495. 3350: 3337: 3315: 3308: 3302:. SUNY Press. 3288: 3274: 3248: 3223: 3201: 3175: 3149: 3124: 3095: 3094: 3092: 3089: 3086: 3085: 3071: 3052: 3031: 3013: 3012: 3010: 3007: 3006: 3005: 3000: 2995: 2990: 2985: 2980: 2975: 2968: 2965: 2964: 2963: 2952: 2943: 2932:future history 2924: 2909: 2906: 2905: 2904: 2888: 2872: 2856: 2827: 2824: 2823: 2822: 2816: 2810: 2804: 2798: 2792: 2789:Ibn al-Haytham 2786: 2778: 2777:Notable people 2775: 2735: 2732: 2608: 2605: 2525: 2522: 2510:Nineveh Plains 2470: 2469: 2452:September 2024 2420: 2418: 2411: 2404:Iraqi Shi'ites 2395: 2392: 2358:Ruba'ah Sayyid 2346:Al-bo Mohammed 2317: 2314: 2306:water salinity 2301: 2298: 2294: 2293: 2290:Weather2Travel 2285: 2284: 2273: 2272: 2269: 2266: 2263: 2260: 2257: 2254: 2251: 2248: 2245: 2242: 2239: 2236: 2233: 2231:sunshine hours 2226: 2225: 2222: 2219: 2216: 2213: 2210: 2207: 2204: 2201: 2198: 2195: 2192: 2189: 2186: 2184:sunshine hours 2179: 2178: 2175: 2172: 2169: 2166: 2163: 2160: 2157: 2154: 2151: 2148: 2145: 2142: 2139: 2131: 2130: 2127: 2124: 2121: 2118: 2115: 2112: 2109: 2106: 2103: 2100: 2097: 2094: 2091: 2087: 2086: 2081: 2076: 2071: 2066: 2061: 2056: 2051: 2046: 2041: 2036: 2031: 2026: 2021: 2013: 2012: 2007: 2002: 1997: 1992: 1987: 1982: 1977: 1972: 1967: 1962: 1957: 1952: 1947: 1943: 1942: 1937: 1932: 1927: 1922: 1917: 1912: 1907: 1902: 1897: 1892: 1887: 1882: 1877: 1873: 1872: 1867: 1862: 1857: 1852: 1847: 1842: 1837: 1832: 1827: 1822: 1817: 1812: 1807: 1803: 1802: 1797: 1792: 1787: 1782: 1777: 1772: 1767: 1762: 1757: 1752: 1747: 1742: 1737: 1733: 1732: 1727: 1722: 1717: 1712: 1707: 1702: 1697: 1692: 1687: 1682: 1677: 1672: 1667: 1663: 1662: 1659: 1656: 1653: 1650: 1647: 1644: 1641: 1638: 1635: 1632: 1629: 1626: 1623: 1619: 1618: 1612: 1576:desert climate 1571: 1568: 1561:Basra at night 1554: 1551: 1526:tournament in 1497:Main article: 1452:Steven Vincent 1401:Main article: 1398: 1395: 1382:set up by the 1327:Siege of Basra 1276: 1273: 1269:Basra Memorial 1238:captured Basra 1162:Ottoman Empire 1139: 1136: 1102: 1099: 1017:, between the 991: 988: 932:Diya' al-Dawla 905:Zanj Rebellion 885:Ibn al-Haytham 861: 858: 802:Husayn ibn Ali 773: 770: 713: 712:Infrastructure 710: 628: 625: 609: 606: 583:Isaak de Graaf 567: 564: 546:Grand Faw Port 519:Mandatory Iraq 431: 430: 417: 413: 412: 409: 403: 402: 392: 386: 385: 382: 375: 374: 370: 369: 366: 362: 361: 358: 354: 353: 350: 343: 342: 338: 337: 332: 328: 327: 322: 318: 317: 313: 312: 309: 305: 304: 299: 295: 294: 281: 277: 276: 242: 241: 231: 225: 224: 217: 216: 210: 209: 208: 207: 198: 192: 191: 184: 183: 177: 176: 175: 174: 173: 170: 169: 166: 165: 162: 158: 157: 145: 138: 137: 136: 127: 120: 119: 118: 109: 102: 101: 100: 91: 90: 89: 88: 87: 86: 83: 82: 77: 74: 73: 70: 64: 57: 47:Busra al-Harir 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6063: 6052: 6049: 6047: 6044: 6042: 6039: 6037: 6034: 6032: 6029: 6027: 6024: 6022: 6019: 6018: 6016: 6000: 5996: 5993: 5990: 5986: 5983: 5980: 5976: 5973: 5970: 5966: 5963: 5960: 5956: 5953: 5950: 5946: 5943: 5942: 5940: 5938: 5934: 5927: 5923: 5920: 5917: 5913: 5910: 5907: 5903: 5900: 5897: 5893: 5890: 5887: 5883: 5880: 5877: 5873: 5870: 5867: 5863: 5860: 5857: 5853: 5850: 5847: 5843: 5840: 5837: 5833: 5830: 5827: 5823: 5820: 5817: 5813: 5810: 5807: 5803: 5800: 5797: 5793: 5790: 5789: 5787: 5785: 5781: 5774: 5770: 5769:Tooz District 5767: 5764: 5760: 5757: 5754: 5750: 5747: 5744: 5740: 5737: 5734: 5730: 5727: 5724: 5720: 5717: 5714: 5710: 5707: 5704: 5700: 5697: 5696: 5694: 5692: 5688: 5681: 5677: 5674: 5671: 5667: 5664: 5661: 5657: 5654: 5651: 5647: 5646:Afak District 5644: 5643: 5641: 5639: 5635: 5628: 5624: 5621: 5618: 5614: 5611: 5608: 5604: 5601: 5598: 5594: 5591: 5588: 5584: 5581: 5578: 5574: 5571: 5568: 5564: 5561: 5558: 5554: 5551: 5550: 5548: 5546: 5542: 5535: 5531: 5528: 5525: 5521: 5518: 5515: 5511: 5508: 5505: 5501: 5500:Kufa District 5498: 5497: 5495: 5493: 5489: 5482: 5478: 5475: 5472: 5468: 5465: 5462: 5458: 5455: 5452: 5448: 5445: 5444: 5442: 5440: 5436: 5429: 5425: 5422: 5419: 5415: 5412: 5409: 5405: 5402: 5399: 5395: 5392: 5389: 5385: 5382: 5379: 5378:Ali Al-Gharbi 5375: 5372: 5371: 5369: 5367: 5363: 5356: 5352: 5349: 5346: 5342: 5339: 5336: 5332: 5329: 5326: 5322: 5319: 5318: 5316: 5314: 5310: 5303: 5299: 5296: 5293: 5289: 5286: 5283: 5279: 5276: 5275: 5273: 5271: 5267: 5260: 5256: 5253: 5250: 5246: 5243: 5240: 5236: 5233: 5230: 5226: 5223: 5222: 5220: 5218: 5214: 5207: 5203: 5200: 5197: 5193: 5190: 5187: 5183: 5180: 5177: 5173: 5170: 5167: 5163: 5160: 5157: 5153: 5150: 5147: 5143: 5140: 5139: 5137: 5135: 5131: 5124: 5120: 5117: 5114: 5110: 5107: 5104: 5100: 5097: 5094: 5090: 5087: 5084: 5080: 5079:Akre District 5077: 5076: 5074: 5072: 5068: 5061: 5057: 5054: 5051: 5047: 5044: 5041: 5037: 5034: 5031: 5027: 5024: 5021: 5017: 5014: 5011: 5007: 5004: 5003: 5001: 4999: 4995: 4988: 4984: 4981: 4978: 4974: 4971: 4968: 4964: 4961: 4958: 4954: 4951: 4948: 4944: 4941: 4940: 4938: 4936: 4932: 4925: 4921: 4918: 4915: 4914:Shatt al-Arab 4911: 4908: 4905: 4901: 4898: 4895: 4891: 4888: 4885: 4881: 4878: 4875: 4871: 4868: 4865: 4861: 4858: 4857: 4855: 4853: 4849: 4843: 4840: 4838: 4835: 4833: 4830: 4828: 4825: 4823: 4820: 4818: 4815: 4813: 4810: 4808: 4805: 4803: 4799: 4795: 4793: 4790: 4788: 4787:Taji District 4785: 4782: 4778: 4775: 4773: 4770: 4768: 4765: 4763: 4760: 4759: 4757: 4755: 4751: 4744: 4740: 4737: 4734: 4730: 4727: 4724: 4720: 4717: 4714: 4713:Al Hashimiyah 4710: 4707: 4706: 4704: 4702: 4698: 4690: 4679: 4675: 4672: 4669: 4665: 4662: 4659: 4655: 4652: 4649: 4645: 4642: 4639: 4635: 4632: 4629: 4625: 4622: 4619: 4615: 4612: 4609: 4605: 4604:Anah District 4602: 4601: 4599: 4597: 4593: 4588: 4584: 4577: 4572: 4570: 4565: 4563: 4558: 4557: 4554: 4547: 4544: 4541: 4538: 4536: 4533: 4531: 4528: 4526: 4523: 4521: 4517: 4514: 4511: 4508: 4505: 4501: 4500: 4494: 4493:"Basra" 4489: 4488: 4484: 4479: 4478:1-890626-57-0 4475: 4471: 4467: 4464: 4460: 4456: 4452: 4447: 4443: 4439: 4435: 4431: 4427: 4423: 4419: 4415: 4410: 4407: 4403: 4399: 4395: 4391: 4387: 4383: 4379: 4375: 4370: 4367: 4364: 4360: 4354: 4350: 4345: 4344: 4342: 4334: 4318: 4314: 4308: 4305: 4301: 4296: 4290: 4287: 4282: 4276: 4273: 4268: 4264: 4258: 4255: 4242: 4235: 4232: 4220: 4216: 4210: 4207: 4194: 4190: 4184: 4181: 4168: 4162: 4159: 4146: 4140: 4137: 4125: 4118: 4112: 4109: 4093: 4086: 4080: 4077: 4064: 4060: 4056: 4049: 4046: 4033: 4029: 4025: 4018: 4016: 4012: 4007: 4003: 3997: 3994: 3981: 3975: 3972: 3959: 3955: 3951: 3944: 3941: 3928: 3922: 3919: 3906: 3900: 3897: 3884: 3878: 3875: 3862: 3856: 3853: 3840: 3834: 3831: 3818: 3814: 3808: 3805: 3792: 3786: 3783: 3778: 3772: 3769: 3765: 3760: 3759: 3751: 3748: 3740: 3733: 3727: 3724: 3719: 3715: 3711: 3705: 3702: 3697: 3696: 3690: 3689:"Basra" 3683: 3681: 3677: 3672: 3668: 3661: 3658: 3653: 3649: 3642: 3639: 3634: 3633: 3625: 3622: 3619:, p. 53. 3618: 3617:Matthee 2006a 3613: 3610: 3606: 3601: 3599: 3595: 3591: 3586: 3584: 3582: 3578: 3574: 3573:Matthee 2006b 3569: 3567: 3565: 3561: 3558:, p. 55. 3557: 3556:Matthee 2006a 3552: 3549: 3546:, p. 57. 3545: 3544:Matthee 2006a 3540: 3538: 3536: 3534: 3530: 3525: 3521: 3517: 3511: 3509: 3505: 3500: 3498:9780330418799 3494: 3490: 3483: 3480: 3477: 3472: 3469: 3463: 3460: 3456: 3450: 3448: 3444: 3438: 3435: 3429: 3426: 3420: 3415: 3411: 3407: 3403: 3396: 3394: 3392: 3390: 3386: 3381: 3377: 3373: 3369: 3365: 3361: 3354: 3351: 3347: 3341: 3338: 3334: 3330: 3326: 3325: 3319: 3316: 3311: 3309:9780791448083 3305: 3301: 3300: 3292: 3289: 3284: 3278: 3275: 3262: 3258: 3252: 3249: 3237: 3233: 3227: 3224: 3211: 3205: 3202: 3189: 3185: 3179: 3176: 3163: 3159: 3153: 3150: 3138: 3134: 3128: 3125: 3113: 3112: 3107: 3100: 3097: 3090: 3082: 3075: 3072: 3068: 3067: 3062: 3056: 3053: 3049: 3046:(present-day 3045: 3041: 3035: 3032: 3028: 3024: 3018: 3015: 3008: 3004: 3003:Umm Qasr Port 3001: 2999: 2996: 2994: 2991: 2989: 2986: 2984: 2981: 2979: 2976: 2974: 2971: 2970: 2966: 2961: 2957: 2953: 2950: 2949: 2944: 2941: 2937: 2933: 2929: 2925: 2922: 2921: 2916: 2912: 2911: 2907: 2903: 2899: 2894: 2889: 2887: 2883: 2878: 2873: 2871: 2867: 2862: 2857: 2855: 2854:United States 2851: 2847: 2842: 2837: 2836: 2835: 2833: 2825: 2820: 2819:Hussein Jabur 2817: 2814: 2811: 2808: 2805: 2802: 2799: 2796: 2795:Saadi Youssef 2793: 2790: 2787: 2784: 2781: 2780: 2776: 2774: 2772: 2768: 2764: 2760: 2756: 2752: 2744: 2740: 2733: 2731: 2729: 2728:Iraqi Airways 2725: 2720: 2715: 2713: 2709: 2705: 2701: 2697: 2693: 2688: 2686: 2682: 2678: 2674: 2670: 2666: 2662: 2658: 2657:petrochemical 2653: 2651: 2647: 2643: 2633: 2629: 2625: 2624:Shatt al-Arab 2617: 2613: 2606: 2604: 2600: 2596: 2594: 2590: 2586: 2585:Abu Al-Khasib 2582: 2578: 2576: 2572: 2564: 2560: 2554: 2550: 2544: 2543:Shatt Al-Arab 2540: 2534: 2530: 2523: 2521: 2519: 2515: 2511: 2507: 2503: 2501: 2497: 2493: 2489: 2485: 2476: 2466: 2463: 2455: 2445: 2441: 2437: 2431: 2430: 2426: 2421:This section 2419: 2415: 2410: 2409: 2405: 2401: 2393: 2391: 2389: 2385: 2381: 2377: 2372: 2370: 2365: 2363: 2359: 2355: 2351: 2347: 2343: 2339: 2335: 2331: 2327: 2323: 2315: 2313: 2311: 2307: 2299: 2291: 2286: 2283: 2279: 2274: 2270: 2267: 2264: 2261: 2258: 2255: 2252: 2249: 2246: 2243: 2240: 2237: 2234: 2232: 2227: 2223: 2220: 2217: 2214: 2211: 2208: 2205: 2202: 2199: 2196: 2193: 2190: 2187: 2185: 2182:Mean monthly 2180: 2176: 2173: 2170: 2167: 2164: 2161: 2158: 2155: 2152: 2149: 2146: 2143: 2140: 2137: 2132: 2128: 2125: 2122: 2119: 2116: 2113: 2110: 2107: 2104: 2101: 2098: 2095: 2092: 2088: 2082: 2077: 2072: 2067: 2062: 2057: 2052: 2047: 2042: 2037: 2032: 2027: 2022: 2019: 2018:precipitation 2014: 2008: 2003: 1998: 1993: 1988: 1983: 1978: 1973: 1968: 1963: 1958: 1953: 1948: 1944: 1938: 1933: 1928: 1923: 1918: 1913: 1908: 1903: 1898: 1893: 1888: 1883: 1878: 1874: 1868: 1863: 1858: 1853: 1848: 1843: 1838: 1833: 1828: 1823: 1818: 1813: 1808: 1804: 1798: 1793: 1788: 1783: 1778: 1773: 1768: 1763: 1758: 1753: 1748: 1743: 1738: 1734: 1728: 1723: 1718: 1713: 1708: 1703: 1698: 1693: 1688: 1683: 1678: 1673: 1668: 1664: 1620: 1615: 1611: 1609: 1608:United States 1605: 1601: 1597: 1591: 1588: 1587:precipitation 1584: 1581: 1577: 1569: 1567: 1559: 1552: 1550: 1548: 1543: 1541: 1537: 1533: 1529: 1525: 1520: 1517: 1515: 1512: 1508: 1503: 1500: 1495: 1491: 1487: 1485: 1481: 1476: 1472: 1468: 1464: 1460: 1455: 1453: 1449: 1445: 1441: 1437: 1433: 1429: 1425: 1420: 1418: 1414: 1410: 1404: 1396: 1394: 1392: 1387: 1385: 1381: 1377: 1372: 1370: 1369:Anthony Zinni 1366: 1362: 1358: 1349: 1345: 1343: 1339: 1335: 1330: 1328: 1324: 1320: 1316: 1312: 1311:Iran–Iraq War 1308: 1300: 1296: 1292: 1290: 1286: 1282: 1274: 1272: 1270: 1266: 1257: 1253: 1251: 1247: 1243: 1239: 1235: 1231: 1222: 1218: 1216: 1212: 1208: 1204: 1201:In 1911, the 1199: 1197: 1194: 1190: 1186: 1182: 1178: 1173: 1171: 1167: 1163: 1154: 1149: 1148:Basra Vilayet 1145: 1137: 1135: 1132: 1129: 1124: 1123:Nuno da Cunha 1120: 1117:In 1523, the 1112: 1107: 1100: 1098: 1095: 1091: 1087: 1082: 1071: 1067: 1066: 1061: 1057: 1053: 1049: 1043: 1038: 1035: 1031: 1026: 1022: 1020: 1016: 1012: 1007: 1005: 1001: 1000:Bahri dynasty 997: 989: 987: 985: 982: 977: 974: 969: 967: 963: 954: 950: 948: 937: 933: 930:and his sons 929: 928:Adud al-Dawla 925: 921: 920:Buyid dynasty 916: 914: 910: 906: 902: 898: 894: 890: 889:Arab literary 886: 883: 879: 875: 871: 867: 859: 857: 855: 851: 847: 845: 841: 837: 833: 829: 824: 822: 818: 814: 810: 807: 803: 799: 795: 791: 787: 783: 779: 771: 769: 765: 762: 758: 752: 749: 743: 741: 736: 732: 727: 726:Shatt al-Arab 718: 711: 709: 707: 702: 700: 699:King of Kings 696: 695:Yazdegerd III 692: 688: 684: 680: 676: 672: 668: 663: 661: 657: 653: 649: 645: 641: 638: 634: 626: 620: 615: 607: 605: 603: 599: 595: 591: 584: 572: 565: 563: 560: 556: 555:Faw peninsula 552: 547: 543: 538: 536: 532: 528: 527:Iran–Iraq War 524: 520: 516: 512: 508: 504: 499: 497: 493: 489: 488:Shatt al-Arab 485: 481: 477: 473: 469: 468:third largest 465: 461: 456: 450: 441: 437: 428: 418: 410: 408: 400: 396: 393: 391: 383: 381: 378: • 367: 359: 351: 349: 346: • 336: 333: 326: 325:Mayor–council 323: 310: 303: 300: 293: 282: 273: 245:Coordinates: 214: 181: 149: 142: 131: 124: 113: 106: 95: 80: 75: 62: 56: 52: 48: 44: 37: 36:Basrah, Yemen 30: 19: 5989:Al-Nu'maniya 5975:Kut District 5926:Sulaymaniyah 5806:Darbandikhan 5773:Tuz Khurmatu 5660:Al Diwaniyah 5514:Al-Manathera 5428:Qal'at Saleh 5060:Al-Miqdadiya 4947:Al-Chibayish 4873: 4692:Flag of Iraq 4634:Hit District 4497: 4469: 4454: 4420:(1): 53–78. 4417: 4413: 4385: 4348: 4335:Bibliography 4320:. Retrieved 4316: 4307: 4299: 4289: 4275: 4266: 4257: 4245:. Retrieved 4243:. Al Jazeera 4234: 4222:. Retrieved 4218: 4209: 4197:. Retrieved 4192: 4183: 4171:. Retrieved 4161: 4149:. Retrieved 4139: 4127:. Retrieved 4111: 4099:. Retrieved 4092:the original 4079: 4067:. Retrieved 4059:The Guardian 4058: 4048: 4036:. Retrieved 4027: 4005: 3996: 3984:. Retrieved 3974: 3962:. Retrieved 3953: 3943: 3931:. Retrieved 3921: 3909:. Retrieved 3899: 3887:. Retrieved 3877: 3865:. Retrieved 3855: 3843:. Retrieved 3833: 3821:. Retrieved 3816: 3807: 3795:. Retrieved 3785: 3771: 3762: 3756: 3750: 3739:the original 3726: 3716:. New York: 3713: 3704: 3693: 3670: 3660: 3651: 3641: 3631: 3624: 3612: 3551: 3523: 3516:Donner, F.M. 3488: 3482: 3471: 3462: 3457:, Vol.2, 17. 3454: 3453:Andre Wink, 3441:(Brock p.66) 3437: 3428: 3409: 3405: 3363: 3359: 3353: 3345: 3340: 3329:E. Yarshater 3322: 3318: 3298: 3291: 3277: 3265:. Retrieved 3261:الشرق الأوسط 3260: 3251: 3239:. Retrieved 3235: 3226: 3214:. Retrieved 3204: 3192:. Retrieved 3187: 3178: 3166:. Retrieved 3161: 3152: 3140:. Retrieved 3136: 3127: 3115:. Retrieved 3109: 3099: 3074: 3064: 3055: 3034: 3017: 2946: 2918: 2829: 2821:, footballer 2807:Reham Yacoub 2761:, that uses 2748: 2716: 2712:The Heron II 2700:pearl millet 2689: 2654: 2641: 2621: 2601: 2597: 2579: 2568: 2504: 2496:Sunni Muslim 2494:Shiism. The 2481: 2458: 2449: 2434:Please help 2422: 2373: 2366: 2319: 2316:Demographics 2303: 2289: 2281: 2020:mm (inches) 1604:Death Valley 1592: 1582: 1573: 1564: 1544: 1536:Saudi Arabia 1521: 1518: 1504: 1502: 1492: 1488: 1467:Iraqi Police 1456: 1434:missions in 1421: 1406: 1388: 1373: 1354: 1331: 1304: 1285:Soviet Union 1281:World War II 1278: 1262: 1227: 1202: 1200: 1177:Zand dynasty 1174: 1159: 1144:Basra Eyalet 1116: 1063: 1055: 1048:Kara Koyunlu 1045: 1029: 1023: 1011:Persian Gulf 1008: 993: 978: 970: 959: 947:Izz al-Dawla 917: 863: 848: 830:uprising in 825: 775: 766: 753: 744: 731:al-Baladhuri 723: 703: 682: 664: 655: 630: 601: 589: 587: 539: 500: 492:Persian Gulf 435: 434: 55: 5949:Al-Aziziyah 5680:Al-Shamiya 5524:Al-Meshkhab 5461:Al-Rumaitha 5408:Al-Maimouna 5302:Ayn al-Tamr 4802:New Baghdad 4101:17 November 3412:: 177–199. 3267:19 December 3263:(in Arabic) 3241:19 December 3216:19 December 3194:19 December 3168:19 December 2978:Afro Iraqis 2940:world state 2928:H. G. Wells 2801:Sean Polley 2369:Feyli Kurds 2362:Marsh Arabs 2229:Mean daily 1230:World War I 1034:Fred Donner 1025:Ibn Battuta 996:Hulegu Khan 962:Tughril Beg 901:Rabia Basri 761:H.S. Nelson 579: 1695 511:World War I 298:Governorate 267: / 6015:Categories 5999:Al-Suwaira 5916:Sharbazher 5896:Said Sadiq 5796:Chamchamal 5753:Al-Shirqat 5451:Al-Khidhir 5282:Al-Hindiya 5166:Koy Sanjaq 4977:Al-Shatrah 4894:Al-Midaina 4733:Al-Mahawil 4339:See also: 4193:ogimet.com 4069:22 October 3605:Floor 2008 3091:References 3029:and Basra. 2988:Dua Kumayl 2908:In fiction 2886:Azerbaijan 2815:, composer 2714:1 AC 350. 2692:maize corn 2589:Shanasheel 2398:See also: 2376:Afro-Iraqi 2338:Al-shwelat 2334:Bani Malik 2288:Source 2: 2276:Source 1: 1507:Mahdi Army 1459:undercover 1365:airstrikes 1299:Shanasheel 1142:See also: 1119:Portuguese 1111:Portuguese 1052:Ak Koyunlu 1021:factions. 943: 921 909:Qarmatians 895:, and the 840:al-Mukhtar 786:Mu'awiya I 757:date palms 612:See also: 551:naval base 533:, and the 444:ٱلْبَصْرَة 380:Metropolis 373:Population 348:Metropolis 316:Government 255:47°48′36″E 252:30°30′54″N 79:Metropolis 68:ٱلْبَصْرَة 5627:Tel Keppe 5597:Ain Sifni 5471:Al-Salman 5030:Al Khalis 5010:Balad Ruz 4967:Al-Rifa'i 4957:Nasiriyah 4924:Al-Zubair 4904:Al-Qurnah 4842:Sadr City 4832:Al Rashid 4812:Kadhimiya 4807:Adhamiyah 4781:Mahmudiya 4678:Ar-Rutbah 4583:Districts 4442:159935186 4402:1873-9830 4219:meteomanz 4173:22 August 4151:22 August 3986:1 January 3933:1 January 3911:1 January 3889:1 January 3867:1 January 3845:1 January 3380:1570-6893 3236:rudaw.net 3117:2 January 3048:Khuzestan 3044:Arabestan 2830:Basra is 2702:, wheat, 2524:Cityscape 2518:Mandaeans 2506:Assyrians 2500:Az Zubayr 2423:does not 2330:Qahtanite 1553:Geography 1540:protested 1475:insurgent 1471:roadblock 1287:by other 1250:East Asia 1109:Purple – 866:as-Saffah 832:Khuzestan 828:Kharijite 778:Sufyanids 675:Khuzestan 594:Sassanids 566:Etymology 455:al-Baṣrah 449:romanized 411:(+964) 40 407:Area code 390:Time zone 384:1,485,000 365:Elevation 5876:Qaradagh 5866:Qaladiza 5617:Tal Afar 5577:Al-Hadar 5567:Qaraqosh 5557:Al-Ba'aj 5398:Al-Kahla 5196:Shaqlawa 5186:Mergasor 5040:Khanaqin 4743:Musayyib 4648:Al-Qa'im 4618:Fallujah 4516:Archived 4434:20181989 4384:(eds.). 4322:9 August 4267:Maeg SpA 4129:2 August 4063:Archived 4032:Archived 3964:27 March 3958:Archived 3823:17 March 3797:17 March 3518:(1988). 3040:Shi'ites 2967:See also 2930:'s 1933 2915:Voltaire 2866:Nishapur 2759:Al-Minaa 2719:Umm Qasr 2669:ethylene 2665:nitrogen 2593:Iraq War 2394:Religion 2364:tribes. 2354:Al-Ubadi 2326:Adnanite 2134:Average 2016:Average 1846:(101.3) 1841:(102.0) 1781:(109.9) 1776:(117.0) 1771:(116.6) 1766:(113.0) 1761:(104.5) 1731:(129.0) 1721:(103.5) 1716:(116.2) 1711:(123.3) 1706:(126.0) 1701:(129.0) 1696:(124.9) 1691:(122.0) 1686:(110.3) 1681:(108.7) 1676:(102.2) 1461:British 1446:and the 1409:Iraq War 1376:Umm Qasr 1338:Gulf War 1329:(1987). 1187:form of 1166:Persians 1070:Ismail I 1060:Moshasha 1056:de facto 981:Assassin 893:al-Jahiz 882:polymath 854:Yazid II 809:Muhammad 602:basratha 542:Umm Qasr 531:Gulf War 18:Bussorah 5906:Zarayan 5856:Penjwen 5743:Samarra 5723:Ad-Dawr 5481:Samawah 5292:Karbala 5249:Khurmal 5239:Halabja 5176:Makhmur 5093:Amadiya 5020:Baqubah 4827:Mansour 4817:Karrada 4798:Baghdad 4628:Haditha 4224:28 June 4199:20 June 4038:23 July 4006:Reuters 3520:"BASRA" 3188:Reuters 2846:Houston 2832:twinned 2745:in 2013 2679:(PVC), 2675:(VCM), 2628:Baghdad 2607:Economy 2488:Akhbari 2444:removed 2429:sources 2350:Al-Badr 2342:Suwa'id 2328:or the 2324:of the 2085:(5.15) 2080:(0.99) 2075:(0.75) 2070:(0.26) 2045:(0.16) 2040:(0.50) 2035:(0.73) 2030:(0.70) 2025:(1.06) 2011:(23.5) 2006:(27.3) 2001:(33.8) 1996:(43.0) 1991:(55.6) 1986:(68.0) 1981:(72.0) 1976:(64.8) 1971:(46.8) 1966:(37.0) 1961:(35.4) 1956:(24.8) 1951:(23.5) 1941:(68.1) 1936:(49.3) 1931:(57.9) 1926:(71.1) 1921:(79.3) 1916:(85.8) 1911:(87.3) 1906:(84.4) 1901:(79.2) 1896:(68.2) 1891:(57.7) 1886:(50.2) 1881:(46.9) 1871:(80.2) 1866:(57.9) 1861:(68.0) 1856:(83.8) 1851:(94.5) 1836:(99.3) 1831:(91.9) 1826:(79.9) 1821:(68.4) 1816:(59.9) 1811:(55.4) 1801:(93.2) 1796:(68.9) 1791:(80.6) 1786:(99.0) 1756:(92.1) 1751:(80.2) 1746:(71.1) 1741:(65.7) 1726:(86.0) 1671:(93.2) 1570:Climate 1315:shelled 1279:During 1236:forces 1234:British 1228:During 1193:Akhbari 1128:Ottoman 1090:Bedouin 1081:Safavid 1077: 1015:Genoese 915:Basra. 899:mystic 868:of the 821:Karbala 782:Yazid I 740:ostrich 608:History 598:Aramaic 553:in the 472:Baghdad 451:: 416:Website 308:Founded 280:Country 5969:Al-Hay 5763:Tikrit 5733:Dujail 5607:Sinjar 5388:Amarah 5355:Kirkuk 5345:Hawija 5259:Sirwan 5146:Choman 5113:Simele 4884:al-Faw 4837:Rusafa 4723:Hillah 4658:Ramadi 4476: 4440: 4432: 4400: 4355: 4247:27 May 3495: 3378: 3335:, p851 3306: 3142:5 June 3061:Shiraz 2902:Jordan 2834:with: 2734:Sports 2696:barley 2683:, and 2565:Bridge 2308:, and 2224:3,084 1622:Month 1596:Khasab 1532:Riyadh 1444:Sunnis 1334:Saddam 1207:Shi'as 1189:Shiism 1179:under 1088:, the 966:Shiite 903:. The 891:giant 887:, the 691:Uthman 687:Tawwaj 590:baṣrah 529:, the 440:Arabic 423:.basra 311:636 AD 289: 71:Basrah 51:Bozrah 6031:Amṣar 6021:Basra 5959:Badra 5886:Ranya 5846:Mawat 5836:Kifri 5826:Kalar 5816:Dokan 5713:Balad 5703:Baiji 5670:Hamza 5587:Mosul 5534:Najaf 5335:Dibis 5325:Daquq 5229:Byara 5206:Soran 5156:Erbil 5123:Zakho 5103:Duhok 5050:Kifri 4874:Basra 4822:Karkh 4668:Rawah 4438:S2CID 4430:JSTOR 4120:(CSV) 4095:(PDF) 4088:(PDF) 3742:(PDF) 3735:(PDF) 3009:Notes 2920:Zadig 2898:Aqaba 2850:Texas 2704:dates 2492:Usuli 2384:Kenya 2322:Arabs 2177:40.6 2174:66.1 2171:53.8 2168:38.5 2165:27.2 2162:23.6 2159:21.8 2156:20.5 2153:26.8 2150:38.6 2147:47.0 2144:56.8 2141:66.3 2083:130.8 1661:Year 1469:at a 1448:Kurds 1246:India 1185:Usuli 1131:Pasha 924:Wasit 844:Mosul 600:word 476:Mosul 436:Basra 395:UTC+3 302:Basra 226:Basra 193:Basra 65:Basra 49:, or 43:Bosra 5650:Afak 5504:Kufa 5083:Akre 4608:Anah 4587:Iraq 4474:ISBN 4398:ISSN 4353:ISBN 4324:2013 4249:2022 4226:2024 4201:2022 4175:2013 4153:2013 4131:2023 4103:2018 4071:2016 4040:2016 3988:2010 3966:2008 3935:2010 3913:2010 3891:2010 3869:2010 3847:2010 3825:2012 3799:2012 3493:ISBN 3406:Iraq 3376:ISSN 3304:ISBN 3269:2021 3243:2021 3218:2021 3196:2021 3170:2021 3144:2024 3119:2014 3066:vali 3027:Kufa 2882:Baku 2870:Iran 2663:and 2661:urea 2569:The 2484:Shia 2427:any 2425:cite 2402:and 2388:Iraq 2380:Zanj 2221:186 2218:210 2215:279 2212:300 2209:310 2206:341 2203:330 2200:279 2197:248 2194:217 2191:198 2188:186 2138:(%) 2078:25.2 2073:19.1 2065:(0) 2060:(0) 2055:(0) 2050:(0) 2038:12.8 2033:18.5 2028:17.7 2023:26.9 2009:−4.7 2004:−2.6 1989:13.1 1984:20.0 1979:22.2 1974:18.2 1954:−4.0 1949:−4.7 1939:20.1 1929:14.4 1924:21.7 1919:26.3 1914:29.9 1909:30.7 1904:29.1 1899:26.2 1894:20.1 1889:14.3 1884:10.1 1869:26.8 1864:14.4 1859:20.0 1854:28.8 1849:34.7 1844:38.5 1839:38.9 1834:37.4 1829:33.3 1824:26.6 1819:20.2 1814:15.5 1809:13.0 1799:34.0 1794:20.5 1789:27.0 1784:37.2 1779:43.3 1774:47.2 1769:47.0 1764:45.0 1759:40.3 1754:33.4 1749:26.8 1744:21.7 1739:18.7 1729:53.9 1724:30.0 1719:39.7 1714:46.8 1709:50.7 1704:52.2 1699:53.9 1694:51.6 1689:50.0 1684:43.5 1679:42.6 1674:39.0 1669:34.0 1658:Dec 1655:Nov 1652:Oct 1649:Sep 1646:Aug 1643:Jul 1640:Jun 1637:May 1634:Apr 1631:Mar 1628:Feb 1625:Jan 1602:and 1600:Oman 1319:Iran 1248:and 1196:Shia 1175:The 1146:and 1065:Shah 1050:and 979:The 934:and 897:Sufi 813:Kufa 798:Kufa 776:The 748:Zanj 683:miṣr 644:tell 642:. 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