429:"Through its NSPs, Cabcharge also provides a wide range of services to the industry, including driver training, taxi vehicle 'fit-outs', taxi cameras and meters, licence brokerage and insurance for taxi operators. It is the inquiry’s view that these activities have implications for competition in the payments services markets. More specifically, they help to maintain market power in payment instruments and payments processing: that is, Cabcharge is not likely to be seeking to 'foreclose' downstream markets by providing affiliated NSPs with lower cost access to payments services, but is seeking to make it more difficult for entrants into payments processing to provide services to taxi operators. Through this strategy, elements of the market essentially become foreclosed to other processors, making it harder for them to build scale and compete with Cabcharge. This protection of the 10% surcharge is a key consideration for Cabcharge given that income from the service fee contributes around $ 87.3 million to its annual revenue (almost 50 per cent of the company’s total annual revenue)."
488:"Perceptions of poor service performance, high fares and a low level of innovation are major contributors to stagnating demand for taxi services. The uneven distribution of income derived by the taxi industry also affects service quality. Licence holders benefit significantly from the scarcity of licences; others in the industry with market power, such as network service providers (NSPs) and Cabcharge, also do well. On the other hand, taxi drivers engaged by operators receive around half the wage they would be entitled to if they were treated as employees. Taxi operators who are paying fees to licence holders under assignments are also under increasing cost pressures. ... there are now significant anti-competitive forces at play within the industry, with many years of constraints on competition creating an industry mindset that is heavily focused on protecting incumbent interests, rather than seeking ways to improve services to consumers."
402:"...markets for payment instruments and processing are characterised by strong network effects. Cabcharge has been able to take advantage of these network effects by tying its branded cards to its processing facilities; that is, only Cabcharge EFTPOS terminals are permitted to process Cabcharge cards. Cabcharge has not given other payment providers access to process Cabcharge’s own cards and vouchers. As Cabcharge cards are the most widely used payment instrument, and the only significant taxi-specific payment instrument, a taxi operator that does not have the ability to process these cards will be seriously disadvantaged. This means that alternative processors face a significant barrier to establishing a market presence. Market inquiries indicate that Cabcharge branded charge account cards and eTickets account for up to 40 per cent of non-cash transactions in the taxi industry. This was a key issue that the ACCC sought to address in
465:"The lack of access to Cabcharge branded cards has also reduced competition nationwide in markets for taxi payments processing. However, the Victorian Government has little power to effect change in this area. Competition law rests in the federal domain, with the ACCC being responsible for ensuring that payments system arrangements comply with the competition and access provisions of the Commonwealth Competition and Consumer Act 2010. As discussed above, the ACCC has endeavoured to address the commercial barriers to entry in the past and continues to monitor Cabcharge’s behaviour. The inquiry supports the ACCC’s continued scrutiny of this issue."
497:"NSPs generally appear to have significant market power. They have few competitors and, in many cases, have no other competitors in their allocated zones. There appear to be significant economies achieved by having larger network size, but regulation has also contributed to high market concentration. Where firms have significant market power, this may be extended into other markets by vertical integration and other vertical relationships. Of particular concern in this regard, are the links between Cabcharge and one of the major metropolitan NSPs and the extension of NSP activities to in-vehicle equipment supply."
184:, which record the charge for each passenger's journey, require regular updates for taxi fare changes. Updates cannot be installed by drivers or operators. A significant point of difference of Cabcharge's meters compared to their competitors is that updates can be installed "over the air" by mobile telephony and Cabcharge's EFTPOS systems, whereas competitors' meter upgrades have to be physically installed, requiring taxis to be off the road for a period of time. The meters and updates are part of an integrated electronic payment and radio dispatch system with other taxi equipment supplied by Cabcharge.
393:"There is a high level of market concentration in the non-cash payment systems market with one enterprise, Cabcharge, historically holding market power in both taxi-specific payment instruments and payments processing. Cabcharge is the only significant taxi-specific payments instrument, and Cabcharge estimates that its electronic payment processing system is found in approximately 97 per cent of Australian taxis, limousines and water taxis, including all – or nearly all – taxis in Victoria."
443:"... even with the lessening of some barriers to competition – such as access to processing Cabcharge-branded cards and the removal of the MPTP-Cabcharge monopoly – the 10 per cent surcharge is likely to remain common practice. Market pressure for a reduction in the surcharge may only occur if and when taxi operators and networks effectively compete for consumers by lowering fares and the costs of associated payment methods."
420:"Numerous vertical mergers involving Cabcharge have been cause for concern for the ACCC over the past 15 years. Cabcharge’s acquisition of network service providers (NSPs) in Australian capital cities is considered to have given Cabcharge valuable influence over the payment systems installed in its affiliated taxis and raised barriers to entry that have protected its position in the payments system market."
32:
474:"... the inquiry remains concerned about the 10 per cent surcharge currently imposed on Victorian taxi users. The fact that half of these fees overall are funnelled back to drivers, NSPs and operators strongly suggests that the 10 per cent is unnecessarily high and that there will be significant consumer benefit in lowering the charge to a level where these payments are minimal or eliminated."
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506:"The inquiry’s view is that commercial barriers set up by Cabcharge are best addressed by the ACCC and the Reserve Bank of Australia, who oversee and enforce regulation of anti-competitive behaviour in payment systems markets and the efficiency of the payment systems and are best placed to ensure regulatory consistency between the states."
249:. Cabcharge justifies the surcharge on the basis that it incurs the costs associated with transactions including card and other product production, in-taxi processing, administration, fraud protection and investigation, provision of statements and driver education. However, this situation also allows the company to exert substantial and
280:"The 10 per cent surcharge looks extremely high," he said. "For Victoria, the charges total (is) $ 25m (a year), so extrapolating that for Australia it must be around $ 100m. When a consumer pays the taxi fare, there are many hands in the till . . . if they pay by card, Cabcharge gets 10 per cent. We think that needs to be looked at."
384:"In relation to payment instruments, if the market is defined for taxi-specific payment instruments, then Cabcharge has a very strong position in this market. It appears to have largely captured the network effects and has reinforced this by integrating into payments processing and network services."
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The RBA considers that some companies charges are excessive and, as a result, it is drafting new rules to compel offenders to limit their charges to the costs actually incurred by merchants, and that "In the gun will be the 10% charge imposed by
Cabcharge and similar companies for using credit cards
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Visa spokesman Adam Wand yesterday said
Cabcharge was making taxi passengers pay more than ten times the average merchant fee charged by banks, and five times more than the average fee charged by retailers, based on Reserve Bank data. "Surcharges in the order of 10 per cent are simply excessive and
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terminals and other equipment supplied by
Cabcharge. In 2008, customers in Victoria paid at least $ 350 million in taxi fares using banking cards. Cabcharge's EFTPOS terminals were present in approximately 95% of Australia's taxis. Cabcharge does not charge drivers, owners or networks for supplying
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payment processing system – drivers can process
Cabcharge instruments and other non-cash payments (e.g. credit and debit cards) manually or electronically. The manual system uses dockets and cheque-like vouchers supplied by Cabcharge, which are processed using credit card imprinters. The electronic
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Though called a service fee by
Cabcharge, to the general public and government authorities the charge for processing credit card payments is commonly referred to as a surcharge, and in the case of Cabcharge the initial 10% charge has given rise to controversy, litigation and government legislative
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Cabcharge accounts – customers can create a line of credit for use to pay for taxi fares and related charges, and involves the use of a
Cabcharge credit card, e-ticket or paper voucher. The value of taxi fares paid using such instruments in Australia in 2007/08 was over A$ 455 million. Cabcharge
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Mastercard head of strategy David
Masters said there was "no way" that credit-card processing could cost Cabcharge 10 per cent of a fare. "I don't know how they can justify it," he said. "There is no question it pads out their bottom line, rather than reflecting the cost of the transaction."
370:"The inquiry is concerned primarily about the effectiveness of competition in markets for payments processing and payment instruments. Over time, it appears to the inquiry that Cabcharge has been extremely effective in stifling the development of competition in these markets."
523:
confers awards annually, the Shonky Awards, to recognise
Australia's poorest or "shonkiest" products. Choice states that the competition "recognises and reprimands misleading claims, false advertising, lack of transparency, faulty goods and/or poor service."
452:"The inquiry is concerned that consumers pay excessive fees for processing electronic payments of taxi fares. The significant market power historically exercised by Cabcharge in setting its 10 per cent service fee appears to act as a 'marker' for other
333:
Reserve Bank (RBA) data is reported as showing that banks charge merchants an average fee of 0.81% to process Visa or
Mastercard payments, while the average fee passed on from the merchant to customers is 1.9% for Visa and 1.8% for MasterCard.
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control it exerts on other industry participants through its control of electronic payments and other areas of the taxi system such as vehicle and related repairs and installation of in-vehicle equipment, insurance,
319:. The Essential Services Commission is required to review the charge, which may lead to the surcharge being reduced below 5%, to reflect Cabcharge's reasonable cost of providing a non-cash payment option in taxis.
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Cabcharge
Australia's commercial activities, in which the Cabcharge payment system is an integral part, have been controversial at times and the company has faced regular accusations of excessive charging or
456:. This is a particular concern in relation to general bank issued or third party payment instruments, given that average surcharges applied by merchants in other sectors are between one and four per cent."
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271:"Cabcharge has a monopoly. You have no choice if you pay electronically, you have to pay 10 per cent extra. That's really high. There is no competition. You either pay 10 per cent or you pay cash."
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215:, and leading card companies. The 10% charge was reviewed by the Reserve Bank of Australia in 2012. It was found to be excessive and predatory, and in February 2013
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account payment system was established in 1976 to provide taxi passengers a way to pay for taxi fares by non-cash means. The payment system is owned and operated by
361:"There are now significant anti-competitive forces at play within the industry, most notably the concentration of power with the major taxi networks and Cabcharge."
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223:, and a further review of the surcharge in that State may lead to the figure being set at well below 5%. In December 2014 the surcharge was also reduced to 5% in
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Cabcharge provides EFTPOS terminals, free of charge or below cost, to approximately 97% of taxis in Australia. However, there are competitors like
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equipment for the payment processing system, instead charging passengers a 10% service fee. Networks are paid a commission out of the service fee.
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intervention. Cabcharge has been criticised for the 10% surcharge it collects on taxi fares paid by credit and debit cards and for the general
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way above the cost of accepting a Visa card," he said. "It's certainly more than 10 times the average Reserve Bank published cost."
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Victoria legislated in late June 2013 to limit the surcharge to 5% or less from 1 February 2014, following recommendations of the
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This article is about the taxi account payment system. For the publicly listed company formerly named Cabcharge Australia, see
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recently approached the Reserve Bank of Australia to help lower the 10% surcharge. He has been reported as saying that -
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headed by Professor Fels has made a number of major criticisms of Cabcharge and its activities in a recent report.
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Customers First – Service, Safety, Choice, Taxi Industry Inquiry Draft report, May 2012, page 542.
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Customers First – Service, Safety, Choice, Taxi Industry Inquiry Draft report, May 2012, page 525.
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Customers First – Service, Safety, Choice, Taxi Industry Inquiry Draft report, May 2012, page 515.
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Customers First – Service, Safety, Choice, Taxi Industry Inquiry Draft report, May 2012, page 262.
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Customers First – Service, Safety, Choice, Taxi Industry Inquiry Draft report, May 2012, page 261.
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Customers First – Service, Safety, Choice, Taxi Industry Inquiry Draft report, May 2012, page 260.
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Customers First – Service, Safety, Choice, Taxi Industry Inquiry Draft report, May 2012, page 259.
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Customers First – Service, Safety, Choice, Taxi Industry Inquiry Draft report, May 2012, page 257.
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Customers First – Service, Safety, Choice, Taxi Industry Inquiry Draft report, May 2012, page 256.
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Customers First – Service, Safety, Choice, Taxi Industry Inquiry Draft report, May 2012, page 255.
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Customers First – Service, Safety, Choice, Taxi Industry Inquiry Draft report, May 2012, page 254.
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Customers First – Service, Safety, Choice, Taxi Industry Inquiry Draft report, May 2012, page 243.
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Customers First – Service, Safety, Choice, Taxi Industry Inquiry Draft report, May 2012, page 21.
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Cabcharge was awarded a Shonky Award in 2012 for its 10% surcharge on taxi fares paid by card.
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713:"Cabcharge the loser in taxi reform", Madeleine Heffernan, Sydney Morning Herald, 29 May 2013.
557:"Corporate taxi accounts, credit cards, automated billing, client billing, corporate expenses"
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was the first State to restrict the surcharge to 5%, following recommendations made by the
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listed public company. In the UK and Singapore, Cabcharge is operated by subsidiaries of
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Transport Legislation Amendment (Foundation Taxi and Hire Car Reforms) Act 2013 – see
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Cabcharge at the centre of bullying allegations, John Legge, Herald Sun, 15 May 2011.
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and training. Criticism has emanated from various sources including the chair of the
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Cheaper taxi fares: NSW Government halves credit card surcharge for taxi customers
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taximeters and meter updates – Cabcharge began supplying these from late 2004.
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629:"Reserve moves to tackle card fee", Peter Martin, The Age, 21 March 2012.
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Reserve Bank action to limit card surcharges in response to the criticism
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Please help rewrite or integrate negative information to other sections
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See the findings and observations of the Federal Court of Australia in
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Western Australia reduced the surcharge to 5% from 24 February 2015.
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Fels call to cut taxi slug on cards, Natasha Bita, Consumer Editor,
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New South Wales reduced the surcharge to 5% from 12 December 2014.
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Cheaper taxi fares: Electronic payment surcharge reduction FAQ's
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Companies formerly listed on the Australian Securities Exchange
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Watchdog puts bite on taxi charge, Herald Sun, 4 August 2011.
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Predatory activities through mergers and service controls
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FCA 731]; ACCC v Cabcharge Australia Ltd (No 2) FCA 837
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Concluding criticisms about misuse of commercial power
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ACCC v Cabcharge Australia Ltd [2010] FCA 731
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253:control over most of the Australian taxi industry.
658:; ACCC v Cabcharge Australia Ltd (No 2) FCA 837.
291:Representatives from major credit card operators
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213:Australian Competition & Consumer Commission
513:Winner of one of Australia's shonkiest products
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231:reduced the surcharge to 5% in February 2015.
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436:Observations about Cabcharge's 10% surcharge
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234:The practice was also investigated by the
168:levies a 10% service fee on such payments.
163:The Cabcharge system has several aspects:
1273:Sydney Metropolitan Bus Service Contracts
1490:Cronulla and National Park Ferry Cruises
797:
795:
548:
1194:List of Sydney Trains railway stations
342:Findings of the Taxi Industry Inquiry
7:
377:Predatory use of payment instruments
41:"criticism" or "controversy" section
1043:Sydney Metro Western Sydney Airport
1016:M1 Metro North West & Bankstown
287:Criticism by major credit operators
131:(formerly Cabcharge Australia), an
1774:European Payments Initiative (EPI)
1125:T4 Eastern Suburbs & Illawarra
732:Transport for NSW 11 December 2014
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299:have also criticised the 10% fee.
14:
1764:Electronic Payment Services (EPS)
1027:Sydney Metro City & Southwest
643:http://www.legislation.vic.gov.au
517:The Australian consumer magazine
257:Criticism by Professor Allan Fels
2322:1976 establishments in Australia
2317:Transport companies of Australia
1589:denotes services yet to commence
354:General anti-competitive conduct
80:
30:
911:Taxis Combined Services website
695:VIC changes Cabcharge Surcharge
2255:Personal identification number
1534:L2 Randwick & L3 Kingsford
1460:List of Sydney Ferries wharves
1306:Keolis Downer Northern Beaches
1278:Sydney Olympic Park bus routes
1204:Transport Asset Holding Entity
1115:T2 Inner West & Leppington
878:"Shonkys 2012 - Shonky Awards"
609:ACCC v Cabcharge Australia Ltd
404:ACCC v Cabcharge Australia Ltd
133:Australian Securities Exchange
106:and remove irrelevant content.
1:
1540:L4 Westmead & Carlingford
1076:List of Sydney Metro stations
435:
104:relocate relevant information
44:may compromise the article's
2092:Card not present transaction
1976:Credit card balance transfer
1189:List of Sydney railway lines
1110:T1 North Shore & Western
141:co-own Australian systems of
99:on an aspect of the subject.
1136:T6 Lidcombe & Bankstown
906:Cabcharge corporate website
16:Taxi account payment system
2343:
1337:Liverpool–Parramatta T-way
957:Public transport in Sydney
189:Controversy over surcharge
153:anti-competitive practices
18:
2307:Companies based in Sydney
2102:Controlled payment number
1584:
1199:Sydney rail rolling stock
963:
454:payment service providers
311:State limits on surcharge
236:Reserve Bank of Australia
211:, the former head of the
2235:Hardware security module
2215:Automated teller machine
2001:Current/checking account
728:17 December 2014 at the
700:11 December 2014 at the
587:www.cabchargeasia.com.sg
1444:Transdev Sydney Ferries
744:Department of Transport
2260:Secure cryptoprocessor
1147:T8 Airport & South
1021:Sydney Metro Northwest
704:BIS Expense Management
338:to pay taxi fares..."
2225:Credit card imprinter
2199:Credit card hijacking
1311:Transdev John Holland
537:Taxi Industry Inquiry
348:Taxi Industry Inquiry
317:Taxi Industry Inquiry
221:Taxi Industry Inquiry
205:Taxi Industry Inquiry
2245:Magnetic stripe card
1480:Captain Cook Cruises
1184:Airport Link Company
209:Professor Allan Fels
2220:Contactless payment
1966:Payment card number
1428:F10 Blackwattle Bay
1393:F3 Parramatta River
1060:Metro Trains Sydney
93:a different subject
2327:Taxis of Australia
2184:Card security code
2142:Interbank networks
1779:Forbrugsforeningen
1485:Church Point Ferry
1418:F8 Cockatoo Island
151:and predatory and
139:, whom it used to
53:through discussion
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2240:Interbank network
2194:Credit card fraud
2172:
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2076:Universal default
2071:Introductory rate
1991:Revolving account
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1036:Sydney Metro West
969:Transport for NSW
685:, 6 October 2011.
563:on 24 August 2018
229:Western Australia
121:
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74:
73:
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2250:Payment terminal
2189:Chargeback fraud
2139:
1986:Installment loan
1971:Card association
1920:Rail Travel Card
1650:American Express
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1495:Manly Fast Ferry
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1342:North-West T-way
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559:. Archived from
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251:anti-competitive
196:anti-competitive
159:Cabcharge system
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2006:Savings account
1996:Deposit account
1954:
1925:Revolution Card
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1700:specialty cards
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1529:L1 Dulwich Hill
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1316:Transit Systems
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1142:T7 Olympic Park
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916:ASX - Cabcharge
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730:Wayback Machine
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702:Wayback Machine
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225:New South Wales
201:vehicle leasing
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39:This article's
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129:A2B Australia
126:
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89:This article
87:
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68:
58:
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48:
47:
42:
37:
28:
27:
22:
21:A2B Australia
2281:Issuing bank
2066:Grace period
2038:Cash advance
1981:Credit limit
1789:Hyundai Card
1731:
1698:Regional and
1586:
1576:Trolleybuses
1538:
1134:
1120:T3 Bankstown
1041:
1034:
1025:
981:
974:
967:
885:. Retrieved
881:
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833:
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815:
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767:
758:
749:
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663:
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604:
595:
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565:. Retrieved
561:the original
551:
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518:
516:
345:
336:
332:
324:
321:
314:
305:
301:
290:
260:
240:
233:
192:
172:system uses
162:
149:profiteering
145:
124:
122:
112:October 2018
109:
102:Please help
97:undue weight
90:
65:October 2018
62:
43:
2133:Card scheme
2116:Interchange
1880:Carte Bleue
1752:Diners Club
1643:Major cards
1636:debit cards
1152:T9 Northern
887:27 November
583:"Cabcharge"
2301:Categories
2265:Smart card
2208:Technology
2097:Chargeback
2043:Charge-off
1905:Everything
1655:Mastercard
1514:Light Rail
543:References
297:MasterCard
263:Allan Fels
261:Professor
182:Taximeters
46:neutrality
2128:Surcharge
1732:Cabcharge
1712:AzeriCard
1408:F6 Mosman
1288:Operators
1268:NightRide
983:Opal card
976:Ticketing
567:24 August
247:Motorpass
243:Live taxi
125:Cabcharge
57:talk page
2177:Security
2058:Interest
2048:Debt-lag
2013:ATM card
1959:Accounts
1900:Eurocard
1885:Chipknip
1870:Bankcard
1839:UnionPay
1794:Isracard
1784:Girocard
1747:Discover
1727:BCA Card
1717:Bancomat
1682:Electron
1566:Monorail
1437:Operator
1383:F1 Manly
1376:Services
1243:Metrobus
1231:Services
1161:Operator
1053:Operator
921:PaySpace
726:Archived
698:Archived
531:See also
217:Victoria
2274:Banking
2154:Interac
2107:Dispute
2085:Payment
1895:enRoute
1742:Dankort
1722:BC Card
1665:Maestro
1587:Italics
1301:CDC NSW
1296:Busways
95:or has
55:on the
2149:Cirrus
1945:Proton
1935:Switch
1915:Mondex
1890:Choice
1865:Access
1824:PayPak
1759:EFTPOS
1632:charge
1628:Credit
882:CHOICE
520:Choice
174:EFTPOS
2159:Pulse
1950:V Pay
1910:Laser
1849:Verve
1829:RuPay
1814:Meeza
1677:Debit
1660:Debit
1571:Trams
1561:Bridj
1554:Other
1522:Lines
1360:Ferry
1103:Lines
1095:Train
1009:Lines
1001:Metro
2164:Plus
2030:Debt
2018:Fees
1930:Solo
1844:UATP
1834:Troy
1819:NETS
1809:MEPS
1707:ArCa
1687:Cash
1672:Visa
1634:and
1253:190X
889:2020
569:2018
346:The
295:and
293:Visa
245:and
123:The
2230:EMV
2123:Fee
1940:PIN
1804:Mir
1799:JCB
1769:Elo
1263:400
1258:333
1248:144
1223:Bus
2303::
1737:CB
1630:,
1238:B1
880:.
869:^
794:^
672:^
634:^
616:^
585:.
406:."
238:.
227:.
207:,
143:.
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949:e
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935:v
891:.
645:.
589:.
571:.
114:)
110:(
67:)
63:(
59:.
49:.
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.