5880:
648:
670:
1005:
750:
1039:, he having been slain by Arthur with Excalibur in a duel involving a false Excalibur (Morgan also secretly makes at least one duplicate of Excalibur during the time when the sword is entrusted to her by Arthur earlier in the different French, Iberian and English variants of that story). During Morgan's flight from the pursuit by Arthur, the sheath is then thrown by her into a deep lake and lost. This act later enables the death of Arthur, deprived of its magical protection, many years later in
58:
1109:
1176:. When drawn by a worthy or well-born man, the entire blade would blaze with fire. Rhydderch was never reluctant to hand the weapon to anyone, hence his nickname Hael "the Generous", but the recipients, as soon as they had learned of its peculiar properties, always rejected the sword. There are other similar weapons described in other mythologies as well. Irish mythology features Caladbolg, the sword of
5663:
5651:
3465:
3477:
3489:
1140:, as also foretold in Merlin's prophecies. This powerful yet cursed weapon, known as the Adventurous Sword among other names, has also come from Avalon; it is first stolen and wielded by Balin until his death while killing his own brother, then is briefly taken up by Galahad, and eventually is used by
1030:
is also said to have powers of its own, as any wounds received while wearing it would not bleed at all, thus preventing the wearer from ever bleeding to death in battle. For this reason, Merlin chides Arthur for preferring
Excalibur over its sheath, saying that the latter is the greater treasure. The
922:
continuation from the earlier cycle, choosing to add an original account of Arthur's early days including a new origin for
Excalibur. In some versions, Excalibur's blade was engraved with phrases on opposite sides: "Take me up" and "Cast me away" (or similar). In addition, it said that when Excalibur
789:
to cast
Excalibur into a nearby lake. After two failed attempts to deceive Arthur, since Griflet felt that such a great sword should not be thrown away, he finally does comply with the wounded king's request. A woman's hand emerges from the lake to catch Excalibur, after which
746:, succeeds effortlessly. Arthur first achieves this feat by accident while unaware of the contest and unseen. He then returns the sword to its place in the anvil on a stone, and later repeats the act publicly as Merlin comes to announce his true parentage.
1091:, features Arthur who was brought back to life by Morgan and then wandered the world for a long time while mad and able to talk only when having Excalibur in his hands. Finally, Morgan finds her brother imprisoned in the contemporary (15th-century)
704:, the first known tale to mention the "sword in the stone" motif, Arthur obtained the British throne by pulling a sword from an anvil sitting atop a stone that appeared in a churchyard on Christmas Eve. In this account, as foretold by
1043:. In Malory's telling, the scabbard is never found again. In the Post-Vulgate, however, it is recovered and claimed by another fay, Marsique, who then briefly gives it to Gawain to help him fight Naborn the Enchanter (a
1413:
There drew he forth the brand
Excalibur, / And o'er him, drawing it, the winter moon, / Brightening the skirts of a long cloud, ran forth / And sparkled keen with frost against the hilt / For all the haft twinkled with
5879:
174:
are not the same weapon, even as in some versions of the legend both of them share the name of
Excalibur. Several similar swords and other weapons also appear within Arthurian texts, as well as in other legends.
1196:, which is an Irish term meaning "sword of light", or "shining sword", appears in a number of orally transmitted Irish folk-tales. The Sword in the Stone has an analogue in some versions of the story of
847:
where both cycles locate the battle, as do the
English romances) by Griflet in the same circumstances as told in the story's Vulgate version. Malory included both of these stories in his now-iconic
307:
and D. Simon Evans. They suggest instead that both names "may have similarly arisen at a very early date as generic names for a sword". In the late 15th to early 16th-century Middle
Cornish play
6159:
895:
on the golden hilt; when the sword was unsheathed what was seen from the mouths of the two chimeras was like two flames of fire, so dreadful that it was not easy for anyone to look."
1180:, which was also known for its incredible power and was carried by some of Ireland's greatest heroes. The name, which can also mean "hard cleft" in Irish, appears in the plural,
726:, "whoso pulleth out this sword of this stone and anvil, is rightwise king born of all England.") The scene is set by different authors at either explicitly London (historical
1839:
Bryant, Nigel (ed, trans), Merlin and the Grail: Joseph of
Arimathea, Merlin, Perceval: the Trilogy of Prose Romances Attributed to Robert de Boron, DS Brewer, 2001, p. 107ff.
1256:. Marmiadoise's powers (such as causing wounds that would never heal) are in fact so superior compared to those of Excalibur that Arthur gives his old sword to Gawain.
738:. After many of the gathered nobles try and fail to complete Merlin's challenge, the teenage Arthur, who up to this point had believed himself to be biological son of
1232:, Clarent is the royal sword of peace meant for knighting and ceremonies as opposed to battle, which Mordred stole and then used to kill Arthur at Camlann. The Prose
4475:
4529:
914:. Its role was expanded upon in the Vulgate Cycle and in the Post-Vulgate Cycle which emerged in its wake. Both of these prose cycles incorporated the Prose
6011:
4442:
1165:
5609:
3266:
2637:
875:
the
Irishman to kill the Irish king Diwrnach while stealing his magical cauldron. Though not named as Caledfwlch, Arthur's sword is described vividly in
5666:
3526:
1216:. Apart from legendary swords, the only real ancient Sword in the Stone which still exists nowadays is kept since the medieval ages in the Chapel of
823:, written soon afterwards, Arthur's sword drawn from the stone is unnamed. Furthermore, the young Arthur promptly breaks it in his duel against King
5701:
3386:
1303:
in 1191. On 6 March 1191, after the Treaty of
Messina, either this or another claimed Excalibur was given as a gift of goodwill by the English king
1014:
647:
327:. It is unclear if the name was borrowed from the Welsh (if so, it must have been an early loan, for phonological reasons), or represents an early,
851:
while naming each of the swords as Excalibur: both the first one (from the stone), soon shattered in combat in a story taken from the Post-Vulgate
669:
4834:
2476:
910:. When his influential pseudo-history made it to continental Europe, writers altered the name further until it finally took on the popular form
4492:
2523:
1872:
5564:
4824:
1220:
at Montesiepi in Tuscany, Italy; it is associated with the 12th-century Italian legend of that saint in the tale of "Tuscany's Excalibur".
1062:
with Excalibur. This is, however, in contrast to most versions, where Excalibur belongs solely to Arthur. A few texts, such as the English
663:(1906). Here, as in many more modern depictions of this scene, there is no anvil and the sword is lodged directly within the stone itself
1398:
1299:
Historically, a sword identified as Excalibur (Caliburn) was supposedly discovered during the exhumation of Arthur's purported grave at
734:(which can be a city and also associated with London), and might have been inspired by a miracle attributed to the 11th-century bishop
5654:
5559:
4468:
1385:
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2597:
2502:
2464:
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2436:
2428:
2384:
2357:
2318:
2213:
2165:
2138:
2111:
1946:
1824:
3434:
940:
carries Excalibur, "for at his belt hung Escalibor, the finest sword that there was, which sliced through iron as through wood" ("
5840:
931:
2959:
2821:
1004:
923:
was first drawn in combat, in the first battle testing Arthur's sovereignty, its blade shone so bright it blinded his enemies.
1773:
Blacker, Jean (1996). "Will the Real Brut Please Stand Up? Wace's Roman de Brut in Anglo-Norman and Continental Manuscripts".
5630:
4298:
2630:
1376:
597:
found in various continental manuscripts). Various other spellings in the later medieval Arthurian literature have included
6169:
5800:
4461:
3562:
3519:
700:
1271:, where Arthur uses it to slice the witch Orddu in half. Rhongomyniad ("spear" + "striker, slayer") is also mentioned in
6174:
5888:
5694:
5489:
2911:
2876:
654:
5624:
4924:
3381:
1633:
2036:
thenne he drewe his swerd Excalibur, but it was so breyght in his enemyes eyen that it gaf light lyke thirty torchys.
5950:
1315:
monarchs, such as their association of the crown of King Arthur with the crown they won from the slain Welsh prince
990:). It is from this fanciful etymological musing that Thomas Malory got the notion that Excalibur meant 'cut steel' (
5825:
5614:
3958:
3595:
3429:
3039:
2776:
1063:
31:
6164:
6149:
5719:
4509:
2623:
354:
337:
6179:
5945:
5835:
5604:
3512:
1667:
749:
1605:
Ivor Arnold's edition uses 22 manuscripts including fragments, and as to base text, considers the continental
1683:
827:
very early in his reign. On Merlin's advice, Arthur then goes with him to be given the actual Excalibur by a
5687:
4739:
4649:
4363:
4236:
3716:
2658:
1594:
1328:
1308:
167:
831:
in exchange for a later boon for her (some time later, she arrives at Arthur's court to demand the head of
5548:
5339:
5334:
2006:
1291:("fair face") is the name of Arthur's ship while his shield is named Wynebgwrthucher ("face of evening").
1228:
A number of different swords and other weapons have been also associated with Arthur. In the Alliterative
680:
468:(1134–1140), mentions Arthur and his sword: "this Constantine was the nephew of Arthur, who had the sword
221:
1365:
Le Roux de Lincy relied on continental manuscripts, but there were insular (Anglo-Norman) copies as well.
5785:
5379:
5284:
4829:
3657:
3650:
3391:
2263:
2031:
1990:
877:
709:
128:
5494:
5484:
3588:
3581:
1050:
As mentioned above, Excalibur is wielded also by Gawain in some French romances, including the Vulgate
927:
5662:
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5739:
5289:
5114:
5039:
4914:
4839:
4709:
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4609:
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3643:
3636:
3574:
3144:
3129:
3104:
3054:
2929:
2751:
2676:
1316:
1304:
735:
722:
276:
4567:
5935:
5915:
5845:
5515:
5394:
5094:
4979:
4849:
4844:
4734:
4354:
3978:
3938:
3923:
3793:
1890:"The Staff in the Stone: Finding Arthur's Sword in the 'Vita Sancti Edwardi' of Aelred of Rievaulx"
1584:
1177:
892:
463:
57:
1850:
Morte Darthur: Sir Thomas Malory's Book of King Arthur and of His Noble Knights of the Round Table
1108:
1095:, where she restores him to his mind by making him gaze upon his reflection in Excalibur's blade.
5955:
5474:
5414:
5319:
5269:
5004:
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4699:
4501:
3863:
3848:
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3722:
3710:
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3044:
3004:
2934:
1917:
1909:
1782:
1649:
1407:
812:
409:
4293:
1558:
1637:
1077:(in the first of these, he also uses it to kill Lucius). In the Iberian post-Arthurian romance
5991:
5910:
5905:
5780:
5744:
5574:
5536:
5530:
5525:
5389:
5354:
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3903:
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3615:
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3414:
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2593:
2519:
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2460:
2440:
2432:
2424:
2420:
2380:
2374:
2353:
2347:
2314:
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2209:
2203:
2161:
2155:
2134:
2128:
2107:
2101:
1942:
1868:
1862:
1820:
1814:
1300:
1193:
1117:
1040:
840:
761:
258:
47:
1936:
1742:
1671:
6027:
5759:
5749:
5734:
5636:
5374:
5349:
5109:
5054:
5029:
4654:
4028:
3963:
3535:
3328:
3134:
3114:
3069:
1901:
1405:
detail in his poem "Morte d'Arthur", later rewritten as "The Passing of Arthur", one of the
1217:
1205:
1087:
828:
659:
328:
171:
151:
101:
2399:
1761:
No. IV, Bibl. du Roi, No 180 (olim Cangé 600)→ (olim 7515, Colbert 2132 )→BnF fr. 1416, "J"
6107:
6057:
5860:
5805:
5520:
5444:
5304:
5294:
5194:
5184:
5179:
5159:
5104:
5049:
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4201:
4048:
3873:
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3808:
3703:
3622:
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3419:
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3363:
3338:
3318:
3296:
3284:
3094:
2999:
2756:
2691:
1161:
1059:
1044:
955:
844:
757:
713:
695:
453:
372:
304:
288:
199:
83:
2279:
902:
is the first non-Welsh text to speak of the sword. Geoffrey says the sword was forged in
2615:
2611:
The Camelot Project at the University of Rochester: Excalibur and the Sword in the Stone
1864:
The Arthur of the French: The Arthurian Legend in Medieval French and Occitan Literature
6102:
5830:
5815:
5754:
5579:
5384:
5359:
5199:
5074:
4819:
4774:
4744:
4714:
4704:
4560:
4421:
4278:
4211:
4058:
4053:
4013:
3813:
3493:
3481:
3291:
3256:
3210:
1799:
Zimmer, Heinrich. "Bretonische Elemente in der Arthursage des Gottfried von Monmouth",
1543:
1169:
1113:
1092:
891:
being summoned, and saw him rise with Arthur's sword in his hand, with a design of two
773:
210:
188:
2205:
The Arthur of the Iberians: The Arthurian Legends in the Spanish and Portuguese Worlds
6143:
5865:
5409:
5264:
5119:
4909:
4538:
4381:
4231:
4206:
3998:
3878:
3868:
3169:
2954:
2741:
2560:
2453:
1921:
1312:
1032:
943:
Qu'il avoit cainte Escalibor, la meillor espee qui fust, qu'ele trenche fer come fust
791:
785:, when Arthur is at the brink of death, he enigmatically orders his surviving knight
778:
756:, a lake in Cornwall associated with the legend of Excalibur due to its proximity to
717:
485:
105:
2610:
1593:
Text in tome 1 (vv. 1–9004) does not yet mention sword, but Cf. birth of "Artus" at
1591:. Vol. 1. Paris: Société des anciens textes français. pp. i–xiv, lix–lxvi.
996:
the name of it,' said the lady, 'is Excalibur, that is as moche to say, as cut stele
5599:
5404:
5274:
5209:
5204:
5079:
4517:
4313:
4271:
4266:
4221:
4148:
3973:
3843:
3696:
3469:
3424:
3215:
3034:
2964:
1573:
Chaliburne v. 9279, Caliburne v. 10083 Caliburn 11547 Calibuerne 12891 12910 12926.
1264:
1173:
804:
753:
676:
438:
6087:
6062:
6001:
4251:
1347:
Zimmer omits "Chalabrun" counting it as inclusive in 3 occurrences of "Calabrun ".
871:, it is one of Arthur's most valuable possessions and is used by Arthur's warrior
2491:
1144:
to give his former friend Gawain a mortal wound in their long final duel. In the
694:
Romance tradition elaborates on how Arthur came into possession of Excalibur. In
6072:
6042:
5764:
5619:
5469:
5424:
5399:
5219:
4994:
4874:
4634:
4589:
4432:
4389:
4318:
4153:
4063:
3763:
3333:
3251:
3079:
3049:
3019:
2646:
2544:
Lancelot-Grail: The Old French Arthurian Vulgate and Post-Vulgate in Translation
1402:
1381:
1253:
1153:, Lancelot pulls other weapons from stone on two occasions. In the Post-Vulgate
1128:
The challenge of drawing a sword from a stone (placed on the river just outside
1009:
269:). The name was later used in Welsh adaptations of foreign material such as the
163:
159:
155:
93:
66:
2423:, 3rd ed. Field, Rev. P. J. C. (1990). 3 vol. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
2181:
6082:
6037:
5986:
5850:
5229:
5034:
5024:
4884:
4879:
4864:
4859:
4664:
4639:
4614:
4594:
4437:
4303:
4183:
4173:
4123:
4018:
3943:
3918:
3888:
3828:
3783:
3689:
3236:
3205:
3149:
2866:
2786:
1260:
1209:
1149:
1145:
1137:
883:
872:
457:
310:
1275:, although only in passing; it appears as simply Ron ("spear") in Geoffrey's
1157:, Morgan creates the copies of Excalibur itself as well as of its scabbard.
6022:
5981:
5594:
5459:
5454:
5344:
5329:
5314:
5299:
5044:
5019:
5014:
5009:
4959:
4949:
4944:
4939:
4799:
4769:
4764:
4759:
4729:
4669:
4624:
4619:
4377:
4367:
4349:
4256:
4246:
4163:
4118:
4078:
4068:
3908:
3838:
3773:
3758:
3439:
3200:
3174:
3109:
3084:
2974:
2944:
2896:
2886:
2721:
2716:
2686:
832:
824:
739:
727:
412:
282:
256:. Caledfwlch appears in several early Welsh works, including the prose tale
6092:
2806:
2474:
Ford, P.K. (1983). "On the Significance of some Arthurian Names in Welsh".
1938:
The Lost Tomb of King Arthur: The Search for Camelot and the Isle of Avalon
1752:
No I, Bibl. du Roi, No 27 (olim 7535, Cangé 69)→BnF fr. 1450, Arnold's "H"
3504:
1905:
1192:"), a 10th-century Irish translation of the classical tale. A sword named
1136:, whose achievement of the task indicates that he is destined to find the
6132:
Note: some of the existing swords are named after earlier legendary ones.
6112:
6097:
6077:
6052:
6006:
5960:
5820:
5554:
5464:
5419:
5324:
5259:
5254:
5234:
5214:
5169:
5164:
5139:
5134:
4989:
4969:
4929:
4899:
4889:
4854:
4809:
4804:
4794:
4784:
4779:
4694:
4659:
4644:
4629:
4604:
4343:
4339:
4288:
4168:
4143:
4023:
4003:
3933:
3883:
3818:
3788:
3778:
3768:
3748:
3682:
3358:
3348:
3323:
3313:
3303:
3164:
3119:
3089:
3014:
2984:
2949:
2924:
2891:
2856:
2836:
2791:
2746:
2666:
1249:
1141:
1027:
795:
428:
109:
1913:
1889:
1786:
1653:
1267:
that belonged to him. Carnwennan ("little white-hilt") first appears in
855:, and its replacement (from the lake), returned by Bedivere in the end.
720:
related in his English-language Arthurian compilation, the 15th-century
708:, the act could not be performed except by "the true king", meaning the
17:
6117:
5996:
5940:
5810:
5795:
5589:
5584:
5449:
5439:
5429:
5369:
5309:
5249:
5149:
5144:
5129:
5124:
5099:
5089:
5084:
5059:
4999:
4984:
4689:
4674:
4453:
4404:
4395:
4385:
4373:
4308:
4283:
4178:
4158:
4133:
4128:
4098:
4093:
4033:
3993:
3968:
3913:
3898:
3833:
3803:
3798:
3308:
3274:
3246:
3241:
3074:
3029:
2989:
2939:
2919:
2901:
2881:
2871:
2851:
2846:
2841:
2831:
2826:
2816:
2811:
2736:
2731:
2726:
2701:
2681:
2513:
1423:
1415:
1288:
1280:
1201:
1133:
1129:
1074:
1036:
965:
c'est non Ebrieu qui dist en franchois trenche fer & achier et fust
786:
743:
321:, which is etymologically an exact Middle Cornish cognate of the Welsh
166:
of Britain. Traditionally, the sword in the stone that is the proof of
113:
1457:
1455:
1453:
1451:
1449:
767:
The identity of this sword as Excalibur is made explicit in the Prose
6067:
6047:
5976:
5855:
5790:
5569:
5510:
5434:
5364:
5244:
5239:
5189:
4964:
4954:
4904:
4869:
4814:
4789:
4754:
4679:
4584:
4400:
4261:
4241:
4226:
4108:
4103:
4088:
4008:
3988:
3983:
3928:
3629:
3353:
3343:
3279:
3195:
3159:
3154:
3124:
3099:
3064:
2979:
2861:
2801:
2711:
2706:
1197:
1112:"How Galahad drew out the sword from the floating stone at Camelot."
937:
903:
794:
appears to take Arthur to Avalon. This motif then became attached to
731:
705:
381:
139:
117:
97:
3858:
2455:
Culhwch and Olwen. An Edition and Study of the Oldest Arthurian Tale
2295:
History On The Edge: Excalibur and the Borders of Britain, 1100–1300
2376:
Anglo-Norman Studies XXI: Proceedings of the Battle Conference 1998
1638:"Bretonische Elemente in der Arthursage des Gottfried von Monmouth"
1248:, Arthur captures Marmiadoise (Marmydoyse), the marvelous sword of
279:. It is often considered to be related to the phonetically similar
6032:
5711:
5479:
5279:
4934:
4919:
4724:
4719:
4359:
4334:
4216:
4138:
4113:
3953:
3948:
3823:
3753:
3179:
3139:
3024:
3009:
2766:
2761:
2671:
1419:
1107:
1003:
888:
799:
748:
5679:
1374:
This line from Malory is also quoted in the 1938 Arthurian novel
1031:
scabbard is, however, soon stolen from Arthur by his half-sister
675:"King Arthur asks the Lady of the Lake for the sword Excalibur".
5930:
5925:
5920:
5154:
5069:
4083:
2969:
2796:
2696:
1525:
Hardy, T. D. and Martin, C. T. (eds./trans.), Gaimar, Geoffrey.
1213:
1189:
479:
5683:
4457:
3508:
2619:
2346:
Harper-Bill, Christopher; Vincent, Nicholas (August 20, 2007).
1722:
1714:
1706:
1698:
1690:
972:, also means 'blade' or 'sword') and comes from medieval Latin
963:
946:"). This statement was probably picked up by the author of the
941:
592:
586:
580:
574:
568:
562:
554:
548:
540:
532:
524:
518:
512:
506:
498:
483:
473:
461:
1563:. Vol. 2. Paris: Société des anciens textes français. vv.
2062:
Chrétien De Troyes: Le Roman De Perceval ou Le Conte Du Graal
1781:. Indiana University Press. pp. 175–176 and note2, 177, etc.
1758:
No. III, Bibl. du Roi, No 180, Suppl. franç. (olim Cangé 600)
1755:
No. II, Bibl. du Roi, No 73 (olim Cangé 600)→BnF fr. 794, "K"
387:
2400:“In Search of the Once and Future King: Arthur and Edward I”
1236:
of the Vulgate Cycle mentions a sword called Sequence (also
1172:, one of the Three Generous Men of Britain mentioned in the
808:), instead of Griflet, in the English Arthurian tradition.
1311:. It was one of a series of symbolic Arthurian acts by the
839:, it is this sword that is eventually hurled into the pool
2228:
Tri Thlws ar Ddeg, ed. and tr. Bromwich (1978): pp. 240–1.
1585:"Introduction I.—Les mauscrit; V.—Choix du manuscrit base"
685:
King Arthur's Knights: The Tales Retold for Boys and Girls
334:
Welsh author Geoffrey of Monmouth, in his Latin chronicle
2237:
Thurneysen, R. "Zur Keltischen Literatur und Grammatik",
1529:(lines 45–46), Eyre and Spottiswoode, London, 1889, p. 2.
918:, however the Post-Vulgate authors left out the original
2264:"Tuscany's Excalibur is the real thing, say scientists"
1617:(Penrose) best among the insular (Anglo-Norman) copies.
1259:
Early-Arthurian Welsh tradition knew of a dagger named
1085:) to the eponymous hero. Another late Iberian romance,
1058:
also uniquely tells of Gawain killing the Roman leader
1244:) as borrowed from Arthur by Lancelot. In the Vulgate
958:
name which means in French 'cuts iron, steel, and wood
2254:, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, 1957, p. 68.
1738:
1497:
1495:
984:'sharp', so there is no direct connection with Latin
475:
Cil Costentin, li niès Artur, Ki out l'espée Caliburc
2567:. University of Michigan Humanities Text Initiative.
2297:(Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press) p. 212.
1686:, but this was not exhaustive. The forms found were:
365:(possibly influenced by the Medieval Latin spelling
316:
308:
213:
5969:
5898:
5887:
5773:
5727:
5718:
5503:
4577:
4528:
4491:
4414:
4327:
4192:
3736:
3674:
3605:
3561:
3554:
3402:
3374:
3265:
3224:
3188:
2910:
2775:
2657:
1461:
887:(as translated by Jeffrey Gantz): "Then they heard
135:
123:
89:
79:
74:
39:
2490:
2452:
1801:Zeitschrift für französische Sprache und Literatur
1642:Zeitschrift für französische Sprache und Literatur
447:
441:
432:
6160:Fictional elements introduced in the 11th century
1073:, tell of Arthur using Excalibur to kill his son
742:and went there as a squire to his foster brother
954:, where the author asserts that Escalibor "is a
638:The Sword in the Stone and the Sword in the Lake
1749:. The four 13th cent. mss. he lists are :
1631:(Caveat misspellings, misnumberings, etc. in:)
1132:) also appears in the later Arthurian story of
863:In the Welsh tales, Arthur's sword is known as
497:), composed in Old French, the sword is called
422:
416:
1867:. University of Wales Press. 15 October 2020.
1816:The Roman King Arthur?: Lucius Artorius Castus
1356:Misspelt "Escaliborc" (at v. 13330) by Zimmer.
1168:, is said to be a powerful sword belonging to
1022:In the Post-Vulgate version, used in Malory's
5695:
4469:
3520:
2631:
1627:
1625:
1623:
8:
2373:Harper-Bill, Christopher (August 20, 1999).
1852:. p. 28. J. B. Lippincott and Company, 1868.
1008:"Queen Morgana Loses Excalibur His Sheath."
781:. Eventually, in the cycle's finale Vulgate
202:
4443:Thirteen Treasures of the Island of Britain
2402:. Medievalists.net. Retrieved 1 August 2021
1613:(Durham, Cathedral Library, C. IV. 27) and
1166:Thirteen Treasures of the Island of Britain
985:
979:
973:
777:cycle of French romances also known as the
561:(with additional variant spellings such as
403:
375:
366:
358:
335:
322:
298:
292:
280:
270:
241:
225:
191:
5895:
5724:
5702:
5688:
5680:
5610:Locations associated with Arthurian legend
4476:
4462:
4454:
3558:
3527:
3513:
3505:
2638:
2624:
2616:
2333:
2075:Arthurian Tradition and Chrétien de Troyes
1184:, as a generic term for "great swords" in
56:
1513:
1487:Celtic Culture: A Historical Encyclopedia
1279:. Geoffrey also names Arthur's shield as
1164:, the Dyrnwyn ("White-Hilt"), one of the
653:Arthur draws the sword from the stone in
1035:in revenge for the death of her beloved
1015:The Story of King Arthur and His Knights
287:, a sword borne by several figures from
4835:Constantine III (Western Roman Emperor)
2477:Bulletin of the Board of Celtic Studies
2182:"Brigantia, Cartimandua and Gwenhwyfar"
1803:, Volume 12, E. Franck's, 1890, p. 236.
1445:
1340:
881:, one of the tales associated with the
402:). Most Celticists consider Geoffrey's
5650:
2459:. Cardiff: University of Wales Press.
2451:Bromwich, R.; Simon Evans, D. (1992).
2002:
1986:
1212:where it is embedded by the Norse god
1026:for the second Excalibur, the sword's
36:
2090:, Volume 3. Clarendon, 1990, p. 1301.
2018:
1473:
906:and Latinises the name Caledfwlch as
331:traditional name for Arthur's sword.
7:
5565:List of legendary rulers of Cornwall
4825:Constans II (son of Constantine III)
2310:Encyclopedia of Mythological Objects
2239:Zeitschrift für celtische Philologie
2133:. Inner Traditions / Bear & Co.
1974:
1676:. Vol. 2. Rouen: Édouard Frère.
1538:Wright, T. (ed.); Gaimar, Geoffrey.
1501:
1307:(Richard the Lionheart) to his ally
275:s (chronicles), which were based on
162:or be associated with the rightful
1848:Sir Thomas Malory, William Caxton.
1489:, Volume 1, ABC-CLIO, 2006, p. 329.
344:The History of the Kings of Britain
5560:List of legendary kings of Britain
3637:Owain, or the Lady of the Fountain
2555:. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
2154:Conlee, John (September 1, 1998).
2100:Lacy, Norris J. (August 6, 2010).
1935:Phillips, Graham (11 April 2016).
1711:v. 10341, p. 89; v. 13330, p. 215
936:, Arthur's nephew and best knight
25:
2252:Early Irish history and mythology
2130:Sir Gawain: Knight of the Goddess
2127:Matthews, John (March 25, 2003).
5878:
5841:Sword of State of South Carolina
5661:
5649:
3487:
3475:
3463:
2049:Perceval: The Story of the Grail
1813:Sullivan, Tony (July 14, 2022).
1682:: 51, 88, 213, 215 according to
1081:, Morgan later gifts Excalibur (
668:
646:
303:has been considered unlikely by
170:and the sword given to him by a
2590:The New Arthurian Encyclopedia.
2417:The Works of Sir Thomas Malory,
2064:, Librairie Droz, 1959, p. 173.
1462:Bromwich & Simon Evans 1992
1426:-work / Of subtlest jewellery."
1252:, from the latter's descendant
930:' late 12th-century Old French
5631:Vera historia de morte Arthuri
3435:King Arthur's messianic return
2553:Dictionary of Celtic Mythology
2307:Bane, Theresa (May 29, 2020).
2284:, TEAMS, retrieved 26-02-2007.
2088:The works of Sir Thomas Malory
1609:(BnF français 1454) best, and
1401:, described the sword in full
968:"; the word for 'steel' here,
760:, a potential location of the
730:) or generally in the land of
357:the name of Arthur's sword as
27:Legendary sword of King Arthur
1:
2574:Merlin: roman du XIIIe siècle
2533:Jones, T.; Jones, G. (1949).
2349:Henry II: New Interpretations
2208:. University of Wales Press.
2047:Bryant, Nigel (trans., ed.).
1963:Merlin: roman du XIIIe siècle
1223:
771:, a part of the 13th-century
491:
347:
263:
2202:Hook, David (15 June 2015).
2106:. Boydell & Brewer Ltd.
1739:Le Roux de Lincy (1836–1838)
655:Henrietta Elizabeth Marshall
382:
187:ultimately derives from the
5625:Trojan genealogy of Nennius
4925:Eldol, Consul of Gloucester
811:However, in the subsequent
625:, and finally the familiar
315:, Arthur's sword is called
131:, magic weapon, ritual item
6201:
5801:Curved saber of San Martín
5615:Treason of the Long Knives
3704:The Dream of Macsen Wledig
3430:Historicity of King Arthur
2281:Alliterative Morte Arthure
2270:. Retrieved 1 August 2021.
1888:Dutton, Marsha L. (2007).
1819:. Pen and Sword Military.
1583:Arnold, Ivor, ed. (1938).
1557:Arnold, Ivor, ed. (1938).
1540:Gaimar, Havelok et Herward
1122:The Romance of King Arthur
1069:and one copy of the Welsh
859:Other roles and attributes
388:
291:, although a borrowing of
32:Excalibur (disambiguation)
29:
6130:
5876:
5645:
5490:Æthelfrith of Northumbria
4510:Historia Regum Britanniae
3543:
3458:
2592:(London: Garland. 1996).
2572:Micha, Alexandre (1979).
2551:MacKillop, James (1998).
2389:– via Google Books.
2362:– via Google Books.
2323:– via Google Books.
2170:– via Google Books.
2143:– via Google Books.
2116:– via Google Books.
2077:, Columbia, 1949, p. 424.
2051:, DS Brewer, 2006, p. 69.
1829:– via Google Books.
1668:Le Roux de Lincy, Antoine
1099:Connections and analogues
1071:Ymddiddan Arthur a'r Eryr
338:Historia Regum Britanniae
55:
44:
6155:Medieval European swords
5946:Shamshir-e Zomorrodnegar
5836:Sword of Saint Wenceslas
5605:Siege of Exeter (c. 630)
2542:Lacy, Norris J. (1996).
2379:. Boydell & Brewer.
1961:Micha, Alexandre (ed.).
1589:Le roman de Brut de Wace
1560:Le roman de Brut de Wace
1397:Nineteenth-century poet
267: 11th–12th century
4740:Camber (legendary king)
4650:Augustine of Canterbury
3070:Lady/Ladies of the Lake
2489:Gantz, Jeffrey (1987).
1723:
1715:
1707:
1699:
1691:
1329:List of magical weapons
1309:Tancred, King of Sicily
964:
942:
835:). In the Post-Vulgate
710:divinely appointed king
593:
587:
581:
575:
569:
563:
555:
549:
541:
533:
525:
519:
513:
507:
499:
484:
474:
462:
448:
442:
433:
423:
417:
317:
309:
214:
75:In-universe information
5549:Gesta Regum Britanniae
5340:Quintus Laberius Durus
5335:Publius Septimius Geta
4227:Cavall (Cafall, Cabal)
3339:Land/Castle of Maidens
2334:Jones & Jones 1949
2241:, Volume 12, p. 281ff.
2086:Vinaver, Eugène (ed.)
1941:. Simon and Schuster.
1516:, pp. 64–65, 174.
1377:The Sword in the Stone
1224:Arthur's other weapons
1125:
1019:
986:
980:
974:
889:Cadwr Earl of Cornwall
764:
408:to be derivative of a
404:
376:
367:
359:
336:
323:
299:
293:
281:
271:
242:
226:
203:
192:
160:possess magical powers
5285:Oswald of Northumbria
4830:Constantine the Great
3658:The Dream of Rhonabwy
3651:Peredur son of Efrawg
3563:Four Branches of the
2497:. New York: Penguin.
2032:Winchester Manuscript
2030:Malory writes in the
1965:(Geneva: Droz, 1979).
1906:10.1353/art.2007.0018
1546:, London, 1850, p. 2.
1418:sparks, / Myriads of
1399:Alfred, Lord Tennyson
1188:("The Destruction of
1111:
1007:
878:The Dream of Rhonabwy
752:
736:Wulfstan of Worcester
6170:Geoffrey of Monmouth
5740:Seven-Branched Sword
5290:Oswiu of Northumbria
5115:Julius Asclepiodotus
5040:Gwenddoleu ap Ceidio
4915:Edwin of Northumbria
4840:Constantine (Briton)
4710:Budic II of Brittany
4685:Bledric ap Custennin
4610:Ambrosius Aurelianus
4485:Geoffrey of Monmouth
3665:Geraint son of Erbin
3575:Pwyll Pendefig Dyfed
3105:Lynette and Lyonesse
2930:Angharad Golden-Hand
2752:Ambrosius Aurelianus
2546:. New York: Garland.
1527:L'Estoire des Engles
1317:Llywelyn ap Gruffudd
1305:Richard I of England
1295:Excalibur as a relic
1116:'s illustration for
1012:'s illustration for
698:c. 1200 French poem
679:'s illustration for
277:Geoffrey of Monmouth
30:For other uses, see
6175:Mythological swords
5916:Gan Jiang and Mo Ye
5846:Sword of Stalingrad
5516:Battle of Arfderydd
5395:Silvius (mythology)
5095:Ingenius of Britain
4980:Gogmagog (folklore)
4850:Cordelia of Britain
4845:Constantius Chlorus
4735:Cadwallon ap Cadfan
4433:Cauldron of rebirth
3939:Goreu fab Custennin
3924:Glewlwyd Gafaelfawr
1727:, v. 13295, p. 213
1670:, ed. (1836–1838).
853:Merlin Continuation
821:Merlin Continuation
464:Estoire des Engleis
427:) had not yet been
179:Forms and etymology
63:Excalibur the Sword
5956:Totsuka-no-Tsurugi
5495:Œthelwald of Deira
5485:Æthelberht of Kent
5475:Wulfhere of Mercia
5415:Son of Gorbonianus
5320:Pir of the Britons
5270:Nennius of Britain
5005:Gracianus Municeps
4895:Dunvallo Molmutius
4700:Brutus Greenshield
4502:Prophetiae Merlini
3849:Cymidei Cymeinfoll
3744:Afaon fab Taliesin
3723:Lludd and Llefelys
3711:Englynion y Beddau
3589:Manawydan fab Llŷr
3582:Branwen ferch Llŷr
3494:History portal
3482:England portal
3450:Tristan and Iseult
3445:Knight of the Swan
3045:Guiron le Courtois
3005:Elaine of Corbenic
2935:Anguish of Ireland
2518:. Stroud: Tempus.
2515:Concepts of Arthur
2512:Green, T. (2007).
2293:Warren, Michelle.
2250:O'Rahilly, T. F.
1719:, v. 11938, p. 155
1408:Idylls of the King
1380:by British author
1263:and a spear named
1204:, draws the sword
1126:
1079:Florambel de Lucea
1020:
978:, a derivative of
928:Chrétien de Troyes
813:Post-Vulgate Cycle
765:
127:Proof of Arthur's
6137:
6136:
6126:
6125:
6113:Sword of Damocles
5921:Kris Mpu Gandring
5911:Cura Si Manjakini
5874:
5873:
5781:Ballinderry Sword
5745:Sugari no Ontachi
5677:
5676:
5575:Matter of Britain
5537:Brut y Tywysogion
5531:Battle of Guoloph
5526:Battle of Camlann
5390:Septimius Severus
5355:Regan (King Lear)
5225:Marius of Britain
5175:Lucius of Britain
5065:Hengist and Horsa
4600:Alhfrith of Deira
4554:Brut y Brenhinedd
4451:
4450:
3894:Elffin ap Gwyddno
3732:
3731:
3616:Culhwch and Olwen
3596:Math fab Mathonwy
3502:
3501:
3415:Battle of Camlann
3189:Animal characters
3145:Percival's sister
2995:Elaine of Astolat
2651:Matter of Britain
2588:Lacy, N. J (ed).
2565:Le Morte D'Arthur
2525:978-0-7524-4461-1
2352:. Boydell Press.
1874:978-1-78683-743-1
1703:, v. 10323, p. 88
1695:. v. 9514, p. 51
1464:, pp. 64–65.
1386:Disney adaptation
1301:Glastonbury Abbey
1269:Culhwch and Olwen
1118:Alfred W. Pollard
1024:Le Morte d'Arthur
869:Culhwch and Olwen
849:Le Morte d'Arthur
802:in the chronicle
762:Battle of Camlann
723:Le Morte d'Arthur
696:Robert de Boron's
380:, from the Greek
259:Culhwch and Olwen
145:
144:
48:Matter of Britain
16:(Redirected from
6192:
6165:Fictional swords
6150:Arthurian legend
5931:Kris Taming Sari
5926:Kris Setan Kober
5896:
5882:
5760:Sword of Victory
5750:Sword of Goujian
5735:Preah Khan Reach
5725:
5704:
5697:
5690:
5681:
5668:Wikisource texts
5665:
5653:
5652:
5637:Walter of Oxford
5375:Rud Hud Hudibras
5350:Redon of Britain
5110:Julius and Aaron
5055:Helena (empress)
5030:Gurguit Barbtruc
4655:Aurelius Conanus
4478:
4471:
4464:
4455:
4355:Cantre'r Gwaelod
3964:Gwyddno Garanhir
3644:Geraint and Enid
3559:
3536:Celtic mythology
3529:
3522:
3515:
3506:
3492:
3491:
3490:
3480:
3479:
3478:
3470:Wales portal
3468:
3467:
3466:
3329:Esplumoir Merlin
3135:Nine sorceresses
3115:Mark of Cornwall
3000:Elaine of Benoic
2912:Other characters
2797:Bors the Younger
2692:Elaine of Garlot
2640:
2633:
2626:
2617:
2577:
2568:
2556:
2547:
2538:
2529:
2508:
2496:
2485:
2470:
2458:
2403:
2397:
2391:
2390:
2370:
2364:
2363:
2343:
2337:
2331:
2325:
2324:
2304:
2298:
2291:
2285:
2277:
2271:
2261:
2255:
2248:
2242:
2235:
2229:
2226:
2220:
2219:
2199:
2193:
2192:
2190:
2189:
2184:. The Heroic Age
2178:
2172:
2171:
2151:
2145:
2144:
2124:
2118:
2117:
2097:
2091:
2084:
2078:
2071:
2065:
2060:Roach, William.
2058:
2052:
2045:
2039:
2028:
2022:
2016:
2010:
2000:
1994:
1984:
1978:
1972:
1966:
1959:
1953:
1952:
1932:
1926:
1925:
1885:
1879:
1878:
1859:
1853:
1846:
1840:
1837:
1831:
1830:
1810:
1804:
1797:
1791:
1790:
1770:
1764:
1736:
1730:
1726:
1718:
1710:
1702:
1694:
1677:
1673:Le roman de Brut
1664:
1658:
1657:
1629:
1618:
1603:
1597:
1592:
1580:
1574:
1571:
1565:
1564:
1553:
1547:
1536:
1530:
1523:
1517:
1511:
1505:
1499:
1490:
1483:
1477:
1471:
1465:
1459:
1428:
1395:
1389:
1372:
1366:
1363:
1357:
1354:
1348:
1345:
1208:out of the tree
1200:, whose father,
1178:Fergus mac Róich
1088:Tirant lo Blanch
1041:his final battle
1000:
993:
989:
983:
977:
967:
961:
945:
829:Lady of the Lake
815:variants of the
712:or true heir of
672:
660:Our Island Story
650:
596:
590:
584:
578:
572:
566:
560:
552:
546:
538:
530:
522:
516:
510:
504:
496:
495: 1150–1155
493:
489:
477:
467:
451:
445:
436:
426:
420:
407:
401:
398:
395:
391:
390:
385:
379:
370:
364:
352:
349:
341:
326:
320:
314:
302:
296:
286:
274:
268:
265:
255:
252:
249:
245:
239:
236:
233:
229:
219:
208:
197:
172:Lady of the Lake
168:Arthur's lineage
102:Lady of the Lake
60:
37:
21:
6200:
6199:
6195:
6194:
6193:
6191:
6190:
6189:
6180:Welsh mythology
6140:
6139:
6138:
6133:
6122:
6108:Sword of Attila
5965:
5890:
5883:
5870:
5861:Ulfberht swords
5806:Grunwald Swords
5769:
5714:
5708:
5678:
5673:
5641:
5521:Battle of Badon
5499:
5445:Uther Pendragon
5305:Penda of Mercia
5295:Owain mab Urien
5195:Maelgwn Gwynedd
5185:Lud son of Heli
5180:Lucius Tiberius
5160:Leir of Britain
5105:Jago of Britain
5050:Queen Gwendolen
4975:Goffar the Pict
4750:Capetus Silvius
4573:
4524:
4487:
4482:
4452:
4447:
4410:
4323:
4294:Llamhigyn y Dŵr
4202:Adar Llwch Gwin
4194:
4188:
3874:Dywel fab Erbin
3809:Caradog ap Bran
3728:
3670:
3623:Preiddeu Annwfn
3601:
3555:Texts and tales
3550:
3547:Welsh mythology
3539:
3533:
3503:
3498:
3488:
3486:
3476:
3474:
3464:
3462:
3454:
3420:Dolorous Stroke
3410:Battle of Badon
3398:
3370:
3364:Tintagel Castle
3319:Chapel perilous
3297:Val sans retour
3285:Glastonbury Tor
3261:
3220:
3184:
3035:Green Knight(s)
2960:Black Knight(s)
2945:Balin and Balan
2906:
2778:
2771:
2757:Uther Pendragon
2653:
2644:
2607:
2585:
2583:Further reading
2580:
2576:. Geneva: Droz.
2571:
2559:
2550:
2541:
2537:. London: Dent.
2532:
2526:
2511:
2505:
2488:
2473:
2467:
2450:
2421:Vinaver, Eugène
2412:
2407:
2406:
2398:
2394:
2387:
2372:
2371:
2367:
2360:
2345:
2344:
2340:
2332:
2328:
2321:
2306:
2305:
2301:
2292:
2288:
2278:
2274:
2262:
2258:
2249:
2245:
2236:
2232:
2227:
2223:
2216:
2201:
2200:
2196:
2187:
2185:
2180:
2179:
2175:
2168:
2153:
2152:
2148:
2141:
2126:
2125:
2121:
2114:
2099:
2098:
2094:
2085:
2081:
2072:
2068:
2059:
2055:
2046:
2042:
2029:
2025:
2017:
2013:
2001:
1997:
1985:
1981:
1973:
1969:
1960:
1956:
1949:
1934:
1933:
1929:
1887:
1886:
1882:
1875:
1861:
1860:
1856:
1847:
1843:
1838:
1834:
1827:
1812:
1811:
1807:
1798:
1794:
1772:
1771:
1767:
1737:
1733:
1687:
1666:
1665:
1661:
1632:
1630:
1621:
1604:
1600:
1582:
1581:
1577:
1572:
1568:
1556:
1554:
1550:
1537:
1533:
1524:
1520:
1512:
1508:
1500:
1493:
1484:
1480:
1472:
1468:
1460:
1447:
1442:
1437:
1432:
1431:
1396:
1392:
1384:as well as its
1373:
1369:
1364:
1360:
1355:
1351:
1346:
1342:
1337:
1325:
1297:
1226:
1162:Welsh mythology
1106:
1104:Similar weapons
1101:
998:
991:
959:
861:
845:Salisbury Plain
758:Slaughterbridge
714:Uther Pendragon
692:
691:
690:
689:
688:
673:
665:
664:
651:
640:
635:
494:
454:Geoffrey Gaimar
399:
396:
393:
373:Classical Latin
350:
305:Rachel Bromwich
297:from the Irish
289:Irish mythology
266:
253:
250:
247:
237:
234:
231:
181:
84:Legendary sword
70:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
6198:
6196:
6188:
6187:
6182:
6177:
6172:
6167:
6162:
6157:
6152:
6142:
6141:
6135:
6134:
6131:
6128:
6127:
6124:
6123:
6121:
6120:
6115:
6110:
6105:
6103:Sword of Freyr
6100:
6095:
6090:
6085:
6080:
6075:
6070:
6065:
6060:
6055:
6050:
6045:
6040:
6035:
6030:
6025:
6020:
6014:
6009:
6004:
5999:
5994:
5992:Claíomh Solais
5989:
5984:
5979:
5973:
5971:
5967:
5966:
5964:
5963:
5958:
5953:
5948:
5943:
5938:
5933:
5928:
5923:
5918:
5913:
5908:
5902:
5900:
5893:
5885:
5884:
5877:
5875:
5872:
5871:
5869:
5868:
5863:
5858:
5853:
5848:
5843:
5838:
5833:
5831:Sword of Peter
5828:
5826:Sword of Islam
5823:
5818:
5813:
5808:
5803:
5798:
5793:
5788:
5786:Blessed swords
5783:
5777:
5775:
5771:
5770:
5768:
5767:
5762:
5757:
5755:Sword of Osman
5752:
5747:
5742:
5737:
5731:
5729:
5722:
5716:
5715:
5709:
5707:
5706:
5699:
5692:
5684:
5675:
5674:
5672:
5671:
5659:
5646:
5643:
5642:
5640:
5639:
5634:
5627:
5622:
5617:
5612:
5607:
5602:
5597:
5592:
5587:
5582:
5580:Molmutine Laws
5577:
5572:
5567:
5562:
5557:
5552:
5545:
5540:
5533:
5528:
5523:
5518:
5513:
5507:
5505:
5501:
5500:
5498:
5497:
5492:
5487:
5482:
5477:
5472:
5467:
5462:
5457:
5452:
5447:
5442:
5437:
5432:
5427:
5422:
5417:
5412:
5407:
5402:
5397:
5392:
5387:
5385:Sawyl Penuchel
5382:
5377:
5372:
5367:
5362:
5360:Rhydderch Hael
5357:
5352:
5347:
5342:
5337:
5332:
5327:
5322:
5317:
5312:
5307:
5302:
5297:
5292:
5287:
5282:
5277:
5272:
5267:
5262:
5257:
5252:
5247:
5242:
5237:
5232:
5227:
5222:
5217:
5212:
5207:
5202:
5200:Magnus Maximus
5197:
5192:
5187:
5182:
5177:
5172:
5167:
5162:
5157:
5152:
5147:
5142:
5137:
5132:
5127:
5122:
5117:
5112:
5107:
5102:
5097:
5092:
5087:
5082:
5077:
5075:Humber the Hun
5072:
5067:
5062:
5057:
5052:
5047:
5042:
5037:
5032:
5027:
5022:
5017:
5012:
5007:
5002:
4997:
4992:
4987:
4982:
4977:
4972:
4967:
4962:
4957:
4952:
4947:
4942:
4937:
4932:
4927:
4922:
4917:
4912:
4907:
4902:
4897:
4892:
4887:
4882:
4877:
4872:
4867:
4862:
4857:
4852:
4847:
4842:
4837:
4832:
4827:
4822:
4820:Conan Meriadoc
4817:
4812:
4807:
4802:
4797:
4792:
4787:
4782:
4777:
4775:Cassivellaunus
4772:
4767:
4762:
4757:
4752:
4747:
4745:Cap of Britain
4742:
4737:
4732:
4727:
4722:
4717:
4715:Cadfan ap Iago
4712:
4707:
4705:Brutus of Troy
4702:
4697:
4692:
4687:
4682:
4677:
4672:
4667:
4662:
4657:
4652:
4647:
4642:
4637:
4632:
4627:
4622:
4617:
4612:
4607:
4602:
4597:
4592:
4587:
4581:
4579:
4575:
4574:
4572:
4571:
4564:
4557:
4550:
4542:
4534:
4532:
4526:
4525:
4523:
4522:
4514:
4506:
4497:
4495:
4489:
4488:
4483:
4481:
4480:
4473:
4466:
4458:
4449:
4448:
4446:
4445:
4440:
4435:
4430:
4424:
4422:Cross of Neith
4418:
4416:
4412:
4411:
4409:
4408:
4398:
4393:
4371:
4357:
4352:
4347:
4337:
4331:
4329:
4325:
4324:
4322:
4321:
4316:
4311:
4306:
4301:
4296:
4291:
4286:
4281:
4279:Gwragedd Annwn
4276:
4275:
4274:
4269:
4259:
4254:
4249:
4244:
4239:
4234:
4229:
4224:
4219:
4214:
4212:Aderyn y Corff
4209:
4204:
4198:
4196:
4190:
4189:
4187:
4186:
4181:
4176:
4171:
4166:
4161:
4156:
4151:
4146:
4141:
4136:
4131:
4126:
4121:
4116:
4111:
4106:
4101:
4096:
4091:
4086:
4081:
4076:
4071:
4066:
4061:
4056:
4054:Madoc ap Uthyr
4051:
4046:
4041:
4036:
4031:
4026:
4021:
4016:
4014:Iddog ap Mynio
4011:
4006:
4001:
3996:
3991:
3986:
3981:
3976:
3971:
3966:
3961:
3956:
3951:
3946:
3941:
3936:
3931:
3926:
3921:
3916:
3911:
3906:
3901:
3896:
3891:
3886:
3881:
3876:
3871:
3866:
3861:
3856:
3851:
3846:
3841:
3836:
3831:
3826:
3821:
3816:
3811:
3806:
3801:
3796:
3791:
3786:
3781:
3776:
3771:
3766:
3761:
3756:
3751:
3746:
3740:
3738:
3734:
3733:
3730:
3729:
3727:
3726:
3719:
3714:
3707:
3700:
3693:
3686:
3678:
3676:
3672:
3671:
3669:
3668:
3661:
3654:
3647:
3640:
3633:
3626:
3619:
3611:
3609:
3603:
3602:
3600:
3599:
3592:
3585:
3578:
3570:
3568:
3556:
3552:
3551:
3544:
3541:
3540:
3534:
3532:
3531:
3524:
3517:
3509:
3500:
3499:
3497:
3496:
3484:
3472:
3459:
3456:
3455:
3453:
3452:
3447:
3442:
3437:
3432:
3427:
3422:
3417:
3412:
3406:
3404:
3400:
3399:
3397:
3396:
3395:
3394:
3384:
3378:
3376:
3372:
3371:
3369:
3368:
3367:
3366:
3356:
3351:
3346:
3341:
3336:
3331:
3326:
3321:
3316:
3311:
3306:
3301:
3300:
3299:
3289:
3288:
3287:
3277:
3271:
3269:
3263:
3262:
3260:
3259:
3257:Siege Perilous
3254:
3249:
3244:
3239:
3234:
3228:
3226:
3222:
3221:
3219:
3218:
3213:
3211:Questing Beast
3208:
3203:
3198:
3192:
3190:
3186:
3185:
3183:
3182:
3177:
3172:
3167:
3162:
3157:
3152:
3147:
3142:
3137:
3132:
3127:
3122:
3117:
3112:
3107:
3102:
3097:
3092:
3087:
3082:
3077:
3072:
3067:
3062:
3057:
3052:
3047:
3042:
3037:
3032:
3027:
3022:
3020:Fisher King(s)
3017:
3012:
3007:
3002:
2997:
2992:
2987:
2982:
2977:
2972:
2970:Bors the Elder
2967:
2962:
2957:
2952:
2947:
2942:
2937:
2932:
2927:
2922:
2916:
2914:
2908:
2907:
2905:
2904:
2899:
2894:
2889:
2884:
2879:
2874:
2869:
2864:
2859:
2854:
2849:
2844:
2839:
2834:
2829:
2824:
2819:
2814:
2809:
2804:
2799:
2794:
2789:
2783:
2781:
2777:Knights of the
2773:
2772:
2770:
2769:
2764:
2759:
2754:
2749:
2744:
2739:
2734:
2729:
2724:
2719:
2714:
2709:
2704:
2699:
2694:
2689:
2684:
2679:
2674:
2669:
2663:
2661:
2655:
2654:
2645:
2643:
2642:
2635:
2628:
2620:
2614:
2613:
2606:
2605:External links
2603:
2602:
2601:
2584:
2581:
2579:
2578:
2569:
2561:Malory, Thomas
2557:
2548:
2539:
2535:The Mabinogion
2530:
2524:
2509:
2503:
2493:The Mabinogion
2486:
2471:
2465:
2448:
2413:
2411:
2408:
2405:
2404:
2392:
2385:
2365:
2358:
2338:
2336:, p. 136.
2326:
2319:
2299:
2286:
2272:
2256:
2243:
2230:
2221:
2214:
2194:
2173:
2166:
2146:
2139:
2119:
2112:
2103:Lancelot-Grail
2092:
2079:
2073:Loomis, R. S.
2066:
2053:
2040:
2023:
2021:, p. 184.
2011:
1995:
1979:
1967:
1954:
1947:
1927:
1880:
1873:
1854:
1841:
1832:
1825:
1805:
1792:
1765:
1763:
1762:
1759:
1756:
1753:
1731:
1729:
1728:
1720:
1712:
1704:
1696:
1659:
1619:
1598:
1575:
1566:
1548:
1544:Caxton Society
1531:
1518:
1514:MacKillop 1998
1506:
1504:, p. 271.
1491:
1478:
1476:, p. 156.
1466:
1444:
1443:
1441:
1438:
1436:
1433:
1430:
1429:
1390:
1367:
1358:
1349:
1339:
1338:
1336:
1333:
1332:
1331:
1324:
1321:
1296:
1293:
1225:
1222:
1194:Claíomh Solais
1170:Rhydderch Hael
1114:Arthur Rackham
1105:
1102:
1100:
1097:
1093:Constantinople
948:Estoire Merlin
860:
857:
774:Lancelot-Grail
674:
667:
666:
652:
645:
644:
643:
642:
641:
639:
636:
634:
631:
415:text in which
220:), which is a
211:Middle Cornish
180:
177:
152:mythical sword
143:
142:
137:
133:
132:
125:
121:
120:
91:
87:
86:
81:
77:
76:
72:
71:
61:
53:
52:
42:
41:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6197:
6186:
6183:
6181:
6178:
6176:
6173:
6171:
6168:
6166:
6163:
6161:
6158:
6156:
6153:
6151:
6148:
6147:
6145:
6129:
6119:
6116:
6114:
6111:
6109:
6106:
6104:
6101:
6099:
6096:
6094:
6091:
6089:
6086:
6084:
6081:
6079:
6076:
6074:
6071:
6069:
6066:
6064:
6061:
6059:
6056:
6054:
6051:
6049:
6046:
6044:
6041:
6039:
6036:
6034:
6031:
6029:
6026:
6024:
6021:
6018:
6015:
6013:
6010:
6008:
6005:
6003:
6000:
5998:
5995:
5993:
5990:
5988:
5985:
5983:
5980:
5978:
5975:
5974:
5972:
5968:
5962:
5959:
5957:
5954:
5952:
5949:
5947:
5944:
5942:
5939:
5937:
5934:
5932:
5929:
5927:
5924:
5922:
5919:
5917:
5914:
5912:
5909:
5907:
5904:
5903:
5901:
5897:
5894:
5892:
5886:
5881:
5867:
5866:Wallace Sword
5864:
5862:
5859:
5857:
5854:
5852:
5849:
5847:
5844:
5842:
5839:
5837:
5834:
5832:
5829:
5827:
5824:
5822:
5819:
5817:
5814:
5812:
5809:
5807:
5804:
5802:
5799:
5797:
5794:
5792:
5789:
5787:
5784:
5782:
5779:
5778:
5776:
5772:
5766:
5763:
5761:
5758:
5756:
5753:
5751:
5748:
5746:
5743:
5741:
5738:
5736:
5733:
5732:
5730:
5726:
5723:
5721:
5717:
5713:
5705:
5700:
5698:
5693:
5691:
5686:
5685:
5682:
5670:
5669:
5664:
5660:
5658:
5657:
5648:
5647:
5644:
5638:
5635:
5633:
5632:
5628:
5626:
5623:
5621:
5618:
5616:
5613:
5611:
5608:
5606:
5603:
5601:
5598:
5596:
5593:
5591:
5588:
5586:
5583:
5581:
5578:
5576:
5573:
5571:
5568:
5566:
5563:
5561:
5558:
5556:
5553:
5551:
5550:
5546:
5544:
5541:
5539:
5538:
5534:
5532:
5529:
5527:
5524:
5522:
5519:
5517:
5514:
5512:
5509:
5508:
5506:
5502:
5496:
5493:
5491:
5488:
5486:
5483:
5481:
5478:
5476:
5473:
5471:
5468:
5466:
5463:
5461:
5458:
5456:
5453:
5451:
5448:
5446:
5443:
5441:
5438:
5436:
5433:
5431:
5428:
5426:
5423:
5421:
5418:
5416:
5413:
5411:
5410:Sisillius III
5408:
5406:
5403:
5401:
5398:
5396:
5393:
5391:
5388:
5386:
5383:
5381:
5378:
5376:
5373:
5371:
5368:
5366:
5363:
5361:
5358:
5356:
5353:
5351:
5348:
5346:
5343:
5341:
5338:
5336:
5333:
5331:
5328:
5326:
5323:
5321:
5318:
5316:
5313:
5311:
5308:
5306:
5303:
5301:
5298:
5296:
5293:
5291:
5288:
5286:
5283:
5281:
5278:
5276:
5273:
5271:
5268:
5266:
5265:Myrddin Wyllt
5263:
5261:
5258:
5256:
5253:
5251:
5248:
5246:
5243:
5241:
5238:
5236:
5233:
5231:
5228:
5226:
5223:
5221:
5218:
5216:
5213:
5211:
5208:
5206:
5203:
5201:
5198:
5196:
5193:
5191:
5188:
5186:
5183:
5181:
5178:
5176:
5173:
5171:
5168:
5166:
5163:
5161:
5158:
5156:
5153:
5151:
5148:
5146:
5143:
5141:
5138:
5136:
5133:
5131:
5128:
5126:
5123:
5121:
5120:Julius Caesar
5118:
5116:
5113:
5111:
5108:
5106:
5103:
5101:
5098:
5096:
5093:
5091:
5088:
5086:
5083:
5081:
5078:
5076:
5073:
5071:
5068:
5066:
5063:
5061:
5058:
5056:
5053:
5051:
5048:
5046:
5043:
5041:
5038:
5036:
5033:
5031:
5028:
5026:
5023:
5021:
5018:
5016:
5013:
5011:
5008:
5006:
5003:
5001:
4998:
4996:
4993:
4991:
4988:
4986:
4983:
4981:
4978:
4976:
4973:
4971:
4968:
4966:
4963:
4961:
4958:
4956:
4953:
4951:
4948:
4946:
4943:
4941:
4938:
4936:
4933:
4931:
4928:
4926:
4923:
4921:
4918:
4916:
4913:
4911:
4910:Edern ap Nudd
4908:
4906:
4903:
4901:
4898:
4896:
4893:
4891:
4888:
4886:
4883:
4881:
4878:
4876:
4873:
4871:
4868:
4866:
4863:
4861:
4858:
4856:
4853:
4851:
4848:
4846:
4843:
4841:
4838:
4836:
4833:
4831:
4828:
4826:
4823:
4821:
4818:
4816:
4813:
4811:
4808:
4806:
4803:
4801:
4798:
4796:
4793:
4791:
4788:
4786:
4783:
4781:
4778:
4776:
4773:
4771:
4768:
4766:
4763:
4761:
4758:
4756:
4753:
4751:
4748:
4746:
4743:
4741:
4738:
4736:
4733:
4731:
4728:
4726:
4723:
4721:
4718:
4716:
4713:
4711:
4708:
4706:
4703:
4701:
4698:
4696:
4693:
4691:
4688:
4686:
4683:
4681:
4678:
4676:
4673:
4671:
4668:
4666:
4663:
4661:
4658:
4656:
4653:
4651:
4648:
4646:
4643:
4641:
4638:
4636:
4633:
4631:
4628:
4626:
4623:
4621:
4618:
4616:
4613:
4611:
4608:
4606:
4603:
4601:
4598:
4596:
4593:
4591:
4588:
4586:
4583:
4582:
4580:
4576:
4570:
4569:
4565:
4563:
4562:
4558:
4556:
4555:
4551:
4549:
4548:
4543:
4541:
4540:
4539:Roman de Brut
4536:
4535:
4533:
4531:
4527:
4520:
4519:
4515:
4512:
4511:
4507:
4504:
4503:
4499:
4498:
4496:
4494:
4490:
4486:
4479:
4474:
4472:
4467:
4465:
4460:
4459:
4456:
4444:
4441:
4439:
4436:
4434:
4431:
4428:
4425:
4423:
4420:
4419:
4417:
4413:
4406:
4402:
4399:
4397:
4394:
4391:
4387:
4383:
4379:
4375:
4372:
4369:
4365:
4361:
4358:
4356:
4353:
4351:
4348:
4345:
4341:
4338:
4336:
4333:
4332:
4330:
4326:
4320:
4317:
4315:
4312:
4310:
4307:
4305:
4304:Plentyn Newid
4302:
4300:
4297:
4295:
4292:
4290:
4287:
4285:
4282:
4280:
4277:
4273:
4270:
4268:
4265:
4264:
4263:
4260:
4258:
4255:
4253:
4250:
4248:
4245:
4243:
4240:
4238:
4235:
4233:
4230:
4228:
4225:
4223:
4220:
4218:
4215:
4213:
4210:
4208:
4207:Adar Rhiannon
4205:
4203:
4200:
4199:
4197:
4191:
4185:
4182:
4180:
4177:
4175:
4172:
4170:
4167:
4165:
4162:
4160:
4157:
4155:
4152:
4150:
4147:
4145:
4142:
4140:
4137:
4135:
4132:
4130:
4127:
4125:
4122:
4120:
4117:
4115:
4112:
4110:
4107:
4105:
4102:
4100:
4097:
4095:
4092:
4090:
4087:
4085:
4082:
4080:
4077:
4075:
4072:
4070:
4067:
4065:
4062:
4060:
4059:Macsen Wledig
4057:
4055:
4052:
4050:
4047:
4045:
4042:
4040:
4037:
4035:
4032:
4030:
4027:
4025:
4022:
4020:
4017:
4015:
4012:
4010:
4007:
4005:
4002:
4000:
3999:Hueil mab Caw
3997:
3995:
3992:
3990:
3987:
3985:
3982:
3980:
3977:
3975:
3972:
3970:
3967:
3965:
3962:
3960:
3957:
3955:
3952:
3950:
3947:
3945:
3942:
3940:
3937:
3935:
3932:
3930:
3927:
3925:
3922:
3920:
3917:
3915:
3912:
3910:
3907:
3905:
3902:
3900:
3897:
3895:
3892:
3890:
3887:
3885:
3882:
3880:
3879:Edern ap Nudd
3877:
3875:
3872:
3870:
3869:Dylan ail Don
3867:
3865:
3862:
3860:
3857:
3855:
3852:
3850:
3847:
3845:
3842:
3840:
3837:
3835:
3832:
3830:
3827:
3825:
3822:
3820:
3817:
3815:
3812:
3810:
3807:
3805:
3802:
3800:
3797:
3795:
3794:Bendigeidfran
3792:
3790:
3787:
3785:
3782:
3780:
3777:
3775:
3772:
3770:
3767:
3765:
3762:
3760:
3757:
3755:
3752:
3750:
3747:
3745:
3742:
3741:
3739:
3735:
3725:
3724:
3720:
3718:
3715:
3713:
3712:
3708:
3706:
3705:
3701:
3699:
3698:
3694:
3692:
3691:
3687:
3685:
3684:
3680:
3679:
3677:
3673:
3667:
3666:
3662:
3660:
3659:
3655:
3653:
3652:
3648:
3646:
3645:
3641:
3639:
3638:
3634:
3632:
3631:
3627:
3625:
3624:
3620:
3618:
3617:
3613:
3612:
3610:
3608:
3604:
3598:
3597:
3593:
3591:
3590:
3586:
3584:
3583:
3579:
3577:
3576:
3572:
3571:
3569:
3567:
3566:
3560:
3557:
3553:
3549:
3548:
3542:
3537:
3530:
3525:
3523:
3518:
3516:
3511:
3510:
3507:
3495:
3485:
3483:
3473:
3471:
3461:
3460:
3457:
3451:
3448:
3446:
3443:
3441:
3438:
3436:
3433:
3431:
3428:
3426:
3423:
3421:
3418:
3416:
3413:
3411:
3408:
3407:
3405:
3401:
3393:
3390:
3389:
3388:
3387:List of works
3385:
3383:
3380:
3379:
3377:
3373:
3365:
3362:
3361:
3360:
3357:
3355:
3352:
3350:
3347:
3345:
3342:
3340:
3337:
3335:
3332:
3330:
3327:
3325:
3322:
3320:
3317:
3315:
3312:
3310:
3307:
3305:
3302:
3298:
3295:
3294:
3293:
3290:
3286:
3283:
3282:
3281:
3278:
3276:
3273:
3272:
3270:
3268:
3264:
3258:
3255:
3253:
3250:
3248:
3245:
3243:
3240:
3238:
3235:
3233:
3230:
3229:
3227:
3223:
3217:
3214:
3212:
3209:
3207:
3204:
3202:
3199:
3197:
3194:
3193:
3191:
3187:
3181:
3178:
3176:
3173:
3171:
3170:Tegau Eurfron
3168:
3166:
3163:
3161:
3158:
3156:
3153:
3151:
3150:Red Knight(s)
3148:
3146:
3143:
3141:
3138:
3136:
3133:
3131:
3128:
3126:
3123:
3121:
3118:
3116:
3113:
3111:
3108:
3106:
3103:
3101:
3098:
3096:
3093:
3091:
3088:
3086:
3083:
3081:
3078:
3076:
3073:
3071:
3068:
3066:
3063:
3061:
3058:
3056:
3053:
3051:
3048:
3046:
3043:
3041:
3038:
3036:
3033:
3031:
3028:
3026:
3023:
3021:
3018:
3016:
3013:
3011:
3008:
3006:
3003:
3001:
2998:
2996:
2993:
2991:
2988:
2986:
2983:
2981:
2978:
2976:
2973:
2971:
2968:
2966:
2963:
2961:
2958:
2956:
2955:Lady Bertilak
2953:
2951:
2948:
2946:
2943:
2941:
2938:
2936:
2933:
2931:
2928:
2926:
2923:
2921:
2918:
2917:
2915:
2913:
2909:
2903:
2900:
2898:
2895:
2893:
2890:
2888:
2885:
2883:
2880:
2878:
2875:
2873:
2870:
2868:
2865:
2863:
2860:
2858:
2855:
2853:
2850:
2848:
2845:
2843:
2840:
2838:
2835:
2833:
2830:
2828:
2825:
2823:
2820:
2818:
2815:
2813:
2810:
2808:
2805:
2803:
2800:
2798:
2795:
2793:
2790:
2788:
2785:
2784:
2782:
2780:
2774:
2768:
2765:
2763:
2760:
2758:
2755:
2753:
2750:
2748:
2745:
2743:
2742:Morgan le Fay
2740:
2738:
2735:
2733:
2730:
2728:
2725:
2723:
2720:
2718:
2715:
2713:
2710:
2708:
2705:
2703:
2700:
2698:
2695:
2693:
2690:
2688:
2685:
2683:
2680:
2678:
2675:
2673:
2670:
2668:
2665:
2664:
2662:
2660:
2656:
2652:
2648:
2641:
2636:
2634:
2629:
2627:
2622:
2621:
2618:
2612:
2609:
2608:
2604:
2599:
2598:0-8153-2303-4
2595:
2591:
2587:
2586:
2582:
2575:
2570:
2566:
2562:
2558:
2554:
2549:
2545:
2540:
2536:
2531:
2527:
2521:
2517:
2516:
2510:
2506:
2504:0-14-044322-3
2500:
2495:
2494:
2487:
2483:
2479:
2478:
2472:
2468:
2466:9780708311271
2462:
2457:
2456:
2449:
2446:
2445:0-19-812346-9
2442:
2438:
2437:0-19-812345-0
2434:
2430:
2429:0-19-812344-2
2426:
2422:
2418:
2415:
2414:
2409:
2401:
2396:
2393:
2388:
2386:9780851157450
2382:
2378:
2377:
2369:
2366:
2361:
2359:9781843833406
2355:
2351:
2350:
2342:
2339:
2335:
2330:
2327:
2322:
2320:9781476639208
2316:
2313:. McFarland.
2312:
2311:
2303:
2300:
2296:
2290:
2287:
2283:
2282:
2276:
2273:
2269:
2265:
2260:
2257:
2253:
2247:
2244:
2240:
2234:
2231:
2225:
2222:
2217:
2215:9781783162437
2211:
2207:
2206:
2198:
2195:
2183:
2177:
2174:
2169:
2167:9781580444163
2163:
2159:
2158:
2150:
2147:
2142:
2140:9780892819706
2136:
2132:
2131:
2123:
2120:
2115:
2113:9781843842385
2109:
2105:
2104:
2096:
2093:
2089:
2083:
2080:
2076:
2070:
2067:
2063:
2057:
2054:
2050:
2044:
2041:
2037:
2033:
2027:
2024:
2020:
2015:
2012:
2008:
2004:
1999:
1996:
1992:
1988:
1983:
1980:
1976:
1971:
1968:
1964:
1958:
1955:
1950:
1948:9781591437581
1944:
1940:
1939:
1931:
1928:
1923:
1919:
1915:
1911:
1907:
1903:
1899:
1895:
1891:
1884:
1881:
1876:
1870:
1866:
1865:
1858:
1855:
1851:
1845:
1842:
1836:
1833:
1828:
1826:9781399084031
1822:
1818:
1817:
1809:
1806:
1802:
1796:
1793:
1788:
1784:
1780:
1776:
1769:
1766:
1760:
1757:
1754:
1751:
1750:
1748:
1746:
1740:
1735:
1732:
1725:
1721:
1717:
1713:
1709:
1705:
1701:
1697:
1693:
1689:
1688:
1685:
1681:
1675:
1674:
1669:
1663:
1660:
1655:
1651:
1647:
1643:
1639:
1635:
1628:
1626:
1624:
1620:
1616:
1612:
1608:
1602:
1599:
1596:
1590:
1586:
1579:
1576:
1570:
1567:
1562:
1561:
1552:
1549:
1545:
1541:
1535:
1532:
1528:
1522:
1519:
1515:
1510:
1507:
1503:
1498:
1496:
1492:
1488:
1482:
1479:
1475:
1470:
1467:
1463:
1458:
1456:
1454:
1452:
1450:
1446:
1439:
1434:
1427:
1425:
1422:-lights, and
1421:
1417:
1410:
1409:
1404:
1400:
1394:
1391:
1387:
1383:
1379:
1378:
1371:
1368:
1362:
1359:
1353:
1350:
1344:
1341:
1334:
1330:
1327:
1326:
1322:
1320:
1318:
1314:
1310:
1306:
1302:
1294:
1292:
1290:
1286:
1282:
1278:
1274:
1270:
1266:
1262:
1257:
1255:
1251:
1247:
1243:
1239:
1235:
1231:
1230:Morte Arthure
1221:
1219:
1218:Saint Galgano
1215:
1211:
1207:
1203:
1199:
1195:
1191:
1187:
1183:
1179:
1175:
1171:
1167:
1163:
1158:
1156:
1152:
1151:
1147:
1143:
1139:
1135:
1131:
1123:
1119:
1115:
1110:
1103:
1098:
1096:
1094:
1090:
1089:
1084:
1080:
1076:
1072:
1068:
1067:
1066:Morte Arthure
1064:Alliterative
1061:
1057:
1053:
1048:
1046:
1042:
1038:
1034:
1033:Morgan le Fay
1029:
1025:
1017:
1016:
1011:
1006:
1002:
997:
988:
982:
976:
971:
966:
957:
953:
950:, or Vulgate
949:
944:
939:
935:
934:
929:
924:
921:
917:
913:
909:
905:
901:
896:
894:
890:
886:
885:
880:
879:
874:
870:
866:
858:
856:
854:
850:
846:
843:(or actually
842:
838:
834:
830:
826:
822:
818:
814:
809:
807:
806:
801:
797:
793:
788:
784:
780:
779:Vulgate Cycle
776:
775:
770:
763:
759:
755:
751:
747:
745:
741:
737:
733:
729:
725:
724:
719:
718:Thomas Malory
715:
711:
707:
703:
702:
697:
686:
682:
681:Henry Gilbert
678:
671:
662:
661:
656:
649:
637:
632:
630:
628:
624:
620:
616:
612:
608:
604:
600:
595:
589:
583:
577:
571:
565:
559:
558:
551:
545:
544:
537:
536:
529:
528:
521:
515:
509:
503:
502:
488:
487:
486:Roman de Brut
481:
476:
471:
466:
465:
459:
455:
450:
444:
440:
435:
430:
425:
419:
414:
411:
406:
384:
378:
374:
369:
363:
362:
356:
345:
340:
339:
332:
330:
329:pan-Brittonic
325:
319:
313:
312:
306:
301:
295:
290:
285:
284:
278:
273:
261:
260:
251:breach, cleft
244:
228:
223:
218:
217:
212:
207:
206:
201:
196:
195:
190:
186:
178:
176:
173:
169:
165:
161:
157:
153:
149:
141:
138:
134:
130:
126:
122:
119:
115:
111:
107:
103:
99:
95:
92:
88:
85:
82:
78:
73:
68:
64:
59:
54:
50:
49:
43:
38:
33:
19:
6019:(Caledfwlch)
6016:
5667:
5655:
5629:
5600:River Malvam
5547:
5542:
5535:
5405:Sisillius II
5275:Octa of Kent
5210:Queen Marcia
5205:Mandubracius
5080:Iago ap Beli
4566:
4559:
4552:
4546:
4537:
4530:Translations
4518:Vita Merlini
4516:
4508:
4500:
4429:(Caledfwlch)
4426:
4314:Twrch Trwyth
4222:Brenin Llwyd
4149:Saint Cyllin
3974:Gwyn ap Nudd
3844:Cyledr Wyllt
3721:
3709:
3702:
3697:Welsh Triads
3695:
3688:
3681:
3663:
3656:
3649:
3642:
3635:
3628:
3621:
3614:
3594:
3587:
3580:
3573:
3564:
3545:
3425:Loathly lady
3382:Bibliography
3231:
3216:Twrch Trwyth
2965:Blanchefleur
2589:
2573:
2564:
2552:
2543:
2534:
2514:
2492:
2481:
2475:
2454:
2416:
2395:
2375:
2368:
2348:
2341:
2329:
2309:
2302:
2294:
2289:
2280:
2275:
2268:The Guardian
2267:
2259:
2251:
2246:
2238:
2233:
2224:
2204:
2197:
2186:. Retrieved
2176:
2157:Prose Merlin
2156:
2149:
2129:
2122:
2102:
2095:
2087:
2082:
2074:
2069:
2061:
2056:
2048:
2043:
2035:
2026:
2014:
1998:
1982:
1970:
1962:
1957:
1937:
1930:
1897:
1893:
1883:
1863:
1857:
1849:
1844:
1835:
1815:
1808:
1800:
1795:
1778:
1774:
1768:
1744:
1734:
1679:
1672:
1662:
1645:
1641:
1614:
1610:
1606:
1601:
1588:
1578:
1569:
1559:
1551:
1539:
1534:
1526:
1521:
1509:
1486:
1485:Koch, John.
1481:
1469:
1412:
1406:
1393:
1375:
1370:
1361:
1352:
1343:
1313:Anglo-Norman
1298:
1284:
1276:
1272:
1268:
1265:Rhongomyniad
1258:
1245:
1241:
1237:
1233:
1229:
1227:
1185:
1181:
1174:Welsh Triads
1159:
1154:
1148:
1127:
1121:
1086:
1082:
1078:
1070:
1065:
1055:
1054:. The Prose
1051:
1049:
1023:
1021:
1013:
995:
969:
951:
947:
932:
925:
919:
915:
911:
907:
899:
897:
882:
876:
868:
864:
862:
852:
848:
836:
820:
816:
810:
805:Scalacronica
803:
782:
772:
768:
766:
754:Dozmary Pool
721:
699:
693:
684:
677:Walter Crane
658:
626:
622:
618:
614:
610:
606:
602:
598:
556:
542:
534:
526:
500:
469:
439:Middle Welsh
360:
343:
333:
257:
215:
205:Kaledvoulc'h
204:
193:
184:
182:
147:
146:
129:divine right
62:
45:
6185:King Arthur
6073:Mistilteinn
5951:Thuận Thiên
5889:Mythical or
5765:Tenka-Goken
5620:Trinovantum
5470:Vortiporius
5425:Tasciovanus
5400:Sisillius I
5220:Marganus II
4995:Gorbonianus
4875:Saint David
4635:King Arthur
4590:Saint Alban
4568:Merlínússpá
4561:Breta sögur
4390:Caer Dathyl
4319:Tylwyth Teg
4193:Animals and
4154:Saint Eigen
4064:Mallt-y-Nos
3717:Giant tales
3334:Joyous Gard
3292:Brocéliande
3252:Round Table
3080:Leodegrance
3050:Gwenhwyfach
2779:Round Table
2677:Constantine
2647:King Arthur
2160:. ISD LLC.
2003:Malory 1997
1987:Malory 1997
1900:(3): 3–30.
1747:, pp. xvii–
1382:T. H. White
1287:, however,
1186:Togail Troi
1010:Howard Pyle
898:Geoffrey's
594:Escallibore
421:(Old Welsh
351: 1136
164:sovereignty
156:King Arthur
136:Affiliation
94:King Arthur
67:Howard Pyle
6144:Categories
6038:Hauteclere
5987:Carnwennan
5851:Szczerbiec
5720:Historical
5230:Mempricius
5035:Gurgustius
5025:Gurgintius
4885:Diocletian
4880:Digueillus
4865:Cunobeline
4860:Cunedagius
4665:Beldgabred
4640:Arvirargus
4615:Amphibalus
4595:Albanactus
4578:Characters
4545:Layamon's
4438:Llech Ronw
4232:Ceffyl Dŵr
4184:Ysbaddaden
4174:Tegid Foel
4124:Penpingion
3944:Gronw Pebr
3919:Gilfaethwy
3829:Creiddylad
3814:Caswallawn
3784:Blodeuwedd
3737:Characters
3690:Cad Goddeu
3237:Holy Grail
3206:Petitcrieu
2787:Bagdemagus
2188:2022-08-04
2019:Gantz 1987
2005:, p.
1989:, p.
1894:Arthuriana
1700:Callibourc
1634:Zimmer, H.
1474:Green 2007
1435:References
1261:Carnwennan
1254:King Rions
1210:Barnstokkr
1182:caladbuilc
1150:Perlesvaus
1146:Old French
1138:Holy Grail
1083:Esclariber
908:Caliburnus
884:Mabinogion
873:Llenlleawg
865:Caledfwlch
841:at Camlann
607:Calibourne
599:Calibourch
535:Callibourc
520:Calibuerne
508:Chaliburne
460:chronicle
458:Old French
405:Caliburnus
361:Caliburnus
324:Caledfwlch
311:Beunans Ke
294:Caledfwlch
194:Caledfwlch
6088:Précieuse
6063:Lævateinn
6058:Kladenets
6023:Fragarach
6017:Excalibur
6002:Dáinsleif
5982:Caladbolg
5891:legendary
5656:Wikiquote
5595:Riothamus
5543:Excalibur
5460:Vortigern
5455:Vespasian
5345:Redechius
5330:Porrex II
5315:Peredurus
5300:Pandrasus
5045:Gwenddydd
5020:Guithelin
5015:Guinevere
5010:Guiderius
4960:Fulgenius
4950:Eudaf Hen
4945:Estrildis
4940:Enniaunus
4800:Cledaucus
4770:Carausius
4765:Caradocus
4760:Caracalla
4730:Cadwaladr
4670:Beli Mawr
4625:Archgallo
4620:Andragius
4521:(c. 1150)
4513:(c. 1136)
4505:(c. 1135)
4427:Excalibur
4378:Aberffraw
4350:Caer Sidi
4328:Locations
4257:Cyhyraeth
4252:Cŵn Annwn
4247:Coraniaid
4195:creatures
4164:Seithenyn
4119:Penarddun
4079:Matholwch
4069:Manawydan
3984:Gwalchmei
3909:Euroswydd
3839:Cyhyraeth
3774:Beli Mawr
3759:Arianrhod
3607:Arthurian
3440:Pendragon
3232:Excalibur
3201:Gringolet
3175:Vortigern
3110:Maleagant
3085:Lohengrin
2980:Brunor(s)
2975:Brangaine
2897:Sagramore
2887:Pellinore
2877:Palamedes
2722:Guinevere
2717:Gingalain
2484:: 268–73.
1975:Lacy 1996
1922:162363447
1724:Chalabrun
1716:Escalibor
1502:Ford 1983
1440:Citations
1047:figure).
912:Excalibur
837:Mort Artu
825:Pellinore
783:Mort Artu
728:Londinium
627:Excalibur
623:Excalibor
619:Escalibur
615:Escaliber
603:Calibourn
588:Calliborc
582:Caliborne
564:Chalabrum
557:Escalibor
550:Chalabrun
514:Caliburne
456:, in his
413:Old Welsh
355:Latinised
300:Caladbolg
283:Caladbolg
185:Excalibur
183:The name
158:that may
148:Excalibur
40:Excalibur
6098:Skofnung
6078:Murgleys
6053:Hrunting
6007:Durendal
5961:Zulfiqar
5936:Kusanagi
5821:Legbiter
5710:Notable
5555:Lailoken
5465:Vortimer
5420:Taliesin
5325:Porrex I
5260:Morvidus
5255:Morgause
5235:Merianus
5215:Marganus
5170:King Lot
5165:Locrinus
5140:Kinarius
5135:Kimarcus
4990:Gorboduc
4970:Gerennus
4930:Elidurus
4900:Ebraucus
4890:Dionotus
4855:Corineus
4810:Coel Hen
4805:Clotenus
4795:Claudius
4785:Catigern
4780:Catellus
4695:Brennius
4660:Bedivere
4645:Ascanius
4630:Archmail
4605:Allectus
4344:Celliwig
4340:Cornwall
4289:Gwyllion
4262:Dreigiau
4169:Taliesin
4144:Rhiannon
4024:Llefelys
4004:Hychddwn
3934:Gofannon
3884:Efnysien
3819:Ceridwen
3779:Bleiddwn
3769:Afallach
3749:Amaethon
3683:Taliesin
3565:Mabinogi
3375:In media
3359:Tintagel
3349:Lyonesse
3324:Corbenic
3314:Celliwig
3304:Caerleon
3165:Taliesin
3120:Meliodas
3055:Hellawes
3015:Feirefiz
2985:Catigern
2925:Agrestes
2892:Percival
2857:Lancelot
2837:Galehaut
2792:Bedivere
2747:Morgause
2667:Agravain
2649:and the
2563:(1997).
1914:27870843
1787:20698018
1708:Calabrun
1692:Calabrum
1654:40612250
1636:(1890).
1595:v. 8735n
1403:Romantic
1323:See also
1277:Historia
1250:Hercules
1234:Lancelot
1142:Lancelot
1052:Lancelot
1028:scabbard
975:aciarium
933:Perceval
900:Historia
893:chimeras
819:and the
796:Bedivere
611:Caliburc
576:Callibor
570:Calibore
543:Calabrun
527:Calabrum
501:Caliburn
470:Caliburc
318:Calesvol
222:compound
216:Calesvol
124:Function
110:Bedivere
18:Caliburn
6118:Tyrfing
6083:Nægling
6012:Dyrnwyn
5997:Clarent
5970:Western
5941:Nandaka
5899:Eastern
5811:Joyeuse
5796:Curtana
5774:Western
5728:Eastern
5590:Pridwen
5585:Nennius
5450:Venissa
5440:Urianus
5430:Trahern
5370:Rivallo
5310:Peredur
5250:Mordred
5150:Lavinia
5145:Latinus
5130:Keredic
5125:Sir Kay
5100:Innogen
5090:Igraine
5085:Idvallo
5060:Helenus
5000:Gorlois
4985:Goneril
4690:Bledudo
4675:Belinus
4405:Ludgate
4396:Ireland
4386:Ardudwy
4374:Gwynedd
4364:Arberth
4299:Morgens
4284:Gwyllgi
4179:Teyrnon
4159:Sanddef
4134:Pryderi
4129:Peredur
4104:Myrddin
4099:Morfran
4094:Morfydd
3994:Hefeydd
3979:Gwythyr
3969:Gwydion
3914:Geraint
3899:Eliwlod
3864:Drudwas
3834:Culhwch
3799:Branwen
3309:Camelot
3275:Astolat
3247:Prydwen
3242:Pridwen
3225:Objects
3130:Nentres
3075:Laudine
3060:Hengist
3040:Guiomar
3030:Gorlois
2990:Claudas
2940:Annowre
2920:Accolon
2902:Tristan
2882:Pelleas
2872:Moriaen
2852:Lamorak
2847:Griflet
2842:Geraint
2832:Galahad
2827:Dinadan
2817:Dagonet
2812:Caradoc
2737:Mordred
2727:Igraine
2702:Gaheris
2682:Culhwch
2410:Sources
1648:: 236.
1424:jacinth
1416:diamond
1289:Prydwen
1285:Culhwch
1281:Pridwen
1273:Culhwch
1202:Sigmund
1134:Galahad
1130:Camelot
1075:Mordred
1037:Accolon
987:chalybs
787:Griflet
553:, and
478:"). In
429:lenited
383:chályps
377:chalybs
150:is the
114:Griflet
51:element
6093:Riðill
6068:Mimung
6048:Hrotti
5977:Almace
5856:Tizona
5816:Lobera
5791:Colada
5712:swords
5570:Logres
5511:Avalon
5504:Topics
5435:Turnus
5365:Rience
5245:Millus
5240:Merlin
5190:Maddan
4965:Gawain
4955:Ferrex
4905:Edadus
4870:Danius
4815:Coilus
4790:Cherin
4755:Capoir
4680:Bladud
4585:Aeneas
4401:London
4368:Gwales
4242:Coblyn
4109:Nisien
4089:Modron
4009:Hyddwn
3989:Hafgan
3959:Gwrhyr
3929:Goewin
3904:Eufydd
3789:Bedwyr
3764:Arthur
3630:Pa gur
3538:series
3403:Topics
3392:comics
3354:Sarras
3344:Logres
3280:Avalon
3267:Places
3196:Cavall
3160:Sebile
3155:Rience
3125:Merlin
3100:Lunete
3095:Lucius
3065:Iseult
2867:Lionel
2862:Lanval
2822:Daniel
2807:Cligès
2802:Brunor
2712:Gawain
2707:Gareth
2659:Family
2596:
2522:
2501:
2463:
2443:
2435:
2427:
2383:
2356:
2317:
2212:
2164:
2137:
2110:
1945:
1920:
1912:
1871:
1823:
1785:
1652:
1246:Merlin
1238:Secace
1198:Sigurd
1155:Merlin
1124:(1917)
1060:Lucius
1056:Merlin
1018:(1903)
970:achier
956:Hebrew
952:Merlin
938:Gawain
920:Merlin
916:Merlin
904:Avalon
817:Merlin
792:Morgan
769:Merlin
732:Logres
716:. (As
706:Merlin
701:Merlin
687:(1911)
633:Legend
368:calibs
240:, and
200:Breton
140:Avalon
118:Gawain
106:Morgan
98:Merlin
90:Owners
69:(1903)
6043:Hǫfuð
6033:Harpe
5480:Ywain
5280:Oenus
4935:Eliud
4920:Eldol
4725:Cador
4720:Cadoc
4493:Works
4415:Items
4382:Arfon
4360:Dyfed
4335:Annwn
4272:White
4237:Cewri
4217:Afanc
4139:Pwyll
4114:Olwen
4049:Mabon
4044:Llwyd
4039:Lludd
4019:Idris
3954:Gwern
3949:Gwawl
3854:Cynon
3824:Cigfa
3754:Arawn
3675:Other
3180:Yniol
3140:Olwen
3025:Garel
3010:Enide
2767:Yvain
2762:Urien
2687:Ector
2672:Cador
1918:S2CID
1910:JSTOR
1783:JSTOR
1743:Tome
1684:index
1650:JSTOR
1555:">
1420:topaz
1335:Notes
1283:; in
1242:Seure
1045:Mabon
981:acies
867:. In
833:Balin
800:Yvain
740:Ector
449:uwlch
443:vwlch
434:fwlch
418:bwlch
397:steel
389:χάλυψ
243:bwlch
227:caled
189:Welsh
6028:Gram
5380:Runo
5155:Leil
5070:Hoel
4547:Brut
4309:Pwca
4084:Menw
4074:Math
4034:Llŷr
4029:Lleu
3889:Elen
2697:Hoel
2594:ISBN
2520:ISBN
2499:ISBN
2461:ISBN
2441:ISBN
2433:ISBN
2425:ISBN
2419:Ed.
2381:ISBN
2354:ISBN
2315:ISBN
2210:ISBN
2162:ISBN
2135:ISBN
2108:ISBN
1943:ISBN
1869:ISBN
1821:ISBN
1775:Text
1214:Odin
1206:Gram
1190:Troy
1001:").
962:" ("
798:(or
480:Wace
472:" ("
424:bulc
410:lost
272:Brut
235:hard
80:Type
46:the
5906:Asi
4267:Red
3859:Dôn
3804:Cai
3090:Lot
2950:Ban
2732:Kay
2034:: "
1902:doi
1411:: "
1240:or
1160:In
1120:'s
926:In
744:Kay
683:'s
657:'s
523:),
482:'s
452:).
446:or
431:to
392:),
371:of
353:),
224:of
154:of
65:by
6146::
4388:,
4384:,
4380:,
4366:,
2482:30
2480:.
2439:,
2431:,
2266:.
2007:46
1916:.
1908:.
1898:17
1896:.
1892:.
1777:.
1741:,
1678:,
1646:12
1644:.
1640:.
1622:^
1587:.
1542:,
1494:^
1448:^
1319:.
629:.
621:,
617:,
613:,
609:,
605:,
601:,
591:,
585:,
579:,
573:,
567:,
547:,
539:,
531:,
517:,
511:,
492:c.
348:c.
346:,
264:c.
246:,
230:,
209:,
116:,
112:,
108:,
104:,
100:,
96:,
5703:e
5696:t
5689:v
4477:e
4470:t
4463:v
4407:)
4403:(
4392:)
4376:(
4370:)
4362:(
4346:)
4342:(
3528:e
3521:t
3514:v
2639:e
2632:t
2625:v
2600:.
2528:.
2507:.
2469:.
2447:.
2218:.
2191:.
2038:"
2009:.
1993:.
1991:7
1977:.
1951:.
1924:.
1904::
1877:.
1789:.
1779:9
1745:1
1680:2
1656:.
1615:P
1611:D
1607:N
1388:.
999:'
994:'
992:"
960:'
505:(
490:(
437:(
400:'
394:'
386:(
342:(
262:(
254:'
248:'
238:'
232:'
198:(
34:.
20:)
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