498:, and the possibility of conceiving organisms not on the basis of mechanical and technical models that would reduce the organism to a machine, but rather on the basis of the organism's relation to the milieu in which it lives, its successful survival in this milieu, and its status as something greater than "the sum of its parts". Canguilhem argued strongly for these positions, criticising 18th and 19th century vitalism (and its politics) but also cautioning against the reduction of biology to a "physical science." He believed such a reduction deprived biology of a proper field of study, ideologically transforming living beings into mechanical structures serving a chemical/physical equilibrium that cannot account for the particularity of organisms or for the complexity of life. He furthered and altered these critiques in a later book,
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is an extended exploration into the nature and meaning of normality in medicine and biology, the production and institutionalization of medical knowledge. It is still a seminal work in medical anthropology and the history of ideas, and is widely influential in part thanks to
Canguilhem's influence on
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Derrida recalled that
Canguilhem advised him early in his career that he would have to distinguish himself as a serious scholar before he could exhibit professionally the particular philosophical sense of humour for which he is at turns famous and notorious, advice which Derrida seemed to have taken
542:
As
Inspector General and then president of the jury d'Agrégation in philosophy, Canguilhem had a tremendous and direct influence over philosophical instruction in France in the latter half of the twentieth century and was known to more than a generation of French academic philosophers as a demanding
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which was practical and rigorous. His work focused on the one hand on the concepts of "normal" and "pathological" and, on the other, a critical history of the formation of concepts such as "reflex" in the history of science. Canguilhem was also a mentor to several French scholars, most notably
547:
remarked, believed he could correct the philosophical understanding of teachers by bawling them out. This belief did not prevent him from being regarded with considerable affection by the generation of intellectuals that came to the fore in the 1960s, including
580:
Take away
Canguilhem and you will no longer understand much about Althusser, Althusserism and a whole series of discussions which have taken place among French Marxists; you will no longer grasp what is specific to sociologists such as
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512:
More than just a great theoretician, Canguilhem was one of the few philosophers of the 20th century to develop an approach that was shaped by a medical education. He helped define a method of studying the
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1094:, M. Cardot, F. Duroux, M. Fichant, Dominique Lecourt et J. Roubaud, Bibliothèque du Collège International de Philosophie/Albin Michel, Paris, 1993,
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By 1948 he was the French equivalent of department chair in philosophy at
Strasbourg as well. Seven years later, he was named a professor at the
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as the director of the
Institut d'histoire des sciences, a post he occupied until 1971, at which time he undertook an active emeritus career.
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846:"Life as Normative Activity and Self-realization: Debate surrounding the Concept of Biological Normativity in Goldstein and Canguilhem"
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723:, trans. Mark Cohen & Randall Cherry, in "Incorporations" Ed. by Jonathan Crary and Sanford Kwinter (New York: Zone Books, 1992).
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After years of neglect, a great deal of
Canguilhem's writings have been translated into English. Among them are his celebrated works
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892:: a Counterpoint between the Theories of Uexküll, Goldstein and Canguilhem". In Köchy, Kristian; Michelini,Francesca (eds.).
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1991:
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Geroulanos, Stefanos, and Todd Meyers, "Georges
Canguilhem’s Critique of Medical Reason", in Georges Canguilhem,
1971:
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is an extended study of the specificity of biology as a science, the historical and conceptual significance of
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and vitalism but was later influenced by them and developed his own "idiosyncratic brand of vitalism."
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Le normal et le pathologique, augmenté de
Nouvelles réflexions concernant le normal et le pathologique
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At the time, the ENS was part of the
University of Paris according to the decree of 10 November 1903.
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PHILOSOPHIE ET REFLEXION ETHIQUE : Le Normal et le Pathologique selon Georges CANGUILHEM
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Philosophy in Turbulent Times: Canguilhem, Sartre, Foucault, Althusser, Deleuze, Derrida
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Michel Foucault's Archaeology of Scientific Reason: Science and the History of Reason
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739:, trans. Stefanos Geroulanos and Daniela Ginsburg (New York: Fordham UP, 2008).
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Canguilhem's principal work in philosophy of science is presented in two books,
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The Care of Life: Transdisciplinary Perspectives in Bioethics and Biopolitics
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The Return of Vitalism: Canguilhem, Bergson and the Project of Biophilosophy
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745:, trans. Stefanos Geroulanos and Todd Meyers (New York: Fordham UP, 2012).
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Georges Canguilhem et l'unité de l'expérience. Juger et agir (1926-1939)
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27, page 171). Likewise, Foucault, in his introduction to Canguilhem's
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in 1941, and received his medical doctorate in 1943, in the middle of
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throughout France, taking up the study of medicine while teaching in
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Essai sur quelques problèmes concernant le normal et le pathologique
1931:
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Jakob von Uexküll and Philosophy: Life, Environments, Anthropology
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597:; you will miss an entire aspect of the theoretical work done by
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940:. In Miguel de Beistegui; Giuseppe Bianco; Marjorie Gracieuse.
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Idéologie et rationalité dans l’histoire des sciences de la vie
427:. Using the pseudonym "Lafont" Canguilhem became active in the
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Greco, Monica (February 2005). "On the vitality of vitalism".
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La formation du concept de réflexe aux XVIIe et XVIIIe siècles
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Ideology and Rationality in the History of the Life Sciences
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Ideology and Rationality in the History of the Life Sciences
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313:
1043:
Horton, R., "Georges Canguilhem: Philosopher of Disease,"
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and whose work he followed throughout the latter's life.
522:, for whom he served as a sponsor in the presentation of
477:, first published in 1943 and then expanded in 1968, and
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564:. Althusser once wrote to his English translator that "
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Georges Canguilhem, philosophe, historien des sciences
1063:, "Introduction: A Vital Rationalist," in Canguilhem,
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27:2–3 (1998). Special issue dedicated to Canguilhem.
944:. Rowman & Littlefield International. pp. 63-75.
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Gutting, Gary, "Canguilhem's history of science" in
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La santé, concept vulgaire et question philosophique
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1040:(Cambridge University Press, 1989), pp. 32–52.
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1153:Biography by Jim Marshall, University of Auckland.
995:(Stanford University Press, 2017), 64-90, 194-225.
505:Canguilhem was originally hostile to the ideas of
666:Etudes d’histoire et de philosophie des sciences
348:; 4 June 1904 – 11 September 1995) was a French
1057:, Paris, PUF/Que sais je ?, February 2008.
1172:
660:Du développement à l’évolution au XIXe siècle
621:as well as two collections of essays, titled
8:
1077:, Columbia University Press, New York, 2008.
463:Centre national de la recherche scientifique
1120:L'histoire des sciences - textes et études
1082:Georges Canguilhem and the Problem of Error
888:Ostachuk, A. (2019). "The Organism and its
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1165:
1157:
764:The Historical Turn in Analytic Philosophy
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93:
969:Georges Canguilhem: Philosophie de la vie
864:
794:Phenomenology: Responses and Developments
380:in 1924 as part of a class that included
80:Learn how and when to remove this message
1045:Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine
43:This article includes a list of general
2101:20th-century French non-fiction writers
1002:(Fordham University Press, 2012), 1-24.
755:
593:and what marks them so strongly within
1065:A Vital Rationalist: Selected Writings
727:A Vital Rationalist: Selected Writings
524:Histoire de la folie à l'âge classique
1977:Violence § Philosophical perspectives
1147:Obituary by David Macey (pdf format).
566:my debt to Canguilhem is incalculable
343:
7:
934:Wolfe, Charles; Wong, Andy. (2014).
640:(1943), re-published with the title
411:Canguilhem during his student years
853:História Ciências Saúde-Manguinhos
49:it lacks sufficient corresponding
25:
2186:French philosophers of technology
568:" (italics in the original, from
256:History and philosophy of science
2171:French philosophers of education
2106:20th-century French philosophers
984:, "Introduction" to Canguilhem,
303:
34:
2146:French male non-fiction writers
2126:École Normale Supérieure alumni
986:The Normal and the Pathological
898:. Routledge. pp. 158–171.
866:10.1590/S0104-59702015005000009
790:"The Philosophy of the Concept"
715:The Normal and the Pathological
615:The Normal and the Pathological
574:The Normal and the Pathological
543:and exacting evaluator who, as
272:
2181:French philosophers of science
2176:French philosophers of history
2116:20th-century French physicians
2096:20th-century French historians
993:Transparency in Postwar France
216:French historical epistemology
27:French philosopher (1904–1995)
1:
2091:20th-century French essayists
1145:Georges Canguilhem, 1904-1995
1009:Theory, Culture & Society
733:(New York: Zone Books, 1994).
711:(Cambridge: MIT Press, 1988).
2156:French historians of science
483:Le Normal et le pathologique
475:Le Normal et le pathologique
1902:Interpellation (philosophy)
1705:Non-representational theory
1084:(Palgrave Macmillan, 2019).
792:. In Leonard Lawlor (ed.).
449:In 1983 he was awarded the
396:in 1927 and then taught in
345:[kɑ̃ɡijɛm,kɑ̃ɡilɛm]
240:Other notable students
2217:
2201:University of Paris alumni
1857:Existence precedes essence
766:, Springer, 2016: ch. 2.1.
678:, articles contributed to
457:. In 1987 he received the
455:History of Science Society
2166:People from Castelnaudary
2151:French Resistance members
2111:20th-century male writers
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1992:Hermeneutics of suspicion
1140:Centre Georges Canguilhem
699:Translations into English
680:Encyclopaedia Universalis
648:La connaissance de la vie
492:La Connaissance de la vie
479:La Connaissance de la vie
431:, serving as a doctor in
415:He took up a post at the
292:
181:
103:
2121:Continental philosophers
1972:Transvaluation of values
1778:Apollonian and Dionysian
1022:10.1177/0263276405048432
421:University of Strasbourg
378:École Normale Supérieure
172:École Normale Supérieure
376:Canguilhem entered the
260:historical epistemology
190:20th-century philosophy
64:more precise citations.
2131:French epistemologists
2042:Philosophy of language
2007:Linguistic determinism
1917:Master–slave dialectic
1892:Historical materialism
1188:Continental philosophy
991:Geroulanos, Stefanos,
607:
412:
268:philosophy of medicine
212:Continental philosophy
2136:French male essayists
1922:Master–slave morality
1730:Psychoanalytic theory
1071:Roudinesco, Elisabeth
978:(Polity Press, 2019).
904:10.4324/9780429279096
627:Writings on Medicine.
578:
469:Philosophy of biology
410:
362:philosophy of science
264:philosophy of biology
1122:, Paris, Vrin, 2013
1000:Writings on Medicine
798:Taylor & Francis
788:(3 September 2014).
786:Pierre Cassou-Noguès
743:Writings on Medicine
721:Machine and Organism
2141:French male writers
1742:Speculative realism
1106:Economy and Society
1047:88 (1995): 316–319.
844:Ostachuk A (2015).
623:A Vital Rationalist
570:Economy and Society
356:who specialized in
176:University of Paris
1862:Existential crisis
1793:Binary oppositions
1720:Post-structuralism
1151:Georges Canguilhem
1055:Georges Canguilhem
1051:Lecourt, Dominique
965:Dagognet, François
538:Institutional role
528:History of Madness
515:history of science
413:
299:Georges Canguilhem
200:Western philosophy
98:Georges Canguilhem
2068:
2067:
2002:Linguistic theory
1907:Intersubjectivity
1128:978-2-7116-2491-1
1080:Talcott, Samuel.
913:978-0-429-27909-6
737:Knowledge of Life
731:Arthur Goldhammer
709:Arthur Goldhammer
619:Knowledge of Life
461:, awarded by the
429:French Resistance
296:
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244:François Dagognet
226:Doctoral students
145:11 September 1995
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16:(Redirected from
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859:(4): 1199–1214.
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382:Jean-Paul Sartre
364:(in particular,
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2032:Linguistic turn
1962:Totalitarianism
1927:Oedipus complex
1788:Being in itself
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1663:German idealism
1643:Critical theory
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1542:Ortega y Gasset
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550:Jacques Derrida
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488:Michel Foucault
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2022:Media studies
2020:
2018:
2015:
2013:
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1995:
1993:
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1987:Will to power
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1912:Leap of faith
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1747:Structuralism
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1715:Postmodernism
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1710:Phenomenology
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1522:Merleau-Ponty
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1118:, collection
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1100:2-226-06201-7
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1062:
1061:Rabinow, Paul
1059:
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837:
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807:9781317546900
803:
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596:
592:
588:
584:
577:
575:
571:
567:
563:
562:Jacques Lacan
559:
555:
551:
546:
537:
535:
533:
529:
525:
521:
516:
510:
508:
507:Henri Bergson
503:
501:
497:
493:
489:
484:
480:
476:
468:
466:
464:
460:
459:médaille d'or
456:
452:
447:
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436:
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430:
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418:
409:
405:
403:
399:
395:
391:
387:
383:
379:
372:Life and work
371:
369:
367:
363:
359:
355:
351:
346:
336:
300:
291:
288:
287:
282:
278:
275:Notable ideas
269:
265:
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257:
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248:
245:
242:
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184:
180:
177:
173:
170:
166:
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158:
157:Île-de-France
154:
144:
140:
136:
132:
128:
127:Castelnaudary
115:
111:
107:
102:
95:
92:
84:
81:
73:
63:
59:
53:
52:
46:
41:
32:
31:
19:
2191:Rationalists
1952:Ressentiment
1837:Death of God
1829:
1823:Postcritique
1783:Authenticity
1673:Hermeneutics
1577:Schopenhauer
1482:Lévi-Strauss
1195:Philosophers
1119:
1115:
1105:
1087:
1081:
1074:
1064:
1054:
1044:
1037:
1016:(1): 15–27.
1013:
1007:
999:
992:
985:
975:
968:
941:
936:
930:
894:
889:
883:
856:
852:
839:
828:, retrieved
822:
816:
793:
780:
771:
763:
758:
742:
736:
726:
720:
714:
704:
691:
685:
679:
675:
671:
665:
659:
653:
647:
641:
637:
632:Bibliography
626:
622:
618:
614:
612:
610:in earnest.
608:
579:
573:
569:
565:
541:
531:
527:
523:
511:
504:
499:
491:
482:
478:
474:
472:
458:
451:Sarton Medal
448:
437:
425:World War II
414:
386:Raymond Aron
375:
358:epistemology
298:
297:
284:
153:Marly-le-Roi
147:(1995-09-11)
91:
76:
67:
48:
2161:Ontologists
2086:1995 deaths
2081:1904 births
2027:Film theory
1937:Ontopoetics
1842:Death drive
1818:Ideological
1737:Romanticism
1668:Hegelianism
1442:Kierkegaard
1302:Castoriadis
1262:de Beauvoir
1247:Baudrillard
1112:Xavier Roth
350:philosopher
279:Revival of
123:4 June 1904
70:August 2021
62:introducing
2075:Categories
1982:Wertkritik
1887:Hauntology
1852:Difference
1847:Différance
1587:Sloterdijk
1457:Kołakowski
976:Canguilhem
676:Régulation
530:) for the
394:aggregated
390:Paul Nizan
286:dispositif
119:1904-06-04
45:references
18:Canguilhem
2196:Vitalists
2017:Semiotics
2012:Semantics
1997:Discourse
1877:Genealogy
1867:Facticity
1638:Absurdism
1567:Schelling
1537:Nietzsche
1412:Heidegger
1227:Bachelard
1212:Althusser
922:216410490
729:, trans.
707:, trans.
595:sociology
576:, wrote:
354:physician
2055:Category
1897:Ideology
1813:Immanent
1808:Critique
1763:Alterity
1756:Concepts
1631:Theories
1617:Williams
1592:Spengler
1547:Rancière
1477:Lefebvre
1462:Kristeva
1427:Irigaray
1422:Ingarden
1402:Habermas
1392:Guattari
1377:Foucault
1352:Eagleton
1297:Cassirer
1277:Bourdieu
1272:Blanchot
1257:Benjamin
1242:Bataille
875:25807361
830:28 March
591:Passeron
583:Bourdieu
520:Foucault
496:vitalism
481:(1952).
465:(CNRS).
440:Sorbonne
433:Auvergne
402:Toulouse
360:and the
281:vitalism
1882:Habitus
1798:Boredom
1688:Freudo-
1683:Western
1678:Marxism
1602:Strauss
1572:Schmitt
1512:Marcuse
1502:Lyotard
1492:Luhmann
1487:Levinas
1437:Jaspers
1432:Jameson
1417:Husserl
1397:Gramsci
1387:Gentile
1382:Gadamer
1342:Dilthey
1337:Derrida
1332:Deleuze
1267:Bergson
1237:Barthes
1207:Agamben
1030:7599906
694:(1988).
688:(1977).
682:(1974).
668:(1968).
662:(1962).
656:(1955).
650:(1952).
644:(1966).
453:by the
366:biology
341:French:
58:improve
1831:Dasein
1582:Serres
1562:Sartre
1552:Ricœur
1507:Marcel
1497:Lukács
1472:Latour
1447:Kojève
1372:Fisher
1367:Fichte
1357:Engels
1327:Debord
1322:de Man
1312:Cixous
1307:Cioran
1287:Butler
1252:Bauman
1232:Badiou
1217:Arendt
1202:Adorno
1126:
1098:
1028:
948:
920:
910:
890:Umwelt
873:
804:
587:Castel
560:, and
419:based
398:lycées
207:School
196:Region
161:France
135:France
47:, but
2060:Index
1967:Trace
1947:Power
1942:Other
1932:Ontic
1773:Angst
1622:Žižek
1607:Weber
1597:Stein
1532:Negri
1527:Nancy
1467:Lacan
1452:Koyré
1407:Hegel
1362:Fanon
1317:Croce
1292:Camus
1282:Buber
1026:S2CID
918:S2CID
849:(PDF)
750:Notes
392:. He
1872:Gaze
1612:Weil
1557:Said
1517:Marx
1222:Aron
1124:ISBN
1096:ISBN
946:ISBN
908:ISBN
871:PMID
832:2023
802:ISBN
625:and
617:and
388:and
352:and
142:Died
131:Aude
113:Born
1347:Eco
1018:doi
900:doi
861:doi
674:et
672:Vie
368:).
186:Era
2077::
1114:,
1073:,
1053:,
1024:.
1014:22
1012:.
967:,
916:.
906:.
869:.
857:22
851:.
796:.
589:,
585:,
556:,
552:,
502:.
490:.
435:.
404:.
384:,
339:;
311:ɑː
283:,
266:,
262:,
258:,
232:,
174:,
159:,
155:,
133:,
129:,
1180:e
1173:t
1166:v
1102:.
1067:.
1032:.
1020::
988:.
924:.
902::
877:.
863::
810:.
526:(
335:/
332:m
329:ɛ
326:l
323:ˈ
320:ɪ
317:ɡ
314:ŋ
308:k
305:/
301:(
121:)
117:(
83:)
77:(
72:)
68:(
54:.
20:)
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