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projecting outward into and across it, with access from the main fortress via a passage through the curtain wall. The roof, if any, was often made against weather, observation and small arms fire, not artillery. As polygonal fortresses evolved, caponiers became more substantial, higher and protected above from plunging fire with masonry and earth cover. In late 19th century, works which were largely underground, caponiers were reached via a tunnel from within the fort.
457:
131:
473:
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509:
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sometimes set at alternate corners of the fort, so that they fire towards a blank wall at the opposite end of the ditch, giving full coverage of the ditch without subjecting the next caponier to fire. The length of the straight sections of the ditch is chosen so that it can be covered by fire from a single caponier. Caponiers are often wedge shaped so that they can fire down both angles of the ditch.
83:
184:
20:
121:
style, the term was sometimes used to describe the flanking positions set at the corners of the ditch that provide the same function in that style of fort, especially in France. In bastioned forts, it usually takes the form of a low open passage, often partly sunken into the floor of the ditch and
154:
ports to allow troops to fire along the ditch, and often has provision for small cannon to sweep the ditch as well. To clear the smoke and fumes from the firing the roof of the caponier is often provided with ventilation ports. To avoid fire from one caponier bearing on the next, caponiers are
729:
64:, protecting troops from direct fire; they were often roofless. Although they could be used for firing along the ditch, the flanks of the bastions were the main defence of the ditch by fire. In later
2078:
562:
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456:
171:. Reached by a tunnel from within the fort, it does not have the vulnerable roof that the caponier has, but being outside the ditch, is potentially more vulnerable to
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Caponiers are a common feature of 18th- and 19th-century fortifications and are found on almost all the
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to deter any attempt to storm the wall. Thus the passageway was equipped with musket ports and
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The military encyclopaedia: a technical, biographical, and historical dictionary
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battery, dug into the outer face of the corner of the ditch, giving a similar
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to deter any attempt to storm the wall. The word originates from the French
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Originally the term referred to a covered passageway that traversed the
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669:. Vol. 5 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 286.
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91:
57:
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1943:
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111:
19:
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730:
National
Inventory of the Cultural Property of the Maltese Islands
551:
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252:
217:
182:
151:
129:
81:
49:
769:
68:, caponiers were often roofed and were not intended as a type of
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74:, but as the main way of keeping the ditch clear of a besieger.
60:
fortifications, the caponier served as a means of access to the
773:
658:
106:. Fire from this point could cover the ditch beyond the
35:. Fire from this point could cover the ditch beyond the
462:
Caponier between the citadel wall and
Ravelin Anselm,
245:
Camden Fort
Meagher, Crosshaven, Cork Harbour, Ireland
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2006:
1917:
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117:While fortifications were evolving to the simpler
175:. Both structures may be found in the same fort.
205:in Britain, the Lisbon Entrenched Camp forts in
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134:A caponier covered with a layer of earth,
146:The caponier is usually equipped with a
18:
630:
436:
2710:Fortification (architectural elements)
31:is a type of defensive structure in a
265:contains a good 16th century example.
7:
733:(1525). 28 June 2013. Archived from
163:An alternative to the caponier is a
2184:Weapons Storage and Security System
619:List of established military terms
114:ports that fired along the ditch.
14:
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561:
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278:Fort Glanville Conservation Park
686:. W.H. Allen & Co. p.
213:. Caponiers were also found in
16:Type of fortification structure
86:Rifle port inside a caponier,
53:is a castrated male chicken).
1:
2079:British "hedgehog" road block
722:"Remains of Capinier - Birgu"
404:Halifax Regional Municipality
680:Stocqueler, Joachim (1853).
428:) in Lüshun, Liaoning, China
385:Rhodes medieval town, Greece
47:, meaning "chicken coop" (a
2489:Cities with defensive walls
2074:Defensive fighting position
1989:
1794:
1604:
1550:
1411:
1402:
1368:
1359:
1214:
2726:
644:. Retrieved 4 January 2018
2673:
2119:Hardened aircraft shelter
2094:Entry control point (ECP)
423:
416:East Jiguan Hill Fortress
209:, fortifications in many
102:outside the curtain of a
2616:Continuity of government
765:Sant Julià de Ramis Fort
335:, Isle of Wight, England
187:Interior of caponier at
2438:Motte-and-bailey castle
2144:Missile launch facility
2139:Main line of resistance
834:
666:Encyclopædia Britannica
2514:Military installations
2378:
2359:
2350:
2341:
2259:
1930:
1905:
1881:
1871:Scarp and Counterscarp
1842:
1833:
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861:
852:
843:
825:
614:Coffer (fortification)
303:, Kittery Point, Maine
240:Brest-Litovsk fortress
191:
179:Locations of caponiers
143:
95:
42:
24:
2283:Floating water castle
2014:Admiralty scaffolding
1307:Fortified buildings (
448:Fort Napoleon, Ostend
186:
133:
88:Fort Napoleon, Ostend
85:
22:
2626:Subterranean warfare
1579:Viking ring fortress
760:Vladivostok Fortress
640:Cambridge Dictionary
341:, Lymington, England
159:Counterscarp battery
2443:Quadrangular castle
2179:Weapon storage area
1535:Quadrangular castle
755:Amherst Fort - Kent
189:Fort de Bois l'Abbé
2174:Underground hangar
1959:Fire control tower
1756:Gunpowder magazine
1184:Butter-churn tower
464:Petersberg Citadel
412:in East Sussex, UK
350:Petersberg Citadel
333:Freshwater Redoubt
269:Eluanbi Lighthouse
259:Craignethan Castle
192:
144:
96:
25:
2697:
2696:
2621:Military urbanism
2555:Fortified gateway
2428:Concentric castle
2192:
2191:
2109:Fire support base
1949:Coastal artillery
1824:(Spanish America)
1418:
1260:Concentric castle
352:, Erfurt, Germany
327:Prescott, Ontario
56:In some types of
2717:
2686:
2685:
2679:
2570:National redoubt
2499:Fortified estate
2423:Circular rampart
2383:
2364:
2355:
2346:
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2024:Anti-tank trench
2019:Air raid shelter
1994:
1954:Disappearing gun
1935:
1910:
1886:
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1838:
1823:
1799:
1790:
1776:
1747:
1718:
1709:
1685:
1646:
1631:
1609:
1589:Bailey (or ward)
1555:
1460:Motte-and-bailey
1451:
1432:
1416:
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1407:
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1350:
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962:
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888:Circular rampart
884:
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848:
839:
830:
794:
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780:
771:
742:
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740:on 14 July 2015.
739:
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698:Internet Archive
695:
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660:"Caponier"
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211:Nordic countries
203:Palmerston Forts
45:
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2467:
2401:
2336:Imperial castle
2309:Coercion castle
2304:Coastal defence
2287:
2249:Promontory fort
2219:Hillside castle
2188:
2104:Fallout shelter
2069:Concertina wire
2049:Border security
2002:
1913:
1622:
1255:Coercion castle
1243:Cheval de frise
1225:Chemin de ronde
1073:Albarrana tower
1054:
999:Schwedenschanze
976:Promontory fort
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593:Fort Prinz Karl
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530:
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494:
485:
480:Fort San Lucian
476:
467:
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380:Spandau Citadel
375:Southsea Castle
356:Poznań Fortress
323:Fort Wellington
313:Fort Washington
286:South Australia
181:
161:
128:
80:
66:polygonal forts
17:
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11:
5:
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2299:Border barrier
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2099:Electric fence
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2089:Dragon's teeth
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2084:Czech hedgehog
2081:
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2071:
2066:
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2016:
2010:
2008:
2004:
2003:
2001:
2000:
1998:Wire obstacles
1995:
1986:
1984:Polygonal fort
1981:
1976:
1974:Martello tower
1971:
1966:
1961:
1956:
1951:
1946:
1941:
1939:Border outpost
1936:
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1813:Polygonal fort
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1303:Flanking tower
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1270:Counter-castle
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1080:
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1060:Post-classical
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1052:
1050:Vitrified fort
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908:Defensive wall
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801:Fortifications
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749:External links
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657:, ed. (1911).
655:Chisholm, Hugh
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578:United Kingdom
570:Scraesdon Fort
567:
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534:Brest Fortress
531:
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400:Fort Charlotte
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249:Coalhouse Fort
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234:Boden Fortress
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199:forts of Malta
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2658:Urban warfare
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2611:Civil defense
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2578:
2576:
2573:
2571:
2568:
2566:
2563:
2561:
2558:
2556:
2553:
2551:
2548:
2546:
2543:
2541:
2538:
2536:
2533:
2532:
2530:
2526:
2520:
2517:
2515:
2512:
2510:
2507:
2505:
2502:
2500:
2497:
2495:
2492:
2490:
2487:
2485:
2482:
2480:
2479:Bastion forts
2477:
2476:
2474:
2470:
2464:
2463:Z-plan castle
2461:
2459:
2456:
2454:
2451:
2449:
2446:
2444:
2441:
2439:
2436:
2434:
2433:L-plan castle
2431:
2429:
2426:
2424:
2421:
2419:
2418:Bridge castle
2416:
2414:
2411:
2410:
2408:
2404:
2398:
2395:
2393:
2390:
2388:
2387:Refuge castle
2385:
2382:
2381:
2376:
2374:
2371:
2369:
2368:Military base
2366:
2363:
2362:
2357:
2354:
2353:
2348:
2345:
2344:
2339:
2337:
2334:
2332:
2331:Hunting lodge
2329:
2327:
2326:
2322:
2320:
2317:
2315:
2312:
2310:
2307:
2305:
2302:
2300:
2297:
2296:
2294:
2290:
2284:
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2279:
2276:
2274:
2271:
2269:
2266:
2263:
2262:
2257:
2255:
2252:
2250:
2247:
2245:
2244:Moated castle
2242:
2240:
2237:
2235:
2232:
2230:
2229:Island castle
2227:
2225:
2222:
2220:
2217:
2215:
2212:
2210:
2207:
2205:
2202:
2201:
2199:
2197:By topography
2195:
2185:
2182:
2180:
2177:
2175:
2172:
2170:
2169:Submarine pen
2167:
2165:
2162:
2160:
2157:
2155:
2152:
2150:
2147:
2145:
2142:
2140:
2137:
2135:
2132:
2130:
2127:
2125:
2124:Hesco bastion
2122:
2120:
2117:
2115:
2112:
2110:
2107:
2105:
2102:
2100:
2097:
2095:
2092:
2090:
2087:
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2080:
2077:
2075:
2072:
2070:
2067:
2065:
2062:
2060:
2057:
2055:
2052:
2050:
2047:
2045:
2042:
2040:
2039:Blast shelter
2037:
2035:
2032:
2030:
2027:
2025:
2022:
2020:
2017:
2015:
2012:
2011:
2009:
2005:
1999:
1996:
1993:
1992:
1987:
1985:
1982:
1980:
1977:
1975:
1972:
1970:
1967:
1965:
1962:
1960:
1957:
1955:
1952:
1950:
1947:
1945:
1942:
1940:
1937:
1934:
1933:
1928:
1926:
1923:
1922:
1920:
1916:
1909:
1908:
1903:
1901:
1898:
1896:
1893:
1891:
1888:
1885:
1884:
1879:
1877:
1874:
1872:
1869:
1867:
1864:
1862:
1859:
1857:
1854:
1852:
1849:
1846:
1845:
1840:
1837:
1836:
1831:
1829:
1826:
1822:
1821:
1816:
1814:
1811:
1809:
1808:Place-of-arms
1806:
1804:
1801:
1798:
1797:
1792:
1789:
1788:
1783:
1781:
1778:
1775:
1774:
1769:
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1764:
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1607:
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1597:
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1577:
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1538:
1536:
1533:
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1528:
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1523:
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1513:
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1508:
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1501:
1498:
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1481:
1478:
1476:
1473:
1471:
1468:
1466:
1463:
1461:
1458:
1456:
1453:
1450:
1449:
1444:
1442:
1441:Machicolation
1439:
1437:
1436:L-plan castle
1434:
1431:
1430:
1425:
1423:
1420:
1415:
1414:
1406:
1405:
1400:
1398:
1395:
1393:
1390:
1388:
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1221:
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1210:
1207:
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1202:
1200:
1197:
1195:
1192:
1190:
1187:
1185:
1182:
1180:
1177:
1175:
1172:
1170:
1169:Bridge castle
1167:
1164:
1163:
1158:
1156:
1153:
1150:
1149:
1144:
1141:
1140:
1135:
1133:
1132:Bent entrance
1130:
1128:
1125:
1123:
1120:
1118:
1117:Battery tower
1115:
1113:
1110:
1108:
1105:
1103:
1100:
1098:
1095:
1093:
1090:
1087:
1086:
1081:
1079:
1076:
1074:
1071:
1069:
1068:Advanced work
1066:
1065:
1063:
1061:
1057:
1051:
1048:
1044:
1039:
1036:
1033:
1032:
1027:
1024:
1023:
1018:
1015:
1014:
1009:
1007:
1004:
1001:
1000:
995:
993:
992:Refuge castle
990:
987:
984:
982:
979:
977:
974:
972:
969:
967:
964:
961:
960:
955:
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934:
931:
929:
926:
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921:
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909:
906:
904:
901:
899:
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891:
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886:
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882:
877:
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873:
868:
865:
864:
859:
856:
855:
850:
847:
846:
841:
838:
837:
832:
829:
828:
823:
821:
818:
816:
813:
812:
810:
806:
802:
795:
790:
788:
783:
781:
776:
775:
772:
766:
763:
761:
758:
756:
753:
752:
748:
736:
732:
731:
723:
717:
715:
713:
711:
707:
703:
699:
689:
685:
684:
676:
673:
668:
667:
661:
656:
650:
647:
643:
641:
634:
631:
624:
620:
617:
615:
612:
611:
607:
602:
598:
594:
587:
582:
579:
575:
571:
564:
559:
556:
553:
546:
541:
538:
535:
528:
523:
520:
517:
516:Fort Tas-Silġ
510:
505:
502:
499:
498:Fort Tas-Silġ
492:
487:
484:
481:
474:
469:
465:
458:
453:
449:
442:
437:
432:
426:
421:
417:
414:
411:
410:Newhaven Fort
408:
405:
401:
397:
394:
391:
388:
386:
383:
381:
378:
376:
373:
370:
366:
363:
361:
357:
354:
351:
348:
346:
345:Kyiv fortress
343:
340:
337:
334:
331:
328:
324:
321:
318:
314:
311:
308:
305:
302:
299:
296:
295:New York City
292:
291:Fort Hamilton
289:
287:
283:
279:
276:
274:
270:
267:
264:
260:
257:
254:
250:
247:
244:
241:
238:
235:
232:
230:
229:Fort Ricasoli
227:
225:
222:
219:
216:
215:
214:
212:
208:
204:
200:
197:
190:
185:
178:
176:
174:
170:
169:field of fire
166:
158:
156:
153:
149:
141:
137:
132:
125:
123:
120:
115:
113:
109:
105:
101:
93:
89:
84:
77:
75:
73:
72:
67:
63:
59:
54:
52:
51:
46:
44:
38:
34:
33:fortification
30:
21:
2681:
2636:Siege engine
2604:Other topics
2528:Related word
2494:Defense line
2458:Tower castle
2413:Bastion fort
2397:Urban castle
2325:Ganerbenburg
2323:
2278:Water castle
2254:Ridge castle
2239:Marsh castle
2054:Bomb shelter
2034:Belgian gate
2007:20th century
1918:19th century
1856:Retrenchment
1828:Punji sticks
1737:Entrenchment
1732:Device Forts
1699:Counterguard
1681:
1634:Early modern
1564:Tower castle
1500:Powder tower
1475:Outer bailey
1387:Inner bailey
1361:Gulyay-gorod
1329:Ganerbenburg
1327:
1323:Fujian tulou
1265:Corner tower
1204:Chamber gate
1174:Bridge tower
1022:Trou de loup
735:the original
728:
701:
696:– via
691:. Retrieved
682:
675:
664:
649:
639:
633:
396:York Redoubt
339:Hurst Castle
309:, Luxembourg
307:Fort Thüngen
301:Fort McClary
271:in southern
193:
165:counterscarp
162:
145:
116:
108:curtain wall
97:
69:
55:
48:
40:
37:curtain wall
28:
26:
2535:Castle town
2392:Toll castle
2361:Lustschloss
2343:Kaiserpfalz
2273:Spur castle
2268:Rock castle
2209:Hill castle
2204:Cave castle
2164:Spider hole
2064:Bremer wall
2029:Barbed tape
1925:Barbed wire
1599:Witch tower
1569:Tower house
1559:Toll castle
1545:Shield wall
1465:Murder hole
1354:Guard tower
971:Pincer gate
918:Faussebraye
702:caponniere.
638:'Capon' in
597:Großmehring
390:Suomenlinna
224:Fort Manoel
148:firing step
71:covered way
2560:Gatekeeper
2380:Ordensburg
2352:Landesburg
2159:Sentry gun
2114:Flak tower
2044:Blast wall
1964:Gun turret
1861:Sally port
1766:Kotta mara
1706:Couvreface
1670:Breastwork
1665:Blockhouse
1643:Abwurfdach
1594:Watchtower
1584:Wall tower
1540:Shell keep
1490:Portcullis
1485:Peel tower
1470:Neck ditch
1429:Landesburg
1377:Half tower
1335:Gate tower
1280:Drawbridge
1122:Battlement
1038:Wagon fort
881:Chengqiang
693:2017-04-23
625:References
591:Caponier,
568:Caponier,
550:Caponier.
532:Caponier,
514:Caponier,
496:Caponier,
478:Caponier,
446:Caponier,
392:in Finland
365:Sevastopol
220:main ditch
43:caponnière
23:A caponier
2663:Guerrilla
2406:By design
2154:Revetment
1969:Land mine
1900:Star fort
1727:Crownwork
1722:Covertway
1655:Barricade
1296:Embrasure
1209:Chartaque
1139:Bergfried
1097:Arrowslit
923:Gatehouse
893:City gate
854:Castellum
820:Acropolis
466:, Germany
450:, Belgium
255:, England
236:in Sweden
196:Victorian
126:Equipment
119:polygonal
58:bastioned
2704:Category
2688:Category
2678:See also
2565:Loophole
2453:Ringwork
2448:Ringfort
2373:Obstacle
2214:Hillfort
2134:Loophole
1932:Barbette
1907:Tenaille
1890:Sea fort
1820:Presidio
1780:Magazine
1761:Hornwork
1694:Cavalier
1689:Casemate
1682:Caponier
1525:Ringwork
1413:Detinets
1382:Hoarding
1287:Enceinte
1162:Bretèche
1107:Bartizan
1102:Barbican
1078:Alcazaba
1006:Stockade
986:Ringfort
966:Palisade
938:Landwehr
933:Hillfort
642:(online)
608:See also
574:Cornwall
420:Japanese
406:, Canada
329:, Canada
317:Maryland
282:Adelaide
263:Scotland
207:Portugal
140:Portugal
104:fortress
62:outworks
29:caponier
2595:Vedette
2585:Schloss
2550:Festung
2545:Dungeon
2540:Château
2484:Castles
2292:By role
2149:Pillbox
1979:Outpost
1895:Station
1883:Schanze
1866:Sandbag
1851:Redoubt
1835:Ravelin
1803:Palanka
1787:Orillon
1773:Lunette
1715:Coupure
1660:Bastion
1650:Arsenal
1618:Zwinger
1530:Roundel
1520:Ricetto
1495:Postern
1480:Outwork
1404:Kremlin
1275:Curtain
1250:Citadel
1234:Chemise
1194:Caltrop
1112:Bastion
1085:Alcázar
981:Rampart
959:Oppidum
952:Nuraghe
898:Crannog
872:Castros
808:Ancient
601:Germany
537:Belarus
433:Gallery
425:東鶏冠山北堡塁
369:Ukraine
136:Sacavém
92:Belgium
78:History
2590:Trench
2580:Picket
1991:Sangar
1944:Bunker
1876:Sconce
1796:Ostrog
1744:Flèche
1627:Modern
1606:Yagura
1574:Turret
1510:Reduit
1448:Merlon
1392:Kasbah
1370:Gusuku
1347:Glacis
1340:Gabion
1309:church
1216:Chashi
1199:Castle
1043:Laager
1031:Vallum
988:(Rath)
863:Castra
845:Burgus
815:Abatis
555:Poland
360:Poland
273:Taiwan
201:, the
173:mining
138:Fort,
112:cannon
2631:Siege
2575:Palas
2519:Walls
2509:Forts
2472:Lists
2319:Fence
2261:Rocca
2129:Kabal
1844:Redan
1751:Gorge
1675:Canal
1552:Shiro
1515:Ribat
1505:Qalat
1317:Dzong
1313:house
1013:Sudis
945:Limes
903:Ditch
836:Broch
827:Agger
738:(PDF)
725:(PDF)
595:near
552:Wawel
519:Malta
501:Malta
483:Malta
319:, USA
297:, USA
253:Essex
218:Birgu
152:rifle
100:ditch
50:capon
2641:list
2059:Buoy
1613:Yett
1455:Moat
1422:Ksar
1397:Keep
1189:Caer
1179:Burh
1155:Boom
1148:Berm
1127:Bawn
1092:Amba
928:Gord
398:and
150:and
913:Dun
261:in
2706::
2680::
1315:,
1311:,
727:.
709:^
700:.
688:50
663:.
599:,
576:,
572:,
422::
402:,
371:).
358:,
325:,
315:,
293:,
284:,
280:,
251:,
90:,
27:A
1417:)
1409:(
1319:)
1046:)
1040:(
793:e
786:t
779:v
418:(
367:(
242:,
142:.
94:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
