282:
329:. They are not as rugged as the Snowdon massif or the Glyderau but are impressive nevertheless. Much of the higher ground is covered with rough grass and heather, with patches of shattered rocks. Pen-yr-Ole-Wen lies on the western edge of the range and dominates the Nant Ffrancon pass. To the northeast along the main Carneddau ridge is Carnedd Dafydd, then Carnedd Llewellyn and beyond are other lower summits. To the north and west of the ridge are mostly grassy slopes, while to the east there are some high cliffs, deep valleys and small lakes. The Carneddau range is home to the only population of wild horses in the United Kingdom.
389:
240:, the land was controlled once again by Welsh princes who schemed and formed alliances among themselves. The clearance of the native forests continued and at one time goats were the main form of livestock. Their feral descendants are still found in the area today on the Glyderau. They were later followed by cattle and it was not till the 18th century desire for wool that sheep became numerous. By the thirteenth century, English ambitions were increasing under
313:. Another legend has it that the two small lakes nestling below the towering cliffs to the east of Carnedd Llywelyn were haunted and that deformed fish with heads but no bodies lurked in their depths. A more recent legend records that the two great boulders known as the "Meini Gwynedd" near the summit of Carnedd Llywelyn were lifted there bodily in 1542 from the banks of one of these lakes.
604:
633:
20:
618:
399:
The plants growing on the
Carneddau need to be extremely hardy to withstand the snow, frosts, and gales they will encounter during the year and those found by sheltered streams in the valleys are very different from those clinging to crevices on windswept rocks. Sheep graze the mountains and impact
183:
moving together and colliding over a protracted period. Over time, these mountains have been eroded by the weather and scoured by advancing and retreating ice sheets. The
Carneddau were formed in this way and consist of volcanic and sedimentary rock. The last ice sheet retreated about 10,000 years
288:
281:
379:
In
September 2009 the peak referred to as Carnedd Uchaf was renamed Carnedd Gwenllian following a campaign by the Gwenllian Society to honour Princess Gwenllian, the daughter of Llywelyn ap Gruffudd, Prince of Wales.
594:
Wild ponies roam the
Carneddau, and a study of their DNA in 2012 revealed that they have been isolated as a breed for at least several hundred years. Numbers were severely reduced by the heavy snows of spring 2013.
213:
220:
ranges). The remains of circular stone huts dating back to this time have been found and the cairns on the mountain summits contain cremated human remains, presumably from prominent people of this time.
184:
ago. It left behind a landscape of smooth summits above erratic boulders and scree at the foot of cliffs on the eastern side of the mountains, and moraines that created shallow lakes in the cwms.
228:
huts and three cairns were built on the top of Moel Faban. This settlement endured for a thousand years, lasting until after the Romans arrived. There are other huts elsewhere and traces of
1740:
103:
to the south and west. The area covers nearly 200 square kilometres (80 sq mi), about 10% of the area of
Snowdonia. The area is bordered by three main roads—the
245:
236:
situated at strategic upland sites. The Romans subdued the area and built a road, Bwlch y
Ddeufaen across the northern slopes of the Carneddau. After they left in
251:
The two highest mountains in the range are named
Carnedd Llewellyn and Carnedd Dafydd after the thirteenth-century Prince of Wales, Llywelyn ap Iorwerth or
1750:
67:(although larger areas over 2,000 feet (610 m) are found in Northern England), as well as six or seven of the highest peaks in the country—the
1745:
263:, at a place called Nanhysglain, that Prince Dafydd ap Gruffudd and his family were captured in June 1283. In October, Dafydd was executed at
200:
farmers started clearing the native forests of oak and birch that covered all but the uppermost ridges and summits. They were followed by
1551:
1289:
1269:
1250:
1231:
1212:
1193:
1174:
1155:
1136:
1116:
1096:
1076:
1057:
1037:
1017:
997:
977:
957:
936:
916:
896:
876:
856:
836:
816:
796:
776:
756:
736:
716:
696:
676:
124:
1370:
63:, Wales. They include the largest contiguous areas of high ground (over 2,500 feet (760 m) or 3,000 feet (910 m) high) in
388:
660:
1421:
1457:
968:
23:
The snow-covered
Carneddau with Yr Elen in the centre, Carnedd Llywelyn behind and Carnedd Dafydd to the right
1725:
1695:
1544:
156:
108:
92:
167:
of the Cwm Eigiau
Formation. Within the Nant Ffrancon sequence are a variety of igneous intrusions and the
1165:
457:
449:
511:
would have roamed the
Carneddau. They have long gone, and, besides the ubiquitous sheep, there are now
1730:
1720:
1705:
687:
241:
1715:
1537:
1431:
568:
481:
433:
425:
256:
252:
176:
1486:
400:
the composition of the sward, nibbling out the most succulent young growth. Where the sheep are
1529:
317:
is said to have ordered the investigation of this claim and later proclaimed that it was true.
1668:
1609:
1417:
1366:
947:
707:
564:
556:
366:
326:
100:
64:
1735:
1700:
1652:
1306:
667:
625:
580:
572:
548:
528:
348:
225:
209:
1443:
1048:
867:
172:
1710:
1647:
1642:
1568:
1241:
767:
747:
607:
540:
536:
532:
342:
336:
272:
205:
148:
46:
1487:"BBC News - Carneddau ponies a 'unique' breed, say Aberystwyth University researchers"
1689:
1581:
1279:
1107:
611:
544:
516:
325:
The Carneddau are the largest continuous stretch of mountain land over 2,500 feet in
180:
1386:
1028:
907:
576:
552:
477:
465:
453:
409:
405:
229:
96:
171:
and tuffs of the Foel Fras Volcanic Complex. The complex geology results from the
1465:
1411:
1619:
1614:
1604:
1560:
1326:
1260:
1203:
1008:
524:
445:
417:
306:
88:
76:
72:
68:
1662:
1146:
1067:
787:
636:
560:
360:
314:
264:
201:
128:
80:
1674:
1586:
1184:
1127:
1087:
988:
887:
827:
727:
652:
603:
372:
310:
260:
233:
197:
193:
160:
140:
112:
84:
60:
1596:
1512:
1222:
847:
588:
469:
421:
413:
302:
217:
136:
104:
56:
1657:
1576:
807:
632:
621:
512:
473:
354:
268:
164:
19:
1624:
927:
497:
485:
461:
393:
144:
617:
631:
616:
602:
584:
520:
489:
441:
437:
429:
401:
387:
36:
18:
291:
Carneddau mountain range panorama, seen from the top of Moel-y-Ci
508:
504:
493:
168:
152:
127:, the rocks forming the Carneddau originated largely during the
1533:
237:
132:
224:
On the north western slopes of Drosgl there are clusters of
1513:"BBC News - Bad weather kills half of Welsh wild pony herd"
267:
by Edward I and this ended the seven-hundred-year rule of
259:(1238-1283). It was in a bog in the northern foothills of
179:
involving continental landmasses on either side of the
208:
across the uplands. There are more than one thousand
71:. The range also encloses a number of lakes such as
1633:
1595:
1567:
135:(million years ago). Principal among these are the
301:Llyn Ogwen was reputed to be the place from which
151:age (459-449 Ma) Nant Ffrancon Subgroup and the
212:on the Carneddau estate (the land owned by the
1545:
591:are found passing through the upper slopes.
424:can be found at lower elevations, along with
8:
1561:Welsh mountains over 3000 feet (Welsh 3000s)
332:The peaks in the central Carnedd ridge are:
204:people who cleared more forests and erected
49:plural form, and is sometimes anglicised to
1741:Mountains and hills of Conwy County Borough
1410:Pryce, Huw; Insley, Charles (eds.) (2005).
40:
29:
1552:
1538:
1530:
645:
448:and in damp crevices under rocks the rare
484:and the summit ridge has prostrate dwarf
159:. These are overlain by the sandstones,
1318:
468:. The better-drained rocky slopes have
275:and the end of independence for Wales.
1439:
1429:
587:inhabits the Nant Ffrancon Valley and
255:(1172-1240), and his grandson Prince
216:, which covers the Carneddau and the
7:
1356:
1354:
1352:
1350:
1348:
1346:
1344:
246:English castles encircled Snowdonia
1413:The Acts of Welsh Rulers 1120-1283
83:waterfall. It is delimited by the
14:
571:are all at home here, as are the
192:This area was first colonised in
1751:Mountains and hills of Snowdonia
583:nest beside the lakes, the rare
280:
1669:Garnedd Uchaf/Carnedd Gwenllian
444:. Higher up on scree there are
1746:Mountains and hills of Gwynedd
1511:Bomford, Andrew (2013-04-18).
535:. Birds breeding here include
531:, and an increasing number of
503:Until five hundred years ago,
244:in this part of Wales and the
1:
1416:. University of Wales Press.
392:Wild ponies on the flanks of
351:(1,064 metres, 3,491 ft)
345:(1,044 metres, 3,425 ft)
271:by the family descended from
1329:. British Geological Survey
1284:
1264:
1245:
1226:
1207:
1188:
1169:
1150:
1131:
1111:
1091:
1071:
1052:
1032:
1012:
992:
972:
969:Creigiau Gleision North Top
952:
931:
911:
891:
871:
851:
831:
811:
791:
771:
751:
731:
711:
691:
671:
375:(942 metres, 3,091 ft)
369:(926 metres, 3,038 ft)
363:(976 metres, 3,202 ft)
357:(962 metres, 3,156 ft)
339:(978 metres, 3,209 ft)
131:period between 485 and 444
1767:
1363:The Carneddau and Glyderau
1361:Firbank, Johanna (1999).
742:Nuttall, Hewitt, Marilyn
722:Nuttall, Hewitt, Marilyn
702:Nuttall, Hewitt, Marilyn
682:Nuttall, Hewitt, Marilyn
30:
242:King Edward I of England
175:taking place during the
173:plate tectonic processes
155:etc. of the Caradoc age
91:to the east, and by the
157:Llewelyn Volcanic Group
16:Mountain group in Wales
1365:. The National Trust.
643:
629:
614:
452:. Boggy areas support
396:
41:
24:
1391:The Megalithic Portal
639:, at the foot of the
635:
620:
606:
391:
111:to the south and the
22:
688:Pen Llithrig y Wrach
527:(probably extinct),
107:(to the north), the
1577:Snowdon (Yr Wyddfa)
450:Wilson's filmy fern
1442:has generic name (
1387:"Moel Faban Cairn"
1327:"GeoIndex Onshore"
644:
630:
615:
482:cross-leaved heath
397:
257:Dafydd ap Gruffudd
253:Llywelyn the Great
177:Caledonian orogeny
87:to the north, the
25:
1683:
1682:
1298:
1297:
1282:/ Conwy Mountain
948:Carnedd Gwenllian
708:Creigiau Gleision
581:Common sandpipers
367:Carnedd Gwenllian
210:ancient monuments
125:much of Snowdonia
65:Wales and England
55:) are a group of
1758:
1653:Carnedd Llewelyn
1554:
1547:
1540:
1531:
1524:
1523:
1521:
1520:
1508:
1502:
1501:
1499:
1498:
1483:
1477:
1476:
1474:
1473:
1464:. Archived from
1454:
1448:
1447:
1441:
1437:
1435:
1427:
1407:
1401:
1400:
1398:
1397:
1383:
1377:
1376:
1358:
1339:
1338:
1336:
1334:
1323:
1307:Carneddau ponies
1292:
1272:
1253:
1234:
1215:
1196:
1177:
1158:
1139:
1119:
1099:
1079:
1060:
1040:
1020:
1000:
983:Nuttall, Hewitt
980:
963:Nuttall, Hewitt
960:
950:(Carnedd Uchaf)
942:Nuttall, Hewitt
939:
922:Nuttall, Hewitt
919:
902:Nuttall, Hewitt
899:
882:Nuttall, Hewitt
879:
862:Nuttall, Hewitt
859:
842:Nuttall, Hewitt
839:
822:Nuttall, Hewitt
819:
802:Nuttall, Hewitt
799:
782:Nuttall, Hewitt
779:
762:Nuttall, Hewitt
759:
739:
719:
699:
679:
668:Carnedd Llewelyn
646:
626:Carnedd Llewelyn
349:Carnedd Llewelyn
284:
147:(478-470 Ma) to
44:
33:
32:
1766:
1765:
1761:
1760:
1759:
1757:
1756:
1755:
1686:
1685:
1684:
1679:
1629:
1591:
1563:
1558:
1528:
1527:
1518:
1516:
1510:
1509:
1505:
1496:
1494:
1493:. 25 April 2013
1485:
1484:
1480:
1471:
1469:
1456:
1455:
1451:
1438:
1428:
1424:
1409:
1408:
1404:
1395:
1393:
1385:
1384:
1380:
1373:
1360:
1359:
1342:
1332:
1330:
1325:
1324:
1320:
1315:
1303:
1288:
1268:
1249:
1230:
1211:
1192:
1173:
1154:
1135:
1115:
1095:
1075:
1056:
1049:Carnedd y Ddelw
1036:
1016:
996:
976:
956:
935:
915:
895:
875:
868:Pen yr Helgi Du
855:
835:
815:
795:
775:
755:
735:
715:
695:
675:
657:Grid reference
601:
599:List of summits
386:
384:Flora and fauna
323:
305:failed to draw
299:
294:
293:
292:
290:
285:
206:standing stones
190:
123:In common with
121:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1764:
1762:
1754:
1753:
1748:
1743:
1738:
1733:
1728:
1726:Llanfairfechan
1723:
1718:
1713:
1708:
1703:
1698:
1696:Abergwyngregyn
1688:
1687:
1681:
1680:
1678:
1677:
1672:
1665:
1660:
1655:
1650:
1648:Carnedd Dafydd
1645:
1643:Pen yr Ole Wen
1639:
1637:
1631:
1630:
1628:
1627:
1622:
1617:
1612:
1607:
1601:
1599:
1593:
1592:
1590:
1589:
1584:
1579:
1573:
1571:
1569:Snowdon Massif
1565:
1564:
1559:
1557:
1556:
1549:
1542:
1534:
1526:
1525:
1503:
1478:
1462:The Snowdonian
1449:
1422:
1402:
1378:
1371:
1340:
1317:
1316:
1314:
1311:
1310:
1309:
1302:
1299:
1296:
1295:
1293:
1286:
1283:
1276:
1275:
1273:
1266:
1263:
1257:
1256:
1254:
1247:
1244:
1238:
1237:
1235:
1228:
1225:
1219:
1218:
1216:
1209:
1206:
1200:
1199:
1197:
1190:
1187:
1181:
1180:
1178:
1171:
1168:
1162:
1161:
1159:
1152:
1149:
1143:
1142:
1140:
1133:
1130:
1124:
1123:
1120:
1113:
1110:
1104:
1103:
1100:
1093:
1090:
1084:
1083:
1080:
1073:
1070:
1064:
1063:
1061:
1054:
1051:
1045:
1044:
1041:
1034:
1031:
1025:
1024:
1021:
1014:
1011:
1005:
1004:
1001:
994:
991:
985:
984:
981:
974:
971:
965:
964:
961:
954:
951:
944:
943:
940:
933:
930:
924:
923:
920:
913:
910:
904:
903:
900:
893:
890:
884:
883:
880:
873:
870:
864:
863:
860:
853:
850:
844:
843:
840:
833:
830:
824:
823:
820:
813:
810:
804:
803:
800:
793:
790:
784:
783:
780:
773:
770:
768:Pen yr Ole Wen
764:
763:
760:
753:
750:
748:Carnedd Dafydd
744:
743:
740:
733:
730:
724:
723:
720:
713:
710:
704:
703:
700:
693:
690:
684:
683:
680:
673:
670:
664:
663:
658:
655:
650:
608:Pen yr Ole Wen
600:
597:
537:common buzzard
385:
382:
377:
376:
370:
364:
358:
352:
346:
343:Carnedd Dafydd
340:
337:Pen yr Ole Wen
322:
319:
298:
295:
287:
286:
279:
278:
277:
273:Cunedda Wledig
214:National Trust
189:
186:
120:
117:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1763:
1752:
1749:
1747:
1744:
1742:
1739:
1737:
1734:
1732:
1729:
1727:
1724:
1722:
1719:
1717:
1714:
1712:
1709:
1707:
1704:
1702:
1699:
1697:
1694:
1693:
1691:
1676:
1673:
1671:
1670:
1666:
1664:
1661:
1659:
1656:
1654:
1651:
1649:
1646:
1644:
1641:
1640:
1638:
1636:
1632:
1626:
1623:
1621:
1618:
1616:
1613:
1611:
1608:
1606:
1603:
1602:
1600:
1598:
1594:
1588:
1585:
1583:
1582:Garnedd Ugain
1580:
1578:
1575:
1574:
1572:
1570:
1566:
1562:
1555:
1550:
1548:
1543:
1541:
1536:
1535:
1532:
1514:
1507:
1504:
1492:
1488:
1482:
1479:
1468:on 2013-06-15
1467:
1463:
1459:
1453:
1450:
1445:
1440:|first2=
1433:
1425:
1419:
1415:
1414:
1406:
1403:
1392:
1388:
1382:
1379:
1374:
1372:0-7078-0300-4
1368:
1364:
1357:
1355:
1353:
1351:
1349:
1347:
1345:
1341:
1328:
1322:
1319:
1312:
1308:
1305:
1304:
1300:
1294:
1291:
1287:
1281:
1280:Mynydd y Dref
1278:
1277:
1274:
1271:
1267:
1262:
1259:
1258:
1255:
1252:
1248:
1243:
1240:
1239:
1236:
1233:
1229:
1224:
1221:
1220:
1217:
1214:
1210:
1205:
1202:
1201:
1198:
1195:
1191:
1186:
1183:
1182:
1179:
1176:
1172:
1167:
1164:
1163:
1160:
1157:
1153:
1148:
1145:
1144:
1141:
1138:
1134:
1129:
1126:
1125:
1121:
1118:
1114:
1109:
1108:Pen y Castell
1106:
1105:
1101:
1098:
1094:
1089:
1086:
1085:
1081:
1078:
1074:
1069:
1066:
1065:
1062:
1059:
1055:
1050:
1047:
1046:
1042:
1039:
1035:
1030:
1027:
1026:
1022:
1019:
1015:
1010:
1007:
1006:
1002:
999:
995:
990:
987:
986:
982:
979:
975:
970:
967:
966:
962:
959:
955:
949:
946:
945:
941:
938:
934:
929:
926:
925:
921:
918:
914:
909:
906:
905:
901:
898:
894:
889:
886:
885:
881:
878:
874:
869:
866:
865:
861:
858:
854:
849:
846:
845:
841:
838:
834:
829:
826:
825:
821:
818:
814:
809:
806:
805:
801:
798:
794:
789:
786:
785:
781:
778:
774:
769:
766:
765:
761:
758:
754:
749:
746:
745:
741:
738:
734:
729:
726:
725:
721:
718:
714:
709:
706:
705:
701:
698:
694:
689:
686:
685:
681:
678:
674:
669:
666:
665:
662:
659:
656:
654:
651:
648:
647:
642:
638:
634:
627:
623:
619:
613:
612:Ogwen Cottage
610:rising above
609:
605:
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1517:. Retrieved
1506:
1495:. Retrieved
1490:
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1470:. Retrieved
1466:the original
1461:
1452:
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1405:
1394:. Retrieved
1390:
1381:
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1331:. Retrieved
1321:
1029:Craig Eigiau
640:
593:
577:meadow pipit
525:pine martens
502:
478:bell heather
466:bog asphodel
458:marsh orchid
454:cotton grass
398:
378:
331:
324:
303:Sir Bedivere
300:
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196:times, when
191:
163:, tuffs and
122:
97:Betws-y-Coed
89:Conwy valley
51:
50:
28:
26:
1731:Penmaenmawr
1721:Llanllechid
1706:Capel Curig
1620:Glyder Fach
1615:Glyder Fawr
1605:Elidir Fawr
1515:. Bbc.co.uk
1458:"Carneddau"
1261:Penmaenbach
1009:Foel Meirch
559:. The rare
418:red campion
327:the country
307:King Arthur
77:Llyn Eigiau
73:Llyn Cowlyd
35:(lit. 'the
1690:Categories
1663:Foel Grach
1519:2013-04-27
1497:2013-04-27
1472:2013-02-26
1423:0708318975
1396:2013-02-27
1313:References
1166:Moel Eilio
1147:Moel Wnion
1068:Gyrn Wigau
788:Foel Grach
637:Aber Falls
561:ring ouzel
410:wood avens
361:Foel Grach
315:Henry VIII
265:Shrewsbury
234:hill forts
202:Bronze Age
161:siltstones
141:sandstones
129:Ordovician
81:Aber Falls
79:, and the
1716:Dolgarrog
1675:Foel-fras
1635:Carneddau
1587:Crib Goch
1432:cite book
1185:Craig Wen
1128:Foel Lwyd
1088:Craiglwyn
989:Bera Bach
888:Bera Mawr
828:Foel-fras
728:Tal y Fan
653:Elevation
641:Carneddau
589:dotterels
569:stonechat
549:peregrine
513:red foxes
373:Foel-fras
321:Geography
311:Excalibur
309:'s sword
261:Bera Mawr
198:Stone Age
194:Neolithic
137:mudstones
85:Irish Sea
61:Snowdonia
57:mountains
42:Carneddau
31:Carneddau
1597:Glyderau
1491:BBC News
1333:25 April
1301:See also
1290:SH759778
1270:SH748780
1251:SH745772
1232:SH776624
1223:Grinllwm
1213:SH732761
1204:Foel Lûs
1194:SH729602
1175:SH747659
1156:SH649697
1137:SH720723
1122:Nuttall
1117:SH721688
1102:Nuttall
1097:SH730608
1082:Nuttall
1077:SH730608
1058:SH707705
1043:Nuttall
1038:SH713654
1023:Nuttall
1018:SH656637
1003:Nuttall
998:SH672677
978:SH730608
958:SH687669
937:SH664679
917:SH708695
897:SH674682
877:SH698630
857:SH689692
848:Llwytmor
837:SH696681
817:SH673650
797:SH688658
777:SH655619
757:SH663630
737:SH729726
717:SH729615
697:SH716623
677:SH683644
575:and the
567:and the
565:wheatear
529:polecats
523:, a few
470:bilberry
434:hawthorn
422:roseroot
414:angelica
226:Iron Age
218:Glyderau
165:tuffites
101:Bethesda
52:Carnedds
1736:Trefriw
1701:Caerhun
1658:Yr Elen
1242:Alltwen
808:Yr Elen
624:, with
622:Yr Elen
573:skylark
541:kestrel
498:lichens
486:willows
355:Yr Elen
269:Gwynedd
188:History
149:Caradoc
143:of the
119:Geology
93:A5 road
1625:Tryfan
1610:Y Garn
1420:
1369:
928:Drosgl
661:Status
628:behind
563:, the
557:chough
545:merlin
533:otters
505:wolves
494:mosses
490:sedges
462:sundew
402:fenced
394:Drosgl
297:Legend
145:Arenig
37:cairns
1711:Conwy
649:Peak
585:twite
553:raven
517:moles
442:rowan
438:holly
430:alder
169:lavas
153:tuffs
95:from
47:Welsh
45:is a
1444:help
1418:ISBN
1367:ISBN
1335:2022
908:Drum
752:1044
672:1064
555:and
547:and
521:mice
509:deer
507:and
496:and
480:and
474:ling
464:and
440:and
420:and
404:out
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1285:244
1265:245
1246:255
1227:287
1208:362
1189:543
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1053:688
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