1900:
121:
3411:
3417:
1787:
3967:
1708:
1350:
1078:
948:
147:
1047:
1659:
1294:
913:
3997:
1610:
1235:
1507:, dropping it from their taxon list. The resulting cladogram (below) found Centrosaurini as a polytomy, a grouping with no discernable sister group relationships within it. The authors concluded that this meant the variation present within these species made it difficult to find any real resolution among them, and may even provide support for the hypothesis that centrosaurines evolved primarily via
3973:
1941:
1928:
of animals whose social structures are ranked hierarchies founded on age-related differences. In these sorts of groups, young males are typically sexually mature for several years before actually beginning to breed, when their mating signals are most fully developed. Females, by contrast, do not have
2706:
Tanke, D.H. and Brett-Surman, M.K. 2001. Evidence of
Hatchling and Nestling-Size Hadrosaurs (Reptilia:Ornithischia) from Dinosaur Provincial Park (Dinosaur Park Formation: Campanian), Alberta, Canada. pp. 206–218. In: Mesozoic Vertebrate Life—New Research Inspired by the Paleontology of Philip
718:, all adult centrosaurines have spike-like ornaments midway up the skull. Morphometric analysis shows that centrosaurines differ from other ceratopsian groups in skull, snout, and frill shapes. There is evidence to suggest that male centrosaurines had an extended period of adolescence, and sexual
1977:
2515:
789:. Some features that have traditionally been used to classify these dinosaurs, like the number and arrangement of frill ornaments or spikes, have been discovered to be more variable than previously thought. For example, the
2702:
Sampson, S. D., 2001, Speculations on the socioecology of
Ceratopsid dinosaurs (Orinthischia: Neoceratopsia): In: Mesozoic Vertebrate Life, edited by Tanke, D. H., and Carpenter, K., Indiana University Press,
1494:
have shown a higher than predicted amount of variation. In 2020, Holmes et al. explored what the effect of recognizing such diversity would have on centrosaur classification. They used the same data as Chiba
1845:
dinosaur groups from North
America have also been found in Asia, so the initial absence of Asian centrosaurines had been surprising. The current evidence suggests that Centrosaurinae originated in
1978:"The oldest centrosaurine: a new ceratopsid dinosaur (Dinosauria: Ceratopsidae) from the Allison Member of the Menefee Formation (Upper Cretaceous, early Campanian), northwestern New Mexico, USA"
2682:
Sampson, S. D. (1995b). "Two new horned dinosaurs from the Upper
Cretaceous Two Medicine Formation of Montana; with a phylogenetic analysis of the Centrosaurinae (Ornithischia: Ceratopsidae)".
1486:
However, subsequent studies have cast doubt on the usefulness of minor variations in frill spike arrangement for classifying centrosaurines. In particular, large sample sizes of the species
2364:
Fiorillo, Anthony R. & Gangloff, Roland A. (2001). "Theropod teeth from the Prince Creek
Formation (Cretaceous) of northern Alaska, with speculations on Arctic dinosaur paleoecology".
1924:
did not achieve fully developed mating signals until nearly fully grown. Scott D. Sampson found commonality between the slow growth of mating signals in centrosaurines and the extended
1823:, Mexico, is the southernmost occurrence of a centrosaurine in North America. No centrosaurine fossils had been uncovered outside Western North America until the 2010 discovery of
1770:, a species from Alaska. The substituent clade Pachyrostra, compromising centrosaurs with bossed instead of horned noses, is defined as "the least inclusive clade including both
712:
Defining features of centrosaurines include a large nasal horn, short supratemporal horns, and an ornamented frill projecting from the back of the skull. With the exception of
2218:"Macroevolutionary patterns in cranial and lower jaw shape of ceratopsian dinosaurs (Dinosauria, Ornithischia): phylogeny, morphological integration, and evolutionary rates"
2544:"A New Centrosaurine Ceratopsid, Machairoceratops cronusi gen et sp. nov., from the Upper Sand Member of the Wahweap Formation (Middle Campanian), Southern Utah"
785:
The classification of centrosaurines and the relationships among the various species is complicated by a wide degree of variation between individuals and
134:
3410:
2732:
2463:
Xu, Xing; Wang, KeBai; Zhao, XiJin; Li, DunJing (2010-06-01). "First ceratopsid dinosaur from China and its biogeographical implications".
1899:
1758:
Pachyrhinosaurini was defined in 2012 by
Fiorillo & Tykoski. It was defined as all centrosaurine ceratopsids more closely related to
2325:
Holmes RB, Persons WS, Rupal, BS, Qureshi, AJ, Currie PJ (2020). "Morphological variation and asymmetrical development in the skull of
3416:
1802:
Centrosaurine fossils have mostly been found in
Western North America (Alberta, Montana, and Alaska). In the United States, two taxa,
120:
2286:
Kentaro Chiba; Michael J. Ryan; Federico Fanti; Mark A. Loewen; David C. Evans (2018). "New material and systematic re-evaluation of
2622:
2399:
Madzia, Daniel; Arbour, Victoria M.; Boyd, Clint A.; Farke, Andrew A.; Cruzado-Caballero, Penélope; Evans, David C. (2021-12-09).
3990:
2516:"A new Late Cretaceous (early Campanian) vertebrate fauna from the Allison Member, Menefee Formation, San Juan Basin, New Mexico"
1954:
1511:(a single lineage changing through time) rather than cladogenesis (multiple branching lineages with shared common ancestors).
1795:
805:, and recovered several distinct clades within Centrosaurini, which together formed a sister group to the Pachyrhinosaurini:
1887:
was more typical for this group at only 67 centimetres (26 in). In general, centrosaurines were about the size of a
146:
3966:
2173:
Ryan, Michael J. (2007-03-01). "A new basal centrosaurine ceratopsid from the oldman formation, southeastern alberta".
2131:"Craniofacial ontogeny in centrosaurine dinosaurs (Ornithischia: Ceratopsidae): taxonomic and behavioral implications"
1344:
765:
1905:
1653:
1390:
1288:
1041:
1024:
993:
1881:
is an exception, with an estimated skull length of 180 centimetres (71 in). By contrast, the skull length of
2247:"A basal ceratopsid (Centrosaurinae: Nasutoceratopsini) from the Oldman Formation (Campanian) of Alberta, Canada"
1626:
1373:
1155:
2377:
2823:
2725:
850:
2186:
739:. The centrosaurines are further divided into three tribes: the Nasutoceratopsini, the Centrosaurini, and the
1859:
would have migrated to China from North
America. Some hypothesize that centrosaurines originated in southern
4097:
2941:
2069:"A remarkable short-snouted horned dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous (late Campanian) of southern Laramidia"
1786:
4017:
1570:
1188:
1072:
2067:
Sampson, Scott D.; Lund, Eric K.; Loewen, Mark A.; Farke, Andrew A.; Clayton, Katherine E. (2013-09-07).
769:. Until 2016, the only division used was Pachyrhinosaurini, which is defined as centrosaurines closer to
4064:
4000:
2850:
2707:
J. Currie. Edited by D.H. Tanke and K. Carpenter. Indiana
University Press: Bloomington. xviii + 577 pp.
1917:
1685:
1604:
1320:
1229:
942:
833:
749:
3972:
2520:
New Mexico's Fossil Record 1. Albuquerque: New Mexico Museum of
Natural History and Science Bulletin 11
709:(modern day Alberta, Montana, and Alaska) but isolated taxa have been found in China and Utah as well.
1976:
Dalman, Sebastian G.; Lucas, Spencer G.; Jasinki, Steven G.; Lichtig, Asher J.; Dodson, Peter (2021).
4092:
2555:
2472:
1587:
1212:
1094:
893:
755:
290:
4055:
3106:
2718:
719:
2217:
1707:
1349:
3826:
3776:
3208:
2496:
2381:
2346:
2307:
2198:
2005:
1138:
661:
466:
141:
1077:
4069:
947:
3909:
3847:
3810:
3284:
3171:
2628:
2618:
2591:
2573:
2488:
2440:
2422:
2268:
2245:
Ryan, Michael J.; Holmes, Robert; Mallon, Jordan; Loewen, Mark; Evans, David C. (2016-10-27).
2190:
2152:
2106:
2088:
1997:
1814:
1274:
1046:
879:
759:
and centrosaurins are defined as centrosaurines (more specifically eucentrosaurans) closer to
740:
496:
3939:
3737:
3562:
3264:
2959:
2691:
2581:
2563:
2480:
2430:
2412:
2373:
2338:
2299:
2258:
2182:
2142:
2096:
2080:
2040:
1989:
1946:
1808:
1702:
645:
334:
2613:
Dinosaurs : the most complete, up-to-date encyclopedia for dinosaur lovers of all ages
1658:
1293:
912:
3833:
3785:
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3583:
3534:
3236:
3160:
3115:
2989:
2975:
2934:
2808:
2792:
1883:
1851:
1842:
476:
409:
344:
39:
2559:
2476:
3840:
3799:
3730:
3688:
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3643:
3604:
3590:
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3347:
3257:
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3215:
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2948:
2586:
2543:
2435:
2400:
2147:
2130:
2101:
2068:
1921:
1872:
1804:
1791:
736:
726:
691:
486:
429:
324:
313:
270:
223:
2542:
Lund, Eric K.; O’Connor, Patrick M.; Loewen, Mark A.; Jinnah, Zubair A. (2016-05-18).
1609:
1234:
4086:
3918:
3897:
3867:
3858:
3758:
3652:
3597:
3576:
3548:
3541:
3527:
3520:
3326:
3315:
3308:
3250:
3243:
3229:
3187:
3122:
3088:
3059:
3012:
2611:
2500:
2385:
2350:
2311:
2202:
2009:
1117:
635:
613:
569:
364:
78:
1849:
90-80 million years ago, with the discovery of the oldest known centrosaurine,
3932:
3883:
3876:
3792:
3765:
3751:
3659:
3632:
3625:
3618:
3569:
3555:
3447:
3434:
3365:
3354:
3339:
3301:
3293:
3275:
3180:
3146:
3129:
3081:
3074:
3030:
2835:
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2695:
1877:
1825:
731:
714:
699:
603:
549:
539:
419:
374:
354:
279:
252:
207:
129:
2342:
2290:(Dinosauria, Ceratopsidae) from the Judith River Formation (Campanian, Montana)".
2568:
4049:
3925:
3819:
3702:
3666:
3489:
3201:
3066:
1925:
1671:
1306:
593:
456:
384:
53:
1993:
705:. Centrosaurine fossil remains are known primarily from the northern region of
3695:
3611:
3461:
3194:
2982:
2916:
2903:
2862:
2741:
2484:
1936:
1888:
1508:
695:
239:
98:
63:
4040:
2632:
2577:
2492:
2426:
2272:
2194:
2156:
2092:
2001:
17:
2216:
Maiorino, Leonardo; Farke, Andrew A; Kotsakis, Tassos; Piras, Paolo (2017).
1860:
1846:
790:
706:
158:
103:
47:
2595:
2444:
2263:
2246:
2110:
2084:
2669:"Sociological Correlates in Extant Vertebrates," Sampson (2001); page 265.
2045:
2024:
1790:
Skull of an unnamed nasutoceratopsin exhibited in the Museo del Mamuth in
4034:
3496:
3482:
3475:
3038:
2774:
2765:
1830:
1820:
786:
702:
191:
178:
93:
88:
73:
68:
58:
2417:
2303:
3890:
3052:
2996:
2029:
from the North Slope (Prince Creek Formation: Maastrichtian) of Alaska"
559:
108:
83:
2759:
1913:
168:
4011:
2129:
Sampson, Scott D.; Ryan, Michael J.; Tanke, Darren H. (1997-11-01).
1898:
1834:
1785:
747:(2016). Nasutoceratopsins are defined as centrosaurines closer to
1891:
with body lengths ranging from 2.5–8 metres (8.2–26.2 ft).
4015:
3432:
2901:
2752:
2714:
2665:
2663:
2657:"Retarded Growth of Mating Signals," Sampson (2001); page 270.
2518:. In Lucas, SG; Estep, JW; Williamson, TE; Morgan, GS (eds.).
793:
presented below follows a 2016 phylogenetic analysis by Chiba
2710:
2025:"A new Maastrichtian species of the centrosaurine ceratopsid
2653:
2651:
2378:
10.1671/0272-4634(2000)020[0675:TTFTPC]2.0.CO;2
2401:"The phylogenetic nomenclature of ornithischian dinosaurs"
2187:
10.1666/0022-3360(2007)81[376:ANBCCF]2.0.CO;2
1916:
sized centrosaurine fossils have been documented in the
1875:, centrosaurines are relatively small. The primitive
2645:"Abstract," Tanke and Brett-Surman (2001). Page 207.
2023:
Fiorillo, Anthony R. and Tykoski, Ronald S. (2012).
641:
631:
620:
609:
599:
589:
578:
565:
555:
545:
535:
520:
505:
492:
482:
472:
462:
452:
437:
425:
415:
405:
390:
380:
370:
360:
350:
340:
330:
320:
309:
286:
4024:
3908:
3866:
3857:
3809:
3775:
3716:
3642:
3506:
3445:
3364:
3325:
3283:
3274:
3170:
3144:
3105:
3010:
2958:
2914:
2861:
2834:
2807:
2610:
1837:. However, some authors question the placement of
694:, meaning "pointed lizards") is a subfamily of
2726:
8:
1971:
1969:
1766:. It was defined during the description of
725:Centrosaurinae was named by paleontologist
4012:
3863:
3722:
3512:
3453:
3442:
3429:
3331:
3280:
3152:
3022:
3018:
2926:
2922:
2911:
2898:
2840:
2813:
2804:
2749:
2733:
2719:
2711:
797:(2017). These authors treated the species
119:
31:
2585:
2567:
2434:
2416:
2262:
2146:
2135:Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society
2100:
2044:
1812:, have been found as far south as Utah.
1965:
1903:Hypothesised ontogenic development of
2458:
2456:
2454:
7:
2240:
2238:
2168:
2166:
2124:
2122:
2120:
2062:
2060:
2058:
2056:
1677:
1645:
1562:
1531:
1524:
1514:
1365:
1336:
1312:
1280:
1204:
1180:
1130:
1123:
1113:
1016:
1009:
985:
885:
875:
825:
818:
808:
2684:Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology
2366:Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology
2251:Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences
2148:10.1111/j.1096-3642.1997.tb00340.x
25:
1855:further proving this. This means
1841:within Centrosaurinae. All other
3996:
3995:
3971:
3965:
3415:
3409:
1955:Timeline of ceratopsian research
1939:
1871:Compared to their sister group,
1706:
1657:
1608:
1348:
1292:
1233:
1076:
1045:
946:
911:
722:did not appear until adulthood.
145:
698:, a group of large quadrupedal
2696:10.1080/02724634.1995.10011259
1929:such an extended adolescence.
135:Palaeontological Museum Munich
27:Extinct subfamily of dinosaurs
1:
2343:10.1016/j.cretres.2019.104308
2225:Evolutionary Ecology Research
2033:Acta Palaeontologica Polonica
2569:10.1371/journal.pone.0154403
627:Fiorillo & Tykoski, 2012
1772:Pachyrhinosaurus canadensis
1760:Pachyrhinosaurus canadensis
1345:Pachyrhinosaurus canadensis
771:Pachyrhinosaurus canadensis
766:Pachyrhinosaurus canadensis
4114:
1994:10.1007/s12542-021-00555-w
1920:. Research indicates that
1906:Pachyrhinosaurus perotorum
1863:and later radiated north.
1768:Pachyrhinosaurus perotorum
1654:Einiosaurus procurvicornis
1499:s 2017 study, but treated
1391:Pachyrhinosaurus perotorum
1289:Einiosaurus procurvicornis
1042:Wendiceratops pinhornensis
1025:Sinoceratops zhuchengensis
994:Xenoceratops foremostensis
3985:
3963:
3725:
3515:
3456:
3441:
3428:
3406:
3334:
3155:
3025:
3021:
2929:
2925:
2910:
2897:
2843:
2816:
2803:
2748:
2485:10.1007/s11434-009-3614-5
2327:Styracosaurus albertensis
1699:
1682:
1675:
1650:
1643:
1627:Styracosaurus albertensis
1623:
1601:
1584:
1567:
1560:
1536:
1529:
1522:
1492:Styracosaurus albertensis
1387:
1374:Pachyrhinosaurus lakustai
1370:
1363:
1341:
1334:
1317:
1310:
1285:
1278:
1226:
1209:
1202:
1185:
1178:
1156:Styracosaurus albertensis
1152:
1135:
1128:
1121:
1111:
1091:
1069:
1038:
1021:
1014:
1007:
990:
983:
961:
939:
926:
908:
890:
883:
873:
847:
830:
823:
816:
803:Styracosaurus albertensis
667:
660:
306:
301:
285:
278:
142:Scientific classification
140:
130:Centrosaurus "nasicornus"
127:
118:
34:
2465:Chinese Science Bulletin
1819:a nasutoceratopsin from
851:Machairoceratops cronusi
2942:Micropachycephalosaurus
2514:Williamson, TE (1997).
2292:Journal of Paleontology
2175:Journal of Paleontology
2264:10.1139/cjes-2016-0110
2085:10.1098/rspb.2013.1186
1909:
1799:
1796:municipality of Aldama
1571:Coronosaurus brinkmani
1189:Coronosaurus brinkmani
1073:Albertaceratops nesmoi
4065:Paleobiology Database
2609:Rey, Luis V. (2007).
2046:10.4202/app.2011.0033
1918:scientific literature
1902:
1789:
1776:Achelousaurus horneri
1686:Achelousaurus horneri
1605:Spinops sternbergorum
1321:Achelousaurus horneri
1230:Spinops sternbergorum
943:Nasutoceratops titusi
834:Diabloceratops eatoni
750:Nasutoceratops titusi
2288:Medusaceratops lokii
1764:Centrosaurus apertus
1588:Centrosaurus apertus
1488:Centrosaurus apertus
1213:Centrosaurus apertus
1095:Medusaceratops lokii
894:Avaceratops lammersi
775:Centrosaurus apertus
761:Centrosaurus apertus
756:Centrosaurus apertus
715:Centrosaurus apertus
291:Centrosaurus apertus
3107:Archaeoceratopsidae
2560:2016PLoSO..1154403L
2477:2010ChSBu..55.1631X
2418:10.7717/peerj.12362
2331:Cretaceous Research
2304:10.1017/jpa.2017.62
670:Pachyrhinosaurinae
3827:Crittendenceratops
3777:Albertaceratopsini
2079:(1766): 20131186.
1910:
1800:
1139:Rubeosaurus ovatus
799:Rubeosaurus ovatus
467:Crittendenceratops
394:Albertaceratopsini
4080:
4079:
4018:Taxon identifiers
4009:
4008:
3981:
3980:
3961:
3960:
3957:
3956:
3953:
3952:
3949:
3948:
3910:Pachyrhinosaurini
3848:Yehuecauhceratops
3811:Nasutoceratopsini
3712:
3711:
3424:
3423:
3404:
3403:
3400:
3399:
3396:
3395:
3392:
3391:
3388:
3387:
3384:
3383:
3285:Protoceratopsidae
3172:Leptoceratopsidae
3140:
3139:
3006:
3005:
2893:
2892:
2889:
2888:
2885:
2884:
2881:
2880:
2703:pp. 263–276.
2471:(16): 1631–1635.
1831:Shandong Province
1815:Yehuecauhceratops
1755:
1754:
1746:
1745:
1737:
1736:
1728:
1727:
1719:
1718:
1640:Pachyrhinosaurini
1549:
1548:
1539:Nasutoceratopsini
1483:
1482:
1474:
1473:
1465:
1464:
1456:
1455:
1447:
1446:
1438:
1437:
1429:
1428:
1420:
1419:
1411:
1410:
1402:
1401:
1275:Pachyrhinosaurini
1264:
1263:
1255:
1254:
1246:
1245:
1167:
1166:
1058:
1057:
972:
971:
880:Nasutoceratopsini
862:
861:
801:as distinct from
741:Pachyrhinosaurini
685:
684:
679:
673:
628:
586:
582:Pachyrhinosaurini
532:
517:
497:Yehuecauhceratops
449:
441:Nasutoceratopsini
402:
274:
16:(Redirected from
4105:
4073:
4072:
4060:
4059:
4058:
4045:
4044:
4043:
4013:
3999:
3998:
3976:
3975:
3969:
3940:Pachyrhinosaurus
3864:
3738:Machairoceratops
3723:
3563:Coahuilaceratops
3513:
3454:
3443:
3430:
3419:
3414:
3413:
3332:
3281:
3265:Zhuchengceratops
3153:
3023:
3019:
2960:Chaoyangsauridae
2927:
2923:
2912:
2899:
2841:
2814:
2805:
2798:
2797:
2750:
2735:
2728:
2721:
2712:
2699:
2670:
2667:
2658:
2655:
2646:
2643:
2637:
2636:
2617:. Random House.
2616:
2606:
2600:
2599:
2589:
2571:
2539:
2533:
2531:
2529:
2527:
2522:. pp. 51–59
2511:
2505:
2504:
2460:
2449:
2448:
2438:
2420:
2396:
2390:
2389:
2361:
2355:
2354:
2322:
2316:
2315:
2283:
2277:
2276:
2266:
2242:
2233:
2232:
2222:
2213:
2207:
2206:
2170:
2161:
2160:
2150:
2126:
2115:
2114:
2104:
2064:
2051:
2050:
2048:
2027:Pachyrhinosaurus
2020:
2014:
2013:
1973:
1949:
1947:Dinosaurs portal
1944:
1943:
1942:
1809:Machairoceratops
1710:
1703:Pachyrhinosaurus
1678:
1661:
1646:
1612:
1563:
1532:
1525:
1515:
1503:as a synonym of
1366:
1352:
1337:
1313:
1296:
1281:
1237:
1205:
1181:
1131:
1124:
1114:
1080:
1049:
1017:
1010:
986:
963:Malta new taxon
950:
915:
886:
876:
826:
819:
809:
677:
671:
646:Pachyrhinosaurus
643:
633:
626:
622:
611:
601:
591:
584:
580:
567:
557:
547:
537:
526:
522:
511:
507:
494:
484:
474:
464:
454:
443:
439:
427:
417:
407:
396:
392:
382:
372:
362:
352:
342:
335:Machairoceratops
332:
322:
311:
288:
269:
264:
251:
238:
222:
206:
150:
149:
123:
113:
50:
38:Temporal range:
32:
21:
4113:
4112:
4108:
4107:
4106:
4104:
4103:
4102:
4083:
4082:
4081:
4076:
4068:
4063:
4054:
4053:
4048:
4039:
4038:
4033:
4020:
4010:
4005:
3977:
3970:
3945:
3904:
3853:
3834:Furcatoceratops
3805:
3786:Albertaceratops
3771:
3745:Menefeeceratops
3708:
3681:Tatankaceratops
3638:
3584:Mercuriceratops
3535:Arrhinoceratops
3502:
3450:
3437:
3420:
3408:
3380:
3360:
3321:
3270:
3237:Montanoceratops
3166:
3161:Graciliceratops
3149:
3136:
3116:Archaeoceratops
3101:
3015:
3002:
2990:Xuanhuaceratops
2976:Hualianceratops
2954:
2935:Albalophosaurus
2919:
2906:
2877:
2857:
2830:
2824:Avemetatarsalia
2809:Avemetatarsalia
2799:
2793:Marginocephalia
2755:
2754:
2744:
2739:
2681:
2678:
2673:
2668:
2661:
2656:
2649:
2644:
2640:
2625:
2608:
2607:
2603:
2554:(5): e0154403.
2541:
2540:
2536:
2525:
2523:
2513:
2512:
2508:
2462:
2461:
2452:
2398:
2397:
2393:
2363:
2362:
2358:
2324:
2323:
2319:
2285:
2284:
2280:
2244:
2243:
2236:
2220:
2215:
2214:
2210:
2172:
2171:
2164:
2128:
2127:
2118:
2073:Proc. R. Soc. B
2066:
2065:
2054:
2022:
2021:
2017:
1975:
1974:
1967:
1963:
1945:
1940:
1938:
1935:
1897:
1884:Albertoceratops
1869:
1852:Menefeeceratops
1843:Late Cretaceous
1784:
1756:
1747:
1738:
1729:
1720:
1550:
1484:
1475:
1466:
1457:
1448:
1439:
1430:
1421:
1412:
1403:
1265:
1256:
1247:
1168:
1059:
973:
863:
783:
672:Sternberg, 1950
585:Sternberg, 1950
477:Furcatoceratops
410:Albertaceratops
345:Menefeeceratops
297:
294:
268:
262:
249:
236:
220:
204:
144:
114:
112:
111:
106:
101:
96:
91:
86:
81:
76:
71:
66:
61:
56:
45:
44:
43:
40:Late Cretaceous
36:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4111:
4109:
4101:
4100:
4098:Centrosaurines
4095:
4085:
4084:
4078:
4077:
4075:
4074:
4061:
4056:Centrosaurinae
4046:
4030:
4028:
4026:Centrosaurinae
4022:
4021:
4016:
4007:
4006:
4004:
4003:
3993:
3986:
3983:
3982:
3979:
3978:
3964:
3962:
3959:
3958:
3955:
3954:
3951:
3950:
3947:
3946:
3944:
3943:
3936:
3929:
3922:
3914:
3912:
3906:
3905:
3903:
3902:
3894:
3887:
3880:
3872:
3870:
3861:
3855:
3854:
3852:
3851:
3844:
3841:Nasutoceratops
3837:
3830:
3823:
3815:
3813:
3807:
3806:
3804:
3803:
3800:Medusaceratops
3796:
3789:
3781:
3779:
3773:
3772:
3770:
3769:
3762:
3755:
3748:
3741:
3734:
3731:Diabloceratops
3726:
3720:
3718:Centrosaurinae
3714:
3713:
3710:
3709:
3707:
3706:
3699:
3692:
3689:Titanoceratops
3685:
3677:
3674:Regaliceratops
3670:
3663:
3656:
3648:
3646:
3644:Triceratopsini
3640:
3639:
3637:
3636:
3629:
3622:
3615:
3608:
3605:Sierraceratops
3601:
3594:
3591:Navajoceratops
3587:
3580:
3573:
3566:
3559:
3552:
3545:
3538:
3531:
3524:
3516:
3510:
3508:Chasmosaurinae
3504:
3503:
3501:
3500:
3493:
3486:
3479:
3472:
3469:Brachyceratops
3465:
3457:
3451:
3446:
3439:
3438:
3433:
3426:
3425:
3422:
3421:
3407:
3405:
3402:
3401:
3398:
3397:
3394:
3393:
3390:
3389:
3386:
3385:
3382:
3381:
3379:
3378:
3377:
3376:
3370:
3368:
3362:
3361:
3359:
3358:
3351:
3348:Turanoceratops
3344:
3335:
3329:
3323:
3322:
3320:
3319:
3312:
3305:
3298:
3289:
3287:
3278:
3272:
3271:
3269:
3268:
3261:
3258:Unescoceratops
3254:
3247:
3240:
3233:
3226:
3223:Ischioceratops
3219:
3216:Gryphoceratops
3212:
3205:
3198:
3191:
3184:
3176:
3174:
3168:
3167:
3165:
3164:
3156:
3150:
3145:
3142:
3141:
3138:
3137:
3135:
3134:
3126:
3119:
3111:
3109:
3103:
3102:
3100:
3099:
3096:Sasayamagnomus
3092:
3085:
3078:
3071:
3063:
3056:
3049:
3046:Auroraceratops
3042:
3035:
3026:
3016:
3011:
3008:
3007:
3004:
3003:
3001:
3000:
2993:
2986:
2979:
2972:
2969:Chaoyangsaurus
2964:
2962:
2956:
2955:
2953:
2952:
2949:Psittacosaurus
2945:
2938:
2930:
2920:
2915:
2908:
2907:
2902:
2895:
2894:
2891:
2890:
2887:
2886:
2883:
2882:
2879:
2878:
2876:
2875:
2874:
2873:
2867:
2865:
2859:
2858:
2856:
2855:
2854:
2853:
2844:
2838:
2832:
2831:
2829:
2828:
2827:
2826:
2817:
2811:
2801:
2800:
2796:
2795:
2786:
2777:
2768:
2762:
2753:
2746:
2745:
2740:
2738:
2737:
2730:
2723:
2715:
2709:
2708:
2704:
2700:
2690:(4): 743–760.
2677:
2674:
2672:
2671:
2659:
2647:
2638:
2623:
2601:
2534:
2506:
2450:
2391:
2372:(4): 675–682.
2356:
2317:
2298:(2): 272–288.
2278:
2234:
2208:
2181:(2): 376–396.
2162:
2141:(3): 293–337.
2116:
2052:
2039:(3): 561–573.
2015:
1988:(2): 291–335.
1964:
1962:
1959:
1958:
1957:
1951:
1950:
1934:
1931:
1922:centrosaurines
1896:
1893:
1873:Chasmosaurinae
1868:
1865:
1805:Diabloceratops
1792:Chihuahua City
1783:
1780:
1753:
1752:
1749:
1748:
1744:
1743:
1740:
1739:
1735:
1734:
1731:
1730:
1726:
1725:
1722:
1721:
1717:
1716:
1713:
1712:
1698:
1695:
1694:
1691:
1690:
1681:
1676:
1674:
1668:
1667:
1664:
1663:
1649:
1644:
1642:
1636:
1635:
1632:
1631:
1622:
1619:
1618:
1615:
1614:
1600:
1597:
1596:
1593:
1592:
1583:
1580:
1579:
1576:
1575:
1566:
1561:
1559:
1556:
1555:
1552:
1551:
1547:
1546:
1543:
1542:
1535:
1530:
1528:
1523:
1521:
1519:Centrosaurinae
1513:
1481:
1480:
1477:
1476:
1472:
1471:
1468:
1467:
1463:
1462:
1459:
1458:
1454:
1453:
1450:
1449:
1445:
1444:
1441:
1440:
1436:
1435:
1432:
1431:
1427:
1426:
1423:
1422:
1418:
1417:
1414:
1413:
1409:
1408:
1405:
1404:
1400:
1399:
1396:
1395:
1386:
1383:
1382:
1379:
1378:
1369:
1364:
1362:
1359:
1358:
1355:
1354:
1340:
1335:
1333:
1330:
1329:
1326:
1325:
1316:
1311:
1309:
1303:
1302:
1299:
1298:
1284:
1279:
1277:
1271:
1270:
1267:
1266:
1262:
1261:
1258:
1257:
1253:
1252:
1249:
1248:
1244:
1243:
1240:
1239:
1225:
1222:
1221:
1218:
1217:
1208:
1203:
1201:
1198:
1197:
1194:
1193:
1184:
1179:
1177:
1174:
1173:
1170:
1169:
1165:
1164:
1161:
1160:
1151:
1148:
1147:
1144:
1143:
1134:
1129:
1127:
1122:
1120:
1112:
1110:
1104:
1103:
1100:
1099:
1090:
1087:
1086:
1083:
1082:
1068:
1065:
1064:
1061:
1060:
1056:
1055:
1052:
1051:
1037:
1034:
1033:
1030:
1029:
1020:
1015:
1013:
1008:
1006:
1003:
1002:
999:
998:
989:
984:
982:
979:
978:
975:
974:
970:
969:
966:
965:
960:
957:
956:
953:
952:
938:
935:
934:
931:
930:
925:
922:
921:
918:
917:
907:
904:
903:
900:
899:
889:
884:
882:
874:
872:
869:
868:
865:
864:
860:
859:
856:
855:
846:
843:
842:
839:
838:
829:
824:
822:
817:
815:
813:Centrosaurinae
807:
782:
781:Classification
779:
729:in 1915, with
727:Lawrence Lambe
688:Centrosaurinae
683:
682:
681:
680:
676:Monocloniinae
674:
665:
664:
658:
657:
656:
655:
654:
653:
652:
651:
650:
649:
639:
618:
607:
597:
576:
575:
574:
563:
553:
543:
503:
502:
501:
490:
487:Nasutoceratops
480:
470:
460:
435:
434:
433:
430:Medusaceratops
423:
413:
388:
378:
368:
358:
348:
338:
328:
325:Diabloceratops
318:
314:Brachyceratops
304:
303:
299:
298:
295:
283:
282:
276:
275:
266:Centrosaurinae
260:
256:
255:
247:
243:
242:
234:
227:
226:
224:Neornithischia
218:
211:
210:
202:
195:
194:
189:
182:
181:
176:
172:
171:
166:
162:
161:
156:
152:
151:
138:
137:
125:
124:
116:
115:
107:
102:
97:
92:
87:
82:
77:
72:
67:
62:
57:
52:
51:
37:
35:Centrosaurines
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4110:
4099:
4096:
4094:
4091:
4090:
4088:
4071:
4066:
4062:
4057:
4051:
4047:
4042:
4036:
4032:
4031:
4029:
4027:
4023:
4019:
4014:
4002:
3994:
3992:
3988:
3987:
3984:
3974:
3968:
3942:
3941:
3937:
3935:
3934:
3930:
3928:
3927:
3923:
3921:
3920:
3919:Achelousaurus
3916:
3915:
3913:
3911:
3907:
3900:
3899:
3898:Styracosaurus
3895:
3893:
3892:
3888:
3886:
3885:
3881:
3879:
3878:
3874:
3873:
3871:
3869:
3868:Centrosaurini
3865:
3862:
3860:
3859:Eucentrosaura
3856:
3850:
3849:
3845:
3843:
3842:
3838:
3836:
3835:
3831:
3829:
3828:
3824:
3822:
3821:
3817:
3816:
3814:
3812:
3808:
3802:
3801:
3797:
3795:
3794:
3790:
3788:
3787:
3783:
3782:
3780:
3778:
3774:
3768:
3767:
3763:
3761:
3760:
3759:Wendiceratops
3756:
3754:
3753:
3749:
3747:
3746:
3742:
3740:
3739:
3735:
3733:
3732:
3728:
3727:
3724:
3721:
3719:
3715:
3705:
3704:
3700:
3698:
3697:
3693:
3691:
3690:
3686:
3683:
3682:
3678:
3676:
3675:
3671:
3669:
3668:
3664:
3662:
3661:
3657:
3655:
3654:
3653:Eotriceratops
3650:
3649:
3647:
3645:
3641:
3635:
3634:
3630:
3628:
3627:
3623:
3621:
3620:
3616:
3614:
3613:
3609:
3607:
3606:
3602:
3600:
3599:
3598:Pentaceratops
3595:
3593:
3592:
3588:
3586:
3585:
3581:
3579:
3578:
3577:Kosmoceratops
3574:
3572:
3571:
3567:
3565:
3564:
3560:
3558:
3557:
3553:
3551:
3550:
3549:Bravoceratops
3546:
3544:
3543:
3542:Bisticeratops
3539:
3537:
3536:
3532:
3530:
3529:
3528:Anchiceratops
3525:
3523:
3522:
3521:Agujaceratops
3518:
3517:
3514:
3511:
3509:
3505:
3499:
3498:
3494:
3492:
3491:
3487:
3485:
3484:
3480:
3478:
3477:
3473:
3471:
3470:
3466:
3464:
3463:
3459:
3458:
3455:
3452:
3449:
3444:
3440:
3436:
3431:
3427:
3418:
3412:
3374:
3373:
3372:
3371:
3369:
3367:
3363:
3357:
3356:
3352:
3350:
3349:
3345:
3342:
3341:
3337:
3336:
3333:
3330:
3328:
3327:Ceratopsoidea
3324:
3318:
3317:
3316:Protoceratops
3313:
3311:
3310:
3309:Breviceratops
3306:
3304:
3303:
3299:
3296:
3295:
3291:
3290:
3288:
3286:
3282:
3279:
3277:
3273:
3267:
3266:
3262:
3260:
3259:
3255:
3253:
3252:
3251:Udanoceratops
3248:
3246:
3245:
3244:Prenoceratops
3241:
3239:
3238:
3234:
3232:
3231:
3230:Leptoceratops
3227:
3225:
3224:
3220:
3218:
3217:
3213:
3211:
3210:
3206:
3204:
3203:
3199:
3197:
3196:
3192:
3190:
3189:
3188:Bainoceratops
3185:
3183:
3182:
3178:
3177:
3175:
3173:
3169:
3163:
3162:
3158:
3157:
3154:
3151:
3148:
3143:
3132:
3131:
3127:
3125:
3124:
3123:Helioceratops
3120:
3118:
3117:
3113:
3112:
3110:
3108:
3104:
3098:
3097:
3093:
3091:
3090:
3089:Mosaiceratops
3086:
3084:
3083:
3079:
3077:
3076:
3072:
3069:
3068:
3064:
3062:
3061:
3060:Koreaceratops
3057:
3055:
3054:
3050:
3048:
3047:
3043:
3041:
3040:
3036:
3033:
3032:
3028:
3027:
3024:
3020:
3017:
3014:
3013:Neoceratopsia
3009:
2999:
2998:
2994:
2992:
2991:
2987:
2985:
2984:
2980:
2978:
2977:
2973:
2971:
2970:
2966:
2965:
2963:
2961:
2957:
2951:
2950:
2946:
2944:
2943:
2939:
2937:
2936:
2932:
2931:
2928:
2924:
2921:
2918:
2913:
2909:
2905:
2900:
2896:
2871:
2870:
2869:
2868:
2866:
2864:
2860:
2852:
2848:
2847:
2846:
2845:
2842:
2839:
2837:
2833:
2825:
2821:
2820:
2819:
2818:
2815:
2812:
2810:
2806:
2802:
2794:
2790:
2787:
2785:
2781:
2778:
2776:
2772:
2769:
2767:
2763:
2761:
2757:
2756:
2751:
2747:
2743:
2736:
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1505:Styracosaurus
1502:
1498:
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1489:
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1150:
1149:
1146:
1145:
1142:
1141:
1140:
1133:
1132:
1126:
1125:
1119:
1118:Centrosaurini
1116:
1115:
1109:
1108:Eucentrosaura
1106:
1105:
1102:
1101:
1098:
1097:
1096:
1089:
1088:
1085:
1084:
1081:
1079:
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1005:
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932:
929:
924:
923:
920:
919:
916:
914:
906:
905:
902:
901:
898:
897:(ANSP 15800)
896:
895:
888:
887:
881:
878:
877:
871:
870:
867:
866:
858:
857:
854:
853:
852:
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837:
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828:
827:
821:
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814:
811:
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806:
804:
800:
796:
792:
788:
787:growth stages
780:
778:
776:
772:
768:
767:
762:
758:
757:
752:
751:
746:
742:
738:
734:
733:
728:
723:
721:
720:ornamentation
717:
716:
710:
708:
704:
701:
700:ornithischian
697:
693:
689:
675:
669:
668:
666:
663:
659:
648:
647:
640:
638:
637:
636:Achelousaurus
630:
629:
625:
619:
616:
615:
614:Styracosaurus
608:
606:
605:
598:
596:
595:
588:
587:
583:
577:
572:
571:
570:Styracosaurus
564:
562:
561:
554:
552:
551:
544:
542:
541:
534:
533:
530:
525:
524:Centrosaurini
519:
518:
515:
510:
509:Eucentrosaura
504:
499:
498:
491:
489:
488:
481:
479:
478:
471:
469:
468:
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459:
458:
451:
450:
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411:
404:
403:
400:
395:
389:
387:
386:
379:
377:
376:
369:
367:
366:
365:Wendiceratops
359:
357:
356:
349:
347:
346:
339:
337:
336:
329:
327:
326:
319:
316:
315:
308:
307:
305:
300:
293:
292:
284:
281:
277:
272:
267:
261:
258:
257:
254:
248:
245:
244:
241:
235:
232:
229:
228:
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216:
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209:
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197:
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177:
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148:
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117:
110:
105:
100:
95:
90:
85:
80:
75:
70:
65:
60:
55:
49:
41:
33:
30:
19:
18:Centrosaurine
4025:
3938:
3933:Stellasaurus
3931:
3924:
3917:
3896:
3889:
3884:Coronosaurus
3882:
3877:Centrosaurus
3875:
3846:
3839:
3832:
3825:
3818:
3798:
3793:Lokiceratops
3791:
3784:
3766:Xenoceratops
3764:
3757:
3752:Sinoceratops
3750:
3743:
3736:
3729:
3717:
3701:
3694:
3687:
3679:
3672:
3665:
3660:Nedoceratops
3658:
3651:
3633:Vagaceratops
3631:
3626:Utahceratops
3624:
3619:Terminocavus
3617:
3610:
3603:
3596:
3589:
3582:
3575:
3570:Judiceratops
3568:
3561:
3556:Chasmosaurus
3554:
3547:
3540:
3533:
3526:
3519:
3495:
3488:
3481:
3474:
3467:
3460:
3448:Ceratopsidae
3435:Ceratopsidae
3366:Ceratopsidae
3355:Zuniceratops
3353:
3346:
3340:Ajkaceratops
3338:
3314:
3307:
3302:Bagaceratops
3300:
3294:Ajkaceratops
3292:
3276:Coronosauria
3263:
3256:
3249:
3242:
3235:
3228:
3221:
3214:
3207:
3200:
3193:
3186:
3181:Asiaceratops
3179:
3159:
3147:Euceratopsia
3130:Yamaceratops
3128:
3121:
3114:
3094:
3087:
3082:Microceratus
3080:
3075:Liaoceratops
3073:
3065:
3058:
3051:
3044:
3037:
3031:Ajkaceratops
3029:
2995:
2988:
2981:
2974:
2967:
2947:
2940:
2933:
2851:Ornithischia
2836:Ornithischia
2788:
2784:Ornithischia
2779:
2770:
2687:
2683:
2641:
2612:
2604:
2551:
2547:
2537:
2524:. Retrieved
2519:
2509:
2468:
2464:
2408:
2404:
2394:
2369:
2365:
2359:
2334:
2330:
2326:
2320:
2295:
2291:
2287:
2281:
2254:
2250:
2228:
2224:
2211:
2178:
2174:
2138:
2134:
2076:
2072:
2036:
2032:
2026:
2018:
1985:
1981:
1911:
1904:
1895:Reproduction
1882:
1878:Sinoceratops
1876:
1870:
1857:Sinoceratops
1856:
1850:
1839:Sinoceratops
1838:
1826:Sinoceratops
1824:
1813:
1803:
1801:
1782:Biogeography
1775:
1771:
1767:
1763:
1759:
1757:
1701:
1700:
1684:
1683:
1652:
1651:
1639:
1625:
1624:
1603:
1602:
1586:
1585:
1569:
1568:
1538:
1537:
1518:
1504:
1500:
1496:
1491:
1487:
1485:
1389:
1388:
1372:
1371:
1343:
1342:
1319:
1318:
1287:
1286:
1228:
1227:
1211:
1210:
1187:
1186:
1154:
1153:
1137:
1136:
1107:
1093:
1092:
1071:
1070:
1040:
1039:
1023:
1022:
992:
991:
962:
941:
940:
927:
909:
892:
891:
849:
848:
832:
831:
812:
802:
798:
794:
784:
774:
770:
764:
760:
754:
748:
744:
732:Centrosaurus
730:
724:
713:
711:
687:
686:
678:Nopcsa, 1923
644:
634:
623:
612:
604:Stellasaurus
602:
592:
581:
568:
558:
550:Coronosaurus
548:
540:Centrosaurus
538:
528:
523:
513:
508:
495:
485:
475:
465:
455:
445:
440:
428:
420:Lokiceratops
418:
408:
398:
393:
383:
375:Xenoceratops
373:
363:
355:Sinoceratops
353:
343:
333:
323:
312:
289:
280:Type species
265:
253:Ceratopsidae
230:
214:
208:Ornithischia
198:
185:
128:
29:
4093:Ceratopsids
4050:Wikispecies
3926:Einiosaurus
3820:Avaceratops
3703:Triceratops
3667:Ojoceratops
3490:Monoclonius
3202:Ferrisaurus
3067:Kulceratops
2257:(1): 1–14.
1926:adolescence
1794:, from the
1672:Pachyrostra
1501:Rubeosaurus
1307:Pachyrostra
624:Pachyrostra
594:Einiosaurus
457:Avaceratops
385:Monoclonius
296:Lambe, 1904
259:Subfamily:
46:82–69
4087:Categories
3989:See also:
3696:Torosaurus
3612:Spiclypeus
3462:Agathaumas
3375:see below↓
3195:Cerasinops
2983:Stenopelix
2917:Ceratopsia
2904:Ceratopsia
2872:see below↓
2863:Ceratopsia
2775:Dinosauria
2742:Ceratopsia
2676:References
2411:: e12362.
2337:: 104308.
2231:: 123–167.
1889:rhinoceros
1509:anagenesis
737:type genus
696:ceratopsid
690:(from the
302:Subgroups
240:Ceratopsia
192:Dinosauria
133:skeleton,
2758:Kingdom:
2633:930042495
2578:1932-6203
2501:128972108
2493:1001-6538
2427:2167-8359
2386:130766946
2351:210260909
2312:134031275
2273:0008-4077
2203:130607301
2195:0022-3360
2157:0024-4082
2093:0962-8452
2010:234351502
2002:0031-0220
1961:Footnotes
1912:Possible
1867:Body size
1861:Laramidia
1847:Laramidia
928:CMN 8804
791:cladogram
707:Laramidia
165:Kingdom:
159:Eukaryota
4035:Wikidata
4001:Category
3991:Timeline
3497:Polyonax
3483:Dysganus
3476:Ceratops
3039:Aquilops
2766:Chordata
2764:Phylum:
2760:Animalia
2596:27192148
2548:PLOS ONE
2526:21 April
2445:34966571
2111:23864598
1933:See also
1821:Coahuila
1762:than to
910:MOR 692
773:than to
763:than to
753:than to
743:by Ryan
703:dinosaur
662:Synonyms
246:Family:
179:Chordata
175:Phylum:
169:Animalia
155:Domain:
4041:Q132304
3891:Spinops
3209:Gremlin
2997:Yinlong
2587:4871575
2556:Bibcode
2473:Bibcode
2436:8667728
2102:3730592
1914:neonate
1829:in the
1497:et al.'
735:as the
560:Spinops
397:Loewen
2631:
2621:
2594:
2584:
2576:
2499:
2491:
2443:
2433:
2425:
2384:
2349:
2310:
2271:
2201:
2193:
2155:
2109:
2099:
2091:
2008:
2000:
795:et al.
531:, 2017
529:et al.
516:, 2018
514:et al.
512:Chiba
448:, 2017
446:et al.
401:, 2024
399:et al.
273:, 1915
4070:53953
2789:Clade
2780:Clade
2771:Clade
2497:S2CID
2405:PeerJ
2382:S2CID
2347:S2CID
2308:S2CID
2221:(PDF)
2199:S2CID
2006:S2CID
1835:China
745:et al
692:Greek
527:Ryan
444:Ryan
271:Lambe
231:Clade
215:Clade
199:Clade
186:Clade
2849:see
2822:see
2629:OCLC
2619:ISBN
2592:PMID
2574:ISSN
2528:2021
2489:ISSN
2441:PMID
2423:ISSN
2269:ISSN
2191:ISSN
2153:ISSN
2107:PMID
2089:ISSN
1998:ISSN
1982:PalZ
1807:and
1774:and
1490:and
54:PreꞒ
3053:Beg
2692:doi
2582:PMC
2564:doi
2481:doi
2431:PMC
2413:doi
2374:doi
2339:doi
2335:107
2329:".
2300:doi
2259:doi
2183:doi
2143:doi
2139:121
2097:PMC
2081:doi
2077:280
2041:doi
1990:doi
1833:of
4089::
4067::
4052::
4037::
2791::
2782::
2773::
2688:15
2686:.
2662:^
2650:^
2627:.
2590:.
2580:.
2572:.
2562:.
2552:11
2550:.
2546:.
2495:.
2487:.
2479:.
2469:55
2467:.
2453:^
2439:.
2429:.
2421:.
2407:.
2403:.
2380:.
2370:20
2368:.
2345:.
2333:.
2306:.
2296:92
2294:.
2267:.
2255:54
2253:.
2249:.
2237:^
2229:18
2227:.
2223:.
2197:.
2189:.
2179:81
2177:.
2165:^
2151:.
2137:.
2133:.
2119:^
2105:.
2095:.
2087:.
2075:.
2071:.
2055:^
2037:57
2035:.
2031:.
2004:.
1996:.
1986:95
1984:.
1980:.
1968:^
1778:.
777:.
233::
217::
201::
188::
104:Pg
48:Ma
42:,
3901:?
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2734:e
2727:t
2720:v
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2635:.
2598:.
2566::
2558::
2532:.
2530:.
2503:.
2483::
2475::
2447:.
2415::
2409:9
2388:.
2376::
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2314:.
2302::
2275:.
2261::
2205:.
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2145::
2113:.
2083::
2049:.
2043::
2012:.
1992::
1817:,
1798:.
642:†
632:†
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617:?
610:†
600:†
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566:†
556:†
546:†
536:†
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506:†
500:?
493:†
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463:†
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381:†
371:†
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341:†
331:†
321:†
317:?
310:†
287:†
263:†
250:†
237:†
221:†
205:†
109:N
99:K
94:J
89:T
84:P
79:C
74:D
69:S
64:O
59:Ꞓ
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
