27:
241:) has a similar appearance and can be confused with the chanterelle. Distinguishing factors are that false chanterelles have true gills, while chanterelles have folds. Additionally, color can help distinguish the two; the true chanterelle is uniform egg-yellow, while the false chanterelle is more orange in hue and graded, with darker center. The true chanterelle's folds are typically more wrinkled or rounded, and randomly forked. Though once thought to be hazardous, it is now known that the false chanterelle is
203:
952:
430:
2896:
40:
2906:
445:, they can be found from July to November. They tend to grow in clusters in mossy coniferous forests, but are also often found in mountainous birch forests and among grasses and low-growing herbs. In central Europe, the golden chanterelle is often found in beech forests among similar species and forms. In the UK, they may be found from July through December.
959:
Though records of chanterelles being eaten date back to the 16th century, they first gained widespread recognition as a culinary delicacy with the spreading influence of French cuisine in the 18th century, when they began appearing in palace kitchens. For many years, they remained notable for being
995:
Chanterelles are also well-suited for drying, and tend to maintain their aroma and consistency quite well. Some chefs profess that reconstituted chanterelles are actually superior in flavor to fresh ones, though they lose in texture whatever they gain in flavor by becoming more chewy after being
967:
Chanterelles as a group are generally described as being rich in flavor, with a distinctive taste and aroma difficult to characterize. Some species have a fruity odor, others a more woody, earthy fragrance, and still others can even be considered spicy. The golden chanterelle is perhaps the most
1666:
National
Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine; Health and Medicine Division; Food and Nutrition Board; Committee to Review the Dietary Reference Intakes for Sodium and Potassium (2019). Oria, Maria; Harrison, Meghan; Stallings, Virginia A. (eds.).
987:
in butter, oil or cream. They also contain smaller amounts of water- and alcohol-soluble flavorings, which lend the mushrooms well to recipes involving wine or other cooking alcohols. Many popular methods of cooking chanterelles include them in sautés,
996:
preserved by drying. Dried chanterelles can also be crushed into flour and used in seasoning in soups or sauces. Chanterelles are also suitable for freezing, though older frozen chanterelles can often develop a slightly bitter taste after thawing.
1472:
Parad GA, Ghobad-Nejhad M, Tabari M, Yousefzadeh H, Esmaeilzadeh O, Tedersoo L, Buyck, B. 2018. Cantharellus alborufescens and C. ferruginascens (Cantharellaceae, Basidiomycota) new to Iran. Cryptogamie, Mycologie 39:
1483:
Thorn, R. Greg; Kim, Jee In; Lebeuf, Renée; Voitk, Andrus (2017). "The golden chanterelles of
Newfoundland and Labrador: a new species, a new record for North America, and a lost species rediscovered".
285:
it yellows and then reddens when touched and has a weaker smell. Eyssartier and Roux classify it as a separate species but say that 90% of the chanterelles sold in French markets are this, not
999:
One mushroom guide asserts, "Chanterelles are often dirty, and when washed they soak up water like a sponge... dry-sauteeing...it concentrates their flavor while allowing you to wash them."
861:
1813:
1645:
1184:
The North
American slime-moulds; being a list of all species of Myxomycetes hitherto described from North America, including Central America, by Thomas H. Macbride ...
960:
served at the tables of nobility. Nowadays, the usage of chanterelles in the kitchen is common throughout Europe and North
America. In 1836, the Swedish mycologist
255:(the jack-o'-lantern mushrooms) have been misidentified as chanterelles, but can usually be distinguished by their well-developed, unforked true gills. Species of
298:, which reddens easily and is found in Mediterranean areas, and northern of Iran is sometimes distinguished as a separate variety or a separate species.
217:
The mushrooms are orange, yellow or white, meaty and funnel-shaped. On the lower surface, underneath the smooth cap, most species have rounded, forked
1806:
1082:
Dunham SM; O'Dell TE; Molina R (2003). "Analysis of nrDNA sequences and microsatellite allele frequencies reveals a cryptic chanterelle species
225:, which tapers down seamlessly from the cap. Many species emit a fruity aroma, reminiscent of apricots, and often have a mildly peppery taste.
1742:
1716:
1678:
1545:
1520:
1424:
1394:
1365:
1333:
1289:
1122:
88:
Chanterelles are found in
Eurasia, North America, and Africa, typically growing in forested areas. They initially gained popularity as an
2910:
2899:
1799:
2982:
1673:. The National Academies Collection: Reports funded by National Institutes of Health. Washington, DC: National Academies Press (US).
2967:
1637:
1786:
1758:
2972:
2323:
992:, cream sauces, and soups. They are not typically eaten raw, as their rich and complex flavor is best released when cooked.
1692:
2947:
2937:
1633:
1206:
Rochon, Caroline; Paré, David; Pélardy, Nellia; Khasa, Damase P.; Fortin, J. André (2011). "Ecology and productivity of
20:
77:. They are orange, yellow or white, meaty and funnel-shaped. On the lower surface, most species have rounded, forked
2710:
382:
294:
1822:
1561:
326:
140:
2962:
2952:
311:
134:
968:
sought-after and flavorful chanterelle, and many chefs consider it on the same short list of gourmet fungi as
277:
has sometimes been defined as a species in its own right, but it is normally considered to be just a variety (
26:
2977:
2430:
1978:
396:
368:
361:
347:
389:
202:
2957:
2856:
2313:
857:
403:
333:
145:
85:, which tapers down from the cap. Many species emit a fruity aroma and often have a mildly peppery taste.
2942:
2932:
2801:
2467:
2365:
1948:
1025:
719:
417:
340:
318:
120:
118:, they have since been shown to be a group of related species. In 1997, the Pacific golden chanterelle (
110:
32:
848:
1444:
2537:
2395:
2370:
2165:
2160:
2155:
1928:
1538:
Wild Edible Fungi: A Global
Overview Of Their Use And Importance To People (Non-Wood Forest Products)
771:
732:
375:
2180:
2150:
2140:
1713:
1244:
Ecology and management of commercially harvested chanterelle mushrooms. Gen. Tech. Rep. PNW-GTR-576
1157:
2477:
2385:
2129:
2005:
1149:
706:
686:
543:
354:
246:
218:
78:
1054:
1585:
1007:
In
January 2024, the California golden chanterelle became the official mushroom of that state.
2400:
2380:
2124:
2069:
1738:
1684:
1674:
1541:
1516:
1420:
1390:
1361:
1329:
1295:
1285:
1103:
979:
There are many ways to cook chanterelles. Most of the flavorful compounds in chanterelles are
905:
784:
614:
442:
234:
159:
1250:. Portland, OR: Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station
245:
but not especially tasty, and ingesting it may result in mild gastrointestinal distress. The
2871:
2861:
2846:
2472:
2293:
2109:
2079:
2059:
2015:
1893:
1493:
1223:
1188:
1141:
1095:
909:
631:
410:
222:
185:
82:
67:
1609:
2811:
2732:
2497:
2409:
2249:
2091:
2010:
1720:
438:
242:
172:
89:
860:
for adults, except for potassium, which is estimated based on expert recommendation from
195:
2876:
2842:
2715:
2674:
2442:
2345:
2170:
2114:
2074:
2064:
2054:
2027:
1968:
1855:
1830:
976:. It therefore tends to command a high price in both restaurants and specialty stores.
951:
940:
167:
93:
429:
2926:
2851:
2632:
2607:
2552:
2308:
2277:
2104:
2099:
2000:
1943:
1386:
1267:
964:
considered the chanterelle "as one of the most important and best edible mushrooms."
885:
499:
259:
are not closely related to chanterelles. Other species in the closely related genera
105:
44:
1383:
Foraging
Mushrooms Oregon: Finding, Identifying, and Preparing Edible Wild Mushrooms
1153:
2881:
2866:
2705:
2627:
2517:
2462:
2457:
2425:
2415:
2360:
2335:
2318:
2224:
2119:
1586:"Cantharellus cibarius (Golden Chanterelle): Plant Phenology in the United Kingdom"
881:
475:
261:
163:
115:
55:
39:
193:
meaning "tankard" or "cup", a reference to their general shape. Its German name,
2757:
2647:
2642:
2617:
2600:
2590:
2581:
2447:
2298:
2193:
1933:
980:
961:
913:
459:
267:
73:
61:
1668:
1242:
2727:
2722:
2679:
2662:
2652:
2622:
2612:
2562:
2452:
2340:
2229:
2049:
1995:
1958:
1913:
1908:
1898:
1872:
1848:
1299:
1145:
1099:
989:
936:
921:
901:
758:
648:
597:
306:
An incomplete listing of species that have been called chanterelles includes:
251:
1791:
2806:
2657:
2527:
2502:
2390:
2375:
2355:
2214:
2145:
2135:
2032:
2022:
1953:
1938:
1903:
1182:
1063:
929:
925:
745:
664:
189:
1688:
1192:
1107:
1759:"Meet California's New State Mushroom: The California golden chanterelle!"
1497:
2547:
2512:
2420:
2405:
2303:
2259:
2244:
2234:
2219:
2209:
1963:
1888:
984:
1282:
Mushrooms of the upper midwest : a simple guide to common mushrooms
2789:
2784:
2774:
2747:
2667:
2567:
2532:
2522:
2507:
2264:
2175:
2044:
2039:
1918:
969:
897:
889:
577:
2832:
2816:
2794:
2779:
2742:
2700:
2695:
2595:
2350:
2254:
1923:
1883:
973:
1227:
1059:
and the
Pacific Golden Chanterelle harvest in Western North America"
935:
When exposed to sunlight, raw chanterelles produce a rich amount of
2762:
2637:
2557:
2542:
2489:
2239:
2198:
1990:
1868:
1843:
950:
896:. A 100 gram reference amount of raw chanterelles supplies 38 kilo
489:
428:
201:
38:
25:
2769:
2752:
2737:
1982:
1358:
Edible Wild
Mushrooms of North America: a Field-to-Kitchen Guide
917:
797:
1795:
1714:
http://ndb.nal.usda.gov/ndb/foods/show/2974?qlookup=chanterelle
2577:
2282:
1838:
1463:, but have also been defined as varieties or separate species.
893:
519:
437:
Chanterelles are common in Eurasia, North America (including
53:
is the common name of several species of fungi in the genera
1638:"Daily Value on the Nutrition and Supplement Facts Labels"
104:
At one time, all yellow or golden chanterelles in western
1712:
USDA National Nutrient Database for Standard Reference,
1419:(in French). Paris, France: Belin. pp. 586–590.
1241:
Pilz D, Norvell L, Danell E, Molina R (March 2003).
2825:
2688:
2576:
2488:
2273:
2189:
2090:
1977:
1864:
1829:
1123:"A new, commercially valuable chanterelle species,
833:
821:
796:
783:
770:
757:
744:
731:
718:
705:
684:
663:
647:
630:
613:
596:
575:
540:
516:
498:
488:
472:
458:
453:
1670:Dietary Reference Intakes for Sodium and Potassium
1439:
1437:
1540:. Food & Agriculture Organization of the UN.
696:
587:
1351:
1349:
1347:
1345:
1127:, associated with live oak in California, USA"
454:Nutritional value per 100 g (3.5 oz)
271:may appear similar to the golden chanterelle.
1807:
1410:
1408:
1406:
1319:
1317:
1315:
1313:
1311:
1309:
1048:
1046:
30:One of several species called "chanterelle",
8:
1360:. Austin, Texas: University of Texas Press.
880:Raw chanterelle mushrooms are 90% water, 7%
448:
1214:in two eastern Canadian jack pine stands".
322:, which has been split into several species
92:in the 18th century via their inclusion in
1814:
1800:
1792:
1634:United States Food and Drug Administration
557:
447:
1417:Le Guide des Champignons France et Europe
1415:Gillaume Eyssartier; Pierre Roux (2013).
1328:. Berkeley, California: Ten Speed Press.
1053:Redhead SA, Norvell LL, Danell E (1997).
184:The name chanterelle originates from the
1042:
1016:
16:Common name of several species of fungi
1735:All That the Rain Promises, and More..
1086:from the American Pacific Northwest".
912:, in rich content (20% or more of the
1562:"Seasonal Chart for Edible Mushrooms"
221:that run almost all the way down the
81:that run almost all the way down the
7:
2905:
1513:Biodiversity of the Kashmir Himalaya
433:A basket of freshly cut chanterelles
1511:Dar GH, Bhagat RC, Khan MA (2002).
1125:Cantharellus californicus sp. nov.
920:, with moderate contents (10-1 of
14:
1084:Cantharellus cascadensis sp. nov.
2904:
2895:
2894:
1787:State flower of California, 2024
983:, making them good mushrooms to
1695:from the original on 2024-05-09
1648:from the original on 2024-03-27
1515:. Anmol Publications PVT. LTD.
1356:Fischer DH, Bessette A (1992).
1284:. Adventure Publications, Inc.
939:(35% DV) – also known as
1737:. Ten Speed Press. p. 3.
1029:, the gills may be blade-like.
441:) and Africa. In the American
199:, refers to its peppery taste.
1:
279:C. cibarius var. pallens
132:were identified, followed by
1566:Central Oregon Mushroom Club
1181:Macbride, Thomas H. (1899).
856:Percentages estimated using
21:Chanterelle (disambiguation)
1121:Arora D, Dunham SM (2008).
849:Link to USDA Database entry
2999:
1823:Non-timber forest products
1610:"Cantharellus cibarius Fr"
1431:Also available in English.
464:160 kJ (38 kcal)
449:Chanterelle mushrooms, raw
383:Craterellus cornucopioides
18:
2983:Fungi used for fiber dyes
2890:
1280:Marrone, Teresa. (2020).
1146:10.1007/s12231-008-9042-7
1100:10.1017/s0953756203008475
855:
845:
841:
817:
809:
680:
676:
571:
567:
560:
556:
536:
532:
512:
508:
468:
327:Cantharellus cinnabarinus
292:Similarly, the very pale
239:Hygrophoropsis aurantiaca
2968:Fungi of Central America
1187:New York: Macmillan Co.
425:Distribution and habitat
312:Cantharellus cascadensis
43:Chanterelles on sale in
900:of food energy and the
858:US recommendations
397:Craterellus tubaeformis
369:Cantharellus subalbidus
362:Cantharellus roseocanus
348:Cantharellus lateritius
108:had been classified as
2973:Fungi of North America
2837:(Iberian agroforestry)
2075:Pacific mountain onion
1381:Meuninck, Jim (2017).
1193:10.5962/bhl.title.1646
956:
892:, and have negligible
862:the National Academies
434:
334:Cantharellus enelensis
209:
47:
36:
2857:Indian forest produce
2328:Hydnocarpus wightiana
1733:Arora, Davis (1991).
1498:10.1139/cjb-2016-0213
1208:Cantharellus cibarius
1057:Cantharellus formosus
1026:Omphalotus olivascens
954:
562:Vitamins and minerals
432:
418:Polyozellus multiplex
390:Craterellus ignicolor
341:Cantharellus formosus
319:Cantharellus cibarius
249:species in the genus
205:
111:Cantharellus cibarius
42:
33:Cantharellus cibarius
29:
2948:Fungi in cultivation
2100:Bare-toothed russula
1723:, accessed 28/2/2013
1326:The Chanterelle Book
1088:Mycological Research
955:Chanterelles to cook
404:Craterellus odoratus
376:Craterellus cinereus
275:Cantharellus pallens
207:Cantharellus pallens
170:in association with
166:forests, as well as
141:C. californicus
19:For other uses, see
2938:Fungus common names
2711:musical instruments
1969:Woodland strawberry
1449:in Species Fungorum
1324:Persson O. (1997).
632:Pantothenic acid (B
450:
135:C. cascadensis
1719:2015-11-26 at the
957:
823:Other constituents
435:
355:Cantharellus minor
281:). Unlike "true"
210:
48:
37:
2920:
2919:
1765:. 29 January 2024
1744:978-0-89815-388-0
1680:978-0-309-48834-1
1547:978-92-5-105157-3
1522:978-81-261-1117-6
1426:978-2-7011-8289-6
1396:978-1-4930-2669-2
1367:978-0-292-72080-0
1335:978-0-89815-947-9
1291:978-1-59193-960-3
1270:at dictionary.com
916:, DV), 27% DV of
868:
867:
813:
812:
443:Pacific Northwest
235:false chanterelle
160:Pacific Northwest
147:C. enelensis
2990:
2908:
2907:
2898:
2897:
2872:Resin extraction
2862:Mushroom hunting
2838:
2584: / etc.
2438:
2331:
2166:Saffron milk cap
2156:Parasol mushroom
1996:Fiddlehead ferns
1816:
1809:
1802:
1793:
1774:
1773:
1771:
1770:
1755:
1749:
1748:
1730:
1724:
1710:
1704:
1703:
1701:
1700:
1663:
1657:
1656:
1654:
1653:
1630:
1624:
1623:
1621:
1620:
1606:
1600:
1599:
1597:
1596:
1582:
1576:
1575:
1573:
1572:
1558:
1552:
1551:
1533:
1527:
1526:
1508:
1502:
1501:
1480:
1474:
1470:
1464:
1459:are synonyms of
1457:C. alborufescens
1441:
1432:
1430:
1412:
1401:
1400:
1378:
1372:
1371:
1353:
1340:
1339:
1321:
1304:
1303:
1277:
1271:
1265:
1259:
1258:
1256:
1255:
1249:
1238:
1232:
1231:
1203:
1197:
1196:
1178:
1172:
1171:
1169:
1168:
1162:
1156:. Archived from
1131:
1118:
1112:
1111:
1079:
1073:
1072:
1050:
1030:
1021:
910:pantothenic acid
700:
652:
635:
618:
601:
591:
558:
451:
411:Gomphus clavatus
295:C. alborufescens
287:C. cibarius
283:C. cibarius
152:C. cibarius
126:C. cibarius
121:C. formosus
2998:
2997:
2993:
2992:
2991:
2989:
2988:
2987:
2963:Fungi of Europe
2953:Fungi of Africa
2923:
2922:
2921:
2916:
2886:
2836:
2821:
2812:Vegetable ivory
2684:
2572:
2484:
2432:
2325:
2287:
2269:
2203:
2185:
2151:Oyster mushroom
2141:Meadow mushroom
2086:
2070:Twincrest onion
1973:
1877:
1860:
1831:Animal products
1825:
1820:
1783:
1778:
1777:
1768:
1766:
1757:
1756:
1752:
1745:
1732:
1731:
1727:
1721:Wayback Machine
1711:
1707:
1698:
1696:
1681:
1665:
1664:
1660:
1651:
1649:
1632:
1631:
1627:
1618:
1616:
1608:
1607:
1603:
1594:
1592:
1590:iNaturalist.org
1584:
1583:
1579:
1570:
1568:
1560:
1559:
1555:
1548:
1536:Boa ER (2004).
1535:
1534:
1530:
1523:
1510:
1509:
1505:
1482:
1481:
1477:
1471:
1467:
1451:indicates that
1442:
1435:
1427:
1414:
1413:
1404:
1397:
1380:
1379:
1375:
1368:
1355:
1354:
1343:
1336:
1323:
1322:
1307:
1292:
1279:
1278:
1274:
1266:
1262:
1253:
1251:
1247:
1240:
1239:
1235:
1228:10.1139/b11-058
1222:(10): 663–675.
1205:
1204:
1200:
1180:
1179:
1175:
1166:
1164:
1160:
1134:Economic Botany
1129:
1120:
1119:
1115:
1094:(10): 1163–77.
1081:
1080:
1076:
1052:
1051:
1044:
1039:
1034:
1033:
1023:In the case of
1022:
1018:
1013:
1005:
949:
884:, including 4%
878:
873:
851:
846:
804:
791:
778:
765:
752:
739:
726:
713:
701:
671:
658:
650:
642:
633:
625:
616:
608:
599:
592:
563:
552:
547:
528:
523:
484:
479:
439:Central America
427:
304:
231:
229:Similar species
215:
182:
173:Pinus banksiana
102:
90:edible mushroom
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2996:
2994:
2986:
2985:
2980:
2978:Mushroom types
2975:
2970:
2965:
2960:
2955:
2950:
2945:
2940:
2935:
2925:
2924:
2918:
2917:
2915:
2914:
2902:
2891:
2888:
2887:
2885:
2884:
2879:
2877:Rubber tapping
2874:
2869:
2864:
2859:
2854:
2849:
2843:Forest farming
2840:
2829:
2827:
2823:
2822:
2820:
2819:
2814:
2809:
2804:
2799:
2798:
2797:
2787:
2782:
2777:
2772:
2767:
2766:
2765:
2755:
2750:
2745:
2740:
2735:
2730:
2725:
2720:
2719:
2718:
2713:
2708:
2698:
2692:
2690:
2686:
2685:
2683:
2682:
2677:
2672:
2671:
2670:
2665:
2655:
2650:
2645:
2640:
2635:
2630:
2625:
2620:
2615:
2610:
2605:
2604:
2603:
2593:
2587:
2585:
2574:
2573:
2571:
2570:
2565:
2560:
2555:
2550:
2545:
2540:
2535:
2530:
2525:
2520:
2515:
2510:
2505:
2500:
2494:
2492:
2486:
2485:
2483:
2482:
2479:Vateria indica
2475:
2470:
2465:
2460:
2455:
2450:
2445:
2440:
2435:Shorea robusta
2428:
2423:
2418:
2413:
2403:
2398:
2393:
2388:
2383:
2378:
2373:
2368:
2363:
2358:
2353:
2348:
2343:
2338:
2333:
2321:
2316:
2311:
2306:
2301:
2296:
2290:
2288:
2286:
2285:
2280:
2274:
2271:
2270:
2268:
2267:
2262:
2257:
2252:
2247:
2242:
2237:
2232:
2227:
2222:
2217:
2212:
2206:
2204:
2202:
2201:
2196:
2190:
2187:
2186:
2184:
2183:
2178:
2173:
2168:
2163:
2158:
2153:
2148:
2143:
2138:
2133:
2127:
2125:Honey mushroom
2122:
2117:
2112:
2107:
2102:
2096:
2094:
2088:
2087:
2085:
2084:
2083:
2082:
2077:
2072:
2067:
2062:
2057:
2047:
2042:
2037:
2036:
2035:
2030:
2020:
2019:
2018:
2008:
2006:Mahuwa flowers
2003:
1998:
1993:
1987:
1985:
1975:
1974:
1972:
1971:
1966:
1961:
1956:
1951:
1946:
1941:
1936:
1931:
1926:
1921:
1916:
1911:
1906:
1901:
1896:
1891:
1886:
1880:
1878:
1876:
1875:
1865:
1862:
1861:
1859:
1858:
1853:
1852:
1851:
1841:
1835:
1833:
1827:
1826:
1821:
1819:
1818:
1811:
1804:
1796:
1790:
1789:
1782:
1781:External links
1779:
1776:
1775:
1750:
1743:
1725:
1705:
1679:
1658:
1625:
1601:
1577:
1553:
1546:
1528:
1521:
1503:
1492:(6): 547–560.
1475:
1465:
1433:
1425:
1402:
1395:
1373:
1366:
1341:
1334:
1305:
1290:
1272:
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1198:
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1041:
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1038:
1035:
1032:
1031:
1015:
1014:
1012:
1009:
1004:
1001:
948:
945:
941:ergocalciferol
877:
874:
872:
869:
866:
865:
853:
852:
847:
843:
842:
839:
838:
835:
831:
830:
825:
819:
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815:
814:
811:
810:
807:
806:
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800:
794:
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780:
776:
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768:
767:
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755:
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748:
742:
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728:
724:
722:
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715:
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709:
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702:
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623:
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569:
568:
565:
564:
561:
554:
553:
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548:
541:
538:
537:
534:
533:
530:
529:
526:
524:
517:
514:
513:
510:
509:
506:
505:
502:
496:
495:
492:
486:
485:
482:
480:
473:
470:
469:
466:
465:
462:
456:
455:
426:
423:
422:
421:
414:
407:
400:
393:
386:
379:
372:
365:
358:
351:
344:
337:
330:
323:
315:
303:
300:
230:
227:
214:
211:
181:
178:
168:Eastern Canada
158:occurs in the
101:
98:
94:French cuisine
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2995:
2984:
2981:
2979:
2976:
2974:
2971:
2969:
2966:
2964:
2961:
2959:
2958:Fungi of Asia
2956:
2954:
2951:
2949:
2946:
2944:
2941:
2939:
2936:
2934:
2931:
2930:
2928:
2913:
2912:
2903:
2901:
2893:
2892:
2889:
2883:
2880:
2878:
2875:
2873:
2870:
2868:
2865:
2863:
2860:
2858:
2855:
2853:
2852:Honey hunting
2850:
2848:
2844:
2841:
2839:
2835:
2831:
2830:
2828:
2824:
2818:
2815:
2813:
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2800:
2796:
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2739:
2736:
2734:
2731:
2729:
2726:
2724:
2721:
2717:
2714:
2712:
2709:
2707:
2704:
2703:
2702:
2699:
2697:
2694:
2693:
2691:
2687:
2681:
2678:
2676:
2673:
2669:
2666:
2664:
2661:
2660:
2659:
2656:
2654:
2651:
2649:
2646:
2644:
2641:
2639:
2636:
2634:
2631:
2629:
2626:
2624:
2621:
2619:
2616:
2614:
2611:
2609:
2608:Coconut sugar
2606:
2602:
2599:
2598:
2597:
2594:
2592:
2589:
2588:
2586:
2583:
2579:
2575:
2569:
2566:
2564:
2561:
2559:
2556:
2554:
2551:
2549:
2546:
2544:
2541:
2539:
2536:
2534:
2531:
2529:
2526:
2524:
2521:
2519:
2516:
2514:
2511:
2509:
2506:
2504:
2501:
2499:
2496:
2495:
2493:
2491:
2487:
2481:
2480:
2476:
2474:
2471:
2469:
2466:
2464:
2461:
2459:
2456:
2454:
2451:
2449:
2446:
2444:
2441:
2439:
2436:
2429:
2427:
2424:
2422:
2419:
2417:
2414:
2411:
2407:
2404:
2402:
2399:
2397:
2394:
2392:
2389:
2387:
2384:
2382:
2379:
2377:
2374:
2372:
2369:
2367:
2364:
2362:
2359:
2357:
2354:
2352:
2349:
2347:
2344:
2342:
2339:
2337:
2334:
2332:
2329:
2322:
2320:
2317:
2315:
2312:
2310:
2307:
2305:
2302:
2300:
2297:
2295:
2292:
2291:
2289:
2284:
2281:
2279:
2276:
2275:
2272:
2266:
2263:
2261:
2258:
2256:
2253:
2251:
2248:
2246:
2243:
2241:
2238:
2236:
2233:
2231:
2228:
2226:
2223:
2221:
2218:
2216:
2213:
2211:
2208:
2207:
2205:
2200:
2197:
2195:
2192:
2191:
2188:
2182:
2181:Yellow knight
2179:
2177:
2174:
2172:
2171:Slippery jack
2169:
2167:
2164:
2162:
2159:
2157:
2154:
2152:
2149:
2147:
2144:
2142:
2139:
2137:
2134:
2131:
2128:
2126:
2123:
2121:
2118:
2116:
2113:
2111:
2108:
2106:
2103:
2101:
2098:
2097:
2095:
2093:
2089:
2081:
2078:
2076:
2073:
2071:
2068:
2066:
2063:
2061:
2058:
2056:
2053:
2052:
2051:
2048:
2046:
2043:
2041:
2038:
2034:
2031:
2029:
2026:
2025:
2024:
2021:
2017:
2014:
2013:
2012:
2009:
2007:
2004:
2002:
2001:Heart of palm
1999:
1997:
1994:
1992:
1989:
1988:
1986:
1984:
1980:
1979:Edible plants
1976:
1970:
1967:
1965:
1962:
1960:
1957:
1955:
1952:
1950:
1947:
1945:
1944:Juniper berry
1942:
1940:
1937:
1935:
1932:
1930:
1927:
1925:
1922:
1920:
1917:
1915:
1912:
1910:
1907:
1905:
1902:
1900:
1897:
1895:
1892:
1890:
1887:
1885:
1882:
1881:
1879:
1874:
1870:
1867:
1866:
1863:
1857:
1854:
1850:
1847:
1846:
1845:
1842:
1840:
1837:
1836:
1834:
1832:
1828:
1824:
1817:
1812:
1810:
1805:
1803:
1798:
1797:
1794:
1788:
1785:
1784:
1780:
1764:
1760:
1754:
1751:
1746:
1740:
1736:
1729:
1726:
1722:
1718:
1715:
1709:
1706:
1694:
1690:
1686:
1682:
1676:
1672:
1671:
1662:
1659:
1647:
1643:
1639:
1635:
1629:
1626:
1615:
1611:
1605:
1602:
1591:
1587:
1581:
1578:
1567:
1563:
1557:
1554:
1549:
1543:
1539:
1532:
1529:
1524:
1518:
1514:
1507:
1504:
1499:
1495:
1491:
1487:
1479:
1476:
1469:
1466:
1462:
1458:
1454:
1450:
1448:
1440:
1438:
1434:
1428:
1422:
1418:
1411:
1409:
1407:
1403:
1398:
1392:
1389:. p. 4.
1388:
1387:Falcon Guides
1384:
1377:
1374:
1369:
1363:
1359:
1352:
1350:
1348:
1346:
1342:
1337:
1331:
1327:
1320:
1318:
1316:
1314:
1312:
1310:
1306:
1301:
1297:
1293:
1287:
1283:
1276:
1273:
1269:
1264:
1261:
1246:
1245:
1237:
1234:
1229:
1225:
1221:
1217:
1213:
1209:
1202:
1199:
1194:
1190:
1186:
1185:
1177:
1174:
1163:on 2018-12-22
1159:
1155:
1151:
1147:
1143:
1140:(3): 376–91.
1139:
1135:
1128:
1126:
1117:
1114:
1109:
1105:
1101:
1097:
1093:
1089:
1085:
1078:
1075:
1070:
1066:
1065:
1060:
1058:
1049:
1047:
1043:
1036:
1028:
1027:
1020:
1017:
1010:
1008:
1002:
1000:
997:
993:
991:
986:
982:
977:
975:
971:
965:
963:
953:
946:
944:
942:
938:
933:
931:
927:
923:
919:
915:
911:
907:
903:
899:
895:
891:
887:
886:dietary fiber
883:
882:carbohydrates
875:
870:
863:
859:
854:
850:
844:
840:
836:
832:
829:
826:
824:
820:
816:
808:
801:
799:
795:
788:
786:
782:
775:
773:
769:
762:
760:
756:
749:
747:
743:
736:
734:
730:
723:
721:
717:
710:
708:
704:
699:
694:
691:
689:
688:
683:
679:
675:
668:
666:
662:
655:
653:
646:
639:
637:
629:
622:
620:
612:
605:
603:
598:Riboflavin (B
595:
590:
585:
582:
580:
579:
574:
570:
566:
559:
555:
549:
546:
545:
539:
535:
531:
525:
522:
521:
515:
511:
507:
503:
501:
500:Dietary fiber
497:
493:
491:
487:
481:
478:
477:
476:Carbohydrates
471:
467:
463:
461:
457:
452:
446:
444:
440:
431:
424:
420:
419:
415:
413:
412:
408:
406:
405:
401:
399:
398:
394:
392:
391:
387:
385:
384:
380:
378:
377:
373:
371:
370:
366:
364:
363:
359:
357:
356:
352:
350:
349:
345:
343:
342:
338:
336:
335:
331:
329:
328:
324:
321:
320:
316:
314:
313:
309:
308:
307:
301:
299:
297:
296:
290:
288:
284:
280:
276:
272:
270:
269:
264:
263:
258:
254:
253:
248:
244:
240:
236:
228:
226:
224:
220:
212:
208:
204:
200:
198:
197:
192:
191:
187:
179:
177:
175:
174:
169:
165:
161:
157:
153:
149:
148:
144:in 2008, and
143:
142:
137:
136:
131:
127:
123:
122:
117:
113:
112:
107:
106:North America
99:
97:
95:
91:
86:
84:
80:
76:
75:
70:
69:
64:
63:
58:
57:
52:
46:
45:San Francisco
41:
35:
34:
28:
22:
2943:Edible fungi
2933:Cantharellus
2909:
2882:Wildcrafting
2867:Naval stores
2845: /
2833:
2802:Tendu leaves
2758:Natural dyes
2628:Gutta-percha
2580: /
2518:Frankincense
2478:
2434:
2391:Mango butter
2336:Cocoa butter
2327:
2324:Chaulmoogra
2294:Allanblackia
2225:Black pepper
2110:Birch bolete
2060:Canada onion
2045:Wild ginseng
2040:Saw palmetto
1981: /
1871: /
1767:. Retrieved
1762:
1753:
1734:
1728:
1708:
1697:. Retrieved
1669:
1661:
1650:. Retrieved
1641:
1628:
1617:. Retrieved
1613:
1604:
1593:. Retrieved
1589:
1580:
1569:. Retrieved
1565:
1556:
1537:
1531:
1512:
1506:
1489:
1485:
1478:
1468:
1460:
1456:
1452:
1446:
1416:
1382:
1376:
1357:
1325:
1281:
1275:
1263:
1252:. Retrieved
1243:
1236:
1219:
1215:
1211:
1207:
1201:
1183:
1176:
1165:. Retrieved
1158:the original
1137:
1133:
1124:
1116:
1091:
1087:
1083:
1077:
1068:
1062:
1056:
1024:
1019:
1006:
998:
994:
978:
966:
958:
934:
879:
827:
822:
697:
692:
685:
588:
583:
576:
542:
518:
474:
436:
416:
409:
402:
395:
388:
381:
374:
367:
360:
353:
346:
339:
332:
325:
317:
310:
305:
293:
291:
286:
282:
278:
274:
273:
266:
262:Cantharellus
260:
256:
250:
238:
232:
216:
206:
194:
188:
183:
171:
164:Sitka spruce
155:
151:
146:
139:
133:
129:
125:
119:
116:DNA analysis
109:
103:
87:
72:
66:
60:
56:Cantharellus
54:
50:
49:
31:
2817:Willow bark
2648:Maple syrup
2643:Maple sugar
2618:Fruit syrup
2601:chewing gum
2591:Birch syrup
2448:Shea butter
2120:Chanterelle
2065:Crow garlic
2055:Bear garlic
2050:Wild onions
2028:filé powder
1949:Lingonberry
1934:Huckleberry
1461:C. cibarius
1447:C. cibarius
1268:chanterelle
981:fat-soluble
962:Elias Fries
914:Daily Value
268:Craterellus
213:Description
196:Pfifferling
74:Polyozellus
62:Craterellus
51:Chanterelle
2927:Categories
2728:Birch beer
2723:Birch bark
2680:Spruce gum
2663:akpeteshie
2653:Palm sugar
2623:Gum arabic
2613:Date sugar
2563:Turpentine
2443:Sandalwood
2346:Eucalyptus
2341:Eucalyptol
2230:Brazil nut
2105:Bay bolete
1959:Strawberry
1914:Cocoa bean
1909:Breadfruit
1899:Blackberry
1873:tree fruit
1769:2024-04-17
1699:2024-06-21
1652:2024-03-28
1619:2018-10-21
1595:2018-10-21
1571:2024-03-31
1453:C. pallens
1445:entry for
1300:1151845587
1254:2011-03-25
1212:roseocanus
1167:2010-09-15
1071:: 285–322.
1037:References
1003:In culture
937:vitamin D2
922:riboflavin
902:B vitamins
759:Phosphorus
257:Omphalotus
252:Omphalotus
156:roseocanus
130:roseocanus
2847:gardening
2807:Thatching
2658:Palm wine
2503:Birch tar
2431:Sal-seed
2356:Japan wax
2309:Candlenut
2250:Malva nut
2215:Areca nut
2136:Matsutake
2092:Mushrooms
2033:root beer
2023:Sassafras
2011:Sago palm
1954:Raspberry
1939:Jackfruit
1904:Blueberry
1856:Wild game
1763:Cal Parks
1064:Mycotaxon
932:(table).
930:potassium
926:manganese
876:Nutrition
772:Potassium
746:Manganese
733:Magnesium
665:Vitamin D
649:Vitamin B
615:Niacin (B
247:poisonous
190:kantharos
180:Etymology
150:in 2017.
138:in 2003,
2900:Category
2716:textiles
2548:Pine tar
2513:Creosote
2463:Tea-tree
2458:Tea-seed
2426:Pongamia
2416:Phulwara
2401:Nagkesar
2396:Murumuru
2371:Kpangnan
2319:Carnauba
2260:Pine nut
2245:Hazelnut
2235:Cinnamon
2220:Bay leaf
2210:Allspice
2132:(reishi)
1964:Tamarind
1929:Gambooge
1889:Bilberry
1717:Archived
1693:Archived
1689:30844154
1646:Archived
1636:(2024).
1614:gbif.org
1473:299-310.
1154:19220345
1108:14635765
990:soufflés
970:truffles
947:Culinary
898:calories
828:Quantity
753:0.286 mg
693:Quantity
687:Minerals
659:0.044 mg
643:1.075 mg
626:4.085 mg
609:0.215 mg
584:Quantity
578:Vitamins
114:. Using
100:Taxonomy
2911:Commons
2826:Related
2790:Tanbark
2785:Shellac
2775:Quinine
2748:Gambier
2668:ogogoro
2568:Varnish
2533:Lacquer
2523:Gamboge
2508:Camphor
2498:Benzoin
2408: (
2314:Capuacu
2299:Babassu
2265:Vanilla
2176:Truffle
2161:Red cap
2130:Lingzhi
1919:Coconut
1894:Binukaw
1869:Berries
890:protein
888:, 1.5%
805:0.71 mg
727:3.47 mg
707:Calcium
544:Protein
302:Species
68:Gomphus
2834:Dehesa
2795:tannin
2780:Rattan
2743:Forage
2706:edible
2701:Bamboo
2696:Amadou
2675:Rubber
2596:Chicle
2538:Mastic
2490:Resins
2473:Ucuuba
2468:Tucuma
2453:Tamanu
2410:kernel
2381:Mafura
2351:Illipe
2304:Bacuri
2255:Nutmeg
2199:spices
1924:Durian
1884:Banana
1741:
1687:
1677:
1544:
1519:
1486:Botany
1423:
1393:
1364:
1332:
1298:
1288:
1216:Botany
1152:
1106:
974:morels
928:, and
906:niacin
785:Sodium
779:506 mg
672:5.3 ÎĽg
551:1.49 g
527:0.53 g
494:1.16 g
490:Sugars
483:6.86 g
460:Energy
243:edible
124:) and
71:, and
2763:henna
2738:Ferns
2689:Other
2638:Latex
2558:Rosin
2553:Pitch
2543:Myrrh
2528:Kauri
2386:Mahua
2376:Kusum
2366:Kombo
2361:Kokum
2283:waxes
2240:Clove
2146:Morel
2080:Ramps
2016:queen
1991:Betel
1983:roots
1844:Honey
1248:(PDF)
1210:var.
1161:(PDF)
1150:S2CID
1130:(PDF)
1011:Notes
985:sauté
834:Water
766:57 mg
740:13 mg
714:15 mg
504:3.8 g
223:stipe
219:folds
186:Greek
154:var.
128:var.
83:stipe
79:folds
2770:Peat
2753:Moss
2733:Cork
2633:Kino
2421:Pilu
2406:Palm
2194:Nuts
1849:pine
1839:Furs
1739:ISBN
1685:PMID
1675:ISBN
1542:ISBN
1517:ISBN
1455:and
1443:The
1421:ISBN
1391:ISBN
1362:ISBN
1330:ISBN
1296:OCLC
1286:ISBN
1104:PMID
972:and
918:iron
908:and
871:Uses
837:90 g
798:Zinc
792:9 mg
720:Iron
265:and
233:The
2582:gum
2578:Sap
2278:Oil
2115:Cep
1642:FDA
1494:doi
1224:doi
1189:doi
1142:doi
1096:doi
1092:107
894:fat
777:17%
751:12%
725:19%
698:%DV
670:27%
641:22%
624:26%
607:17%
589:%DV
520:Fat
162:in
2929::
1761:.
1691:.
1683:.
1644:.
1640:.
1612:.
1588:.
1564:.
1490:95
1488:.
1436:^
1405:^
1385:.
1344:^
1308:^
1294:.
1220:89
1218:.
1148:.
1138:62
1136:.
1132:.
1102:.
1090:.
1069:65
1067:.
1061:.
1045:^
943:.
924:,
904:,
803:6%
790:0%
764:5%
738:3%
712:1%
657:3%
289:.
176:.
96:.
65:,
59:,
2437:)
2433:(
2412:)
2330:)
2326:(
1815:e
1808:t
1801:v
1772:.
1747:.
1702:.
1655:.
1622:.
1598:.
1574:.
1550:.
1525:.
1500:.
1496::
1429:.
1399:.
1370:.
1338:.
1302:.
1257:.
1230:.
1226::
1195:.
1191::
1170:.
1144::
1110:.
1098::
1055:"
864:.
651:6
636:)
634:5
619:)
617:3
602:)
600:2
237:(
23:.
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