4391:
116:
4326:
4258:
1590:
139:
1362:
104:
4132:
37:
3790:
127:
296:
238:
204:
854:
1305:
2181:
4356:
4301:
1134:
965:
2216:
942:, leaders who were compromised in the peasant uprisings of March 1793 and even deserters. Condemned to live in almost total secrecy, the Chouans knew that capture by the Republicans would mean certain death. Most of them were motivated by a desire to avenge their relatives who had disappeared in the Virée de Galerne.
1336:. Louis Charles d'Hervilly was fatally wounded, and Puisaye managed to board a British ship. The Republicans took more than 6,000 prisoners. 748 of them were shot by firing squad, including Sombreuil. The day before his execution, he wrote a letter to Commodore Warren denouncing the flight of the Chief General,
1962:, on 28 April 1793, "two men whose surname is Cottereau, called Chouan. We have promised a reward to whoever arrests them, but people must take precautions for these two individuals are very brave and very determined. If on your part you could seize them, this would render a true service to the public cause".
1488:
Despite the
Quiberon disaster, the Chouans had some victories in the coming months. Hoche however changed tactics in the beginning of 1796. He set up mobile columns, promised amnesty to Chouans who surrendered, guaranteed religious freedom and strove to discipline the army. Many Chouans and Vendeans
976:
Murders were carried out throughout the whole war with a varying degree of intensity, for example, in the district of Fougères, 2,000 Chouans and a fluctuating number of
Republicans, 219 people were assassinated or executed by Chouans and 300 by Republicans. This number did not include deaths during
1376:
Puisaye had suffered a loss of reputation and blamed the
Chouans of the Morbihan and their chiefs, who he claimed were hostile towards nobles and wanted to "establish equality under a white flag". Puisaye left the Morbihan for the Ille-et-Vilaine, where the division chiefs were of the nobility, and
2151:
The names and distinctions of around 4,000 Mayenne
Chouans, officers, NCOs and men, as well as almoners serving in the Mayenne departement between 1792 and 1832. Biographical notes on the Chouans' military careers, a non-exhaustive list of around 3000 Chouans. It also contributes to rectifying two
1555:, Louis-Charles de Sol de Grisolles, Auguste and Sébastien de La Haye de Silz, John-Louis Treton, nicknamed Jambe d'Argent; Tristan-Llhermitte, Michel Jacquet, known as Taillefer; Joseph-Juste Coquereau, Aimé du Boisguy, Boishardy, Pierre-Mathurin Mercier and Bonfils de Saint Loup.
1204:
and ordered the arrest of those who had refused to sign the treaty of La
Mabilais. Hoche thought that Cormatin was trying to outsmart him. Cormatin was imprisoned and would not be freed before 1802. Boishardy, who did not sign, was killed during the night of 17 to 18 June between
2120:
Analyses the evolution of the
Chouannerie during seven years of civil war in the western French departments. Its different facets (pré-chouannerie, guérilla chouannerie, military chouannerie...) are treated in detail. Besides the historical aspects, the author describes the
949:
tactics, Chouans in groups of a few score or a few hundred men ambushed military detachments, couriers and stagecoaches carrying government funds. They attacked
Republican towns and executed informers, constitutional priests and republicans, and many administrators.
1347:. He returned to Brittany in autumn 1795, where he was arrested by Pierre-Mathurin Mercier and brought before Cadoudal. Puisaye defended himself vigorously and found that he still had the support of the Count of Artois. Cadoual and Puisaye eventually reconciled.
663:
961:. A law enacted on 23 March 1793 mandated that captured insurgents were to be executed by firing squad or by guillotine within 24 hours. Rossignol also assembled groups of fake Chouan outlaws to do as much as possible to discredit the real Chouans.
575:
1484:
named Hoche chief general of all the
Republican forces based in the West and gave him full authority. The Armies of the West, of the Coasts of Brest and of the Coasts of Cherbourg were merged to form the Army of the Coasts of the Ocean.
2138:. It brings to life key characters at certain moments in their lives. At the end, there are two indexes (sixteen pages of first names, and nine pages of placenames) together with some illustrations, including an artist's impression of
5478:
1420:, Chief General of the Ille-et-Vilaine and of the east of the Côtes-d'Armor. However, in practice, Boisguy controlled only the east of Ille-et-Vilaine, and Frotté and Scépeaux acknowledged Puisaye as General-in-Chief in name only.
1273:
peninsula. On 10 July, two columns of Chouan troops wearing
English uniforms embarked on British ships from the peninsula and were landed behind Republican lines. However, the men from the first column, led by Lantivy du Rest and
2110:
A journalist, Émile
Souvestre researched the survivors and, without taking sides too much, entered two theses which always remain diametrically opposed. He gives us a better understanding of the birth of the Chouannerie
4455:
2152:
historical errors - the revolt recruited in the towns as much as in the countryside, and the army quickly organised itself first into companies, then legions, then divisions, in an increasingly highly-structured manner.
1392:. He did not receive much more support than in the Morbihan, but he remained commander-in-chief because of the support of the Count of Artois. Puisaye wanted a Chouannerie led by nobles and founded the company of the
568:
1569:
In the Vendée, the nobility were not able to play their normal military role. There was never any properly-organised army and was mostly small elusive bands. The Chouan leaders were, above all, peasant farmers.
4154:
1573:
In contrast to the earlier War in the Vendée of 1793, the Chouannerie did not have any territory, the cities and many towns having remained Republican, but some districts openly revolt. There was also the
561:
845:) for a recognition-signal. A reward was put on his head, but he managed to reach England in March 1793. The Republican administration recognised him and his brother as the leaders of the revolt.
1511:
Since the Vendée was pacified, Hoche turned his attention to the Chouans. Faced by large Republican numbers, Chouan chiefs gradually surrendered. Scépeaux was the first to surrender, on 14 May.
1052:, moved to the Morbihan, where Boulainvilliers was appointed general-in-chief of the département. However, Boulainvilliers defected to Ille-et-Vilaine with money taken from the headquarters.
5140:
1581:
The Chouannerie was very difficult to suppress since its fighting forces had not been beaten during the Vendée War. Also, it had many leaders, and its army units were small and dispersed.
5508:
2792:
1293:
requiring them to join a second British landing at Côtes-d'Armor. Tinténiac hesitated in the face of opposition from Cadoudal but obeyed the order. He was killed on his way there at
2363:
1176:
and the Chouan chief Boishardy met to discuss peace options. Puisaye tried to organise a landing from London, and his lieutenant, Cormatin, assumed full command and negotiated the
5185:
5417:
2507:
262:
4807:
3708:
3663:
3570:
3517:
3448:
3318:
3292:
3209:
3106:
3033:
1091:, realised the necessity of centralised command and attempted to assume the function of general-in-chief of the Chouans. Recognised by some chiefs, Puisaye embarked from
5115:
349:
4343:
4403:
1559:
290:
5503:
4196:
623:
4676:
4542:
4734:
4465:
4338:
2279:
1423:
To fight the Chouans, the Republican forces were organised in three armies. The Army of the Coasts of Brest, led by Lazare Hoche, was based alternately in
5165:
4522:
1515:
signed a peace treaty on 19 June. Louis de Frotté refused to sign a peace treaty and embarked for England and left his lieutenants to sign it on 23 June.
3861:
5120:
4572:
4475:
4288:
4699:
2742:
2370:
1056:
succeeded him as general. Boulainvilliers foolishly returned a few months later in the Morbihan. He was captured and shot by Pierre Guillemot's men.
1626:
1248:
5376:
953:
To oppose the Chouans, Republicans built strongholds or fortified towns, which were defended by local territorial guards. They were led by General
5468:
4537:
4450:
3911:
1180:
in April 1795. He was followed by a few local leaders. Of the 121 leaders attending, only 21, including de Silz and Boishardy, signed the treaty.
472:
4106:
5518:
5150:
4867:
4006:
2475:
1325:
4232:
5513:
4724:
4278:
4217:
4175:
2459:
1562:, the Chevalier de Boishardy, Count Louis of Rosmorduc, the Picquet brothers of Boisguy, as well as by commoners (the brothers Cadoudal). In
1456:
342:
5180:
4641:
4058:
3951:
2875:
1566:, Count Louis de Frotte had a dominant role. One of the lieutenants in lower Maine was Guillaume Le Métayer, who was nicknamed Rochambeau.
5155:
4656:
3931:
5110:
4610:
4283:
3435:
3196:
266:
5473:
5463:
4852:
4227:
4063:
4038:
3533:
3183:
1387:
3326:
4847:
4188:
4149:
3695:
2356:
2307:
4395:
3896:
1294:
1252:
185:
5277:
5065:
4992:
4842:
4749:
4083:
2559:
2499:
791:
783:
706:
335:
2328:
1039:
5218:
5060:
4957:
4927:
4547:
3866:
2451:
2300:
2272:
1452:
2134:
A general history of the revolt, integrating the Chouanneries in Mayenne, Normandy and Brittany and associating them with the
1210:
5453:
5055:
3525:
2663:
1432:
157:
4832:
4460:
3981:
2655:
2568:
2515:
1068:
224:
5458:
4754:
3891:
3881:
3456:
3300:
3279:
3217:
3137:
3000:
2735:
2620:
2194:
1382:
1242:
437:
286:
5523:
5170:
4857:
4245:
4222:
4167:
4162:
4053:
3996:
2965:
2883:
1589:
1118:, Puisaye was appointed general-in-chief of the Royal and Catholic Army of Brittany on 15 October 1794 with the rank of
417:
402:
270:
5272:
4897:
4792:
4671:
4651:
4562:
4491:
4313:
3578:
3271:
3124:
2612:
2249:
2190:
1301:, but since the British fleet had joined them, they returned to the Morbihan and appointed Cadoudal as their general.
1237:
1201:
958:
5095:
4947:
3961:
3856:
3811:
2199:
2000:
D'après Christian Le Bouteiller, Emile Pautrel, Notions d'Histoire et d'archéologie pour la région de Fougères, p.191
1834:
1259:
432:
2426:
5407:
5007:
4962:
4942:
4704:
3941:
3836:
3165:
3114:
3046:
2946:
2730:
2639:
2265:
1516:
1417:
1173:
920:
492:
177:
1427:
or Vannes and controlled the Finistère, the Morbihan, the Côtes-d'Armor, the Ille-et-Vilaine and the Mayenne. The
1361:
1332:. They attempted to attack on 16 July, but were crushed. Hoche launched a final assault on 20 July and routed the
1225:
1053:
532:
427:
5422:
5317:
4862:
4739:
4694:
4582:
4470:
4437:
4240:
3851:
3803:
3679:
3602:
3480:
3464:
1428:
1309:
1177:
1145:
1122:, thus entrusting him with the king's authority. His power thus extended to all the insurgent areas north of the
1100:
912:
743:, which had all been repealed in 1789. The first confrontations broke out in 1792 and developed in stages into a
714:
628:
588:
537:
462:
457:
392:
382:
359:
308:
28:
1343:
That letter had an enormous impact on the Chouans. A council of officers in Morbihan sentenced Puisaye to death
527:
5130:
4977:
4932:
4262:
4257:
4001:
3831:
3821:
3634:
3618:
3496:
3411:
3258:
3242:
3145:
2919:
2483:
2233:
1160:
1115:
487:
258:
144:
4557:
452:
1034:
522:
507:
482:
477:
422:
412:
407:
4987:
4982:
4937:
4882:
4646:
4527:
4204:
3936:
3650:
3557:
3541:
3225:
3041:
2984:
2899:
2604:
2443:
1702:
La Chouannerie du Maine et Pays adjacents. 1793–1799–1815–1832. Avec la Biographie de plus de 120 Officiers.
1501:
1394:
1233:
834:
798:
who wanted him to swear this oath of loyalty. In another incident, the following spring, in the area around
744:
736:
542:
512:
497:
397:
254:
169:
2220:
1001:
1000:
incited a peasant uprising aimed at Vannes. The insurgents were easily countered by the Republicans at the
502:
4772:
4605:
4209:
4021:
3901:
3886:
3759:
3716:
3626:
3504:
3250:
3170:
2839:
2714:
2706:
2596:
1597:
1197:
1111:
954:
618:
387:
165:
4626:
5312:
4577:
4512:
4043:
3926:
3916:
3794:
3789:
3687:
3642:
3395:
3342:
3160:
3150:
3094:
3089:
3079:
3074:
2831:
2687:
2335:
1493:
1472:
1165:
1006:
899:
took up arms again in the areas crossed by the Vendeans. The Chouannerie was born on the borders of the
695:
681:
677:
517:
108:
5125:
3371:
1802:
924:
751:
and finally full-scale battles. It only ended with the Republican forces defeating the rebels in 1800.
467:
447:
442:
282:
872:
841:) led the insurgents. His nickname probably came from his imitation of the call of the tawny owl (the
377:
5251:
4887:
4709:
4631:
4567:
4480:
4088:
4078:
4048:
3966:
3871:
3586:
3403:
3350:
3155:
3119:
3064:
2938:
2135:
1666:
1505:
1399:
1154:
603:
5327:
5257:
5105:
5035:
5012:
4967:
4892:
4872:
4837:
4812:
4744:
4445:
3971:
3355:
3234:
2992:
2904:
2679:
2671:
2647:
2406:
1792:
1611:
1221:
1096:
939:
892:
884:
728:
553:
193:
161:
36:
4552:
3991:
1188:
Because neither side had negotiated in good faith, tension again increased following the death of
989:
4787:
4517:
4368:
4330:
4325:
4073:
4026:
3986:
3732:
3724:
3419:
3379:
3191:
3084:
2848:
2823:
2815:
2767:
2588:
2017:
1827:
1807:
1119:
1088:
42:
5135:
4952:
4714:
4587:
4144:
2435:
1880:
1839:
1690:
1650:
1355:
826:
232:
228:
2030:
1217:
by the troops of Adjutant-General Josnet. De Silz was killed in action, and his men retreated.
5364:
5297:
5287:
5267:
4922:
4621:
4373:
3671:
3610:
3594:
3387:
2911:
2758:
2467:
2321:
2288:
1864:
1772:
1646:
1552:
1520:
1337:
1275:
1263:
1127:
1107:
1084:
1049:
1016:
978:
946:
877:
748:
740:
723:
699:
634:
327:
208:
2099:
Minority Language Writers in the Wake of World War One: A Case Study of Four European Authors
1350:
Guerilla fighting resumed after the failure of the British royalist expedition and spread to
5432:
5292:
5211:
5085:
5080:
5070:
4802:
4729:
4666:
4636:
4408:
4378:
4273:
3976:
3826:
3751:
3488:
3472:
3427:
3363:
3334:
3129:
3008:
2891:
2784:
2398:
2349:
2342:
2314:
1540:
1512:
1440:
1286:
1030:
997:
981:
on the battlefield or executions following the expeditive revolutionary due process of law.
969:
888:
810:
691:
673:
274:
246:
242:
216:
198:
72:
929:
5357:
5145:
4822:
4817:
4782:
4532:
4136:
4131:
4033:
3956:
3846:
3816:
3175:
3051:
2776:
2750:
2722:
2551:
2523:
2174:
The Chouans: The Social Origins of Popular Counter-Revolution in Upper Brittany, 1770-1796
1868:
1662:
1658:
1639:
1149:
1064:
904:
656:
181:
5002:
1020:
5427:
5369:
5175:
4997:
4777:
4497:
4360:
4355:
4305:
4300:
4120:
3308:
2811:
2073:
les Armées catholiques et royale au nord de la Loire. Petite histoire de la Chouannerie
2060:
les Armées catholiques et royale au nord de la Loire. Petite histoire de la Chouannerie
2034:
1876:
1872:
1726:
1631:
1563:
1504:
was hunted down, imprisoned and shot on 29 March 1796. His death marked the end of the
1448:
1072:
858:
830:
822:
295:
237:
203:
189:
5497:
5441:
5412:
5282:
5100:
4907:
4877:
4719:
4615:
4507:
4068:
4011:
2185:
2046:
2009:
1942:
1923:
1898:
1892:
1886:
1409:
joined France to fight with the Chouans, but numerous disputes broke out among them.
710:
996:, where Joseph de Fay and Béjarry, former officers of the Vendean army, assisted by
5448:
5393:
5307:
5262:
5090:
4972:
4764:
3921:
3906:
3876:
1975:, Société archéologique et historique de l'arrondissement de Fougères, 1989, p. 313
1616:
1304:
1298:
1193:
853:
771:
718:
173:
1012:
131:
2086:
les Armées catholiques et royale au nord de la Loire. Petite histoire des Chouans
802:, a justice of the peace led several parishes in an uprising in the name of King
5400:
5302:
5160:
5050:
4827:
4797:
4098:
3946:
2139:
2031:"Quelques dates de l'histoire en France, en Bretagne, en Finistère et à Roscoff"
1822:
1816:
1812:
1797:
1621:
1606:
1544:
1416:
division, the most important one in Ille-et-Vilaine, and appointed as his chief
1413:
1214:
916:
908:
212:
5206:
5045:
4913:
4661:
4016:
2491:
2180:
1480:
1460:
1206:
1189:
1213:. Likewise, de Silz, who had taken up arms again, was attacked on 28 June at
992:, which was dominated by the Chevalier de Boishardy. On 15 March, it reached
16:
1794–1800 set of battles between the French revolutionaries and the royalists
5040:
4686:
4597:
4180:
3549:
2542:
1378:
1285:, scattered. The second column, led by Vincent de Tinténiac and seconded by
1133:
818:
803:
1949:, Quadrige/PUF, 1989, p. 218, entrée "Chouans/Chouannerie" par Roger Dupuy.
1578:
in the lower part of Maine, which was controlled by the Prince of Talmont.
1444:
1024:
964:
763:
2215:
5388:
5383:
5322:
5201:
5075:
3841:
2856:
1959:
1930:, Quadrige/PUF, 1989, p. 217, "Chouans/Chouannerie" entry by Roger Dupu.]
1859:
1351:
1280:
1270:
1169:
993:
985:
687:
76:
68:
1764:, Le Mans,tome CLIII, p. 13-64, 2002 and tome CLV, p 65–120, 2004.
900:
814:
799:
795:
759:
1366:
La Chapelle de La Madeleine à Malestroit (Morbihan) - 15 nivôse an III
809:
In the summer of 1792, further incidents occurred in the districts of
1497:
1464:
1436:
1424:
1229:
1138:
1092:
1076:
838:
787:
739:
and reinstate the devolved government, specific laws, and customs of
702:. It played out in three phases and lasted from spring 1794 to 1800.
669:
120:
103:
2257:
1657:("The Battle of Kergidou") in 1877, the first and only novel in the
968:
Up to 6,000 peasants hostile to conscription swept into the town of
2184: This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
1358:, who had freshly landed in France in 1795, organised an uprising.
1083:, his authority as a Chouan chief only extended to his own canton.
4390:
1588:
1360:
1303:
1132:
1123:
963:
896:
852:
1468:
1075:. His authority later extended to Loire-Atlantique, Mayenne and
938:, i.e. "Silver Leg"), had Chouans and Vendeans who survived the
731:. A first attempt at staging an uprising was carried out by the
5344:
5239:
4429:
3779:
3025:
2384:
2261:
2016:, Quadrige/PUF, 1989, p. 219, entrée "Chouans/Chouannerie" par
1063:, however, were not as united as the Morbihan. In the north of
833:, where peasants opposed a levy of volunteers for the army. At
557:
331:
4456:
François Alexandre Frédéric, duc de la Rochefoucauld-Liancourt
4270:
837:, in the department of Mayenne, Jean Cottereau (known as Jean
1734:
La chouannerie mayennaise sous la Convention et le Directoire
1192:
on 8 June. The peace was broken on 26 August 1794 by General
1760:
Jean Lepart,"Histoire de la Chouannerie dans la Sarthe", in
1718:, Imprimerie Benderitter puis M. Vilaire, Le Mans, 1925–1937
1114:. However, after the intervention of British Prime Minister
1324:
Meanwhile, in Quiberon, reinforcements of 2,000 men led by
1531:
The uprising lasted until the Republican victory in 1800.
1489:
were amenable to those measures and laid down their arms.
1130:
and Anjou, where Scépeaux appointed him general-in-chief.
1958:"There are at their head", wrote the procureur syndic of
1780:
Le dernier des Chouans Louis-Stanislas Sortant, 1777–1840
1642:. It was also depicted in paintings and popular imagery.
1103:, his second-in-command, assumed command in his absence.
1079:. However, he commanded in name only since like in other
1558:
In Brittany, the Chouans were supported by many nobles:
1269:
A counterattack by Hoche forced the Chouans back to the
1634:. The uprising is also the central action of the novel
1172:, to stop fighting. On 26 December, Brigadier General
1630:, a collection of short stories about the Chouans by
1289:, prepared to attack but received a message from the
786:
loyalty to State requirements caused peasants around
5186:
List of people associated with the French Revolution
1604:
This Chouannerie uprising was featured in the novel
1255:. However, disagreements between the general of the
5418:
Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen
5194:
5028:
5021:
4906:
4763:
4685:
4596:
4489:
4436:
4387:
4352:
4322:
4297:
4254:
4128:
4119:
4097:
3802:
3786:
3744:
3707:
3662:
3569:
3516:
3447:
3317:
3291:
3208:
3105:
3032:
2977:
2958:
2931:
2868:
2804:
2699:
2632:
2581:
2535:
2508:
Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen
2418:
2391:
1095:to London on 11 September 1794 to meet future King
2014:Dictionnaire historique de la Révolution française
1983:
1981:
1947:Dictionnaire historique de la Révolution française
1928:Dictionnaire historique de la Révolution française
1220:On 23 June 1795, a British fleet led by Commodore
1158:became more flexible and open to negotiation. The
1547:, called Jean Chouan; Pierre Guillemot, known as
1320:), painting by Paul-Émile Boutigny, 19th century.
5509:Royalist insurgents during the French Revolution
4344:Frederick Louis, Prince of Hohenlohe-Ingelfingen
1716:La Révolution dans le Maine. Revue bimestrielle
1665:. The novel is set during the 1793 uprising in
1539:The principal leaders of the insurrection were
766:are also identified as "chouanneries". Another
21:
2386:Significant civil and political events by year
2167:A Critical Dictionary of the French Revolution
1087:, a former officer who was compromised in the
2273:
705:The uprising was provoked principally by the
569:
343:
8:
5439:
5398:
5374:
5355:
4339:Charles William Ferdinand, Duke of Brunswick
1560:Charles Armand Tuffin, marquis de la Rouërie
686:of France, particularly in the provinces of
291:Charles Armand Tuffin, marquis de la Rouërie
1492:Hoche's priority was to pacify the Vendée.
857:An episode of the Chouannerie, painting by
5341:
5236:
5025:
4543:Alexandre-Théodore-Victor, comte de Lameth
4426:
4125:
3799:
3776:
3022:
2381:
2280:
2266:
2258:
2240:French Revolution: Revolutionary campaigns
1762:Revue Historique et Archéologique du Maine
576:
562:
554:
350:
336:
328:
35:
18:
4808:Louis Michel le Peletier de Saint-Fargeau
4466:Honoré Gabriel Riqueti, comte de Mirabeau
4289:Prince Frederick, Duke of York and Albany
1496:was captured and shot by firing squad in
2524:Nationalization of the Church properties
2226:
1919:
1917:
1915:
1370:The Chapel of La Madelaine in Malestroit
1249:Jacques Anne Joseph Le Prestre de Vauban
5469:Historiography of the French Revolution
4740:Antoine Christophe Merlin de Thionville
4451:Gilbert du Motier, Marquis de Lafayette
2203:. London and New York: Frederick Warne.
1911:
1519:was the last to surrender, on 26 June.
774:War, and a final one occurred in 1832.
4476:Charles Maurice de Talleyrand-Périgord
4431:Other significant figures and factions
1973:La Révolution dans le Pays de Fougères
1938:
1936:
1805:, tome XIII. (also adapted as a film,
1769:Dictionnaire des Chouans de la Mayenne
1709:Les Chouans de la Mayenne. 1792 - 1796
1475:, Sarthe and part of Ille-et-Vilaine.
1110:and distrusted Puisaye, who advocated
1069:Marie Paul de Scépeaux de Bois-Guignot
794:Sébastien-Michel Amelot from those of
5504:Political parties established in 1793
4523:François-Marie, marquis de Barthélemy
4279:James Saumarez, 1st Baron de Saumarez
4218:Prince Josias of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld
4176:Friedrich Adolf, Count von Kalckreuth
2656:Paris Commune becomes insurrectionary
2165:Furet, François and Mona Ozouf, eds.
1457:Jean-Baptiste Annibal Aubert du Bayet
1372:), painting by Alexandre Bloch, 1886.
1071:was named commander for the north of
870:By January 1794, the Vendéans of the
655:
7:
4677:Louis Marie de La Révellière-Lépeaux
4089:Claude Victor-Perrin, Duc de Belluno
2876:Insurrection of 12 Germinal Year III
1741:Les Grandes Heures de la chouannerie
1412:In January 1796, Puisaye joined the
1383:Jean-Joseph Ruault de La Tribonnière
1297:on 18 July. They reached the bay of
1232:. They joined 15,000 Chouans led by
915:and Laval. The small groups, led by
672:brothers, two of its leaders) was a
4284:Edward Pellew, 1st Viscount Exmouth
1895:, 'Sir Isumbras at the Ford', 1918.
1782:, Éditions Ophrys-SPM, Paris, 2007.
1771:, Éditions régionales de l'Ouest -
1755:Histoire générale de la chouannerie
1314:Un épisode de l'affaire de Quiberon
1251:, the great-grandnephew of Marshal
1027:did not take part in the uprising.
754:Briefer peasant uprisings in other
5474:Influence of the French Revolution
5464:Symbolism in the French Revolution
4228:Prince Heinrich XV of Reuss-Plauen
4189:Charles Eugene, Prince of Lambesc
2444:Convocation of the Estates General
1798:Les Chouans ou la Bretagne en 1799
1266:cost the Royalists precious time.
984:The Chouannerie spread quickly to
709:(1790), which attempted to impose
14:
5116:Guillaume-Chrétien de Malesherbes
4848:Antoine Quentin Fouquier-Tinville
4150:Archduke Charles, Duke of Teschen
3932:François Christophe de Kellermann
3171:Battle of Peyrestortes (Pyrenees)
1318:An Episode of the Quiberon affair
1164:asked the Chouans in the name of
895:. Groups of Chouans north of the
727:(1793), which was decided by the
47:painting by Alexandre Bloch, 1885
4843:Philippe-Antoine Merlin de Douai
4750:Pierre Samuel du Pont de Nemours
4720:Lazare Nicolas Marguerite Carnot
4611:Jean-Marie Roland de la Platière
4389:
4354:
4324:
4299:
4256:
4130:
4007:Édouard Mortier, Duke of Trévise
3788:
2560:Civil Constitution of the Clergy
2214:
2179:
1238:Paul Alexandre du Bois-Berthelot
784:Civil Constitution of the Clergy
707:Civil Constitution of the Clergy
294:
236:
202:
137:
125:
114:
102:
5181:Jean-Jacques Duval d'Eprémesnil
4928:Jacques-Nicolas Billaud-Varenne
4853:Philippe-François-Joseph Le Bas
4064:Jean-Mathieu-Philibert Sérurier
4059:Barthélemy Louis Joseph Schérer
4039:Catherine-Dominique de Pérignon
3867:Adam Philippe, Comte de Custine
2785:Marie Antoinette is guillotined
1453:Army of the Coasts of Cherbourg
1224:, landed 3,500 soldiers of the
1015:and the west of Côtes-d'Armor,
806:against the local authorities.
5454:Women in the French Revolution
5056:Louis Antoine, Duke of Enghien
4233:Johann Mészáros von Szoboszló
3897:Pierre Marie Barthélemy Ferino
3526:French invasion of Switzerland
1852:les mouchoirs rouges de Cholet
1683:Jacques Duchemin des Cépeaux,
1433:Jean Baptiste Camille Canclaux
1253:Sébastien Le Prestre de Vauban
770:broke out in 1815, during the
1:
5519:1793 establishments in France
5459:Incroyables and merveilleuses
5278:Pierre Claude François Daunou
5066:Louis Joseph, Prince of Condé
4197:Maximilian Baillet de Latour
4168:Friedrich Freiherr von Hotze
3465:Naval Engagement off Brittany
3218:Battle of Villers-en-Cauchies
3192:Battle of Truillas (Pyrenees)
3001:Constitution of the Year VIII
2736:Committee of General Security
2621:National Legislative Assembly
2476:National Constituent Assembly
1750:, Hachette Littérature, 1997.
1736:, Imp. Martin, Le Mans, 1988.
1700:Abbé Jean-François Paulouin,
1326:Charles de Virot de Sombreuil
957:, the chief commander of the
883:, following a setback of the
782:In 1791, the adoption of the
5514:Military history of Brittany
5377:Liberté, égalité, fraternité
5171:Charles Alexandre de Calonne
5061:Louis Henri, Prince of Condé
4958:Jean Baptiste Noël Bouchotte
4858:Marc-Guillaume Alexis Vadier
4548:Charles Malo François Lameth
4223:Peter Vitus von Quosdanovich
4054:Laurent de Gouvion Saint-Cyr
3997:Bon-Adrien Jeannot de Moncey
3197:Second Battle of Wissembourg
2884:Constitution of the Year III
1054:Sébastien de La Haye de Silz
972:in Brittany on 15 March 1793
5273:Charles-Augustin de Coulomb
4898:Antoine Christophe Saliceti
4833:Jean-Marie Collot d'Herbois
4793:Louis Antoine de Saint-Just
4672:Jean-Baptiste Robert Lindet
4657:Jérôme Pétion de Villeneuve
4652:Pierre Victurnien Vergniaud
4461:Isaac René Guy le Chapelier
4314:William V, Prince of Orange
3184:First Battle of Wissembourg
3141:(21 Dec 1792 - 25 May 1793)
2857:Closing of the Jacobin Club
2726:(27 Jun 1793 – 27 Jul 1794)
2683:(20 Sep 1792 – 26 Oct 1795)
2543:Abolition of the Parlements
2516:Women's March on Versailles
2250:Battle of Aldenhoven (1794)
1901:, 'The Yellow Poppy', 1920.
1697:, Michel Lévy, Paris, 1856;
1685:Souvenirs de la Chouannerie
1661:to be published before the
1202:Army of the Coasts of Brest
1178:peace treaty of La Mabilais
1101:Pierre Dezoteux de Cormatin
959:Army of the Coasts of Brest
5540:
5408:French Republican calendar
4963:Jean-Baptiste-Joseph Gobel
4588:Bertrand Barère de Vieuzac
3942:Pierre Choderlos de Laclos
3892:Charles François Dumouriez
3882:Jacques François Dugommier
3696:League of Armed Neutrality
3529:(28 January – 17 May 1798)
3481:Battle of the Bay of Cádiz
3304:(22 Nov 1794 - 7 Jun 1795)
3283:(22 Nov 1794 - 7 Jun 1795)
2947:Second Congress of Rastatt
2731:Committee of Public Safety
2718:(9 Mar 1793 – 31 May 1795)
1714:Abbé Almire Belin (dir.),
1262:and the expedition leader
1148:fell on 28 July 1794, the
5423:Cult of the Supreme Being
5351:
5340:
5246:
5235:
4583:Pierre Paul Royer-Collard
4438:Patriotic Society of 1789
4425:
4241:Karl Philipp Sebottendorf
4163:Karl Aloys zu Fürstenberg
3775:
3680:Convention of Alessandria
3021:
2966:Law of 22 Floréal Year VI
2427:What Is the Third Estate?
2380:
2295:
1971:Christian Le Boutellier,
1704:, Monnoyer, Le Mans, 1875
1291:Agence royaliste de Paris
1161:Agence royaliste de Paris
1146:Maximilien de Robespierre
715:Catholic Church in France
680:in twelve of the western
598:
590:French Revolutionary Wars
433:2nd Rocher de La Piochais
403:1st Rocher de La Piochais
373:
361:French Revolutionary Wars
302:
158:Jean-Baptiste de Canclaux
151:
95:
51:
34:
29:French Revolutionary Wars
26:
5131:Gui-Jean-Baptiste Target
5096:Joséphine de Beauharnais
4978:Stanislas-Marie Maillard
4948:François-Nicolas Vincent
4933:Pierre Gaspard Chaumette
4107:Charles-Alexandre Linois
4002:Jean Victor Marie Moreau
3982:François Séverin Marceau
3962:François Joseph Lefebvre
3857:Jean-Étienne Championnet
3832:Louis-Alexandre Berthier
3827:Jean-Baptiste Bernadotte
3822:Alexandre de Beauharnais
3812:Eustache Charles d'Aoust
3534:French Invasion of Egypt
3412:Second Battle of Bassano
3146:Battle of Kaiserslautern
2920:Conspiracy of the Equals
2613:The Constitution of 1791
2484:Storming of the Bastille
2234:Battle of Fleurus (1794)
2200:The Nuttall Encyclopædia
2125:", or everyday chouans).
1845:Le Chevalier des Touches
1835:Jules Barbey d'Aurevilly
1695:Scènes de la Chouannerie
1260:Louis Charles d'Hervilly
1137:Chouans hiding behind a
1116:William Pitt the Younger
790:to rise to defend their
259:Comte Louis de Rosmorduc
5111:Jacques-Donatien Le Ray
4983:Charles-Philippe Ronsin
4943:Antoine-François Momoro
4938:Charles-Philippe Ronsin
4755:François de Neufchâteau
4705:Charles-François Lebrun
4647:Jean Baptiste Treilhard
4528:Guillaume-Mathieu Dumas
4404:Luis Firmin de Carvajal
4210:Rudolf Ritter von Otto
4205:Karl Mack von Leiberich
3837:Jean-Baptiste Bessières
3651:Second Battle of Zurich
3542:Irish Rebellion of 1798
3388:First Battle of Bassano
3226:Second Battle of Boulou
3027:Revolutionary campaigns
2985:Coup of 30 Prairial VII
2900:Council of Five Hundred
2688:First republic declared
2624:(1 Oct 1791 – Sep 1792)
2605:Declaration of Pillnitz
2329:Constitutional monarchy
2045:Cadoudal, escaped from
1517:Aimé Picquet du Boisguy
1418:Aimé Picquet du Boisguy
1035:Pierre-Mathurin Mercier
271:Pierre-Mathurin Mercier
5440:
5399:
5375:
5356:
4868:Prieur de la Côte-d'Or
4863:Jean-Pierre-André Amar
4773:Maximilien Robespierre
4606:Jacques Pierre Brissot
4471:Emmanuel Joseph Sieyès
3902:Louis-Charles de Flers
3887:Thomas-Alexandre Dumas
3852:Jean François Carteaux
3627:First Battle of Zurich
3590:(20 Mar – 21 May 1799)
3545:(23 May – 23 Sep 1798)
3505:Treaty of Campo Formio
3251:Glorious First of June
3179:(18 Sep – 18 Dec 1793)
3138:Expedition to Sardinia
2816:Desmoulins guillotined
2751:Assassination of Marat
2743:Fall of the Girondists
2715:Revolutionary Tribunal
2707:Execution of Louis XVI
2597:Champ de Mars massacre
2500:Abolition of Feudalism
2084:Gabriel du Pontavice,
2071:Gabriel du Pontavice,
2058:Gabriel du Pontavice,
2049:, rejected the treaty.
2039:Chouannerie, 1789-1815
1889:, 'Chantemerle', 1912.
1636:The Marquis of Carabas
1601:
1543:, his brother Julian,
1478:In December 1795, the
1443:, Maine-et-Loire, the
1395:chevaliers catholiques
1373:
1321:
1198:Jean Antoine Rossignol
1184:Second phase 1795–1796
1141:
1112:parliamentary monarchy
973:
955:Jean Antoine Rossignol
887:, tried to resist the
862:
473:Saint-Aubin-du-Cormier
438:2nd La Croix-Avranchin
418:1st La Croix-Avranchin
225:Marie Paul de Scépeaux
166:Jean Antoine Rossignol
152:Commanders and leaders
5313:Jean-Jacques Rousseau
4578:Jean-Charles Pichegru
4558:Jean-François Rewbell
4044:Jean-Charles Pichegru
3927:Jean-Baptiste Jourdan
3917:Jacques Maurice Hatry
3688:Battle of Hohenlinden
3561:(12 Oct – 5 Dec 1798)
3396:Battle of Emmendingen
3343:Battle of Castiglione
3230:(30 Apr – 1 May 1794)
3161:Battle of Hondschoote
2832:Thermidorian Reaction
2796:(throughout the year)
2569:Fête de la Fédération
2495:(20 Jul – 5 Aug 1789)
2479:(9 Jul – 30 Sep 1791)
2463:(17 Jun – 9 Jul 1790)
2101:, Palgrave. Page 226.
2033:et l'introduction de
1723:Chouans de la Mayenne
1592:
1523:returned to England.
1500:on 25 February 1796.
1494:Jean-Nicolas Stofflet
1364:
1307:
1166:Louis XVIII of France
1136:
1002:battle of Mangolérian
967:
866:First phase 1794–1795
856:
653:French pronunciation:
5241:Influential thinkers
4988:Jean-François Varlet
4888:Jean-Lambert Tallien
4883:Jean Bon Saint-André
4710:Pierre-Joseph Cambon
4632:Marquis de Condorcet
4481:Nicolas de Condorcet
4246:Dagobert von Wurmser
4079:Louis-Gabriel Suchet
4022:Pierre-Jacques Osten
3937:Jean-Baptiste Kléber
3872:Louis-Nicolas Davout
3862:Chapuis de Tourville
3404:Battle of Schliengen
3351:Battle of Theiningen
3272:Battle of Aldenhoven
3156:Battle of Wattignies
3125:Battle of Neerwinden
2939:Coup of 18 Fructidor
2452:Death of the Dauphin
2223:at Wikimedia Commons
2172:Sutherland, Donald.
2123:chouans au quotidien
2037:à la bande-dessinée
1502:François de Charette
1234:Vincent de Tinténiac
1155:Convention nationale
835:Saint-Ouën-des-Toits
733:Association bretonne
287:Guillaume Le Métayer
255:Amateur de Boishardy
186:Gabriel d'Hédouville
170:Jean-Baptiste Kléber
5524:Catholic rebellions
5328:Mary Wollstonecraft
5106:Jean Sylvain Bailly
4893:Pierre Louis Prieur
4838:Jean-Henri Voulland
4813:Jacques-Louis David
4745:Jean Joseph Mounier
4446:Jean Sylvain Bailly
4084:Belgrand de Vaubois
3972:Jean-Antoine Marbot
3912:Emmanuel de Grouchy
3717:Treaty of Lunéville
3356:Battle of Neresheim
3301:Siege of Luxembourg
3280:Siege of Luxembourg
3235:Battle of Tourcoing
3166:Siege of Bellegarde
2993:Coup of 18 Brumaire
2905:Council of Ancients
2680:National Convention
2672:September Massacres
2648:Brunswick Manifesto
2640:France declares war
2407:Assembly of Vizille
2097:Jelle Krol (2020),
1711:, Lévy, Paris, 1900
1598:Évariste Carpentier
1222:John Borlase Warren
1106:Charles X favoured
1097:Charles X of France
1048:, rescued from the
893:Louis Marie Turreau
729:National Convention
493:Noyant-la-Gravoyère
383:Quiberon expedition
194:Claude Ursule Gency
162:Jean-Michel Beysser
5166:Loménie de Brienne
5141:Madame de Lamballe
5076:Napoléon Bonaparte
4873:Prieur de la Marne
4788:Camille Desmoulins
4642:Marie Jean Hérault
4518:Jean-Sifrein Maury
4513:Arnaud de La Porte
4369:Alexander Korsakov
4155:Count of Clerfayt
4074:Jean-de-Dieu Soult
3987:Auguste de Marmont
3842:Napoléon Bonaparte
3733:Algeciras campaign
3725:Treaty of Florence
3603:Battle of Stockach
3436:Ireland expedition
3420:Battle of Calliano
3380:Battle of Rovereto
3372:Battle of Würzburg
2824:Law of 22 Prairial
2793:Anti-clerical laws
2768:The Death of Marat
2589:Flight to Varennes
1828:Quatrevingt-treize
1803:La Comédie humaine
1725:, Éditions Siloé,
1602:
1585:In popular culture
1549:the king of Bignan
1374:
1322:
1310:battle of Quiberon
1142:
1120:lieutenant general
1089:federalist revolts
979:summary executions
974:
863:
768:petite chouannerie
678:counter-revolution
87:Republican victory
43:Rochefort-en-Terre
5491:
5490:
5487:
5486:
5365:Cockade of France
5336:
5335:
5298:Antoine Lavoisier
5288:Benjamin Franklin
5268:Anacharsis Cloots
5231:
5230:
5227:
5226:
5151:Louis de Breteuil
4993:Theophile Leclerc
4421:
4420:
4417:
4416:
4374:Alexander Suvorov
4115:
4114:
4049:Józef Poniatowski
3967:Étienne Macdonald
3771:
3770:
3672:Battle of Marengo
3635:Battle of Trebbia
3619:Battle of Cassano
3611:Battle of Magnano
3595:Battle of Ostrach
3497:Battle of Neuwied
3259:Battle of Fleurus
3243:Battle of Tournay
3120:War in the Vendée
3056:Royalist Revolts
3017:
3016:
2574:
2550:Abolition of the
2468:Tennis Court Oath
2460:National Assembly
2289:French Revolution
2256:
2255:
2246:Succeeded by
2219:Media related to
2136:War in the Vendée
2041:, Fleurus, 1989.
1865:Philippe de Broca
1767:Hubert La Marle,
1667:Saint-Pol-de-Léon
1647:Breton literature
1553:Joseph de Puisaye
1506:War in the Vendée
1338:Joseph de Puisaye
1108:absolute monarchy
1085:Joseph de Puisaye
1050:Battle of Savenay
1017:Basse-Cornouaille
947:guerrilla warfare
925:Jean-Louis Treton
821:(Côtes-d'Armor),
749:guerrilla warfare
741:Duchy of Brittany
700:French Revolution
644:
643:
551:
550:
326:
325:
283:Jean-Louis Treton
263:Louis de Bourmont
209:Joseph de Puisaye
91:
90:
5531:
5445:
5433:Temple of Reason
5404:
5380:
5361:
5342:
5293:Thomas Jefferson
5237:
5156:de Chateaubriand
5086:Joseph Bonaparte
5081:Lucien Bonaparte
5071:Marie Antoinette
5026:
5013:Sylvain Maréchal
4968:François Hanriot
4803:Louis Philippe I
4730:Louis Philippe I
4725:Philippe Égalité
4667:Olympe de Gouges
4637:Charlotte Corday
4627:Étienne Clavière
4427:
4409:Antonio Ricardos
4394:
4393:
4379:Andrei Rosenberg
4359:
4358:
4329:
4328:
4304:
4303:
4274:Ralph Abercromby
4261:
4260:
4236:
4213:
4200:
4192:
4184:
4171:
4158:
4135:
4134:
4126:
4030:
3977:Marcellin Marbot
3800:
3793:
3792:
3781:Military leaders
3777:
3764:
3756:
3752:Treaty of Amiens
3737:
3729:
3721:
3700:
3692:
3684:
3676:
3655:
3654:(25–26 Sep 1799)
3647:
3639:
3638:(17–20 Jun 1799)
3631:
3623:
3622:(27–28 Apr 1799)
3615:
3607:
3599:
3598:(20–21 Mar 1799)
3591:
3583:
3579:Second Coalition
3562:
3554:
3546:
3538:
3530:
3509:
3501:
3493:
3489:Treaty of Leoben
3485:
3477:
3476:(14–15 Jan 1797)
3473:Battle of Rivoli
3469:
3461:
3457:Italian campaign
3440:
3432:
3431:(15–17 Nov 1796)
3428:Battle of Arcole
3424:
3416:
3408:
3400:
3392:
3384:
3376:
3368:
3364:Battle of Amberg
3360:
3347:
3339:
3335:Battle of Lonato
3331:
3327:Italian campaign
3305:
3284:
3276:
3263:
3255:
3247:
3239:
3231:
3222:
3201:
3200:(26–27 Dec 1793)
3188:
3180:
3142:
3134:
3130:Battle of Famars
3098:
3023:
3005:
2997:
2989:
2970:
2951:
2943:
2924:
2916:
2896:
2888:
2880:
2861:
2853:
2845:
2836:
2828:
2820:
2797:
2789:
2781:
2773:
2763:
2755:
2747:
2727:
2719:
2711:
2692:
2684:
2676:
2668:
2660:
2652:
2644:
2625:
2617:
2609:
2601:
2593:
2592:(20–21 Jun 1791)
2572:
2564:
2556:
2547:
2528:
2520:
2512:
2504:
2496:
2488:
2480:
2472:
2464:
2456:
2448:
2440:
2432:
2411:
2403:
2399:Day of the Tiles
2382:
2282:
2275:
2268:
2259:
2230:Preceded by
2227:
2218:
2204:
2183:
2153:
2149:
2143:
2132:
2126:
2118:
2112:
2108:
2102:
2095:
2089:
2082:
2076:
2069:
2063:
2056:
2050:
2044:
2027:
2021:
2007:
2001:
1998:
1992:
1985:
1976:
1969:
1963:
1956:
1950:
1940:
1931:
1921:
1793:Honoré de Balzac
1787:Works of fiction
1778:Bernard Coquet,
1612:Honoré de Balzac
1541:Georges Cadoudal
1513:Georges Cadoudal
1441:Loire-Atlantique
1429:Army of the West
1403:
1391:
1381:division led by
1287:Georges Cadoudal
1284:
1246:
1196:, who succeeded
1168:, then count of
1126:, including the
1099:. Major-General
1043:
1031:Georges Cadoudal
1010:
998:Pierre Guillemot
988:and reached the
970:La Roche-Bernard
940:Virée de Galerne
933:
889:infernal columns
885:Virée de Galerne
881:
873:Vendée militaire
843:chouette hulotte
667:
666:
665:
659:
657:[ʃwanʁi]
654:
593:
591:
585:Royalist Revolts
578:
571:
564:
555:
368:
362:
352:
345:
338:
329:
317:1800: 75,000 men
315:1799: 45,000 men
313:1795: 68,000 men
309:Army of the West
298:
279:
251:
243:Pierre Guillemot
240:
221:
206:
199:Georges Cadoudal
147:
143:
141:
140:
130:
129:
128:
119:
118:
117:
107:
106:
53:
52:
39:
19:
5539:
5538:
5534:
5533:
5532:
5530:
5529:
5528:
5494:
5493:
5492:
5483:
5358:La Marseillaise
5347:
5346:Cultural impact
5332:
5242:
5223:
5190:
5146:Madame du Barry
5136:Catherine Théot
5126:Thérésa Tallien
5017:
5008:Gracchus Babeuf
4953:François Chabot
4910:
4902:
4823:Georges Couthon
4818:Marquis de Sade
4783:Jean-Paul Marat
4759:
4715:Bertrand Barère
4681:
4592:
4573:Boissy d'Anglas
4568:Madame de Staël
4533:Antoine Barnave
4501:
4494:
4485:
4432:
4413:
4388:
4383:
4353:
4348:
4323:
4318:
4298:
4293:
4255:
4250:
4234:
4211:
4198:
4190:
4182:
4169:
4156:
4145:József Alvinczi
4129:
4111:
4093:
4034:Nicolas Oudinot
4024:
3957:Claude Lecourbe
3952:Charles Leclerc
3847:Guillaume Brune
3817:Pierre Augereau
3787:
3782:
3767:
3762:
3760:Treaty of Paris
3754:
3740:
3735:
3727:
3719:
3703:
3698:
3690:
3682:
3674:
3658:
3653:
3645:
3637:
3629:
3621:
3613:
3605:
3597:
3589:
3581:
3565:
3560:
3552:
3544:
3536:
3528:
3512:
3507:
3499:
3491:
3483:
3475:
3467:
3459:
3443:
3438:
3430:
3422:
3414:
3406:
3398:
3390:
3382:
3374:
3366:
3358:
3345:
3337:
3329:
3313:
3303:
3287:
3282:
3274:
3261:
3253:
3245:
3237:
3229:
3220:
3204:
3199:
3186:
3178:
3176:Siege of Toulon
3140:
3132:
3115:First Coalition
3101:
3092:
3028:
3013:
3003:
2995:
2987:
2973:
2968:
2954:
2949:
2941:
2927:
2922:
2914:
2894:
2886:
2878:
2864:
2859:
2851:
2843:
2834:
2826:
2818:
2800:
2795:
2787:
2779:
2777:Law of Suspects
2771:
2761:
2753:
2745:
2725:
2723:Reign of Terror
2717:
2709:
2695:
2690:
2682:
2674:
2666:
2658:
2650:
2642:
2628:
2623:
2615:
2607:
2599:
2591:
2577:
2562:
2554:
2545:
2531:
2526:
2518:
2510:
2503:(4–11 Aug 1789)
2502:
2494:
2486:
2478:
2470:
2462:
2454:
2446:
2438:
2436:Réveillon riots
2430:
2414:
2409:
2401:
2387:
2376:
2291:
2286:
2247:
2242:
2231:
2211:
2193:, ed. (1907). "
2189:
2169:(1989), pp 3–10
2162:
2160:Further reading
2157:
2156:
2150:
2146:
2133:
2129:
2119:
2115:
2109:
2105:
2096:
2092:
2083:
2079:
2070:
2066:
2057:
2053:
2042:
2028:
2024:
2008:
2004:
1999:
1995:
1986:
1979:
1970:
1966:
1957:
1953:
1941:
1934:
1922:
1913:
1908:
1881:Stéphane Freiss
1869:Philippe Noiret
1789:
1757:, Perrin, 2000.
1691:Émile Souvestre
1680:
1675:
1663:First World War
1659:Breton language
1655:Emgann Kergidou
1640:Rafael Sabatini
1627:The Man in Grey
1600:, 19th century.
1587:
1537:
1529:
1463:and controlled
1459:, was based in
1439:and controlled
1435:, was based in
1397:
1385:
1356:Louis de Frotté
1312:
1278:
1240:
1200:as head of the
1186:
1037:
1004:
927:
921:Aimé du Boisguy
905:Ille-et-Vilaine
875:
868:
861:, 19th century.
851:
827:Château-Gontier
780:
737:French monarchy
717:, and the mass
662:
661:
660:
652:
645:
640:
594:
589:
586:
584:
582:
552:
547:
533:2nd Saint-James
428:1st Saint-James
369:
366:The Chouannerie
360:
358:
356:
321:
316:
314:
312:
289:
285:
281:
275:
269:
267:Louis d'Andigné
265:
261:
257:
253:
247:
241:
233:Louis de Frotté
231:
229:Aimé du Boisguy
227:
223:
217:
211:
207:
192:
188:
184:
182:Guillaume Brune
180:
176:
172:
168:
164:
160:
138:
136:
135:
134:
126:
124:
123:
115:
113:
109:French Republic
101:
79:
46:
41:The defence of
40:
17:
12:
11:
5:
5537:
5535:
5527:
5526:
5521:
5516:
5511:
5506:
5496:
5495:
5489:
5488:
5485:
5484:
5482:
5481:
5476:
5471:
5466:
5461:
5456:
5451:
5446:
5437:
5436:
5435:
5428:Cult of Reason
5425:
5420:
5415:
5410:
5405:
5396:
5391:
5386:
5381:
5372:
5370:Flag of France
5367:
5362:
5352:
5349:
5348:
5345:
5338:
5337:
5334:
5333:
5331:
5330:
5325:
5320:
5315:
5310:
5305:
5300:
5295:
5290:
5285:
5280:
5275:
5270:
5265:
5260:
5255:
5247:
5244:
5243:
5240:
5233:
5232:
5229:
5228:
5225:
5224:
5222:
5221:
5216:
5215:
5214:
5209:
5198:
5196:
5192:
5191:
5189:
5188:
5183:
5178:
5176:Jacques Necker
5173:
5168:
5163:
5158:
5153:
5148:
5143:
5138:
5133:
5128:
5123:
5118:
5113:
5108:
5103:
5098:
5093:
5088:
5083:
5078:
5073:
5068:
5063:
5058:
5053:
5048:
5043:
5038:
5032:
5030:
5023:
5019:
5018:
5016:
5015:
5010:
5005:
5000:
4998:Claire Lacombe
4995:
4990:
4985:
4980:
4975:
4970:
4965:
4960:
4955:
4950:
4945:
4940:
4935:
4930:
4925:
4923:Jacques Hébert
4919:
4917:
4904:
4903:
4901:
4900:
4895:
4890:
4885:
4880:
4875:
4870:
4865:
4860:
4855:
4850:
4845:
4840:
4835:
4830:
4825:
4820:
4815:
4810:
4805:
4800:
4795:
4790:
4785:
4780:
4778:Georges Danton
4775:
4769:
4767:
4761:
4760:
4758:
4757:
4752:
4747:
4742:
4737:
4732:
4727:
4722:
4717:
4712:
4707:
4702:
4697:
4691:
4689:
4683:
4682:
4680:
4679:
4674:
4669:
4664:
4659:
4654:
4649:
4644:
4639:
4634:
4629:
4624:
4622:Henri Grégoire
4618:
4613:
4608:
4602:
4600:
4594:
4593:
4591:
4590:
4585:
4580:
4575:
4570:
4565:
4563:Camille Jordan
4560:
4555:
4550:
4545:
4540:
4535:
4530:
4525:
4520:
4515:
4510:
4504:
4502:
4490:
4487:
4486:
4484:
4483:
4478:
4473:
4468:
4463:
4458:
4453:
4448:
4442:
4440:
4434:
4433:
4430:
4423:
4422:
4419:
4418:
4415:
4414:
4412:
4411:
4406:
4400:
4398:
4385:
4384:
4382:
4381:
4376:
4371:
4365:
4363:
4350:
4349:
4347:
4346:
4341:
4335:
4333:
4320:
4319:
4317:
4316:
4310:
4308:
4295:
4294:
4292:
4291:
4286:
4281:
4276:
4267:
4265:
4252:
4251:
4249:
4248:
4243:
4238:
4230:
4225:
4220:
4215:
4207:
4202:
4194:
4186:
4178:
4173:
4165:
4160:
4152:
4147:
4141:
4139:
4123:
4117:
4116:
4113:
4112:
4110:
4109:
4103:
4101:
4095:
4094:
4092:
4091:
4086:
4081:
4076:
4071:
4066:
4061:
4056:
4051:
4046:
4041:
4036:
4031:
4019:
4014:
4009:
4004:
3999:
3994:
3989:
3984:
3979:
3974:
3969:
3964:
3959:
3954:
3949:
3944:
3939:
3934:
3929:
3924:
3919:
3914:
3909:
3904:
3899:
3894:
3889:
3884:
3879:
3874:
3869:
3864:
3859:
3854:
3849:
3844:
3839:
3834:
3829:
3824:
3819:
3814:
3808:
3806:
3797:
3784:
3783:
3780:
3773:
3772:
3769:
3768:
3766:
3765:
3757:
3748:
3746:
3742:
3741:
3739:
3738:
3730:
3722:
3713:
3711:
3705:
3704:
3702:
3701:
3693:
3685:
3677:
3668:
3666:
3660:
3659:
3657:
3656:
3648:
3643:Battle of Novi
3640:
3632:
3630:(4–7 Jun 1799)
3624:
3616:
3608:
3600:
3592:
3584:
3575:
3573:
3567:
3566:
3564:
3563:
3555:
3547:
3539:
3531:
3522:
3520:
3514:
3513:
3511:
3510:
3502:
3494:
3486:
3478:
3470:
3462:
3453:
3451:
3445:
3444:
3442:
3441:
3433:
3425:
3423:(6–7 Nov 1796)
3417:
3409:
3401:
3393:
3385:
3377:
3369:
3361:
3353:
3348:
3340:
3338:(3–4 Aug 1796)
3332:
3323:
3321:
3315:
3314:
3312:
3311:
3309:Peace of Basel
3306:
3297:
3295:
3289:
3288:
3286:
3285:
3277:
3269:
3264:
3256:
3248:
3240:
3232:
3223:
3214:
3212:
3206:
3205:
3203:
3202:
3194:
3189:
3181:
3173:
3168:
3163:
3158:
3153:
3151:Siege of Mainz
3148:
3143:
3135:
3127:
3122:
3117:
3111:
3109:
3103:
3102:
3100:
3099:
3087:
3082:
3080:Siege of Mainz
3077:
3072:
3071:
3070:
3067:
3062:
3054:
3049:
3044:
3038:
3036:
3030:
3029:
3026:
3019:
3018:
3015:
3014:
3012:
3011:
3006:
2998:
2990:
2981:
2979:
2975:
2974:
2972:
2971:
2962:
2960:
2956:
2955:
2953:
2952:
2944:
2935:
2933:
2929:
2928:
2926:
2925:
2917:
2912:13 Vendémiaire
2909:
2908:
2907:
2902:
2889:
2881:
2872:
2870:
2866:
2865:
2863:
2862:
2854:
2846:
2837:
2829:
2821:
2808:
2806:
2802:
2801:
2799:
2798:
2790:
2782:
2774:
2764:
2759:Levée en masse
2756:
2748:
2740:
2739:
2738:
2733:
2720:
2712:
2703:
2701:
2697:
2696:
2694:
2693:
2685:
2677:
2669:
2664:10th of August
2661:
2653:
2645:
2636:
2634:
2630:
2629:
2627:
2626:
2618:
2610:
2602:
2594:
2585:
2583:
2579:
2578:
2576:
2575:
2565:
2557:
2548:
2546:(Feb–Jul 1790)
2539:
2537:
2533:
2532:
2530:
2529:
2521:
2513:
2505:
2497:
2489:
2481:
2473:
2465:
2457:
2449:
2441:
2433:
2422:
2420:
2416:
2415:
2413:
2412:
2404:
2395:
2393:
2389:
2388:
2385:
2378:
2377:
2375:
2374:
2367:
2360:
2353:
2346:
2339:
2332:
2325:
2318:
2311:
2304:
2296:
2293:
2292:
2287:
2285:
2284:
2277:
2270:
2262:
2254:
2253:
2244:
2237:
2225:
2224:
2210:
2209:External links
2207:
2206:
2205:
2177:
2170:
2161:
2158:
2155:
2154:
2144:
2127:
2113:
2103:
2090:
2077:
2064:
2051:
2035:Reynald Secher
2022:
2002:
1993:
1977:
1964:
1951:
1932:
1910:
1909:
1907:
1904:
1903:
1902:
1896:
1890:
1884:
1877:Lambert Wilson
1873:Sophie Marceau
1855:
1850:Michel Ragon,
1848:
1832:
1820:
1788:
1785:
1784:
1783:
1776:
1765:
1758:
1751:
1744:
1743:, Perrin, 1993
1737:
1732:Jean Barreau,
1730:
1719:
1712:
1705:
1698:
1688:
1679:
1676:
1674:
1671:
1632:Baroness Orczy
1596:, painting by
1586:
1583:
1564:Lower Normandy
1545:Jean Cottereau
1536:
1533:
1528:
1525:
1185:
1182:
1152:ended and the
1073:Maine-et-Loire
1011:. However, in
936:Jambe d'Argent
867:
864:
859:Jules Girardet
850:
847:
779:
776:
745:peasant revolt
735:to defend the
724:levée en masse
696:First Republic
694:, against the
642:
641:
639:
638:
635:13 Vendémiaire
631:
626:
621:
615:
614:
607:
599:
596:
595:
583:
581:
580:
573:
566:
558:
549:
548:
546:
545:
540:
535:
530:
525:
520:
515:
510:
505:
500:
495:
490:
485:
480:
475:
470:
465:
460:
455:
453:Croix-Couverte
450:
445:
440:
435:
430:
425:
420:
415:
410:
405:
400:
395:
390:
385:
380:
374:
371:
370:
357:
355:
354:
347:
340:
332:
324:
323:
318:
305:
304:
300:
299:
196:
190:Pierre Quantin
154:
153:
149:
148:
111:
98:
97:
93:
92:
89:
88:
85:
81:
80:
67:
65:
61:
60:
57:
49:
48:
32:
31:
24:
23:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5536:
5525:
5522:
5520:
5517:
5515:
5512:
5510:
5507:
5505:
5502:
5501:
5499:
5480:
5477:
5475:
5472:
5470:
5467:
5465:
5462:
5460:
5457:
5455:
5452:
5450:
5447:
5444:
5443:
5442:Sans-culottes
5438:
5434:
5431:
5430:
5429:
5426:
5424:
5421:
5419:
5416:
5414:
5413:Metric system
5411:
5409:
5406:
5403:
5402:
5397:
5395:
5392:
5390:
5387:
5385:
5382:
5379:
5378:
5373:
5371:
5368:
5366:
5363:
5360:
5359:
5354:
5353:
5350:
5343:
5339:
5329:
5326:
5324:
5321:
5319:
5316:
5314:
5311:
5309:
5306:
5304:
5301:
5299:
5296:
5294:
5291:
5289:
5286:
5284:
5281:
5279:
5276:
5274:
5271:
5269:
5266:
5264:
5261:
5259:
5256:
5254:
5253:
5249:
5248:
5245:
5238:
5234:
5220:
5217:
5213:
5212:Panthéon Club
5210:
5208:
5205:
5204:
5203:
5200:
5199:
5197:
5193:
5187:
5184:
5182:
5179:
5177:
5174:
5172:
5169:
5167:
5164:
5162:
5159:
5157:
5154:
5152:
5149:
5147:
5144:
5142:
5139:
5137:
5134:
5132:
5129:
5127:
5124:
5122:
5119:
5117:
5114:
5112:
5109:
5107:
5104:
5102:
5101:Joachim Murat
5099:
5097:
5094:
5092:
5089:
5087:
5084:
5082:
5079:
5077:
5074:
5072:
5069:
5067:
5064:
5062:
5059:
5057:
5054:
5052:
5049:
5047:
5044:
5042:
5039:
5037:
5034:
5033:
5031:
5027:
5024:
5020:
5014:
5011:
5009:
5006:
5004:
5001:
4999:
4996:
4994:
4991:
4989:
4986:
4984:
4981:
4979:
4976:
4974:
4971:
4969:
4966:
4964:
4961:
4959:
4956:
4954:
4951:
4949:
4946:
4944:
4941:
4939:
4936:
4934:
4931:
4929:
4926:
4924:
4921:
4920:
4918:
4916:
4915:
4909:
4905:
4899:
4896:
4894:
4891:
4889:
4886:
4884:
4881:
4879:
4878:Gilbert Romme
4876:
4874:
4871:
4869:
4866:
4864:
4861:
4859:
4856:
4854:
4851:
4849:
4846:
4844:
4841:
4839:
4836:
4834:
4831:
4829:
4826:
4824:
4821:
4819:
4816:
4814:
4811:
4809:
4806:
4804:
4801:
4799:
4796:
4794:
4791:
4789:
4786:
4784:
4781:
4779:
4776:
4774:
4771:
4770:
4768:
4766:
4762:
4756:
4753:
4751:
4748:
4746:
4743:
4741:
4738:
4736:
4733:
4731:
4728:
4726:
4723:
4721:
4718:
4716:
4713:
4711:
4708:
4706:
4703:
4701:
4700:de Cambacérès
4698:
4696:
4693:
4692:
4690:
4688:
4684:
4678:
4675:
4673:
4670:
4668:
4665:
4663:
4660:
4658:
4655:
4653:
4650:
4648:
4645:
4643:
4640:
4638:
4635:
4633:
4630:
4628:
4625:
4623:
4619:
4617:
4616:Madame Roland
4614:
4612:
4609:
4607:
4604:
4603:
4601:
4599:
4595:
4589:
4586:
4584:
4581:
4579:
4576:
4574:
4571:
4569:
4566:
4564:
4561:
4559:
4556:
4554:
4553:André Chénier
4551:
4549:
4546:
4544:
4541:
4539:
4536:
4534:
4531:
4529:
4526:
4524:
4521:
4519:
4516:
4514:
4511:
4509:
4508:Grace Elliott
4506:
4505:
4503:
4500:
4499:
4493:
4488:
4482:
4479:
4477:
4474:
4472:
4469:
4467:
4464:
4462:
4459:
4457:
4454:
4452:
4449:
4447:
4444:
4443:
4441:
4439:
4435:
4428:
4424:
4410:
4407:
4405:
4402:
4401:
4399:
4397:
4392:
4386:
4380:
4377:
4375:
4372:
4370:
4367:
4366:
4364:
4362:
4357:
4351:
4345:
4342:
4340:
4337:
4336:
4334:
4332:
4327:
4321:
4315:
4312:
4311:
4309:
4307:
4302:
4296:
4290:
4287:
4285:
4282:
4280:
4277:
4275:
4272:
4269:
4268:
4266:
4264:
4259:
4253:
4247:
4244:
4242:
4239:
4237:
4231:
4229:
4226:
4224:
4221:
4219:
4216:
4214:
4208:
4206:
4203:
4201:
4195:
4193:
4187:
4185:
4179:
4177:
4174:
4172:
4166:
4164:
4161:
4159:
4153:
4151:
4148:
4146:
4143:
4142:
4140:
4138:
4133:
4127:
4124:
4122:
4118:
4108:
4105:
4104:
4102:
4100:
4096:
4090:
4087:
4085:
4082:
4080:
4077:
4075:
4072:
4070:
4069:Joseph Souham
4067:
4065:
4062:
4060:
4057:
4055:
4052:
4050:
4047:
4045:
4042:
4040:
4037:
4035:
4032:
4028:
4023:
4020:
4018:
4015:
4013:
4012:Joachim Murat
4010:
4008:
4005:
4003:
4000:
3998:
3995:
3993:
3992:André Masséna
3990:
3988:
3985:
3983:
3980:
3978:
3975:
3973:
3970:
3968:
3965:
3963:
3960:
3958:
3955:
3953:
3950:
3948:
3945:
3943:
3940:
3938:
3935:
3933:
3930:
3928:
3925:
3923:
3920:
3918:
3915:
3913:
3910:
3908:
3905:
3903:
3900:
3898:
3895:
3893:
3890:
3888:
3885:
3883:
3880:
3878:
3875:
3873:
3870:
3868:
3865:
3863:
3860:
3858:
3855:
3853:
3850:
3848:
3845:
3843:
3840:
3838:
3835:
3833:
3830:
3828:
3825:
3823:
3820:
3818:
3815:
3813:
3810:
3809:
3807:
3805:
3801:
3798:
3796:
3791:
3785:
3778:
3774:
3763:(25 Jun 1802)
3761:
3758:
3755:(25 Mar 1802)
3753:
3750:
3749:
3747:
3743:
3734:
3731:
3728:(18 Mar 1801)
3726:
3723:
3718:
3715:
3714:
3712:
3710:
3706:
3697:
3694:
3689:
3686:
3683:(15 Jun 1800)
3681:
3678:
3675:(14 Jun 1800)
3673:
3670:
3669:
3667:
3665:
3661:
3652:
3649:
3646:(15 Aug 1799)
3644:
3641:
3636:
3633:
3628:
3625:
3620:
3617:
3612:
3609:
3606:(25 Mar 1799)
3604:
3601:
3596:
3593:
3588:
3587:Siege of Acre
3585:
3580:
3577:
3576:
3574:
3572:
3568:
3559:
3558:Peasants' War
3556:
3551:
3548:
3543:
3540:
3535:
3532:
3527:
3524:
3523:
3521:
3519:
3515:
3508:(17 Oct 1797)
3506:
3503:
3500:(18 Apr 1797)
3498:
3495:
3492:(17 Apr 1797)
3490:
3487:
3484:(25 Jan 1797)
3482:
3479:
3474:
3471:
3468:(13 Jan 1797)
3466:
3463:
3458:
3455:
3454:
3452:
3450:
3446:
3437:
3434:
3429:
3426:
3421:
3418:
3413:
3410:
3407:(26 Oct 1796)
3405:
3402:
3399:(19 Oct 1796)
3397:
3394:
3389:
3386:
3381:
3378:
3373:
3370:
3367:(24 Aug 1796)
3365:
3362:
3359:(11 Aug 1796)
3357:
3354:
3352:
3349:
3344:
3341:
3336:
3333:
3328:
3325:
3324:
3322:
3320:
3316:
3310:
3307:
3302:
3299:
3298:
3296:
3294:
3290:
3281:
3278:
3273:
3270:
3268:
3265:
3262:(26 Jun 1794)
3260:
3257:
3252:
3249:
3246:(22 May 1794)
3244:
3241:
3238:(18 May 1794)
3236:
3233:
3227:
3224:
3221:(24 Apr 1794)
3219:
3216:
3215:
3213:
3211:
3207:
3198:
3195:
3193:
3190:
3187:(13 Oct 1793)
3185:
3182:
3177:
3174:
3172:
3169:
3167:
3164:
3162:
3159:
3157:
3154:
3152:
3149:
3147:
3144:
3139:
3136:
3133:(23 May 1793)
3131:
3128:
3126:
3123:
3121:
3118:
3116:
3113:
3112:
3110:
3108:
3104:
3096:
3091:
3088:
3086:
3083:
3081:
3078:
3076:
3073:
3068:
3066:
3063:
3061:
3058:
3057:
3055:
3053:
3050:
3048:
3045:
3043:
3040:
3039:
3037:
3035:
3031:
3024:
3020:
3010:
3007:
3004:(24 Dec 1799)
3002:
2999:
2994:
2991:
2988:(18 Jun 1799)
2986:
2983:
2982:
2980:
2976:
2969:(11 May 1798)
2967:
2964:
2963:
2961:
2957:
2948:
2945:
2940:
2937:
2936:
2934:
2930:
2921:
2918:
2913:
2910:
2906:
2903:
2901:
2898:
2897:
2893:
2890:
2887:(22 Aug 1795)
2885:
2882:
2877:
2874:
2873:
2871:
2867:
2860:(11 Nov 1794)
2858:
2855:
2850:
2847:
2844:(28 Jul 1794)
2841:
2838:
2835:(27 Jul 1794)
2833:
2830:
2827:(10 Jun 1794)
2825:
2822:
2817:
2813:
2810:
2809:
2807:
2803:
2794:
2791:
2788:(16 Oct 1793)
2786:
2783:
2780:(17 Sep 1793)
2778:
2775:
2770:
2769:
2765:
2762:(23 Aug 1793)
2760:
2757:
2754:(13 Jul 1793)
2752:
2749:
2744:
2741:
2737:
2734:
2732:
2729:
2728:
2724:
2721:
2716:
2713:
2710:(21 Jan 1793)
2708:
2705:
2704:
2702:
2698:
2691:(22 Sep 1792)
2689:
2686:
2681:
2678:
2673:
2670:
2667:(10 Aug 1792)
2665:
2662:
2657:
2654:
2651:(25 Jul 1792)
2649:
2646:
2643:(20 Apr 1792)
2641:
2638:
2637:
2635:
2631:
2622:
2619:
2614:
2611:
2608:(27 Aug 1791)
2606:
2603:
2600:(17 Jul 1791)
2598:
2595:
2590:
2587:
2586:
2584:
2580:
2573:(14 Jul 1790)
2571:
2570:
2566:
2563:(12 Jul 1790)
2561:
2558:
2555:(23 Jun 1790)
2553:
2549:
2544:
2541:
2540:
2538:
2534:
2525:
2522:
2517:
2514:
2511:(26 Aug 1789)
2509:
2506:
2501:
2498:
2493:
2490:
2487:(14 Jul 1789)
2485:
2482:
2477:
2474:
2471:(20 Jun 1789)
2469:
2466:
2461:
2458:
2455:(4 June 1789)
2453:
2450:
2445:
2442:
2439:(28 Apr 1789)
2437:
2434:
2429:
2428:
2424:
2423:
2421:
2417:
2410:(21 Jul 1788)
2408:
2405:
2400:
2397:
2396:
2394:
2390:
2383:
2379:
2373:
2372:
2368:
2366:
2365:
2361:
2359:
2358:
2354:
2352:
2351:
2347:
2345:
2344:
2340:
2338:
2337:
2333:
2331:
2330:
2326:
2324:
2323:
2319:
2317:
2316:
2315:Ancien Régime
2312:
2310:
2309:
2305:
2303:
2302:
2298:
2297:
2294:
2290:
2283:
2278:
2276:
2271:
2269:
2264:
2263:
2260:
2252:
2251:
2245:
2241:
2238:
2236:
2235:
2229:
2228:
2222:
2217:
2213:
2212:
2208:
2202:
2201:
2196:
2192:
2187:
2186:public domain
2182:
2178:
2175:
2171:
2168:
2164:
2163:
2159:
2148:
2145:
2141:
2137:
2131:
2128:
2124:
2117:
2114:
2107:
2104:
2100:
2094:
2091:
2087:
2081:
2078:
2074:
2068:
2065:
2061:
2055:
2052:
2048:
2040:
2036:
2032:
2026:
2023:
2019:
2015:
2011:
2010:Albert Soboul
2006:
2003:
1997:
1994:
1990:
1987:Roger Dupuy,
1984:
1982:
1978:
1974:
1968:
1965:
1961:
1955:
1952:
1948:
1944:
1943:Albert Soboul
1939:
1937:
1933:
1929:
1925:
1924:Albert Soboul
1920:
1918:
1916:
1912:
1905:
1900:
1899:D. K. Broster
1897:
1894:
1893:D. K. Broster
1891:
1888:
1887:D. K. Broster
1885:
1882:
1878:
1874:
1870:
1866:
1862:
1861:
1856:
1853:
1849:
1846:
1842:
1841:
1836:
1833:
1830:
1829:
1824:
1821:
1818:
1814:
1810:
1809:
1804:
1800:
1799:
1794:
1791:
1790:
1786:
1781:
1777:
1774:
1770:
1766:
1763:
1759:
1756:
1753:Anne Bernet,
1752:
1749:
1746:Roger Dupuy,
1745:
1742:
1739:Anne Bernet,
1738:
1735:
1731:
1728:
1724:
1720:
1717:
1713:
1710:
1707:Jean Morvan,
1706:
1703:
1699:
1696:
1692:
1689:
1687:, 1855 ;
1686:
1682:
1681:
1677:
1672:
1670:
1668:
1664:
1660:
1656:
1652:
1648:
1643:
1641:
1637:
1633:
1629:
1628:
1623:
1619:
1618:
1613:
1609:
1608:
1599:
1595:
1594:Chouan Ambush
1591:
1584:
1582:
1579:
1577:
1576:Petite Vendée
1571:
1567:
1565:
1561:
1556:
1554:
1550:
1546:
1542:
1534:
1532:
1526:
1524:
1522:
1518:
1514:
1509:
1507:
1503:
1499:
1495:
1490:
1486:
1483:
1482:
1476:
1474:
1470:
1466:
1462:
1458:
1454:
1450:
1446:
1442:
1438:
1434:
1430:
1426:
1421:
1419:
1415:
1410:
1408:
1404:
1401:
1396:
1389:
1384:
1380:
1371:
1367:
1363:
1359:
1357:
1353:
1348:
1346:
1341:
1339:
1335:
1331:
1327:
1319:
1315:
1311:
1306:
1302:
1300:
1296:
1292:
1288:
1282:
1277:
1272:
1267:
1265:
1261:
1258:
1254:
1250:
1244:
1239:
1235:
1231:
1227:
1223:
1218:
1216:
1212:
1208:
1203:
1199:
1195:
1191:
1183:
1181:
1179:
1175:
1171:
1167:
1163:
1162:
1157:
1156:
1151:
1147:
1140:
1135:
1131:
1129:
1125:
1121:
1117:
1113:
1109:
1104:
1102:
1098:
1094:
1090:
1086:
1082:
1078:
1074:
1070:
1066:
1062:
1057:
1055:
1051:
1047:
1041:
1036:
1032:
1028:
1026:
1022:
1018:
1014:
1008:
1003:
999:
995:
991:
990:Côtes-d'Armor
987:
982:
980:
971:
966:
962:
960:
956:
951:
948:
943:
941:
937:
931:
926:
922:
918:
914:
910:
906:
902:
898:
894:
890:
886:
882:
879:
874:
865:
860:
855:
848:
846:
844:
840:
836:
832:
828:
824:
820:
816:
813:(Finistère),
812:
807:
805:
801:
797:
793:
789:
785:
777:
775:
773:
769:
765:
761:
757:
752:
750:
746:
742:
738:
734:
730:
726:
725:
720:
716:
712:
711:Caesaropapism
708:
703:
701:
697:
693:
689:
685:
684:
679:
675:
671:
664:
658:
650:
637:
636:
632:
630:
627:
625:
622:
620:
617:
616:
613:
612:
608:
606:
605:
601:
600:
597:
592:
579:
574:
572:
567:
565:
560:
559:
556:
544:
543:Les Tombettes
541:
539:
538:Pont du Loc'h
536:
534:
531:
529:
526:
524:
523:Mont-Guéhenno
521:
519:
516:
514:
511:
509:
506:
504:
501:
499:
496:
494:
491:
489:
486:
484:
483:Grand-Celland
481:
479:
478:Val de Préaux
476:
474:
471:
469:
466:
464:
463:Auberge-neuve
461:
459:
456:
454:
451:
449:
446:
444:
441:
439:
436:
434:
431:
429:
426:
424:
421:
419:
416:
414:
413:La Cornuaille
411:
409:
408:La Ceriseraie
406:
404:
401:
399:
396:
394:
391:
389:
386:
384:
381:
379:
376:
375:
372:
367:
363:
353:
348:
346:
341:
339:
334:
333:
330:
319:
310:
307:
306:
301:
297:
292:
288:
284:
280:
278:
272:
268:
264:
260:
256:
252:
250:
244:
239:
234:
230:
226:
222:
220:
214:
210:
205:
200:
197:
195:
191:
187:
183:
179:
175:
171:
167:
163:
159:
156:
155:
150:
146:
145:Great Britain
133:
122:
112:
110:
105:
100:
99:
94:
86:
83:
82:
78:
74:
70:
66:
63:
62:
58:
55:
54:
50:
44:
38:
33:
30:
25:
20:
5449:Phrygian cap
5394:Bastille Day
5308:Thomas Paine
5263:Edmund Burke
5258:Beaumarchais
5252:Les Lumières
5250:
5091:Joseph Fesch
5003:Pauline Léon
4973:Jacques Roux
4912:
4496:
3922:Lazare Hoche
3907:Paul Grenier
3877:Louis Desaix
3736:(8 Jul 1801)
3720:(9 Feb 1801)
3691:(3 Dec 1800)
3614:(5 Apr 1799)
3415:(6 Nov 1796)
3391:(8 Sep 1796)
3383:(4 Sep 1796)
3375:(3 Sep 1796)
3346:(5 Aug 1796)
3275:(2 Oct 1794)
3266:
3254:(1 Jun 1794)
3059:
2996:(9 Nov 1799)
2942:(4 Sep 1797)
2879:(1 Apr 1795)
2849:White Terror
2842:guillotined
2819:(5 Apr 1794)
2766:
2746:(2 Jun 1793)
2616:(3 Sep 1791)
2567:
2527:(2 Nov 1789)
2519:(5 Oct 1789)
2447:(5 May 1789)
2425:
2402:(7 Jun 1788)
2369:
2362:
2355:
2348:
2341:
2334:
2327:
2320:
2313:
2306:
2299:
2248:
2243:Chouannerie
2239:
2232:
2198:
2173:
2166:
2147:
2130:
2122:
2116:
2106:
2098:
2093:
2085:
2080:
2072:
2067:
2059:
2054:
2038:
2025:
2013:
2005:
1996:
1988:
1972:
1967:
1954:
1946:
1927:
1858:
1851:
1844:
1840:L'Ensorcelée
1838:
1826:
1806:
1796:
1779:
1768:
1761:
1754:
1747:
1740:
1733:
1722:
1721:Marc Valin,
1715:
1708:
1701:
1694:
1684:
1673:Bibliography
1654:
1644:
1635:
1625:
1617:Ninety-Three
1615:
1605:
1603:
1593:
1580:
1575:
1572:
1568:
1557:
1548:
1538:
1530:
1510:
1491:
1487:
1479:
1477:
1422:
1411:
1406:
1393:
1375:
1369:
1365:
1349:
1344:
1342:
1333:
1329:
1323:
1317:
1313:
1299:Saint-Brieuc
1290:
1268:
1256:
1219:
1194:Lazare Hoche
1187:
1174:Jean Humbert
1159:
1153:
1143:
1105:
1081:départements
1080:
1061:départements
1060:
1058:
1045:
1044:, nicknamed
1029:
983:
975:
952:
944:
935:
871:
869:
842:
808:
781:
772:Hundred Days
767:
756:départements
755:
753:
732:
722:
719:conscription
704:
683:départements
682:
676:uprising or
648:
646:
633:
610:
609:
602:
528:Tour d'Elven
513:Saint-Brieuc
365:
276:
248:
218:
178:Jean Humbert
174:Lazare Hoche
96:Belligerents
5318:Abbé Sieyès
5303:Montesquieu
5219:Social Club
5161:Jean Chouan
5051:Louis XVIII
4828:Roger Ducos
4798:Paul Barras
4765:Montagnards
4695:Abbé Sieyès
4498:monarchiens
4306:Netherlands
4235:(Hungarian)
4183:(Hungarian)
4099:French Navy
4025: [
3947:Jean Lannes
3804:French Army
3582:(1798–1802)
3553:(1798–1800)
3537:(1798–1801)
3267:Chouannerie
3228:(Pyrenees)
3093: [
3060:Chouannerie
2852:(Fall 1794)
2840:Robespierre
2221:Chouannerie
2191:Wood, James
2140:Jean Chouan
2043:(in French)
2018:Roger Dupuy
1989:les Chouans
1823:Victor Hugo
1817:Jean Marais
1813:Henri Calef
1808:Les Chouans
1748:Les Chouans
1622:Victor Hugo
1607:Les Chouans
1527:Third phase
1449:Deux-Sèvres
1398: [
1386: [
1377:joined the
1345:in absentia
1328:joined the
1279: [
1241: [
1226:émigré army
1215:Grand-Champ
1038: [
1005: [
934:(nicknamed
928: [
917:Jean Chouan
903:and of the
891:of General
876: [
698:during the
668:; from the
649:Chouannerie
611:Chouannerie
322:~55,000 men
213:Jean Chouan
22:Chouannerie
5498:Categories
5207:Cordeliers
5121:Talleyrand
5046:Louis XVII
4908:Hébertists
4662:Jean Debry
4492:Feuillants
4121:Opposition
4017:Michel Ney
3439:(Dec 1796)
3047:Thionville
2950:(Dec 1797)
2923:(May 1796)
2915:5 Oct 1795
2892:Directoire
2772:(painting)
2675:(Sep 1792)
2659:(Jun 1792)
2492:Great Fear
2431:(Jan 1789)
2322:Revolution
1906:References
1678:Historical
1653:published
1651:Lan Inisan
1481:Directoire
1461:Saint-Malo
1405:. Several
1211:Moncontour
1190:Louis XVII
458:Tinchebray
388:Plouharnel
320:1795–1800:
5041:Louis XVI
5036:Charles X
4687:The Plain
4598:Girondins
4538:Lafayette
4199:(Walloon)
4181:Pál Kray
4157:(Walloon)
3699:(1800–02)
3550:Quasi-War
3009:Consulate
2895:(1795–99)
2350:Consulate
2343:Directory
2111:movement.
1857:The film
1455:, led by
1431:, led by
1379:Mordelles
1295:Coëtlogon
1046:la Vendée
1013:Finistère
819:Pontrieux
804:Louis XVI
713:upon the
423:Vieuville
59:1794–1800
5401:Panthéon
5389:Muscadin
5384:Marianne
5323:Voltaire
5202:Jacobins
5195:Factions
4735:Mirabeau
4191:(French)
3085:Jemappes
3069:Dauphiné
2552:Nobility
2364:Journals
2357:Glossary
2336:Republic
2308:Timeline
2088:, p.113.
2075:, p.132.
2012:(dir.),
1945:(dir.),
1926:(dir.),
1860:Chouans!
1819:, 1946).
1473:Calvados
1414:Fougères
1354:, where
1352:Normandy
1276:Jean Jan
1271:Quiberon
1170:Provence
994:Morbihan
986:Brittany
977:fights,
909:Fougères
849:Uprising
758:like in
688:Brittany
674:royalist
629:Quiberon
518:Le Lorey
498:Hennerie
488:Argentré
393:Quiberon
303:Strength
77:Normandy
69:Brittany
64:Location
27:Part of
5283:Diderot
5029:Figures
4914:Enragés
4620:Father
4331:Prussia
4263:Britain
4212:(Saxon)
4170:(Swiss)
4137:Austria
2195:Chouans
2188::
2062:, p.41.
1991:, p.36.
1883:, 1988.
1867:, with
1831:, 1874.
1815:, with
1775:. 2005.
1773:Mayenne
1535:Leaders
1521:Puisaye
1407:émigrés
1334:émigrés
1330:émigrés
1264:Puisaye
1257:émigrés
1207:Bréhand
907:, near
901:Mayenne
815:Lannion
811:Carhaix
800:Quimper
796:Lorient
778:Origins
760:Aveyron
587:of the
468:Locminé
448:Andigné
443:Auverné
277:†
249:†
219:†
132:Émigrés
121:Chouans
5022:Others
4361:Russia
3795:France
3460:(1797)
3330:(1796)
3065:Vendée
3042:Verdun
2869:1795–6
2812:Danton
2371:Museum
2301:Causes
2176:(1982)
1843:. and
1729:, 1985
1624:, and
1498:Angers
1465:Manche
1451:. The
1445:Vendée
1437:Nantes
1425:Rennes
1230:Carnac
1150:Terror
1139:dolmen
1093:Dinard
1077:Sarthe
1059:Other
1025:Trégor
945:Using
839:Chouan
792:bishop
788:Vannes
764:Lozère
670:Chouan
619:Toulon
604:Vendée
508:Nantes
378:Liffré
293:
273:
245:
235:
215:
201:
142:
84:Result
5479:Films
4396:Spain
4029:]
3097:]
3090:Namur
3075:Lille
3052:Valmy
2047:Brest
1960:Ernée
1863:, by
1811:, by
1727:Laval
1402:]
1390:]
1283:]
1245:]
1144:When
1128:Maine
1124:Loire
1065:Anjou
1042:]
1009:]
932:]
913:Vitré
897:Loire
880:]
831:Laval
823:Craon
721:, or
692:Maine
398:Segré
73:Maine
4911:and
4495:and
3745:1802
3709:1801
3664:1800
3571:1799
3518:1798
3449:1797
3319:1796
3293:1795
3210:1794
3107:1793
3034:1792
2978:1799
2959:1798
2932:1797
2814:and
2805:1794
2700:1793
2633:1792
2582:1791
2536:1790
2419:1789
2392:1788
2029:See
1879:and
1469:Orne
1447:and
1308:The
1247:and
1209:and
1033:and
1023:and
1021:Léon
923:and
829:and
762:and
690:and
647:The
624:Lyon
503:Mans
56:Date
4271:Sir
2197:".
1645:In
1638:by
1620:by
1610:by
1228:in
5500::
4027:fr
3095:fr
1980:^
1935:^
1914:^
1875:,
1871:,
1837:,
1825:,
1801:,
1795:,
1693:,
1669:.
1649:,
1614:,
1551:;
1508:.
1471:,
1467:,
1400:fr
1388:fr
1340:.
1281:fr
1243:fr
1236:,
1067:,
1040:fr
1019:,
1007:fr
930:fr
919:,
911:,
878:fr
825:,
817:,
747:,
364:–
75:,
71:,
45:,
2281:e
2274:t
2267:v
2142:.
2121:"
2020:.
1854:.
1847:.
1368:(
1316:(
651:(
577:e
570:t
563:v
351:e
344:t
337:v
311::
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