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be shipped, crushed stone is usually marketed locally. The high cost of transportation is responsible for the wide dispersion of quarries, usually located near highly populated areas. However, increasing land values combined with local environmental concerns are moving crushed stone quarries farther from the end-use locations, increasing the price of delivered material.
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Transportation is a major factor in the delivered price of crushed stone. The cost of moving crushed stone from the plant to the market often equals or exceeds the sale price of the product at the plant. Because of the high cost of transportation and the large quantities of bulk material that have to
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The strength and stiffness of the course of compacted angular stone came from the mechanical interlock which developed between individual pieces of stone. The principle is still used in modem road construction and since 1820 McAdam's name has been remembered by the term macadam used to describe the
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regulations. These costs vary depending on geographic location, the nature of the deposit, and the number and type of products produced. Crushed stone has one of the lowest average by weight values of all mineral commodities. The average unit price increased from US$ 1.58 per metric ton, f.o.b.
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In addition, 4.53 million tons of crushed stone was used for fillers and extenders (including asphalt fillers or extenders), 2.71 million tons for sulfur oxide removal-mine dusting-acid water treatment, and 1.45 million tons sold or used for poultry grit or mineral food.
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Granular A, Granular B, and
Granular C, all represent crushed rock mixed with sand in which Granular A has the least amount of sand, and Granular B has the most amount of sand. "Granular A" is also referred to as "angular crushed down to fines" or "minus"
270:. The industry is highly competitive and is characterized by many operations serving local or regional markets. Production costs are determined mainly by the cost of labor, equipment, energy, and water, in addition to the costs of compliance with
346:, a finely-ground limestone or dolomite, to change the soil from acidic to nearly neutral particularly benefits crops by maximizing availability of plant nutrients, and also by reducing aluminum or
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that floats and can be poured off from the much denser molten metal (i.e., iron). The slag cools to become a stone-like material that is commonly crushed and recycled as construction aggregate.
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Crushed stone can be used without binder for a variety of construction or industrial applications, or it may be mixed with a matrix binding material, such as bituminous or portland cement.
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plant, in 1970 to US$ 4.39 in 1990. However, the unit price in constant 1982 dollars fluctuated between US$ 3.48 and US$ 3.91 per metric ton for the same period. Increased
189:, agriculture, and other industries. Despite the low value of its basic products, the crushed stone industry is a major contributor to and an indicator of the
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295:, which might be realized if fewer, larger operations served larger marketing areas, would probably not offset the increased transportation costs.
193:. The demand for crushed stone is determined mostly by the level of construction activity, and, therefore, the demand for construction materials.
164:. As a mineral groundcover its benefits include erosion control, water conservation, weed suppression, and aesthetics. It is often seen used in
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307:, 1.72 billion tons of crushed stone worth $ 13.8 billion was sold or used in 2006, of which 1.44 billion tons was used as
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220:. Substitutes for crushed stone used as construction aggregates include sand and gravel, iron and steel slag,
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road construction, which depends on the interlocking of the individual stones' angular faces for its strength.
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In 2006, 5.29 million tons of crushed stone (mostly limestone or dolomite) was used as a flux in
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sold or used totaled 11.8 million tons, the majority of which was ground very fine and used as
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suitable for specialty uses are limited in many geographic areas. Crushed stone substitutes for
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and more efficient equipment was mainly responsible for maintaining the prices at this level.
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The term "high performance bedding" (HPB) is used to refer to 1/4" and 3/8" crushed rock.
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toxicity, promoting soil microbe activity, and improving the soil structure.
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Crushed stone is recycled primarily as construction aggregate or concrete.
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646:- United States Geological Survey minerals information for crushed stone
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Artificial gravel of angular shape, used as construction aggregate
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30:"Crushed rock" redirects here. For the quarry in Nigeria, see
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In 2006, 9.40 million tons of crushed stone (almost all
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Stone resources of the world are very large. High-purity
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courses of unbound angular stone which he introduced.
436:
Handbook of Road
Technology (Transportation Studies)
395:Crushed stone simulating a natural deposit at the
41:20 mm (0.79 in) crushed stone, used for
499:Cornell University: Gardening Resources - mulches
467:Cunningham, William D.; McKetta, John J. (1976).
469:Encyclopedia of chemical processing and design
99:Angular crushed stone is the key material for
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357:and in certain steel furnaces to react with
639:USGS 2006 Minerals Yearbook: Stone, Crushed
585:Willett, Jason Christopher (January 2007).
365:and silicate impurities) to produce liquid
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531:"USGS Minerals Information: Crushed Stone"
266:Crushed stone is a high-volume, low-value
68:. It is distinct from naturally occurring
615:"Best Base for Pavers - How to Hardscape"
644:Crushed Stone Statistics and Information
561:"Statistical Compendium - Crushed Stone"
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511:AboutGardens: Crushed stone driveways
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559:Tepordei, Valentin V. (1997-11-04).
283:achieved through increased use of
262:Crushed stone laid as a road base
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334:treatment, primarily to reduce
305:United States Geological Survey
191:economic well-being of a nation
181:Crushed stone is a major basic
299:United States statistical data
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594:Mineral Commodity Summaries
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380:Terminology and variations
342:is used. Using aglime or
330:or dolomite) was used for
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160:pavement, and infill for
690:Earthworks (engineering)
665:Granularity of materials
596:. U.S. Geological Survey
567:. U.S. Geological Survey
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565:Minerals Information
520:. accessed 5.10.2011
501:. accessed 5.10.2011
440:Taylor & Francis
129:(with a binder) in
32:Crushed Rock, Mpape
670:Building materials
516:2011-07-22 at the
438:. Washington, DC:
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293:Economies of scale
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127:composite material
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675:Natural materials
587:"Stone (Crushed)"
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344:agricultural lime
321:calcium carbonate
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224:or expanded
206:roadbuilding
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187:construction
183:raw material
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166:rock gardens
120:filter stone
112:As railroad
58:angular rock
57:
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49:applications
238:vermiculite
150:groundcover
146:landscaping
654:Categories
621:2023-11-24
600:2007-11-11
571:2007-11-11
540:2007-11-11
421:References
315:. Crushed
285:automation
177:Background
680:Pavements
348:manganese
328:limestone
268:commodity
198:limestone
86:limestone
47:landscape
514:Archived
404:See also
222:sintered
208:include
202:dolomite
185:used by
158:driveway
131:concrete
84:Crushed
66:crushers
18:Chuckies
388:gravel.
234:perlite
154:walkway
101:macadam
479:
446:
363:silica
359:gangue
317:marble
276:safety
232:, and
216:, and
214:gravel
137:, and
135:tarmac
108:riprap
89:quarry
70:gravel
590:(PDF)
253:China
249:barge
230:shale
148:as a
91:near
477:ISBN
444:ISBN
367:slag
332:soil
313:lime
274:and
226:clay
218:slag
212:and
210:sand
200:and
168:and
156:and
45:and
251:in
236:or
228:or
144:In
125:As
118:As
106:As
76:Use
56:or
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
